Academic literature on the topic 'TM POLARIZATION'

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Journal articles on the topic "TM POLARIZATION"

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Gao, Chenhao, Bo Wang, Hongtao Li, Kunhua Wen, Ziming Meng, Qu Wang, Xiangjun Xing, Li Chen, Liang Lei, and Jinyun Zhou. "Modes simulation and numerical optimization of encapsulated connecting-layer grating for high efficiency." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 31 (November 10, 2018): 1850386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503864.

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We propose and investigate a polarization-independent high-efficiency encapsulated subwavelength grating with a connecting layer in this paper. Numerical simulated method of rigorous coupled-wave analysis is adopted for optimization. Based on the simulated precise results, a simplified modal method is used to give perspicuous physical propagating fundamentals and explain wideband performance in the grating, where the coupled efficiencies by means of the simplified modal method are to be in conformity with the calculated values of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for TE and TM polarizations. Compared with the researched surface-relief polarization-independent single-port grating, efficiencies are improved with 98.1% for TE polarization and 98.2% for TM polarization. Hence, the novel gratings with some superiorities are suitable for promising photonic devices.
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Cammarata, Simone, Andrea Fontana, Ali Emre Kaplan, Samuele Cornia, Thu Ha Dao, Cosimo Lacava, Valeria Demontis, et al. "Polarization Control in Integrated Graphene-Silicon Quantum Photonics Waveguides." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 8739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248739.

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We numerically investigated the use of graphene nanoribbons placed on top of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides for light polarization control in silicon photonic-integrated waveguides. We found that two factors mainly affected the polarization control: the graphene chemical potential and the geometrical parameters of the waveguide, such as the waveguide and nanoribbon widths and distance. We show that the graphene chemical potential influences both TE and TM polarizations almost in the same way, while the waveguide width tapering enables both TE-pass and TM-pass polarizing functionalities. Overall, by increasing the oxide spacer thickness between the silicon waveguide and the top graphene layer, the device insertion losses can be reduced, while preserving a high polarization extinction ratio.
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Patsamanis, Georgios, Dimitra Ketzaki, Dimitrios Chatzitheocharis, and Konstantinos Vyrsokinos. "Design and Optimization of a Compact Ultra-Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter for the SCL-Band Based on a Thick Silicon Nitride Platform." Photonics 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080552.

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The polarization beam splitter is an essential photonic integrated circuit in applications where a high-performing on-chip polarization diversity scheme is required. The lower refractive index contrast of the silicon nitride material platform compared to silicon-on-insulator constitutes the separation of polarized light states a challenging task since for this purpose a large difference between the effective refractive indices of the fundamental TE and TM modes is highly desirable. In this paper, we present the design and optimization analysis of an ultra-broadband polarization beam splitter based on a thick silicon nitride platform through extensive 3D-FDTD simulations. The proposed device exploits two different Si3N4 thicknesses that enable the discrimination of the two polarizations at the proximity of an 800 nm thick slot and a 470 nm thick strip waveguide via directional coupling. The proposed two-stage PBS achieves higher than 30.6 dB polarization extinction ratio (PER) for both TE and TM polarizations across a 130 nm span at the SCL-band. The dimensions of the PBS are 94 × 14 μm2 and the insertion losses are calculated to be lower than 0.8 dB for both polarizations. The fabrication tolerance of the device is also discussed.
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Lee, Chee-Wei. "A Review of Polarization Dependence Applications for Asymmetric Waveguides Vertical Couplers in Compound Semiconductor Indium Phosphide." International Journal of Optics 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/164023.

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This paper reviews and presents a coherent approach to the design of compact vertical coupler (VC) in InP-based compound semiconductor with variable polarization dependence. As a polarization-independent (PI) coupler, the VC is shown to transfer light with more than 90% efficiency for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations. As a polarization-mode splitter (PMS), the VC is shown to preferentially couple TE or TM modes with a contrast ratio of up to 20 dB. We further demonstrate the single-mesa VC, which simplifies the fabrication process and potentially could improve the process yield, and its integration with a multimode interferometer (MMI). The versatility makes the VC a compact and useful input-stage device that not only maximizes input/output coupling efficiency to small active devices but also provides a degree of polarization control before the actual device.
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Dai, Zijie, Eryi Pan, Xuefeng Chen, Xiaoxian Song, Haiting Zhang, and Ying Liang. "Compact Design for Bi-Polarization Quantum Routers on SOI Platform." Photonics 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2023): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080897.

