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Journal articles on the topic 'TLC-DPPH'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 September 2022

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1

Piszcz, Paweł, Magdalena Tomaszewska, and Bronisław K. Głód. "Estimation of the total antioxidant potential in the meat samples using thin-layer chromatography." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0007.

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AbstractThere is limited literature on the antioxidative properties of food of animal origin. Measurements of antioxidative properties are usually performed using the reaction of reduction of colored 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radials. Changes of the DPPH color are tracked photometrically. These measurements are interfered by both, the tested samples and reduced DPPH. This study aims to demonstrate the ability to separate different forms of DPPH (DPPH• and DPPH-H) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Further, it has been practically applied in the study of the determination of antioxidative properties of the meat samples. It was found that TLC can be used for the separation of different forms of DPPH as well as for measurement of TAP (total antioxidant potential) values related to the DPPH•. The strongest antioxidant properties were observed for pork neck extracted in buffer pH 2 and for smoked salmon fish extracted in acetone, the lowest for veal and turkey fillet extracted in methanol.
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2

Sevalho, Elison De Souza, and Waldireny Caldas Rocha. "Potencial antioxidante dos diferentes extratos de Morinda citrifolia por TLC-DPPH•." Conexão Ciência (Online) 12, no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24862/cco.v12i1.480.

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Introdução: As substâncias antioxidantes ocupam um lugar de destaque dentro das diferentes áreas da indústria, sendo importante a realização de pesquisa sistematizada desses compostos e de suas capacidades de neutralizar agentes nocivos, como por exemplo, os radicais livres. A espécie Morinda citrifolia, conhecida por noni, possui uma longa história de uso como remédio popular. Objetivo: buscar substâncias com capacidade antioxidante em diferentes extratos de M. citrifolia. Metodologia: A semente, raiz, caule e folha foram seca em estufa de ar circulante e trituradas em moinho de facas do tipo Willy, com exceção da polpa. Os extratos foram obtidos através de extração sequencial com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol) por maceração em mariotte. As análises da capacidade antioxidante foram realizadas pela técnica TLC-DPPH• em duas etapas. A primeira etapa realizou-se varredura para determinar quais dos extratos obtidos possuem capacidade antioxidante por TLC-DPPH•. A segunda etapa avaliou-se os extratos ativos, e através do perfil cromatográfico identificou o Rf com atividade antioxidante. Resultados: A avaliação antioxidante por TLC-DPPH• na primeira etapa observou-se que somente o spot do extrato em acetato de etila da semente demonstrou melhor atividade antioxidante quando comparando aos padrões utilizados. Na segunda etapa somente o Rf=0,7 do extrato em acetato de etila apresentaram a atividade antioxidante, comparado com os padrões. Conclusão: O método TLC-DPPH• demonstrou ser um procedimento rápido e preciso na separação de diferentes extratos e na identificação de compostos ativos, sendo que abordagem mostrou perspectivas de isolamento de substâncias com propriedades antioxidantes.
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3

Muthia, Rahmi, Muhammad Hidayatullah, and Rahmi Hidayati. "Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cawat Hanoman Stem (Bauhinia aculeata L.) using DPPH Method." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v3i1.1245.

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The free radical is an unstable molecule because contains one or two unpaired electrons. The antioxidant substance is a simple way to decrease the illness caused by free radicals. Cawat hanoman (Bauhinia aculeata L.) was known to contain tannin components one of the benefits as an antioxidant. This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the B. aculeata stem tested by qualitatively used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitatively using the DPPH method. Bauhinia aculeata stem was extracted using a maceration extract method with 96% ethanol. Antioxidant activity test was done qualitatively by eluent of ethyl acetate : methanol : purified water (6 : 2 : 1) using TLC and quantitatively using the DPPH method. The result of antioxidant activity from 96% ethanol extract of B. aculeata stem qualitatively showed the presence of yellow spots on a purple background at TLC after syringed DPPH 0.5 mM and quantitative test that resulted in an IC50 of 21.862 �g/mL. These results indicate that 96% ethanol extract of B. aculeata has very strong antioxidant activity.
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4

Rajauria, Gaurav, and Nissreen Abu-Ghannam. "Isolation and Partial Characterization of Bioactive Fucoxanthin fromHimanthalia elongataBrown Seaweed: A TLC-Based Approach." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/802573.

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Seaweeds are important sources of carotenoids, and numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of these pigments on human health. In the present study,Himanthalia elongatabrown seaweed was extracted with a mixture of low polarity solvents, and the crude extract was separated using analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The separated compounds were tested for their potential antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity againstListeria monocytogenesbacteria using TLC bioautography approach. For bio-autography, the coloured band on TLC chromatogram was visualized after spraying with DPPH and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reagents which screen antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, respectively, and only one active compound was screened on the TLC plate. Preliminary identification of this active compound was done by comparing its colour andRf(retention factor) value with the authentic fucoxanthin standard. Further, the active compound was purified using preparative TLC. This purified compound showed a strong antioxidant (EC50:14.8±1.27 µg/mL) and antimicrobial (inhibition zone: 10.27 mm, 25 µg compound/disc) activities, which were examined by DPPH scavenging and agar disc-diffusion bioassay, respectively. The bioactivity shown by the purified compound was almost similar to the fucoxanthin standard. The characteristic UV-visible and FT-IR spectra of the purified active compound completely matched with the standard. Hence, the main active compound inH. elongatawas identified as fucoxanthin.
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5

Sridhar, Nimmakayala, Suguna Lakshmi Duggirala, and Goverdhan Puchchakayala. "Analyzing the phytochemical composition of Justicia neesii Ramam." Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, no. 5 (October 25, 2014): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3508.

