Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TMEM16B'
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Suzuki, Takayuki. "Functional Swapping between Transmembrane Proteins TMEM16A and TMEM16F." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188693.
Full textIshihara, Kenji. "Role of Ca2+ in the Stability and Function of TMEM16F and 16K." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217141.
Full textLancien, Mélanie. "Etude du rôle des gènes homologues Tmem176a et Tmem176b dans le système immunitaire : immunité de type 17 et biologie des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1011.
Full textOur immune system provides protection and regulates the homeostasis of the organism. For this, it consists of an innate immune response and an adaptive response. Our team has identified TMEM176A and TMEM176B. These proteins are intracellular ion channels that are particularly expressed both in RORyt+ cells and in dendritic cells. The generation of a deficient mouse for these two genes allowed us to study their role. We have demonstrated that the absence of Tmem 176a and b does not affect the generation of RORyt+ cells, neither their ability to secrete cytokines. The study of two models of colitis allowed us to confirm that Tmem176a and b seem to be dispensable in these cells. However, the epigenetic study of deficient dendritic cells put in evidence a deregulation of the MHC class li presentation pathway. We have detected a decrease of the proliferation of CD4+ T. Using an innovative microscopy technique, we have observed a preferential localization of TMEM176A and B in the endo-lysosomal pathway and in particular in the MIIC compartment involved in the presentation of antigens by the MHC class li pathway. Thus, these results suggest that in dendritic cells, Tmem 176a and b are involved in the presentation of antigens and activation of naïve CD4* T cells
Ubby, Ifeoma. "Regulation of TMEM16A altrenatice splincing." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85994.
Full textAdomaviciene, Aiste. "TMEM16A channels : molecular physiology and pharmacological regulation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tmem16a-channels-molecular-physiology-and-pharmacological-regulation(681d1c72-3207-41f5-bd78-c6af0a6ccdf3).html.
Full textMeadows, Benjamin Roland Alexander. "Unravelling the cell adhesion defect in Meckel-Gruber syndrome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29380.
Full textBrookfield, Rebecca. "The pharmacology and cardiovascular function of TMEM16A channels." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-pharmacology-and-cardiovascular-function-of-tmem16a-channels(bdc16466-cecd-4343-9d40-b20bc647d70f).html.
Full textSCUDIERI, PAOLO. "Intermolecular Interactions in the TMEM16A Dimer Controlling Channel Activity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/929402.
Full textGyobu, Sayuri. "A role of TMEM16E carrying a scrambling domain in sperm motility." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215460.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医科学)
甲第19634号
医科博第72号
新制||医科||5(附属図書館)
32670
京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻
(主査)教授 近藤 玄, 教授 篠原 隆司, 教授 秋山 芳展
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Schwenk, Benjamin. "The FTLD risk factor TMEM106B controls lysosomal trafficking and dendrite outgrowth." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-181956.
Full textFrontotemporale Demenz ist die zweithäufigste Form neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen bei Menschen unter 65 Jahren. Patienten leiden an Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Sprach- sowie Artikulationsstörungen. Leider steht zurzeit keine wirksame medikamentöse Therapie zur Verfügung. Das pathologische Hauptmerkmal der meisten FTLD-Fälle sind zytoplasmatische Einschlüsse des DNA/RNA-bindenden Proteins TDP-43. Diese Fälle werden entsprechend als FTLD-TDP klassifiziert. Für einen Großteil der familiären FTLD-TDP Fälle sind Mutationen in GRN, dem für den Wachstumsfaktor Progranulin kodierenden Gen, verantwortlich. Die erste für FTLD-TDP durchgeführte genomweite Assoziationsstudie führte zur Entdeckung von genetischen Varianten im bis dato uncharakterisierten Gen TMEM106B. Diese Varianten sind mit einem erhöten Risiko an FTLD zu erkranken assoziiert. Initiale Studien in Zellkultur zeigten eine Lokalisierung des TMEM106B Proteins in Lysosomen, die Frage nach der neuronale Funktion des Proteins blieb allerdings bisher unbeantwortet. Auf diesen ersten Ergebnissen aufbauend untersuchte ich während meiner Dissertation die physiologische Funktion von TMEM106B in primären Ratten-neuronen. Ich konnte zeigen, dass endogenes TMEM106B auch in primären Neuronen in späten Endsosomen und Lysosomen lokalisiert ist. Beachtenswerterweise verminderte die Herunterregulierung (shRNA-vermittelter Gen-Knockdown) des Proteins weder das generelle Überleben der Neuronen noch die Level von anderen FTLD-assoziierten Proteinen, wie GRN oder TDP-43. Die Herunterregulierung von TMEM106B führte jedoch zu einem ausgeprägten Verlust von Dendriten in sich entwickelnden und ausgereiften Neuronen. Des Weiteren war die starke Beeinträchtigung dendritischen Wachstums und Aufrechterhaltung von einer morphologischen Veränderung und dem Verlust der Dornfortsätze begleitet. Um den Mechanismus dieser Phänotypen zu erklären, suchte ich nach TMEM106B coimmunopräzipitierenden Proteinen mittels Massenspektrometrie. Ich konnte das Mikrotubuli bindende Protein MAP6 als spezifischen Bindungspartner identifizieren und die Interaktion beider Proteine validieren. Hervorzuheben ist, dass die Überexpression von MAP6 in primären Neuronen den Effekt der Herunterregulation von TMEM106B auf die Dendriten kopierte und die Herunterregulation von MAP6 die dendritischen Verästelungen in TMEM106B depletierten Neuronen sogar wiederherstellen konnte. Diese Ergebnisse legen eine funktionelle Interaktion beider Proteine nahe. Die Verbindung zwischen einem lysosomalen und einem an die Mikrotubuli bindenden Protein brachte mich dazu, den Mikrotubuli abhängigen Transport von dendritischen Lysosomen zu untersuchen. Bemerkenswerterweise zeigten mittels Lebendzellmikroskopie erzeugte Aufnahmen eine erhöhte Bewegung dendritischer Lysosomen Richtung Zellsoma in TMEM106B depletierten Neuronen. Auch in diesem Kontext konnte die Überexpression von MAP6 den Effekt kopieren und die Herunterregulation von MAP6 den Effekt aufheben und somit die These einer funktionellen Interaktion festigen. Die MAP6 unabhängige Wiederherstellung des dendritischen Wachstums durch die Erhöhung des lysosomalen Transports in anterograder Richtung lieferte einen zusätzlichen Beweis dafür, dass das dendritische Wachstum direkt von lysosomalem Transport abhängt. Ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen schlage ich folgendes Modell vor: TMEM106B und MAP6 wirken zusammen als molekulare Bremse für den retrograden Transport dendritischer Lysosomen. Die Herunterregulation von TMEM106B und die (wahrscheinlich dominant negative wirkende) Überexpression von MAP6 lösen diese Bremse und verstärken die retrograde Bewegung von Lysosomen. Daraufhin könnten der gestiegene Proteinumsatz und der Verlust von Plasmamembranbestandteilen zu einem Fehler im dendritischen Wachstum führen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit legen nahe, dass fehlerhafter, lysosomaler Transport in TMEM106B Risikoallelträgern zu einer Verstärkung der lysosomalen Fehlfunktion in Patienten mit GRN Mutation führt und dabei zur Krankheitsentwicklung beiträgt. Zusammengefasst habe ich die erste neuronale Funktion für den FTLD-TDP Risikofaktor TMEM106B entdeckt: Dieses lysosomale Protein wirkt zusammen mit seinem neuentdeckten, Mikrotubuli assoziierten Bindungspartner MAP6 als molekulare Bremse für den dendritischen Transport von Lysosomen und kontrolliert dadurch Wachstum und Aufrechterhaltung von Dendriten.