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An ultra-compact optical quantum router (QR) consisting of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and waveguide tapers is proposed and numerically simulated, using silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The interferometer is designed to work at the center wavelength of 1550 nm with visibilities of 99.65% and 98.80% for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. Using the principle of phase compensation and self-image, the length of the waveguide tapers is shortened by an order of magnitude with the transmission above 95% for both TE and TM polarizations. Furthermore, polarization beam splitters (PBS) with an ultra-compact footprint of 1.4 × 10.4 μm2 with transmissions of 98% for bi-polarizations are achieved by introducing anisotropic metamaterials. The simulated results indicate that the interferometer facilitates low loss, a broad operating spectral range, and a large tolerance to size variation in fabrications. The optical switch possesses the routing function while maintaining the polarization states, which promises to pave the point-to-point BB84 protocol into applications of network-based quantum communication.
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Lee, Chee-Wei. "Design of Polarization-Independent Coarse Wavelength Splitters Based on Ridge-Waveguide Directional Couplers." International Journal of Optics 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/263182.

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We present the first unique design of a polarization-independent dual-wavelength splitter for wavelengths around 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm that is potentially of great interest to passive optical network (PON) applications. The filter design is simple compared with the other architectures and is based on ridge-type lateral directional couplers that can be readily integrated with other planar waveguide devices. Two design examples, based on InP/InGaAsP and Si/SiGe waveguides, are given. This polarization-independent wavelength splitting is achieved by exploiting the polarization dependence of the waveguides to produce coupling lengths that are sensitive to polarization and wavelength. We show that, to split the wavelengths without splitting the polarizations, the coupling lengths must be sufficiently different for TE and TM and for the different wavelengths in order to give the correct required ratios between the TE and TM coupling lengths for the two wavelengths of interest. We also show that the same approach can be applied to the design of a polarization splitter. The crosstalk, optical bandwidth, and fabrication sensitivity for the wavelength filter are evaluated.
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Zhang, Jingjing, Zhaojian Zhang, Chao Ma, Xuefeng Chen, Liping Liu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoxian Song, et al. "Ultra-Compact and Ultra-Broadband Polarization-Insensitive Mach–Zehnder Interferometer in Silicon-on-Insulator Platform for Quantum Internet Application." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100455.

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Polarization dependence in integrated silicon photonics has a detrimental effect on the manipulation of quantum state with different polarizations in the quantum technology. Those limits have profound implications for further technological developments, especially in quantum photonic internet. Here, we propose a polarization-independent Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure based on a 340 nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The MZI facilitates low loss, broad operating bandwidth, and large tolerance of the fabrication imperfection. We achieve an excess loss of <10% and an extinction radio of >18 in the 100 nm bandwidth (1500∼1600 nm) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. We numerically demonstrate an interference visibility of 99% and a polarization-independent loss (PDL) of 0.03 for both polarizations at 1550 nm. Furthermore, by using the principle of phase compensation and self-image, we shorten the length of the waveguide taper by almost an order of magnitude with the transmission of >95% for both TE and TM polarizations. Up to now, the proposed structure could significantly improve the integration and promote the development of monolithic integrated quantum internet.
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Shu, Wenhao, Bo Wang, Hao Pei, Hongtao Li, Li Chen, Liang Lei, and Jinyun Zhou. "Investigation on multilayer microstructure grating for three-port splitting." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 16 (June 20, 2016): 1650195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916501955.

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A new structure of microstructure reflection three-port beam splitter grating is described in this paper. The grating includes two dielectric layers and a metal slab on the substrate, where incident waves are reflected into the zeroth-order and the ± first-order with polarization-independent property. With the optimized grating profile, reflection efficiencies’ ratios between the first-order and the zeroth-order can reach 0.998 and 1.001 for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. Especially, the reflection grating can diffract efficiencies more than 30% into the ± first-order and the zeroth-order with the incident angular bandwidth of −1.9–1.9[Formula: see text] for TM polarization, which can have merits compared with single-layer transmission grating.
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Calò, Giovanna, Gaetano Bellanca, Franco Fuschini, Marina Barbiroli, Velio Tralli, and Vincenzo Petruzzelli. "Polarization Effect on the Performance of On-Chip Wireless Optical Point-to-Point Links." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053062.