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Phytochemical profile is an important aspect as it will give an over view of possible pharmacological properties of the plant. Justicia neesii is a plant belongs to Acanthaceae family, on which no significant phytochemical and pharmacological was done. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the phytochemical profile and analysis of antioxidant properties by TLC method. The phytochemical analysis was done for screening the maximum number of phytochemicals using standard methods. The TLC plates were developed with a solvent system containing methanol: chloroform: hexane at a ratio of 7:2:1. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control and a blank TLC plate was used as negative control in the experiment. The diluted DPPH in methanol was sprayed on the developed plates and observed under UV light. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, lactones, lignins, phenols, phytosterols, quinins, reducing sugars, saponins and terpinoids. The TLC analysis has shown the higher intensity of yellow color for the test spots which indicating the higher antioxidant potential of plant extract compared to standard ascorbic acid after treatment with DPPH solution. The plant is having good antioxidant potential. The plant was also composed of many significant phytochemicals.
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6

Jesionek, Wioleta, Barbara Majer-Dziedzic, and Irena Maria Choma. "Separation, Identification, and Investigation of Antioxidant Ability of Plant Extract Components Using TLC, LC–MS, and TLC–DPPH•." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 38, no. 11 (May 7, 2015): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2015.1028295.

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7

Sherma, Joseph. "Review of the Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Foods, Food Ingredients, and Dietary Supplements by Thin Layer Chromatography-Direct Bioautography, Spectrometry, and the Dot-Blot Procedure." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0116.

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Abstract This paper reviews a selection of the most important studies on antioxidants in foods (including beverages), food ingredients, and dietary supplements by effect-directed analysis using TLC with DPPH*, ABTS*+, and β-carotene direct bioautography. Total antioxidant activity by visible mode spectrometry (colorimetry) with TLC used offline to obtain additional analytical results, mostly for identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in samples, is also discussed. Finally, dot-blot assay for total antioxidant activity, carried out on a TLC plate without mobile-phase development, is reviewed as an alternative with possible advantages compared with spectrometry.
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8

Sunarni, Titik, and Fransiska Leviana. "Antioxidant-Free Radical Scavenging of Some Euphorbiaceae Herbs." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev2iss1pp146-150.

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In order to screen natural antioxidant, the research about antioxidant of some Euphobiaceae herbs, have been conducted. The air-dried herbs of Euphorbia heterophylla L, Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, and Phyllanthus buxifolius Muell Arg were extracted with metanol. The obtained extract was concentrated and then suspended to produce n-hexane, ethyl acetat and aqueous fractions. Free radical scavenger activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl) measured by spectrophotometric method and the IC50 value was determined. The compounds of active fraction had been identified by TLC method. All of the herbs showed activity as DPPH scavenger. Among these herbs, Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Phyllanthus buxifolius Muell, Arg. exhibited a strong free radical scavenging of ethyl acetat fraction with IC50 value 5,88 µg/ml and 4,64 µg/ml. The result of TLC by mobile phase n-buthanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5) and acetic acid 15% showed flavonoid compound.Keywords: Euphorbiaceae herbs, antioxidant, DPPH, flavonoid
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9

Parveen, Rabea, Nausheen Khan, Sultan Zahiruddin, Mohammad Ibrahim, Varisha Anjum, Bushra Parveen, and Mohammad Ahmad Khan. "TLC-Bioautographic Evaluation for High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Free Radical Scavenging and Antidiabetic Compounds from Traditional Unani Medicinal Plant: Citrullus colocynthis Schrad." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 3 (May 2020): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0287.

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Abstract Background: Interest in the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of natural products are growing vastly in the modern world. Thin layer chromatography-bioautography-mass spectroscopy (TLC-bioautography-MS) plays an important role in chemico-biological screening of natural sources. TLC combined with 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, α-amylase and α-glucosidase bioassay were used to evaluate antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, respectively, in different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Hanzal), a well-known traditional Indian Unani medicinal plant. Objective: To develop a TLC-bioautographic-MS method for DPPH, α-amylase, and glucosidase inhibitors in different extract of C. colocynthis fruits. Method: Fruits of C. colocynthis were successively extracted with toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. TLC solvents were developed, and bioautographic-MS analysis was carried out to identify the antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. Results: HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed maximum numbers of band separated in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of C. colocynthis, fourteen and thirteen at 254 and 366 nm, respectively. Whereas six and five separated bands were observed in toluene extract at 254 and 366 nm, respectively showed minimum numbers of metabolites. Based on TLC-bioautography-MS, maximum number of antioxidant compounds were identified in dichloromethane extract. Except aqueous extract of C. colocynthis, all the extracts have shown antidiabetic activity. On the other hand, there were no antioxidant compounds in methanolic extract of C. colocynthis. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that TLC-bioautography-MS–guided strategy used to identify antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds of C. colocynthis is very useful technique for high-throughput screening of bioactive compounds. Highlights: TLC-MS bioautography is a simple and fast to enables bioactive compounds present in extracts.
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10

Kowalska, I., D. Jedrejek, K. Jonczyk, and A. Stochmal. "UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS analysis and TLC–DPPH· activity of wheat varieties." Acta Chromatographica 31, no. 2 (June 2019): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2017.00416.