Page, Henry Askew. "An investigation into the role of TMEM16A in the coronary vasculature." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.754073.
Full textShen, Xin. "Characterising the rhomboid-like protein TMEM115." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:171e08c3-15f1-4d09-ba59-01b2007f140c.
Full textKhan, Sajida. "Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation and TMEM165 : A new player in proteoglycan synthesis." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0155.
Full textCongenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) is a group of human genetic disorders with defects in biosynthesis (glycosylation) of glycoproteins. Recent studies have discovered TMEM 165 as a novel protein deficient in CDG patients presenting bone abnormalities, suggesting a role of TMEM 165 in chondrogenesis and skeletal development. Proteoglycans (PGs) play a key role in several biological processes including chondrocytes maturation, growth plate development and intracellular signaling. Alterations in the synthesis of PGs may contribute to skeletal defects observed in TMEM 165-deficient CDG patients. To determine the link, if any, between TMEM165 deficiency and the synthesis of PGs, and to study the molecular mechanisms involved, we generated TMEM165 knock-out pre-chondrogenic ATDC5 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Interestingly, we showed that the knockdown of TMEM165 in ATDC5 cells resulted in profound defects in the synthesis of PGs and mainly impaired polymerization of both heparin-sulfate and chondroitin-sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. Furthermore, we found that these defects can be overcome by supplying the cells with Mn2+. Similar results were observed in fibroblast cells from TMEM165-deficient CDG patient. These data suggest that TMEM165 is involved in the regulation of the homeostasis of Mn2+ which is used as a co-factor of Golgi glycosyltransferases and required for full enzyme activity. On the other hand, PGs play a key role in the regulation of TGFβ and BMP signaling. Given that these pathways regulate chondrogenesis and skeletal development their integrity was evaluated in TMEM 165-deficient ATDC5 cells and fibroblast from CDG patients. We demonstrated that TMEM165-deficiency functionally impairs TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways in both ATDC5 cells and human fibroblasts, suggesting a role in skeletal abnormalities observed in TMEM165-deficeint CDG patients. In addition, in vitro differentiation study of ATDC5 cells revealed that loss of TMEM165 expression promotes differentiation of ATDC5 cells towards hypertrophy, a process which may lead to premature chondrocyte maturation and to dwarfism observed in TMEM165-deficient CDG patients
Houdou, Marine. "Regulation of cellular Mn homeostasis : unexpected functions of TMEM165, SERCA and SPCA1." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2020/2020LILUS111.pdf.
Full textGlycosylation is a universal cellular process in all living organisms where monosaccharides are added one by one onto an acceptor molecule, most of the time a protein, a lipid or another monosaccharide. In eukaryotes, many glycosylation pathways occur simultaneously, resulting in the biosynthesis of a broad variety of glycan structures with different functions. In humans, if one -or more- glycosylation reactions are genetically impaired, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) appear. One of them, TMEM165-CDG, was identified in 2012 by our group and is at the heart of this work. Pathogenic mutations in TMEM165 gene cause severe glycosylation defects mainly characterized by hypo-galactosylated N-glycan structures. While characterizing these glycosylation abnormalities, a link has rapidly been established by the team between TMEM165 deficiency and Golgi manganese (Mn2+) homeostasis disruption. Therefore, and based on previous work, TMEM165 was assumed to act as a Ca2+/Mn2+ antiporter, allowing the import of Mn2+ into the Golgi lumen in order to sustain an adequate ionic environment, required for all glycosylation reactions. Interestingly, we also found that exogenous addition of Mn2+ in the culture medium of TMEM165 deficient cells completely rescues the N-glycosylation defects observed in these cells. Moreover, TMEM165, like Gdt1p its yeast ortholog, is a protein highly sensitive to Mn2+, being rapidly degraded via the lysosomal pathway in the presence of high Mn2+ concentrations. All in all, a close link exists between TMEM165/Gdt1p, Golgi Mn2+ homeostasis and Golgi glycosylation; the three major aspects focused in my PhD research. More precisely, my thesis focuses on (i) understanding the mechanisms of Mn2+-induced glycosylation rescue in TMEM165 deficient cells and (ii) the potential links between different key players acting in the regulation of the secretory pathway ionic homeostasis which are the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase SERCA2, TMEM165 and SPCA1 (Secretory Pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase), the only pump of the Golgi apparatus known to import both Ca2+ and Mn2+ in the Golgi lumen. Through the use of isogenic human cell lines knockout for either TMEM165 or ATP2C1 and yeasts lacking Gdt1p and/or Pmr1p, we highlighted three main concepts that closely link these proteins: TMEM165 (Gdt1p), SPCA1 (Pmr1p) and SERCA2. On the one hand, we demonstrated that the activity of SERCA pumps is crucial to sustain Golgi glycosylation reactions in absence of TMEM165 by their contribution in Mn2+ pumping and redistribution into the Golgi lumen. On the other hand, TMEM165 was found essential for maintaining Golgi glycosylation reactions in absence of both SPCA1 and when SERCA2 are inhibited by pharmacological agents. Moreover, we also shed light on the fact that expression and stability of TMEM165 (in humans) and Gdt1p (in yeast) were directly linked to the capacities of SPCA1 and Pmr1p to import Mn2+ into the Golgi lumen. Although differences exist between humans and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of our work illustrates the crucial importance of the ionic homeostasis of the Golgi apparatus to sustain Golgi glycosylation reactions
Ayoub, Christine. "Analyse de TMEM16A, un gène surexprimé dans les cancers des voies-aéro-digestives supérieures." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6279.