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Optical on-chip wireless interconnection is an emerging technology that aims to overcome the communication bottleneck in computing architectures and in which multiple processing units are exploited for data-intensive applications. In this work, we propose an integrated dielectric Vivaldi antenna, which exhibits the same gain performances for both TE and TM input polarizations. Point-to-point on-chip communication links between two Vivaldi antennas are analyzed. Moreover, the effect of wave polarization on the link performances is numerically studied in on-chip multilayer structures in connection with the multilayer characteristic parameters, i.e., cladding layer thickness and refractive index. The numerical results show that, with the same antenna gain, TM polarization is affected by lower propagation losses when suitable cladding layer thickness and refractive index are considered.
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Tang, Geyu, Huamao Huang, Yuqi Liu, and Hong Wang. "Compact Photonic Crystal Polarization Beam Splitter Based on the Self-Collimation Effect." Photonics 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060198.

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We propose a new compact polarization beam splitter based on the self-collimation effect of two-dimensional photonic crystals and photonic bandgap characteristics. The device is composed of a rectangular air holes-based polarization beam splitting structure and circular air holes-based self-collimating structure. By inserting the polarization beam splitting structure into the self-collimating structure, the TE and TM polarized lights are orthogonally separated at their junction. When the number of rows in the hypotenuse of the inserted rectangular holes is 5, the transmittance of TE polarized light at 1550 nm is 95.4% and the corresponding polarization extinction ratio is 23 dB; on the other hand, the transmittance of TM polarized light is 88.5% and the corresponding polarization extinction ratio is 37 dB. For TE and TM polarized lights covering a 100 nm bandwidth, the TE and TM polarization extinction ratios are higher than 18 dB and 30 dB, respectively. Compared with the previous polarization beam splitters, our structure is simple, the size is small, and the extinction ratio is high, which meets the needs of modern optical communications, optical interconnection, and optical integrated systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TM POLARIZATION"

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Idehenre, Ighodalo U. "Evanescent and Plasmonic Sensing Using Linear and Radial Polarization Modes in Tapered Microfibers." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1367346795.