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11

Elshrif, Shimaa S., Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy, Mahmoud I. Nassar, and Hesham R. El-Seedi. "Chemical Composition and TLC-DPPH-Radical Scavenging Activity ofCyperus alternifoliusRottb. Essential Oils." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 20, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2017.1354723.

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12

Mohamad, Habsah, Faridah Abas, Dharma Permana, Nordin H. Lajis, Abdul Manaf Ali, Mohd Aspollah Sukari, Taufiq Y. Y. Hin, Hiroe Kikuzaki, and Nobuji Nakatani. "DPPH Free Radical Scavenger Components from the Fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. ex. Bak. (Zingiberaceae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-11-1208.

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The methanol extract of the dried ripe fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana was investigated for its DPPH free radical scavenger constituents. 2′,3′,4′,6′-Tetrahydroxychalcone (7), which has never been isolated from natural sources was found to be most active as a DPPH free radical scavenger with the IC50 value of 55 μᴍ. Other known compounds isolated from this species include 5,6-dehydrokawain (1), flavokawin B (2), 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-hepten-3-one (3), (-)-pinocembrin (4), cardamonin (5) and (-)-pinostrobin (6). The DPPH free radical scavenger compounds were detected using TLC autographic analysis. The percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured on isolates (5-7) using colorimetric analysis.
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13

Marliani, Lia, Dadang Juanda, and Arif Rubianto. "Isolation of Antioxidant Compounds from Ethanol Extract of Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.) Rhizomes." Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia 38, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/api.v38i2.5209.

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Temu kunci (Beosenbergia pandurata Roxb.) is traditionally used to treat various diseases, and antioxidants are one of their utilization. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the antioxidant compounds of temu kunci rhizomes. Temu kunci rhizomes was extracted by maceration with ethanol 95%. Etanol extract was then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction, vacuum liquid chromatography, and classical column chromatography. Monitoring and testing the antioxidant activity used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with 0.2% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) reagent. Purity test was performed by a single development TLC using three different kinds of mobile system and two-dimensional TLC. Isolate BP-1 was isolated from the ethanol extract and active as an antioxidant. Based on ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectrums, isolate BP-1 was identified as flavanone in the absence of hydroxyl groups at the ortho position (o-diOH), with substitution of -OH at C5 and C7.Keywords: Temu kunci, Boesenbergia pandurata, DPPH, Antioxidant. AbstrakTemu kunci (Beosenbergia pandurata Roxb.) secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, salah satunya adalah sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi komponen antioksidan yang dimiliki temu kunci. Rimpang temu kunci diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 95%. Ekstrak etanol kemudian difraksinasi dengan ekstraksi cair-cair, kromatografi cair vakum, dan kromatografi kolom klasik. Aktivitas antioksidan kemudian dipantau dan diuji menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menggunakan reagen 0,2% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan pengembangan tunggal KLT menggunakan 3 macam fase gerak yang berbeda dan KLT dua-dimensi. Isolat BP-1 merupakan hasil isolasi dari ekstrak etanol dan aktif sebagai antioksidan. Berdasarkan spektrum UV-Vis dan inframerah, isolat BP-1 teridentifikasi sebagai flavanone karena adanya gugus hidroksil yang hilang pada posisi orto (o-diOH), dengan substitusi "“OH pada C5 dan C7.Kata kunci : Temu kunci, Boesenbergia pandurata, DPPH, antioksidan.
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Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif, Nanang Fakhrudin, and Subagus Wahyuono. "Isolation and Identification of DPPH Radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrylhidrazyl) Scavenging Active Compound in Ethyl acetat fraction of Piper acre Blume." Majalah Obat Tradisional 24, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.48173.