Full textThe TMEM16A gene was isolated by different display in our laboratory as a highly overexpressed transcript in head and neck tumours. This gene is located at the CCND1-EMS1 locus of human chromosome 11q13 that is amplified in cancer. We are interested in the study of the function of the TMEM16A gene. Bioinformatics’ research shows that this gene produces: 3 isoforms that code for 8 transmembrane domains proteins (8TM), 1 for a 5 transmembrane domains protein (5TM), 1 for a 7 transmembrane domains protein (7TM) and one for a 4TM. After the generation and testing of a serie of antibodies, we were able to show a higher protein expression of TMEM16A in tumour samples by immunohistochemistry. We also confirmed TMEM16A overexpression in tumors by TR-qPCR and Northern blot. We cloned cDNAs that code for the 7TM and 8TM forms. We then studies the effects of 8TM overexpression of TMEM16A deficient cell-line Hep-2, on cell cycle, proliferation and tumorigenicity. The overexpression of TMEM16A stimulated migration and invasion. Changes in cell adhesion and spreading were also noticed. Silencing TMEM16A in 8TM overexpressing clone (HEp-2 cell-line) decreases cell migration and leads to the restoration of the initial state (control clone). Silencing TMEM16A in SCC-25 carcinoma cells which have high endogenous level of TMEM16A also causes a significant decrease of cell migration. This gene, because of its expression on the cell surface, could be a promising target for cancer therapy
Jin, Xin. "Regulation of Ca2+ activated Cl- channel ANO1 (TMEM16A) by different Ca2+ sources in sensory neurons." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9246/.
Full textSoulard, Claire. "Rôle du canal chlorure activé par le calcium TMEM16F dans la motricité et implication dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT008/document.
Full textSpinal motoneurons have a prominent place in motor system. Motoneurons integrate all inputs from the central and peripheral nervous systems to construct a motor output adapted to the organism's demands and environmental constraints. In particular, recruitment threshold and firing frequency are key motoneuronal parameters in developing an appropriate signal regarding task-dependent demands. During muscle activity, motor units are orderly recruited beginning with slow-type (S) motor units for posture maintenance, followed by fast-type motor units for moderate intensity tasks (FR) and high intensity tasks (FF). Our study highlights a new factor involved in the regulation of motoneuron excitability. This refers to a calcium-activated chloride channel called TMEM16F, specifically expressed in α motoneurons at cholinergic C-bouton synapse. Likewise C-boutons, TMEM16F is required for the procution of high intensity effort. Indeed, in accordance with electrophysiological recordings showing an increase in recruitment threshold of fast TMEM16F-/- motoneurons, TMEM16F loss of function induces motor defects during an effort.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to the selective death of motoneurons. Among the pathological processes already described, we know that motoneuronal excitability and calcium homeostasis are major features in ALS progression. Those are vulnerability factors which contribute to sequential degeneration starting with FF motoneurons and followed by FR motoneurons. Given the TMEM16F sensitivity to calcium and its involvement in regulating motoneuron excitability, we inhibited its expression in a SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and conducted a longitudinal study. It highlights a gender-dependent protective effect of TMEM16F loss
Schwenk, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Haass. "The FTLD risk factor TMEM106B controls lysosomal trafficking and dendrite outgrowth / Benjamin Schwenk. Betreuer: Christian Haass." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070763039/34.
Full textForst, Maik der [Verfasser], and Heimo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehmke. "Die Relevanz des vaskulären TMEM16A für die Blutdruckregulation bei kreislaufwirksamen Bedingungen / Maik der Forst ; Betreuer: Heimo Ehmke." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624949/34.
Full textJeremiah, Nadia. "In search of monogenic forms of lupus : description of a new monogenic inflammatory autoimmune syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB160.
Full textLupus is a complex systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens predominantly afflicting women of childbearing age. The disease is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous and this has greatly limited progress in understanding disease pathogenesis. In this project, we utilize next generation sequencing technology such as “Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)” to explore the genetics of lupus at the level of individual families. Furthermore, we focused on a rare subgroup of lupus patients, which develop the disease in childhood and usually present with a more severe clinical phenotype compared to the adult-onset form. We hypothesized that this subgroup would be enriched for monogenic forms of the disease. Thus, we recruited several families with early-onset in the proband and at least one other familial member presenting with lupus or associated autoimmune disease. WES was performed and the validation of the gene identified by this strategy is described. We identified a familial gain of function dominant mutation in TMEM173, encoding STING, a key adaptor molecule in the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and Type-I interferon (IFN-I) production. The four affected family members demonstrate a systemic inflammatory and autoimmune condition, including lupus, with variable clinical expression. Structural modeling initially predicted a stabilized dimerization of the mutant STING and thereby a constitutive activation. In agreement with this, we found that the STING mutant spontaneously localizes in the Golgi of patient fibroblasts, and is constitutively active in the absence of its ligand in vitro. Accordingly, we observed elevated serum interferon activity and a IFN-I signature in peripheral blood. We have also identified several other patients with activating STING mutations presenting with vascular inflammation and or pulmonary fibrosis, and two patients received a treatment targeting the IFN-I signaling pathway. This discovery highlights the key role of STING in human immune homeostasis and its implication in severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, leading to new and more specific therapeutical approaches. Beyond these important findings with regards to patients, this work suggests that rare deleterious variants can describe the genetic cause of autoimmune pathologies previously defined as complex diseases
Dulary, Eudoxie. "N-glycosylation et pathologies associées : étude de deux acteurs majeurs Man2C1 et Gdt1." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10048/document.