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Cardoso, Jorge Luiz. "AvaliaÃÃo e ComparaÃÃo da ResistÃncia à CorrosÃo por Pites do AÃo SuperaustenÃtico AL 6XN PLUS TM e dos AÃos InoxidÃveis AustenÃticos da SÃrie AISI 304L, 316L e 317L." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6799.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
As torres de destilaÃÃo de petrÃleo sofrem corriqueiramente com problemas relacionados à corrosÃo devido ao elevado Ãndice de acidez presente no petrÃleo exigindo uma elevada resistÃncia à corrosÃo por parte dos equipamentos utilizados. Dentre os materiais empregados na fabricaÃÃo e revestimento dos equipamentos, destacam-se os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos da sÃrie 300. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos sÃo largamente utilizados em componentes que operam em faixas de temperaturas elevadas, tais como caldeiras, super aquecedores, reatores quÃmicos e etc. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis super austenÃticos, devido ao aumento no teor de cromo e molibdÃnio se comparado aos aÃos austenÃticos da sÃrie 300, apresentam uma excelente resistÃncia à corrosÃo localizada, principalmente à corrosÃo por pites que à uma das mais danosas formas de corrosÃo aos equipamentos fabricados por esses aÃos. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis super austenÃticos tÃm sido apontados como possÃveis substitutos para a sÃrie austenÃtica 300 para aplicaÃÃes em equipamentos que requerem temperaturas elevadas e em meios agressivos como os encontrados na indÃstria do petrÃleo. Objetivando avaliar e comparar a resistÃncia à corrosÃo por pites do aÃo comercial inoxidÃvel super austenÃtico AL 6XN PLUSâ com os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos 304L, 316L e 317L para elevadas temperaturas, amostras desses aÃos foram submetidas a tratamentos tÃrmicos para as temperaturas de 500, 700 e 900 C por um perÃodo de 72 horas. Foram tambÃm analisadas as amostras na condiÃÃo como recebidas. Foram realizados ensaios de polarizaÃÃo cÃclica para avaliar e comparar a resistÃncia à corrosÃo por pites entre os materiais citados utilizando uma soluÃÃo aquosa de Ãcido sulfÃrico e cloreto de sÃdio nas concentraÃÃes 0,5 M H2SO4 + 0,5 M NaCl e 1 M H2SO4 + 2 M NaCl. Os resultados mostraram uma maior suscetibilidade à corrosÃo por pites no aÃo 304L. Os aÃos 316L e 317L apresentaram desempenho intermediÃrio (pites menores à medida que o material tornava-se mais nobre) e tambÃm corrosÃo em frestas. O aÃo super austenÃtico AL 6XN PLUSâ mostrou o melhor desempenho em ambos os eletrÃlitos utilizados. Somente uma amostra do aÃo super austenÃtico e em uma condiÃÃo extrema de temperatura e meio corrosivo mostrou suscetibilidade à corrosÃo por pites. Esse comportamento à bem desejÃvel na indÃstria do petrÃleo.
The oil distillation towers routinely suffer problems related to corrosion due to the high level of acidity present in the oil requiring a high resistance to corrosion of the equipment in use. Among the materials used in the manufacturing and coating of equipment, we highlight the Austenitic Stainless Steel of the 300 Series. Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in components for high temperatures, such as boilers, super heaters, chemical reactors, etc. Super austenitic stainless steels, due to their high Cr and Mo content, as compared to regular austenitic types, show a higher resistance to pitting corrosion, which is one of the most harmful forms of localized corrosion. These steels have been pointed as a possible replacement for common austenitic steels for applications at high temperatures and aggressive media, as in the oil industry. In order to evaluate and compare the resistance to pitting corrosion of AL 6XN PLUS â super austenitic stainless steel commercial with the 304L, 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steels for high temperatures, samples of these steels were subjected to heat treatments at temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 Â C for a period of 72 hours. Samples in the as-received condition were also analyzed. Cyclic polarization tests were performed to evaluate and compare the resistance to pitting corrosion of the materials mentioned using an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride concentrations in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M H2SO4 + 2 M NaCl. The results showed a higher susceptibility to pitting corrosion in the 304L steel. 316L and 317L steels showed intermediate performance (smaller pits as the material became more noble) and crevice corrosion as well. The AL 6XN PLUS â super austenitic steel showed the best performance in both electrolytes used. Only a sample of the super austenitic steel and in an extreme condition of temperature and corrosive environment showed susceptibility to pitting corrosion. This behavior is very desirable in the oil industry.
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Rios, Clauson Sales do Nascimento. "ImplementaÃÃo de portas lÃgicas atravÃs da modulaÃÃo de pulsos por posiÃÃo (PPM) em filtros acÃstico-Ãpticos sintonizÃveis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2097.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Nesta dissertaÃÃo foi estudada a aplicaÃÃo do filtro AcÃstico-Ãptico SintonizÃvel (AOTF), com a ModulaÃÃo de Pulsos por PosiÃÃo (PPM), objetivando implementar, utilizando o mÃtodo de Runge-Kutta de 4a ordem, portas lÃgicas (OR-OU e AND-E) Ãpticas operando com pulsos de luz ultracurtos (2ps). Neste trabalho à investigado o desempenho das portas considerando vÃrios comprimentos do filtro ( L) que integra a sua estrutura interna, com o intuito de obter o comprimento de filtro mais adequado para uma operaÃÃo satisfatÃria, em regime dispersivo, nÃo linear, sem perdas e com modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada (XPM). Esta investigaÃÃo à realizada em duas situaÃÃes: primeiramente, sÃo considerados filtros com automodulaÃÃo de fase (SPM) e GVD (dispersÃo da velocidade de grupo). Em um segundo momento, as mesmas portas sÃo obtidas com efeitos SPM, XPM e GVD agindo juntos no AOTF. Foi observado que para pulsos do tipo sÃliton, os efeitos da dispersÃo, da nÃo linearidade e da modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada exercem juntos uma forte influÃncia na propagaÃÃo do mesmo, provocando a quebra do pulso na saÃda do dispositivo quando utilizamos um comprimento maior para os filtros. Para dispositivos mais curtos, o pulso chaveado apresentou compressÃes e alargamentos temporais e espectrais, bem comodeslocamentos temporais nos dois modo de propagaÃÃo (TE e TM). ApÃs a escolha de um comprimento de filtro adequado, foi selecionado um deslocamento temporal Ãtimo a ser aplicado nos pulsos de entrada para conseguirmos, na saÃda da porta lÃgica, deslocamentos temporais satisfatÃrios (acertos) na aplicaÃÃo da modulaÃÃo PPM. Em seguida, introduzimos fases em um dos pulsos de entrada (TM), provocando um defasamento entre os pulsos TE e TM, reduzindo ainda mais a margem de erro PPM de operaÃÃo das portas. Finalmente, ao analisarmos as fases aplicadas no pulso TM (0 a 2), definirmos o melhor Ãngulo de fase para que as portas operem na regiÃo de acerto da modulaÃÃo PPM.
In this dissertation it was studied the application of the Acoustic Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF), with Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), aiming at to implement, using the method of Runge-Kutta of 4a order, logical gates (OR and AND) optical operating with pulses of light ultra shorts (2ps). In this work the acting of the gates is investigated, considering several lengths of the filter (  L) that integrates your internal structure, with the intention of obtaining the length of more appropriate filter for a satisfactory operation, in dispersion regime, nonlinear, without losses and with Cross Phase Modulation (XPM). This investigation is accomplished in two situations: firstly, filters are considered with Self Phase Modulation (SPM) and GVD (group-velocity dispersion). In a second moment, the same gates are obtained with effects SPM, XPM and GVD, acting together in AOTF. It was observed that for pulses of the type soliton, the effects of the dispersion, of the nonlinearity and of the cross phase modulation exercise together a strong influences in the propagation of the same, provoking the break of the pulse in the exit of the device when we used a larger length for the filters. For shorter devices, the switched pulse presented temporary and spectral compression and spread, as well as, displacement in the time in the two propagation modes (TE and TM). After the choice of a length of appropriate filter, a great temporary displacement was selected to be applied in the input pulses for us to get, in the exit of the logical gate, satisfactory temporary displacements (successes) in the application of the PPM modulation. Soon after, we introduced phases in one of the entrance pulses (TM), provoking a phase displacement among TE and TM pulses, still reducing more the margin of error PPM of operation of the gates. Finally, to the we analyze the applied phases in the pulse TM (0 to 2), we defined the best phase angle for the gates to operate in the success area of the PPM modulation.
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Chen, Wei. "Off Bragg blazing for TM polarization with rectangular gratings." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3414.