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Piper acre Blume, known as Black Betel (local name), is a plant that is widely used by the people of East Kalimantan, especially in Samarinda, for the treatment of illness. Leaves (3-4 months old) are collected from Samarinda, extracted, fractionated, and monitored by DPPH antiradical activity. The isolation of the Piper acre Blume is performed on the active fraction, and the structure identification is based on spectroscopic data of the compound. The leaves were dried, pulverized, and macerated with MeOH. Dried MeOH extract was obtained upon evaporation of the solvent. The extract was then fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (vlc), eluted gradually by solvents having different polarities (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The fractions obtained were monitored using TLC [n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1 v/v)] that was visualized by UV254 nm, UV366 nm and DPPH. The isolation was performed by preparative TLC [SiO2, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1)] on ethyl acetate fraction that showed the highest DPPH antiradical value. A single compound was obtained, and it appeared as a round spot and pure according to TLC performances at 3 different solvent systems. The isolated Piper acre Blume compound displayed the IC50 value on the anti-radical DPPH (measured at λ 520 nm) as 10.41µg/mL. The IR spectrum (KBr) showed –OH band (3450 cm-1), aliphatic bands [alkene, 3010 cm-1; alkana 2900 cm-1), an aromatic overtone bands (1900-200 cm-1) and a strong C=O band (1725 cm-1). The NMR (1H- and 13C-) (mono and 2D) indicated the present of a p-di-substituted aromatic signals (δ, 7.54 and 7.52, d, J =6 Hz, 1 H each), 2 methyl (δ, 0.96, d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6 Hs), a triplet signal (δ, 4.22 ppm). Other signals of CH- and CH2 were shown as m signals at δ, 1.64 and 1.34 ppm. Based on those data, the compound was identified as isoamyl p-OH benzoate that is grouped as parabens used as a preservative in the pharmaceutical preparations. In conclusion, the anti-radical (DPPH) active compound present in the leaves of Piper acre Blume is identified as isoamyl p-OH benzoate, having IC50 value anti-radical DPPH 10,41µg/mL.
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15

Ulfah, Maria, Ady Laksono Putro, and Efa Erfiana Safitri. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SELADA ROMAINE (Lactuca sativa var. Longifolia) DAN DAUN SELADA KERITING (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) BESERTA IDENTIFIKASI BEBERAPA SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN." JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 16, no. 01 (June 1, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v16i01.2925.

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ABSTRACTFree radicals are suspected as triggers of various degenerative diseases. Antioxidants are compounds that can counteract free radicals. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity by DPPH method and analyze the active compounds contained in romaine lettuce extract (Lactuca sativa var Longifolia) and lactuca sativa var Crishpa lettuce extract (Lactuca sativa var Crishpa). Romaine lettuce and and lactuca sativa var Crishpa was done extraction with a maceration method using 70% as ethanol solvent. The concentration of extract used was 12.5; 25; 50; 100; 200 and 400 ppm and vitamin C concentrations as comparison was 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2,5 and 3 ppm tested its antioxidant activity by DPPH method by spectrophotometry visible, until IC50 value was obtained. The identification of the active compound was performed by phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that romaine lettuce has IC50 value of 151,1515 ppm and lactuca sativa var Crishpa has IC50 value of 183,7560 ppm and vitamin C value was 1,7005 ppm. The chemical compounds contained in romaine ethanol extract and lactuca sativa var Crishpa lettuce extract are alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, IC50, TLC, Romaine, Lactuca sativa var Crishpa
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16

Listyo, Andriyani Budi, Dewi Kusrini, and Enny Fachriyah. "Isolation of Ferulic Acid from Leaves of Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) and Its Antioxidant Activity Test." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v3i1.11858.

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<p>Mindi (<em>Melia azedarach </em>L.) is one of a plant from <em>Meliaceae </em>family and has been known for its bioactive compound, such as ferulic acid. On this study, the isolation of ferulic acid and antioxidant activity test has been conducted. The aim of this study was to isolate the ferulic acid on ethanol extract of <em>Melia azedarach </em>L. leaves, determine the ferulic acid content and antioxidant activity test qualitatively. The method used in this research was isolation with hydrolysis (acid and base) and without hydrolysis, determining the phenolic acid content using TLC scanner instrument and antioxidant activity test qualitatively using DPPH radical reduction method. According to the identification using TLC and TLC scanner, the base hydrolysis fraction (HB), acid hydrolysis (HA), and without hydrolysis (HA) of ethanol extract from <em>Melia azedarach </em>L. was suspected contain the ferulic acid compound. The analysis result using TLC scanner was known to have ferulic acid content on HB, HA, and TH fraction of 15.57%,12.17%, and 9.56%, respectively. This study showed that hydrolysis affected the phenolic acid content where the HB fraction produced higher ferulic acid than HA and TH fraction. The antioxidant activity test that has been conducted qualitatively showed that ferulic acid isolates contained on each fraction actively reduce the DPPH radical.</p>
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17

Suyatno, Suyatno, Rukmaningsih Rukmaningsih, Noor Cholies Zaini, and Motoo Tori. "A FLAVONOL COMPOUND FROM Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt AND ITS ACTIVITY AS DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 3 (June 9, 2010): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21879.

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It has been separated a flavonol 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavone (kaemferol) from the methanol extract partitioned by ethyl acetate of the leaves of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt. This was obtained as yellow crystals with m.p. 271-273oC. Characterization of its molecular structure was carried out by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, 13C-NMR and FABMS). Kaemferol indicated the DPPH free radical scavenger activity in TLC autography. Keywords: Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt, flavone, kaemferol, DPPH free radical scavenger activity
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18

Susilawati, Susilawati, Sabirin Matsjeh, Harno Dwi Pranowo, and Chairil Anwar. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 2,6,4’-TRIHYDROXY-4-METHOXY BENZOPHENONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (November 3, 2011): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21407.