Full textN-glycosylation is a complex process localized in two cellular subcompartiments, the Endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. N-glycans are involved in physiological functions such as cell-cell interactions and also in the folding of N-glycoproteins newly synthesized. Disturbances of N-glycosylation process can lead to pathologies such as cancer or Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation.In the first part of my work, we studied the role of Man2C1 in prostate cancer genesis. Man2C1 is a glycosidase involved in the Endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). We pointed out the transfer of incomplete Man5Gn2 and Man9Gn2 oligosaccharide precursors and a decrease of N-linked glycan antennary profiles in prostate cancer cell lines. However, neither direct link between Man2C1 expression level, nor catalytic activity of Man2C1 and the level of activation of Akt pathway in prostate cancer cell lines have been demonstrated. In the second part of my work we analyzed the involvement of Gdt1p in N-glycosylation process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TMEM165 is a Golgi localized protein whose impairment leads to CDG type II. My study was based on TMEM165 ortholog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gdt1p. We analyzed the involvement of Gdt1p in Glycosylation process using Pmr1p mutants, the only one Ca2+/Mn2+ transporter known in the Golgi apparatus. Our study has demonstrated that the glycosylation defect observed is due to a disturbance in manganese Golgi homeostasis and needs calcium gradient of golgi saccules. Our study confirmed Mn2+ transport function of Gdt1p and suggested an Ca2+/Mn2+ function for Gdt1p
Lebredonchel, Elodie. "Etude de la fonction de TMEM165 dans la glycosylation golgienne et de sa dégradation induite par le manganèse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S103.
Full textCongenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of rare genetic diseases affecting the process of glycans biosynthesis. In 2012, a new subtype of CDG type II was discovered, TMEM165-CDG, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding TMEM165, a transmembrane protein. This protein is localized in the Golgi apparatus and might be the major Golgi manganese importer. The glycosylation defect observed in TMEM165-CDG results of a lack of manganese in this compartment, that is restored by manganese supplementation. Interestingly, high manganese concentrations lead to the degradation of TMEM165 in the lysosomes.During my PhD, we have identified the amino acids of TMEM165 implied in the function in glycosylation and its manganese sensitivity, essentially the two signature motifs of the UPF0016 family. We also demonstrated the first evidence of a functional link between TMEM165 and SPCA1, a Golgi calcium/manganese pump. The absence of SPCA1 targets TMEM165 to the lysosomes for degradation
Benedetto, Roberta [Verfasser], and Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Kunzelmann. "Modulation of TMEM16 proteins: a novel therapeutic approach to Cystic Fibrosis therapy / Roberta Benedetto ; Betreuer: Karl Kunzelmann." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189905515/34.
Full textBosch, Michaela [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Wurst, and Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Lickert. "Generation and analysis of FUS and TMEM106B mouse models / Michaela Bosch. Betreuer: Wolfgang Wurst. Gutachter: Wolfgang Wurst ; Heiko Lickert." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080299351/34.
Full textMaher, Geoffrey. "Characterisation of transmembrane protein 114 (TMEM114), a protein associated with juvenile onset cataract." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterisation-of-transmembrane-protein-114-tmem114-a-protein-associated-with-juvenile-onset-cataract(baf638e9-d130-4a5e-a74a-ac0ce7824d51).html.
Full textPotelle, Sven. "TMEM165 : un nouvel acteur de la régulation de l’homéostasie golgienne du Mn2+, impliqué dans les anomalies congénitales de la glycosylation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10149/document.
Full textCongenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are severe inherited diseases in which aberrant protein glycosylation is a hallmark. From this genetically and clinically heterogeneous group, a significant subgroup due to Golgi homeostasis defects is emerging. Our team previously identified TMEM165 as a Golgi protein involved in CDG. But despite strong efforts, the biological and cellular functions of TMEM165 were not known so far. During my thesis, we highlighted that Golgi Mn2+ homeostasis was impaired due to TMEM165 deficiency. While strong glycosylation defects, especially galactosylation defects, were observed in TMEM165 depleted cells, we discovered that Mn2+ supplementation was sufficient to fully restore a normal glycosylation. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that the observed glycosylation defects in mammalian cells could be overcome by galactose supplementation. Strong of this observation, oral galactose supplementation in TMEM165 deficient patients was assayed and this treatment was proven to significantly improve biochemical and clinical parameters. Moreover, we highlighted TMEM165 as a novel Golgi protein whose stability is altered in the presence of high manganese concentration. Indeed, we showed that exposure to high Mn2+ concentrations led to a rapid lysosomal degradation of TMEM165. Altogether, our study points TMEM165 as (i) a key player in Golgi glycosylation by finely regulating Golgi Mn2+ homeostasis and (ii) a novel Golgi protein sensitive to manganese
Heinze, Christoph [Verfasser], Christian A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hübner, Aria [Akademischer Betreuer] Baniahmad, and Heimo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehmke. "Die Bedeutung des calciumaktivierten Chloridkanals TMEM16A in vaskulären glatten Muskelzellen / Christoph Heinze. Gutachter: Christian A. Hübner ; Aria Baniahmad ; Heimo Ehmke." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076038409/34.
Full textSonneville, Florence. "Régulation du canal chlorure ANO1 par les miARN et stratégie thérapeutique dans la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066470/document.