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Perfect blazing to the m=-l spectral order was once assumed to be possible for only Bragg angle incidence, i.e. for an angled = sin- 1 (^) from the normal to the grating surface, where d/A is the grating period in wavelengths. The diffracted beam is then back in the direction of incidence, an inconvenience in most applications such as multiplexers, de-multiplexers and frequency scanned antennas. Off Bragg blazing is preferable and now can be done with high efficiency. Here off Bragg blazing for T M polarized incidence on rectangular groove gratings is investigated numerically and design curves are presented. It is a consequence of reciprocity that off Bragg blaze angles must occur in pairs #1 and 62 and these are related by a generalization of the Bragg equation sin 9\ + sin 92 — 2 • F°r groove width to period ratios a/d=0.5 perfect off Bragg blazing occurs most frequently for periods 0.9
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AGARWAL, ASHWINI. "ENHANCED IMAGE RESOLUTION IN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BY MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURE." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15143.

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Photonic crystals are inhomogeneous dielectric media with periodic variation of the refractive index. A photonic crystal gives us new tools for the manipulation of photons and thus has received great interests in a variety of fields. Photonic crystals also have applications in imaging. A number of imaging principles were demonstrated. In this thesis we focused,enhance the image resolution of photonic crystal by modification the surface structure and used the structure as a sensor. We utilize the superlens behaviour of the photonic crystal (PhC) structure composed of hexagonal lattice arrangement of air holes of radius ‘r = 0.35a’, where ‘a’ is the lattice constant, in a dielectric medium of permittivity ε = 12.The equal frequency contour (EFC) analysis done using plane wave expansion method shows that the structure exhibits an effective isotropic refractive index, neff = -1 at a normalized frequency of ɷ = 0.2908(2πc/a) for TM polarization, located in the second band. At ɷ = 0.2908(2πc/a) for TM polarization, the considered PhC structure behaves as a superlens, as analyzed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
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Books on the topic "TM POLARIZATION"

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Multilayer Polarized Light Tm-4-97. Illuminating Engineering, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "TM POLARIZATION"

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Voß, M., A. Bärwolff, A. Klehr, and R. Müller. "Polarization Tests on TE/TM-Switching 1.3 μm Laser Diodes." In Laser in der Technik / Laser in Engineering, 909–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08251-5_198.

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Elschner, Johannes, and Gunther Schmidt. "Diffraction in Periodic Structures and Optimal Design of Binary Gratings. Part II: Gradient Formulas for TM Polarization." In Problems and Methods in Mathematical Physics, 89–108. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8276-7_8.