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Mahkota dewa plant (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) which is included into family of Thymelaeaceae is one of Indonesia's traditional medicines. Chemical constituent has been isolated from ethyl acetate extract of leaves of mahkota dewa. Sample was extracted with methanol, concentrated then extracted by n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was separated and fractionated by column chromatography. The first fraction was purified by TLC preparative and recrystalization. Compound was isolated as red-brown spherical crystal in 8 mg (m.p. 129-131 °C). Its spot gave dark fluoroscence at TLC plate (UV366) with Rf of 0.3 at TLC chromatogram with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (7:3); 0.6 with n-hexane : ethyl acetate (1:1); 0.9 with -hexane : ethyl acetate (4:6). This compound was dissolved in methanol. Compound was identified by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and NMR 2 dimension (HMQC, COSY, HMBC and DEPT-135) spectroscopic as 2,6,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenon. This compound as well as the ethyl acetate extract showed antioxidant activity on DPPH with IC50 was 10.57 and 101.06 μg/mL, respectively. This compound showed strong antioxidant activity on DPPH, almost to the standard antioxidant activity of quercetin (IC50 of 2.93 μg/mL)
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Efendy, Oscar, Ahmad Fathoni, Praptiwi Praptiwi, Mohammad Fathi Royyani, Dewi Wulansari, and Andria Agusta. "SKRINING AWAL AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK SEMUT (INSECTA: FORMICIDAE) DARI GARUT - JAWA BARAT." BERITA BIOLOGI 18, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i2.3621.

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Studies on the therapeutic use of insects and insect products have been neglected compared to the use of other animals or plants.This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ants extracts. Preliminary study related to antibacterial and antioxidant screeningof 17 extracts of ant colonies that belongs to 8 species were performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)-Bioautography. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The antibacterial activity was done against three pathogenic bacteria, i.e Bacillus subtilis InaCC B-1, Staphylococcus aureus InaCC B-4 and Escherichia coli InaCC B-5 were performed by non-eluted TLC-autobiography assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity of active extracts were determined by microdilution in 96-well microplate. The results showed 6 extracts active against B.subtilis, 5 extracts active against S.aureus. The lowest MIC value was 512 µg/ ml. Ten extracts had the antioxidant activity with various IC50 values. The extracts of ants might be used as bioactive resources for antibacterial and antioxidant.
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Esterhuizen, Lindy L., Riaan Meyer, and Ian A. Dubery. "Antioxidant Activity of Metabolites from Coleonema Album (Rutaceae)." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 5 (May 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100505.

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Coleonema album, a member of the South African ‘Fynbos’ biome, was evaluated for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. Ethanol- and acetone-based extracts from plant material obtained from two different geographical areas were analysed. A bioassay-guided fractionation methodology was followed for screening of active compounds. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-TLC method revealed the presence of a number of antioxidants which were quantified by the DPPH-spectrophotometric assay and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The C. album extracts possessed significant in vitro antioxidant activity, a large portion of which appeared to be contributed by the phenolic compounds. In contrast, the reducing power of the extracts could not be correlated with the observed antioxidant activity. Identification and structural information of the active components were obtained by a combination of preparative TLC and LC-MS which revealed the presence of coumarin aglycones and glycosides. The results of this study indicate that C. album contains strong antioxidants that warrant further investigation into the relationship between the structure and activity of the active coumarin metabolites.
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Kinam, Brigita Olivia Intan, Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo, Supriatno Supriatno, and Rolan Rusli. "Skrining Fitokimia dan Profil KLT Ekstrak dan Fraksi dari Daun Berenuk (Cresentia cujete L.) serta Uji DPPH." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 14 (December 31, 2021): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v14i1.600.

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Berenuk or Maja Leaves (Cresentia cujete L.) is a plant that grows in the tropics. In Indonesia, the use of Berenuk Leaves for health is not utilized optimally, and there is still a lack of research on this plant. To be able to be developed as a traditional medicinal ingredient, it is necessary to know the content of secondary metabolites contained in berenuk leaf extract. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites contained in berenuk leaf extract through phytochemical screening, TLC profile in C. cujete L. leaves. Extraction was carried out using methanol by maceration. After fractionation were carried out by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents. Then, a phytochemical analysis was screened and a TLC bioautography. Secondary metabolites by the compounds contained in C. cujete L. are alkaloids, tannins, saponins and steroids. C. cujete L. which has antioxidant activity was marked with yellow spots on TLC plates that had been sprayed with DPPH.
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Fathoni, Ahmad, Muhammad Ilyas, Praptiwi, Dewi Wulansari, and Andria Agusta. "Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Simeulue Island, Aceh." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.6.720-732.