Full textCystic Fibrosis (CF) is the consequence of the mutation of the chloride channel CFTR. One of the therapeutic strategy proposed in CF to compensate the CFTR deficiency is to stimulate others chlorides channels. In 2008, the channel ANO1 was identified as CaCC (calcium-activated chloride channel) and then proposed as a therapeutic target in CF. Previous works from our lab have shown that ANO1 activity and expression are reduced in the CF context compared to non CF. Mechanisms of ANO1 regulation being unknown, the objectives of this work were to study ANO1 regulation by microRNA. First, we identified a microRNA, miR-9, which is overexpressed in CF cells and directly regulates ANO1. We have then shown that ANO1 regulation by miR-9 induces decreases of ANO1 expression and activity, and migration rate of cells. In the context of CF, it seems more interesting to increase ANO1 expression in order to increase the chloride efflux, we thus designed a target site blocker (TSB ANO1) which prevents miR-9 fixation on ANO1. In different models in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that our TSB ANO1 increases ANO1 expression, ANO1 activity and migration rate of cells. These results suggest that ANO1 TSB could be considered as an interesting therapeutic target in CF
Mrschtik, Michaela. "Characterisation of the role of DRAM-related TMEM150 proteins in cancer cell survival, cell death and autophagy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7932/.
Full textWu, Yu. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Adipogenesis-related Genes." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1229546422.
Full textFrost, Sarah-Kathrine [Verfasser]. "Mutationssuche im NPHP1-, CEP290- und TMEM67-Gen bei Patienten mit Joubert-Syndrom / Sarah-Kathrine Frost." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033389714/34.
Full textDettmer, Ulf. "Identification of the transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) as a novel component of the Nicalin-NOMO membrane protein complex." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-119334.
Full textGutzmann, Jakob [Verfasser]. "Characterization of Tmem128 – An activity regulated ER protein, interacting with the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 / Jakob Gutzmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041874472/34.
Full textRoy, Anne-Sophie. "Etude du lien fonctionnel entre deux régulateurs de l'homéostasie golgienne du Ca2+ et du Mn2+, TMEM165 et SPCA1, dans un modèle pathologique, la maladie de Hailey-Hailey." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S110.
Full textSPCA1 is a P-type ATPase that transports a Ca2+ ion or a Mn2+ ion from the cytosol to the Golgi lumen by hydrolyzing one molecule of ATP. Another protein seems to be involved in the regulation of Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis, namely TMEM165. Mutations in the ATP2C1 gene, encoding SPCA1 protein, and in the TMEM165 gene, encoding the protein of the same name, cause two different pathologies : a skin disease called Hailey-Hailey and a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), respectively. While nothing seemed to link these two proteins, our results suggest a functional link. We have demonstrated, in two different cell lines (HeLa cells and fibroblasts), that SPCA1 and TMEM165 are close to each other within the Golgi apparatus. In addition, the function of SPCA1 appears to govern the expression of TMEM165. The latter is sensitive to cytosolic Mn2+ concentrations. In fibroblasts and keratinocytes of patients with Hailey-Hailey disease, in the presence of high concentrations of extracellular Mn2+, the expression of TMEM165 is much more sensitive to Mn2+ than in control cells. Using ICP-MS, we measured cellular Mn levels and found greater Mn accumulation in patient cells compared to control cells. Thanks to GPP130, a protein sensitive to the concentrations of Golgi Mn2+ concentrations, we have linked this higher accumulation of Mn2+ in the cells of patients with an increase of the Mn2+ concentration in the cytosol of these cells. In addition, SPCA1 also interacts with Cab45, a protein that binds Ca2+ in the Golgi, and both are involved in a novel way of proteins sorting at the TGN. We have shown, for the first time that the subcellular localization of Cab45 is disturbed in presence of higher concentration of MnCl2 in the culture medium of HHD fibroblasts compared to control fibroblasts. To date, we don’t know the molecular mechanism involved in this loss of Cab45 localization induced by Mn2+.Another evidence is the observation of the increase in the amount of SPCA1 which is concomitant with the degradation of TMEM165 in the presence of high concentrations of MnCl2 in the culture medium of HeLa cells and fibroblasts. This increase is probably due to a transcriptional increase in the ATP2C1 gene. In addition, we have shown that when the expression of one of these proteins is reduced by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the expression of the other is disrupted. All of these data tend to suggest a functional link between SPCA1 and TMEM165, two regulators of Mn2+ and Ca2+ homeostasis
Thurner, Lorenz [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfreundschuh. "Tm4SF2 und Iysosomales TMEM9B : Neue Zielantigene von B-Zell-Rezeptoren in Wegener Granulomen / Lorenz Thurner. Betreuer: Michael Pfreundschuh." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1051326567/34.
Full textDrujont, Lucile. "Étude de nouveaux acteurs de l'immunité de type 17 à travers l'exploration du rôle des canaux ioniques TMEM176A et B dans les cellules RORγt+." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=36471303-ef4e-453c-94a1-59fb808e17a9.
Full textThe nuclear hormone receptor RORγt is the key transcription factor that orchestrates the differentiation of Th17 cells but also defines γƠT17 cells and group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC3s). We identified TMEM176B, a fourspan transmembrane protein that interacts with its structurally identical homolog protein TMEM176A. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that TMEM176A and B function as cation channels and can heteromerize to exert their function. Strikingy, these two homologs were found among the few direct targets of RORγt. We show that both genes are highly expressed in in vitro-generated mouse Th17 cells compared to Th1, Th2 or iTregs. We also observed that human Th17 cells strongly express TMEM176A and B mRNA, correlating with the level of RORC or IL17A. We further demonstrate that Tmem176a and b are highly expressed in ILC3s and γƠT17 cells. We thus hypothesized that these genes could play a crucial role in the development of a variety of autoimmune diseases dependent on RORγt+ cells. In this regard, Tmem176bdeficient mice were partially but significantly protected from psoriasis-like lesions when compared to control mice. These results suggest that the deletion of both genes may be required to clearly elucidate their role. We have successfully generated a double KO mouse and started to assess the impact of this double deficiency in the steady states as well as in models of inflammation. In parallel, we found that TMEM176A and B protein localizations are strongly linked to the Golgi apparatus, thus highlighting novel potential mechanisms of post-translational modifications or intracellular trafficking in which these cation channels could be involved. We believe that the study of TMEM176A and B will help decipher novel specific pathways of the RORYt+ cell biology that could be therapeutically manipulated
Maharzi, Nesrine. "Etude moléculaire des étapes précoces de la thymopoïése humaine. Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines AF1q et TMEM131L." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077248.