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Benisty, Henri, Jean-Jacques Greffet, and Philippe Lalanne. "Fundamental concepts of near-field optics." In Introduction to Nanophotonics, 275–90. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786139.003.0010.

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The concept of evanescent waves, which plays a key role in the description of the electromagnetic field at the nanoscale, is introduced in the first section. The second section offers an alternative introduction to near-field optics by examining the radiation of an electric dipole. These two sections can also be viewed as a discussion of the concepts of near field either in Fourier space (evanescent waves) or in direct space (dipole radiation). In the third section, we establish a connection between the quasi-electrostatic and quasi-magnetostatic approximations familiar in the regime of low frequencies and the near-field regime used in optics for TE and TM polarization. Finally, in the last part of the chapter, we highlight some particular properties of the near field. It will be seen that the familiar concepts of phase, Fresnel reflection factor, field structure, polarization need to be revisited in the near field.
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Saxena, Pallavi, and Anand Yadav. "Effect of Transition Metal on Structural and Dielectric Properties of Mg0.5Tm0.5Fe2O4 (Tm = Zn and Cu) System." In Transition Metal Compounds - Synthesis, Properties, and Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96729.

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This study explored the structural and dielectric features of Mg0.5Tm0.5Fe2O4 (Tm = Zn and Cu) that were synthesized by the Solid-state reaction (SSR) method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the prepared samples are single-phase cubic structure without any impurity. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction results reveal the formation of cubic structure and all the peaks of Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 are perfectly indexed in the cubic (Fd-3 m) structure. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss variation with frequency were also explored. Both decrease when the relevant alternating field is increasing and become constant at high frequencies which reflects the important role of interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 having the smallest crystallite size (~ 44.73 nm) has a high dielectric constant (~ 4.41 × 104) value as compare to Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4.
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Kataka Banaseka, Frank, Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi, and Selasie Aformaley Brown. "Signal Propagation in Soil Medium: A Two Dimensional Finite Element Procedure." In Electromagnetic Compatibility [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99333.

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A two-Dimensional Finite Element Method of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through the soil is presented in this chapter. The chapter employs a boundary value problem (BVP) to solve the Helmholtz time-harmonic electromagnetic model. An infinitely large dielectric object of an arbitrary cross-section is considered for scattering from a dielectric medium and illuminated by an incident wave. Since the domain extends to infinity, an artificial boundary, a perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to truncate the computational domain. The incident field, the scattered field, and the total field in terms of the z-component are expressed for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The radar cross-section (RCS), as a function of several other parameters, such as operating frequency, polarization, illumination angle, observation angle, geometry, and material properties of the medium, is computed to describe how a scatterer reflects an electromagnetic wave in a given direction. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB for the scattered field, the total field, and the radar cross-section are presented for three soil types – sand, loam, and clay.
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BOGDANOV, E. V., E. P. KUBASHEVSKIY, and N. Ya MININA. "EFFICIENT TM/TE POLARIZATION MODE TUNING IN p-AlGaAs/GaAsP/n-AlGaAs DIODE NANOSTRUCTURES BY UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION." In Physics, Chemistry and Applications of Nanostructures, 564–67. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814696524_0138.

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Conference papers on the topic "TM POLARIZATION"

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Henderson, Gregory N., Elias N. Glytsis, and Thomas K. Gaylord. "Relationship of electromagnetic reflection and refraction to quantum-mechanical transport in semiconductor heterostructures." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fz9.

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Electromagnetic reflection and refraction at a boundary between lossless dielectrics is well known for commonly available materials with differing permittivity (ε) and the same permeability (µ). In this case, the expressions for the reflectivity of TE and TM polarizations have different functional forms with a Brewster angle for TM polarization but not for TE polarization. For an interface between generalized dielectrics (differing ε and µ), the TE and TM reflectivities have the same form where one, both, or neither of the polarizations can have a Brewster angle. By defining separate phase and amplitude indices, common expressions can be used for the TE and TM reflectivities.
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Pappert, S. A., R. J. Orazi, T. T. Vu, A. R. Clawson, S. C. Lin, and P. K. L Yu. "Polarization anisotropy of a 1.52-μm InGaAs/InP multiple quantum-well waveguide absorption modulator." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.tud11.