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Natural products from endophytic fungi have a wide range of medicinal applications, including antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compounds derived from endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants collected from Simeulue Island by TLC dot-blot and microdilution assays. Eighty-one fungal extracts were screened for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus InaCC B-4 and Escherichia coli InaCC B-5, respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out by using free radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results of the TLC bioassay revealed that the fungal extracts have activities as antibacterial and antioxidant are 65 (against S. aureus), 57 (against E. coli), and 48 extracts (DPPH free radical scavenger). Two extracts, Phomopsis sp. 48BtSi-2.1 and Xylaria sp. 55DnSi-1.1, showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC value of 32 μg/ml. Furthermore, nine extracts (Schizophyllum sp. 20DnSi-1; Hyphomycetes 36BhSi-1.1; Phomopsis sp. 36DnSi-2.1; Schizophyllum sp. 39DnSi-1.1; Xylaria sp. 39RpSi-2.1; Phomopsis sp. 41BtSi-1.1; Phomopsis sp. 48BtSi-2.1; Lasiodiplodia sp. 48BtSi-3.1; Schizophyllum sp. 50DnSi-3) were strong activity against E. coli with MIC value ranges from 32 to 64 μg/ml. One extract, Xylaria sp. 04BtSi-2.2 has strong antioxidant activity as DPPH free radical scavenger with an IC50 value of 21.66 μg/ml (AAI value of >1).
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da Silva, Jucélia Barbosa, Vanessa dos Santos Temponi, Carolina Miranda Gasparetto, Rodrigo Luiz Fabri, Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão, Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto, Antônia Ribeiro, et al. "Vernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Antioxidants." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/698018.

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The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential ofVernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae). Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined through spectrophotometry and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, TLC-bioautography, reducing power of Fe+3, phosphomolybdenum, and TBA assays. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids ranged from 0.19 to 23.11 g/100 g and from 0.13 to 4.10 g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction. The IC50of DPPH assay varied from 4.28 to 75.10 µg/mL and TLC-bioautography detected the antioxidant compounds. The reducing power of Fe+3was 19.98 to 336.48 μg/mL, while the reaction with phosphomolybdenum ranged from 13.54% to 32.63% and 56.02% to 135.00% considering ascorbic acid and rutin as reference, respectively. At 30 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract and fractions revealed significant effect against lipid peroxidation. All these data sustain thatV. condensatais an important and promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant activity.
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El Euch, Salma Kammoun, Łukasz Cieśla, and Nabiha Bouzouita. "Free Radical Scavenging Fingerprints of Selected Aromatic and Medicinal Tunisian Plants Assessed by Means of TLC-DPPH• Test and Image Processing." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeel_euch.

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Abstract Aqueous-methanol extracts prepared from 10 Tunisian plant species were analyzed for the presence of potent direct antioxidants. The analyzed species included: Anacyclus clavatus Desf., Erica multiflora L., Cistus salvifolius L., Centaurium erythraea Rafn., Marrubium vulgare L., Lavandula stoechas L., Artemisia campestris L., Origanum majorana L., Salvia officinalis L., and Pistacia lentiscus L. All the extracts were chromatographed on the RP18 W plates with methanol–water–acetic acid (48 + 47 + 5, v/v/v) mobile phase. Upon completion of the chromatographic development and the drying step, the plates were stained with a chloroform solution of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•). An image processing protocol, with use of Sorbfil TLC Videodensitometer, was applied to quantitatively measure the activity of polyphenols and to screen complex samples for the presence of free radical scavengers. The activity of the individual compounds was compared with that of rutin, used as a standard. The TLC-DPPH• test showed that C. salvifolius had the most potent antioxidant activity, as it possessed the highest activity coefficient (calculated as the sum of the areas under the peaks of all active compounds/area under peak of rutin). The proposed procedure may be used to differentiate potent chain-breaking antioxidants and compounds propagating radical chain reactions.
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Nazer, Sadia, Saiqa Andleeb, Shaukat Ali, Nazia Gulzar, Tariq Iqbal, Muhammad A. R. Khan, and Abida Raza. "Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Biogenic Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Ajuga bractosa with Standard Antibiotics: A Study Against Bacterial Pathogens." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666191001123219.

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Background: Multi-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major concern of today. Green synthesis technology is being used to cure infectious diseases. Objectives: The aim of the current research was to analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Ajuga bracteosa. Methods: Extract of A. bracteosa was prepared by maceration technique. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using A. bracteosa extract and were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial, anti-biofilm, cell proliferation inhibition, TLC-Bioautography, TLC-Spot screening, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening were also investigated. Results: UV-Vis spectrum and Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of green nanoparticles at 400 nm with tube-like structures. FTIR spectrum showed that functional groups of nanoparticles have a role in capping and stability of AgNP. Agar well diffusion assay represented the maximum antibacterial effect of ABAgNPs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.10 g/mL concentration compared to ABaqu. Two types of interactions among nanoparticles, aqueous extract, and antibiotics (Synergistic and additive) were recorded against tested pathogens. Crystal violet, MTT, TLC-bio-autography, and spot screening supported the findings of the antibacterial assay. Highest antioxidant potential effect in ABaqu was 14.62% (DPPH) and 13.64% (ABTS) while 4.85% (DPPH) and 4.86% (ABTS) was recorded in ABAgNPs. Presence of phytochemical constituents showed pharmacological importance. Conclusion: It was concluded that green synthesis is an innovative technology in which natural products are conjugated with metallic particles and are used against infectious pathogens. The current research showed the significant use of green nanoparticles against etiological agents.
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Malaka, Muhammad Hajrul, Hartina Hartina, Adryan Fristiohady, Baru Sadarun, and I. Sahidin. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF PETROSIA SP. AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY." Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 7, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v7i3.6521.