Full textFROECHLICH, GUENDALINA. "DISSECTING THE STING-DEPENDENT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL OF COMBINED TREATMENT WITH TUMOUR-TARGETED HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS AND IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/883382.
Full textMelki, Isabelle. "Clinical and molecular characterisation of type I interferonopathies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB122/document.
Full textType I interferons (IFN I) are antiviral cytokines with potent properties. Hence, the induction, transmission and resolution of the immune response generated by IFN I is tightly regulated. The concept of the type I interferonopathies, recently formulated by our team, rests on the assumption that some diseases arise from a disturbance of this complex signalling pathway, leading to excessive and inappropriate IFN I secretion. On this basis, targeted therapeutics should improve or cure features of such type I interferonopathies, thereby providing a validation of the underlying hypothesis. This PhD project initially focused on the clinical and biological characterisation of monogenic and polygenic interferonopathies, and secondarily on the molecular identification of novel mutations in the gene TMEM173 causing the interferonopathy called STING associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), an auto-inflammatory syndrome with severe cutaneous and pulmonary features. Our selection of patients in comparison to healthy controls was made possible through the use of novel screening tools: IFN signature (qPCR of 6 IFN stimulated genes – ISGs), and measurement of IFN alpha protein levels in serum or plasma (SIMOA-single molecule array - enabling the detection of molecules of IFN in the femtogram [10-18g]) range. In this way, we have been able to expand the phenotypic spectrum of the interferonopathies, which was initially considered as primarily neurological. Patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), the first described of the monogenic interferonopathies, exhibit dystonia, spasticity, developmental delay, intra-cranial calcifications and white matter abnormalities. However, the systematic use of our interferon screening assays, plus the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, has revealed a much broader set of features relevant to this novel disease grouping – involving the skin (chilblains, necrotising vasculitis, scleroderma), lungs (isolated lung interstitial disease or associated with other signs), musculoskeletal system (joint pain, arthritis, Jaccoud’s arthropathy, muscle pain and myositis), eyes (glaucoma), kidneys (lupus nephritis) and gastro-intestinal tract (early inflammatory bowel disease), as well features of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. Using our screening assays enabled us to identify three patients variably exhibiting the core features of SAVI, all of whom were found to harbour distinct novel activating mutations in STING. These mutations highlight a protein domain not previously implicated in the control of IFN I signalling. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum protein, acting as a cytosolic adaptor of intracellular sensors of viral DNA in the type I IFN signalling pathway. STING activates TANK-binding kinase (TBK1), allowing transcription of IFN I through phosphorylation of IRF3. Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) are activated following stimulation of the IFN I receptor, leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2 and the subsequent induction of a large number of ISGs. Genetic analysis, conformational studies, an in vitro cellular model (HEK293T) and ex vivo experimental data (using patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMCs) enabled us to confirm the constitutive activating nature of these variants, and show that this activation did not require binding with cGAMP, but was dependent on signalling through TBK1. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, could antagonise this constitutive activation ex vivo. These results indicate a promising therapeutic approach in such patients, and more widely in the monogenic, and perhaps even, polygenic, interferonopathy context
Crutzen, Raphaël. "Caractérisation et régulation du transport transmembranaire des ions Cl- dans les cellules β pancréatiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/235774.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Miles, Anna Louise. "V-ATPase regulation of Hypoxia Inducible transcription Factors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283217.
Full textFrémond, Marie-Louise. "Clinical and molecular characterisation of the type I interferonopathies and approaches to therapy Efficacy of the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the treatment of vasculopathy associated with TMEM173-activating mutations in three children Blockade of TANK-binding kinase 1/IKKε mutant stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB098.
Full textThe term 'type I interferonopathies', first coined in 2011, refers to a set of Mendelian disorders associated with constitutive up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN) signalling. All of the genes associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), the first Mendelian type I interferonopathy described, have been implicated in either the processing or sensing of nucleic acids. Beyond AGS, the other mutated proteins associated with type I interferonopathies have a direct, indirect, or currently undefined action on nucleic acid signalling. Type I IFNs drive the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) through the engagement of a common receptor and the subsequent activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and tyrosine kinase 2, and phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Our team has developed diagnostic tools to identify type I interferonopathies, comprising a so-called IFN signature, involving the assessment of mRNA expression of 6 ISGs and, more recently, a high sensitivity assay of IFN alpha protein using single molecule array technology. Monogenic mutations so far recognised as type I interferonopathies are associated with a wide spectrum of phenotype. The hallmark of these diseases is their significant morbidity and mortality, associated with an apparent absence of response to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. Activating mutations in TMEM173, encoding stimulator of IFN genes (STING), cause a severe inflammatory condition referred to as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), characterised by skin vasculopathy and interstitial lung disease leading to end-stage respiratory failure. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein STING is a central component of DNA sensing that induces type I IFNs through phosphorylation of IRF3. An international cohort of 20 STING patients is reported in this thesis, emphasising the clinical heterogeneity of this condition. We also investigated the link between heterozygous mutations in COPA and type I IFN signalling. COPA encodes the alpha subunit of the 7 member coatomer complex I, involved in retrograde transport from the golgi to the ER. Heterozygous mutations in COPA cause a phenotype showing some overlap with SAVI, and are associated with increased ER stress and priming of a Th17 response. However, the precise pathophysiology of this disease is so far undefined. We have studied a group of 8 patients illustrating the phenotypic variability of this emerging disease. We observed commonalities in the lung pathology in COPA and SAVI, as well as an IFN signature, raised levels of IFN alpha in the serum and phosphorylation of STAT1 in patient T cells. In a cellular model, phosphorylation of IRF3 and increased ISG expression were observed in cells co-transfected with wild type STING and mutant COPA plasmids, suggesting that mutations in COPA lead to constitutive activation of type IFN signalling through STING. We reported, for the first time, the successful use of a JAK1 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in the context of SAVI. We observed a marked clinical effect, which was mirrored by the results of in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Because of the severity of SAVI, we also aimed to evaluate alternative therapeutic approaches to block type I IFN signalling and showed that IKK inhibition efficiently abrogated in vitro constitutive activation of type I IFN production and signalling in cells from STING patients. Considering the promising results of JAK1 blockade in SAVI, we then trialled ruxolitinib in other monogenic type I interferonopathies (TREX1, COPA) and in a child with severe dermatomyositis, a disease where type I IFN has been suggested to play a key pathogenic role
Simões, Filipa Bica. "Role of CFTR and TMEM16 for regulated cell death." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25214.