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Optical waveguide modulators operating at 1.5-μm wavelength are important optoelectronic devices that can be used to extend the bandwidth-distance capacity of optical fiber transmission systems. Multiple quantum-well (MQW) absorption type waveguide modulators fabricated in InP substrates and operating near 1.5-μm wavelength have been demonstrated1-4 by using various material and growth systems. Previous experimental work on 1.5-μm MQW waveguides has primarily examined the modulation performance of TG polarized light (light polarized parallel to the MQW layers); not as much attention has been paid to the TM polarization. For an InGaAs/InAlAs MQW waveguide modulator, the polarization dependence of the electroabsorption has been reported5 with similar modulation performance for both polarizations. In this paper an In0.53Ga0.47As/InP (from nowon referred to asInGaAs/InPridge-waveguide MQW absorption modulator is described at an operating laser wavelength of 1.52 μm. In contrast to previous work5 the modulation performance of the TM polarization is found to be superior to that of the TE mode. Experimental data showing optical absorption saturation of this device for both polarizations is also presented.
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Fontaine, Marie. "Active Polarization Converter in AlGaAs." In Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1998.nthe.17.

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Asymmetric AlGaAs waveguides working in a cross-phase modulation regime and operated at photon energies below the band gap could be promising for the design of active TE-TM polarization converters. Crucially important for devices with asymmetrical cross-section is the orientation of the optical axes to maximize the TE-TM conversion. For [100] oriented AlGaAs angle-facet rib-waveguides, it is seen that the rotation of the polarization state is optimized if one optical axis of the device is aligned closed to the 45° polarization-maintaining axis in the bulk medium. The design of such a waveguide is illustrated at Fig. 1.
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Findakly, Talal, B. Dougfierty, and J. Moen. "Integrated-optic logic gates." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1986.thcc15.

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The use of integrated optics to perform logic and computation was proposed earlier by Taylor1 based on interconnected directional coupler switches and intensity Mach-Zehnder modulators. We apply the principle of polarization conversion and discrimination in integrated optical format to perform various logic functions. The principal components of the proposed logic gates are a polarization converter (TE ↔ TM) and polarizer. An illustration of the various logic gates that can be implemented by this concept is shown in Fig. 1. The logic input to these devices is an electrical voltage, equivalent to that which rotates the polarization by 90°, and the output is an optical intensity. The optical input is a linearly polarized light, and all waveguides are single mode in the TE and TM polarizations. From Fig. 1, it can be seen that logic gates such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EXCLUSIVE-OR, and NOT can be realized by properly arranging and cascading the polarization converters and polarizers along the waveguide pattern. Based on this concept, we report on the fabrication and demonstration of an integrated optical EXCLUSIVE-OR logic gate in Ti:LiNbO3. As shown in Fig. 2, the device consists of a single-mode straight channel waveguide along which two polarization converters are cascaded and followed by a polarizer. The principle of operation can be understood by tracking the light polarization and transmission on the application of voltages to the two converters. Consider the case where both inputs A and B are ON. Assuming that the input light is in the TE polarization, the light is converted into TM past converter A and back to TE past converter B. If the polarizer is designed to pass the TM and attenuate the TE, the output is zero consistent with the truth table requirement of an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate. Other input–output combinations can be verified following the same reasoning.
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Heismann, F., M. D. Divino, and L. L. Buhl. "Mirror-folded polarization-independent tunable-wavelength filter." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.mh1.

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We demonstrate a 1.55-μm polarization-independent wavelength filter with a 3-dB bandwidth of only 6 Å and an electro-optic tuning range of more than 100 Å. The filter is fabricated on x-cut LiNbO3 and features a novel electro-optic TE ï TM mode converter with electrically adjustable TE–TM output phase.
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Baumeister, Philip. "Immersed coatings with high reflectance for TM polarization." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.wf.3.

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Consider an all-dielectric multilayer that is encapsulated in a “cemented cube.” For p linearly polarized light, the objective is to produce the maximum radiant reflectance with the minimum number of layers.
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Oh, M. C., W. Y. Hwang, H. J. Lee, M. H. Lee, J. H. Ahn, H. Park, S. G. Han, and Y. H. Won. "Polarization-Independent Electro-Optic Polymer Devices with Twisted Optic-Axis Waveguide Polarization Converters." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.28.