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Sponges are marine organism that contain various chemical compound with potential pharmacological activities. This study aims to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of Petrosia sp. and its antioxidant properties. Extraction was performed by maceration using ethyl acetate. Isolation methods were carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), and Radial Chromatography (RC) technique. Isolated compound was identified by 1D-NMR (1H and 13C NMR) and 2D-NMR (HMQC and HMBC). Antioxidant assay was determined by its activity against ABTS radical. Isolated compound identified as an alkaloid namely 6-hydroxy-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,5-dihydro-1-Himidazo [4,5-c] piridine -2,4-dione. Antioxidant activity test showed Petrosia sp. extract was active as antioxidant with IC50 values 27.20 μg/mL against DPPH and 27.53 μg/mL against ABTS, whereas isolated compound was inactive against DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values 242.64 μg/mL. Meanwhile, Vitamin C was very active against DPPH and ABTS with IC50 21.51 μg/mL and 22.21 μg/mL, respectively.
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Babre, Nilesh P., T. Shivraj Gouda, and Narayanswamy Lachmanan Gowrishankar. "Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of Pentatropis nivalis(Asclepiadaceae)." International Journal of Phytomedicine 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2219.

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<p>The objective of present study was to evaluate preliminary phytoconstitutents and <em>invitro</em> antioxidant potential of <em>Pentatropis nivalis </em>(Asclepiadaceae). During the preliminary phytochemical analysis, methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of <em>Pentatropis nivalis</em> was screened for the presence of phenolic, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phytosterols. TLC of extracts were performed by using various solvent systems. Phytochemicals screening and TLC spots of MEPN and AEPN showed the presence of glycoside, steroids, terpenoids, phenolic, saponins, Methanolic extract showed better qualitative tests for presence of secondary metabolites than aqueous extract.The in-vitro antioxidant potential of extracts were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP, and both methods showed that the plant possesses good antioxidant activity.</p>
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Godjevac, Dejan, Vlatka Vajs, Nebojsa Menkovic, Vele Tesevic, Pedja Janackovic, and Slobodan Milosavljevic. "Flavonoids from flowers of Cephalaria pastricenis and their antiradical activity." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 69, no. 11 (2004): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0411883g.

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Two flavonoid glycosides 1 and 2 having the luteolin structure were isolated from flowers of the endemic plant species Cephalaria pastricensis. They were identified by 1H and 13C NMR, as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy. The structures of 1 and 2 were also confirmed by the spectral data of aglycones and TLC of the sugars obtained after acid hydrolysis. Flavones 1 and 2 showed significant antiradical activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
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Nie, Yingying, Wencong Yang, Yayue Liu, Jingming Yang, Xiaoling Lei, William H. Gerwick, and Yi Zhang. "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants mining from marine fungi: bioassays, bioactivity coupled LC–MS/MS analyses and molecular networking." Marine Life Science & Technology 2, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00065-9.

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Abstract Marine fungi are potentially important resources for bioactive lead compounds for discovering new drugs for diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this paper, the combined bioassay model of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and Artemia larval lethality was used to evaluate the activity and toxicity of 35 marine fungal strains from seas around China. Their bioactive constituents were revealed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) autography, bioactivity coupled LC–MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). The results show that the extracts of five strains exhibited higher AChE inhibition ratios than the positive control compound, ‘tacrine’, for which the ratio was 89.8% at 200 μg/ml. Six strains displayed both AChE inhibition (inhibition ratios > 20% at 200 μg/ml) and DPPH scavenging activity (scavenging ratios > 30% at 200 μg/ml) together with low Artemia larval toxicity (lethal rates < 12%). TLC autography showed that the fractioned extracts of four strains contained highly diverse and different bioactive constituents, including strains Talaromyces sp. C21-1, Aspergillus terreus C23-3, Trichoderma harzianum DLEN2008005, and Penicillium corylophilum TBG1-17. From the most potent sample F-11-1-b (derived from Aspergillus terreus C23-3), five AChE inhibitors and seven antioxidants were recognized as bioactive molecules by AChE coupled ultrafiltration followed by LC–MS/MS, and LC–MS/MS coupled with DPPH incubation. Furthermore, with the aid of GNPS, the AChE inhibitors were plausibly annotated as territrem analogues including territrems A–C/D, arisugacin A and an unknown compound 4, and the seven antioxidants were assigned as butyrolactone Ι, aspernolide E, a phenolic derivative and possibly unknown compounds 8–10 and 12.
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Sieniawska, E., T. Baj, J. Dudka, T. Mroczek, and K. Głowniak. "TLC-DPPH•activity-guided separation and LC-DAD-MS identification of antioxidant compounds fromMutellina purpureaL. herb." Acta Chromatographica 28, no. 1 (March 2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/achrom.28.2016.1.5.