Full textA morte celular programada é um mecanismo homeostático que desempenha um papel complementar à mitose na manutenção de uma população estável de células nos tecidos e órgãos. Este programa é ativado diariamente, removendo milhões de células danificadas ou envelhecidas. A apoptose é considerada a forma predominante de morte celular programada, garantindo a eliminação silenciosa de células, isto é, sem ativação do sistema imune. Durante a apoptose, as células sofrem uma grande variedade de modificações morfológicas e bioquímicas. Estas alterações são em grande parte mediadas por uma família de proteases conhecida por caspases. As caspases são normalmente expressas como precursores inativos ou procaspases, que adquirem atividade proteolítica na presença de um determinado estímulo. Depois de ativos, estas enzimas clivam outras procaspases, proteínas essenciais e ADN, sendo assim responsáveis pela amplificação da cascata apoptótica. A clivagem de todos estes substratos resulta na alteração fenotípica das células apoptóticas, as quais passam a apresentar uma redução no seu volume (shrinkage), condensação de cromatina e formação de protrusões na membrana plasmática (blebbing). A composição fosfolipídica da membrana plasmática é também afetada durante a apoptose. Numa célula viável, a bicamada lipídica é assimétrica: a fosfatidilserina (PS) e a fosfatidiletanolamina (PE) estão presentes no folheto interno, enquanto a fosfatidilcolina (PC) e a esfingomielina (SM) localizam-se no folheto externo. Esta assimetria é destruída pelo transporte bidirecional de fosfolípidos através da membrana plasmática, mediado por scramblases (scrambling). Particularmente, durante a apoptose, a PS é movida do folheto interno para o folheto externo, o que serve de sinal para a fagocitose das células apoptóticas, um processo essencial para a manutenção da integridade do hospedeiro. A Anoctamina 6 (ANO6) é uma proteína ubíqua e multifuncional pertencente a uma família proteica formada por dez membros homólogos entre si (ANO1-10; TMEM16 A-K). Esta é identificada como um canal de cloreto regulado por volume e ativado por cálcio (do inglês: Calcium activated Chloride Channel – CaCC), canal catiónico não seletivo, componente do ORCC (do inglês: Outwardly Rectifying Chloride Channel) e scramblase de fosfolípidos ativada por cálcio. A ANO6 participa numa enorme variedade de processos biológicos, tais como a coagulação sanguínea, desenvolvimento do esqueleto, regulação do volume e migração celular, entre outros. A identificação da ANO6 como uma scramblase de fosfolípidos levantou várias questões acerca do seu envolvimento na apoptose. Diferentes estudos indicam que esta proteína contribui para este processo como um canal iónico, participando eventualmente no shrinkage das células e na ativação de caspases. No entanto, no que diz respeito à sua função como scramblase, o papel da ANO6 é ainda incerto. O CFTR (do inglês: Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) é um canal de cloreto regulado por cAMP (Adenosina de monofosfato cíclico), expresso na membrana apical de células epiteliais do intestino, pâncreas, vias respiratórias e glândulas sudoríparas. Mutações no gene que codifica para esta proteína são a causa da Fibrose Quística, a doença mortal autossómica recessiva responsável pelo maior número de mortes na população caucasiana. Apesar da enorme diversidade de variantes de mutações identificadas (cerca de 1.500), a deleção de um resíduo de fenilalanina (F) no codão 508 localizado no cromossoma 7 (ΔF508) é encontrada em 90% dos pacientes com Fibrose Quística. Esta mutação resulta num folding aberrante do CFTR e consequentemente um defeito no seu tráfego do retículo endoplasmático para a membrana plasmática. A Fibrose Quística é principalmente caracterizada por uma por uma perturbação da homeostase iónica e fluídica. De entre os variados sintomas encontrados nos pacientes afetados, destaca-se a produção excessiva de muco espesso, infeções persistentes nas vias respiratórias pela bactéria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infertilidade masculina e insuficiência pancreática e intestinal. Apesar dos esforços contínuos em compreender o CFTR a um nível funcional e molecular, a Fibrose Quística continua a ser considerada uma doença letal. A atenuação dos sintomas permitiu aumentar a esperança média de vida para cerca de 37 anos. No entanto, a doença pulmonar crónica e a resultante perda de função pulmonar continuam a ser os principais problemas por resolver, sendo responsáveis por 80% da mortalidade. Curiosamente, o CFTR foi previamente descrito como um regulador do estado redox intracelular, da acidificação do citoplasma e organelos e dos níveis de ceramida nas jangadas lipídicas, três processos determinantes para a apoptose e possivelmente responsáveis pela disfunção apoptótica encontrada na Fibrose Quística. Apesar de algumas observações não serem coerentes, a maioria dos estudos defende que mutações no CFTR aumentam a suscetibilidade das células para uma morte necrótica. Contrariamente ao que se sucede na apoptose, durante a necrose os componentes celulares são libertados para os tecidos circundantes e o sistema imune é ativado. Desta forma, especula-se que esta disfunção pode contribuir para as inflamações persistentes que caracterizam a Fibrose Quística. A interação do CFTR com outros canais e proteínas transportadoras tem sido tópico de investigação ao longo dos anos. De entre as proteínas identificadas, destaca-se o ORCC, um canal inativo em células viáveis e envolvido no shrinkage e scrambling de fosfolípidos durante a apoptose. Em 2010 Martins et. al identificou a ANO6 como componente do ORCC, existindo uma possível interação entre esta proteína e o CFTR. Tendo em conta todas estas evidências, o objetivo deste projeto foi o estudo da relação entre a ANO6 e o CFTR durante a morte celular programada. Particularmente, o trabalho focou-se na apoptose induzida por ROS (do inglês: Reactive Oxygen Species), uma vez que o CFTR é descrito como um regulador do estado redox intracelular. A primeira fase deste projeto baseou-se no estudo do impacto dos ROS na atividade da ANO6, não só em termos de corrente elétrica, mas também no que diz respeito à sua função de scramblase. Com este objetivo, a expressão endógena da ANO6 foi manipulada em células HEK293 e HeLa e a sua função foi analisada por patch clamp ou citometria de fluxo, após tratamento com diferentes indutores de stress oxidativo. Os resultados demonstraram que a ANO6 é ativada por ROS, transportando cloreto e catiões para o espaço extracelular no início da apoptose, um evento que contribui para o shrinkage das células. À medida