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Electro-optic waveguide devices are essential components for the high-speed photonic signal processings and broadband optical communications. In the lightwave signal transmission, the polarization state of the light is not maintained when a standard single-mode fibers are used. Hence, polarization independent EO devices are preferred to reduce the system complexity caused by an adaptive polarization controlling circuit. In lithium niobate substrates, there have been various investigations for the polarization-independent switches such as mode-evolution type digital switches [1], directional coupler switches with coincident coupling length for TE and TM modes [2], Mach-Zehnder (MZ) switches on x-cut, z-propagating orientation providing degenerated TE and TM modes [3], The switching voltages of these devices are 17 ~ 60 V. In this work, we propose a polarization-independent polymer waveguide modulator [4] which can be realized by integrating a polymeric polarization converters [5] in the middle of the MZ modulator. The optic-axis of the polarization converting waveguide is twisted 90 degree by poling it with specially designed electrodes.
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8

Li, Lifeng, Qian Gong, George Lawrence, and James J. Burke. "Polarization properties of planar dielectric waveguide grating couplers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuw2.

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Experimental and theoretical investigations into the polarization properties of planar dielectric waveguide grating couplers are presented. The ellipticity and azimuth of the polarization ellipse of radiation modes coupled out by several different grating couplers were measured as functions of the angle between the incident guided-wave and the grating rulings. The polarization states were, in general, elliptical, and this finding agrees with the theoretical predictions in the literature. However, a major difference between TE and TM excitations was observed. The ellipticity of the radiation modes was vanishingly small when the guided wave was TE-polarized, but it was very large when the guided wave was TM polarized. This implies that a TE mode is much easier to work with than is a TM mode. The polarization state of the evanescent tail of the guided wave in the grating region is responsible for the polarization state of the radiation modes. We present simple induced dipole model that can qualitatively explain the observed polarization phenomena. Numerical results based on an exact theory and a perturbation theory are also given. The results of this research have significant implications for the design of focusing waveguide grating couplers in optical data storage heads, which will be described in a companion paper by Hwang et al.
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9

Chan, Yuen-Chuen, and Kunio Tada. "Polarization Independent Optical Modulation with Tensile-Strained GaAs-InAIAs Quantum Wells grown on GaAs Substrate." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pmb2.1.

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Large field-induced optical absorption and refractive index variations through the quantum confined Stark effect in quantum well structures have prompted the development of many high performance compact optical modulating devices1). However, several shortcomings are present and one of them is a strong polarization dependent characteristic in lattice-matched systems2). This is due to the fact that the dipole moments of electron-heavy/light hole transitions show a strong polarization dependence, such that while TE mode light, with the electric vector parallel to the quantum well layers, interacts with both heavy and light hole transitions, only electron-light hole transitions are involved in the TM mode polarization, where the electric vector is perpendicular to the quantum well layers3). Moreover, in an unstrained quantum well, the valence bands for the heavy and light holes are degenerate and hence the electron-heavy hole transition always lead the electron-light hole transition at the absorption edge due to the heavy hole’s larger effective mass. As a result, there exists a large difference in the optical absorption and refractive index variation at the absorption edge between the TE and TM mode polarizations.
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10

Stolte, Ralf, and Reinhard Ulrich. "6.5 GHz integrated-optical frequency shifter for λ=1.5µm." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cthk4.

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An integrated-optical frequency shifter for λ= 1.5µm and a frequency shift of f mod = 6.5GHz has been designed in Ti:LiNbO3 technology. An optical input wave (carrier) at frequency f in is electro-optically converted to an output wave (sideband) at f out = f in ± f mod . Both waves propagate at orthogonal polarizations in the same stripe waveguide. Conversion is effected by an electrical wave of frequency f mod , counter-propagating to the optical waves on a coplanar transmission line. The 3-wave interaction is phase-matched if where Δβ=βc-βs is the waveguide birefringence (βc, βs, propagation constant of carrier and sideband), Ngr is the mean index of optical group velocity, and n el is the ‘effective index’ of the electrical wave. Phase matching is practically achieved by adjustment of the dimensions of the transmission line and of Δβ. In the x-cut, z-propagating LiNbO3 substrate, Δβ could be controlled by adjustment of the width w of the Ti stripe. The birefringence was measured by scanning a polarization coupling perturbation along the waveguide while analyzing the polarization of the output signal [1]. Polarization controllers are applied to the pigtails so that the incident signal can be adjusted to either TE or TM polarization. In this way TE/TM or TM/TE conversion can be selected. Due to the reversal of tire sign of Δβ between these two cases the device operates either as frequency up- or downshifter.
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