que a via apoptótica avança, a ANO6 passa também a funcionar como scramblase, movendo a PS para o folheto externo da membrana plasmática. Como o silenciamento da ANO6 não diminuiu a morte celular, é concluído que esta proteína não é absolutamente essencial para a apoptose mediada por ROS. No entanto, esta observação não é surpreendente, visto que a morte celular programada é um processo essencial em qualquer sistema biológico, dependendo de uma grande variedade de moléculas e componentes. Assim, é muito provável que uma célula que não expresse a ANO6 compense este defeito com outras proteínas. A segunda parte deste trabalho focou-se na importância do CFTR para apoptose mediada por ROS e a identificação de uma possível interação funcional entre esta proteína e a ANO6. Estudos de co-expressão em células HEK293 revelaram que a presença das duas proteínas aumenta a corrente elétrica induzida por ROS e intensifica o scrambling de fosfolípidos durante a apoptose. Curiosamente, a co-expressão da ANO6 e do CFTR revelou ser suficiente para induzir uma apoptose significativa em condições controlo. Adicionalmente, a linha celular CFBE estavelmente transfetada com CFTR wt ou ΔF508 foi escolhida como uma ferramenta para o estudo da influência da mutação mais proeminente da Fibrose Quística na apoptose. A indução de stress oxidativo nas duas linhas celulares demonstrou que a expressão do CFTR wt intensifica a apoptose, um fenómeno independente da abertura do poro e ativação do canal. Em suma, este estudo permitiu demonstrar que a ANO6 e o CFTR cooperam durante a apoptose mediada por ROS. Estas duas proteínas revelaram ter uma relação funcional no que diz respeito à ativação de uma corrente iónica e também ao scrambling de fosfolípidos. É especulado que a expressão do CFTR na membrana plasmática aumenta a atividade da ANO6, envolvida nestes dois fenómenos apoptóticos. No entanto, é também provável que o contrário seja verdade, visto que a ANO6 foi já identificada como componente das correntes induzidas por cAMP em células que expressam o CFTR. A compreensão do papel da ANO6 e do CFTR durante a morte celular programada pode servir de motor para obter uma nova visão acerca da disfunção apoptótica encontrada na Fibrose Quística e, eventualmente, desenvolver novas terapias como tentativa de atenuar o processo inflamatório.
Regulated or programmed cell death is defined as an intracellular program that plays a complementary role to mitosis in maintaining a stable population of cells. Apoptosis is the main form of regulated cell death, allowing the silent elimination of harmed or aged cells without triggering any inflammatory response. Anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F) is a multifunctional protein from a family of ten members, identified as an endogenous Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC). Apart from its function as a CaCC, ANO6 is also described as a volume-regulated and outwardly rectifying Cl- channel (ORCC), a non-selective cation channel and a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase. It has an ubiquitous expression, being involved in many physiological processes including apoptosis. Nonetheless, ANO6 role in this process is not entirely understood. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-gated Cl- channel expressed in the apical membrane of epithelial cells from the intestine, pancreas, airways and sweat glands, where it is responsible to maintain ion and fluid homeostasis. Moreover, it regulates the intracellular redox status, acidification and ceramide content in lipid rafts, three different functions that may explain CFTR involvement in apoptosis. Mutations in the CFTR gene are the cause for Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the most common life-threatening autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians. Understanding ANO6 and CFTR role in regulated cell death may help to overcome the apoptotic dysfunction found in Cystic Fibrosis. Here it is shown that ANO6 is activated by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) during apoptosis, acting as a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, non-selective cation channel and phospholipid scramblase in different in vitro systems. The channel has a dual contribution for this process, transporting ions to the extracellular space and mediating phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in the outer membrane leaflet. Furthermore, a CFTR contribution to ROS-mediated apoptosis was found in CFBE cells, a mechanism independent of pore opening and channel stimulation. Co-expression studies of ANO6 and CFTR in HEK293 cells revealed a functional relationship of these proteins during ROS-mediated apoptosis not only in terms of whole-cell current but also regarding phospholipid scrambling. A possible interaction between ANO6 and CFTR is also proposed to explain why cells overexpressing both proteins have an enhanced spontaneous and ROS-induced apoptosis. Exposure of cells to oxidative stress and consequent ROS production leads to mitochondrial permeabilization, release of Ca2+ and pro-apoptotic proteins, responsible for caspase cleavage. These events terminate with ANO6 activation, which may support cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling, two apoptotic hallmarks enhanced in the presence of CFTR.
Tsai, Shing Hui, and 蔡幸慧. "Identification and Characterization of Cellular Roles of Tmem63b." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z7p6wj.
Full textJuan, Hsin Wei, and 阮信瑋. "Functional roles of Tmem63b Gene and Its Editing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ax8v6.
Full textChinenkova, Milana [Verfasser]. "Isolation and functional characterization of the osteoblast specific gene, Tmem16f / vorgelegt von Milana Chinenkova." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008707023/34.
Full textChea, Evelyn. "Regulation of Planar Cell Polarity and Vangl2 Trafficking by Tmem14a." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33371.
Full textLi, Yi Hua, and 李宜樺. "Functional and Mechanistic Characterization of Tmem63b Gene and Its Editing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x9m68k.
Full textHsia, Ting Nan, and 夏庭楠. "Functional role of Tmem63b A-to-I RNA editing event in endocytosis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xep6qg.
Full textDettmer, Ulf [Verfasser]. "Identification of the transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) as a novel component of the Nicalin-NOMO membrane protein complex / Ulf Dettmer." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1006652523/34.
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