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Guntarti, Any, Ratna Yuningtyas, Hari Susanti, and Zainab Zainab. "ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FLAVONOID LEVEL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST PURPLE CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. CAPITATA F. RUBRA) AND WHITE CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. CAPITATA F. ALBA) ETHANOL EXTRACT USING DPPH METHOD (1,1-DIFENIL-2-PIKRILHIDRAZIL)." Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v7i2.4369.

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Antioxidants are compounds that are needed by the body to protect the body from free radical attacks that can trigger the emergence of degenerative diseases. One of the compounds that has free radical scavenger activity by inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is flavonoids found in purple cabbage and white cabbage. This study aims to determine the total levels of flavonoids expressed as quercetin equivalent (EK) and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl). Identification of flavonoid compounds by Willstater test and determination of total flavonoid levels using spectrophotometry, AlCl3 reagent. Flavonoid levels were calculated using linear regression equations. Qualitative test for the presence of antioxidant activity using TLC and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method with the parameter value of ES50. The qualitative test results showed that the ethanol extract of purple cabbage and white cabbage contained flavonoids. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extract of purple cabbage was 5.17% w/w (EK) and ethanol extract of white cabbage was 3.84% w/w (EK). Qualitative test with TLC showed antioxidant activity. The standard antioxidant activity values ​​of quercetin, ethanol extract of purple cabbage and white cabbage were 2.138±0.064 µg/mL; 154.445±0,999 µg/mL and 373.546±1.336 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of purple cabbage is weak and white cabbage is very weak.
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Wulansar, Laela, Dewi Septaningsih, Tsania Purnomo, Reza Auliatifani, Khaydanur Khaydanur, Auliya Ilmiawati, Wina Yulianti, Nunuk Nengsih, Irma Suparto, and Wisnu Kusuma. "Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemical Profile, and Clustering of Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) Peel Extracts Using Different Solvent Extraction." Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.03.14.

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Pomegranate has valuable nutritional content and contains various bioactive compounds, one found in the fruit's peel. The utilization of these bioactive compounds could be used as herbal medicines and supplements, such as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity, phytochemical profile, and pomegranate peel extract grouping using different extracting solvents. The three extracting solvents used were water, 70% ethanol, and ethanol p.a. Antioxidant capacity of the three extracts was measured using the DPPH and CUPRAC methods. We also determined the total phenolic and flavonoid levels and the TLC fingerprint analysis and FTIR spectrum of the pomegranate peel extracts. The 70% ethanol extract owned the largest antioxidant capacity than the other two extracts with a value of 358.67 and 2981.59 µmol trolox/g dried sample using the DPPH and CUPRAC methods, respectively. The three pomegranate peel extracts' total phenolic and flavonoid levels ranged from 287.26–1068.81 mg GAE/g dried sample and 0.24-0.75 mg QE/g dried sample. TLC fingerprint analysis of pomegranate peel extract yielded 2, 6, and 6 bands for water extract, 70% ethanol, and p.a ethanol, respectively. The three extracts can be grouped based on FTIR spectrum data using principal component analysis using three principal components with a total variance of 93%. The results obtained show that using different extracting solvents provides different antioxidant capacities and phytochemical profiles.
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Sharma, Shweta, Ashika Chourasia, Varnika Kaushik, Gargi Nandi, Joshna Bhatia, and Rama Sisodia. "Effect of chemical and biological elicitors on antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2090.

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Medicinal plants are a known source of antioxidants and are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Exogenous application of elicitors can be used to improve the antioxidant profiles of medicinal plants enhancing their therapeutic potential. Present study aimed to study the effect of elicitors such as proline, salicylic acid and a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria- Azospirillum on antioxidant potential of medicinal plant - Ocimum sanctum. Semi-quantitative assay- thin layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative assays such as DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) for free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant responsive enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activities were used for the assessment based on standard protocols. Growth changes like number of leaves, root length, shoot length, total plant height, fresh weight and dry weight observed in response to the treatments given. Exogenous application of proline, salicylic acid and Azospirillum enhanced growth and overall antioxidant content of treated plants. Proline showed higher elicitation with high phenolic content (47.66 GAE/gm. wt.) and number of distinct bands (18) in TLC. The DPPH assay also showed higher free radical scavenging potential (70.32% reduction) of proline treated plants. Enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes CAT and SOD was also observed in all the treated plants. The study confirms the effectivity of using these elicitors for enhancing antioxidant potential of medicinal plants.
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Kurniawati, Pipin T., H. Soetjipto, and Leenawati Limantara. "ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF BIXIN PIGMENT FROM ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) SEEDS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2010): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21719.

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Research on Bixa orellana L. have been done to isolate, identify and determine bixin percentage, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of bixin from B. orellana seed. Isolation and identification of bixin was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, chemical test of bixin and UV-Vis double beam spectroscopy. Percentage of bixin was calculated by JECFA method, the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1-1 diphynilpicrylhidrazil) method while antibacterial activity was analyzed by the use of agar diffusion method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the crude extract contained 5 spot, where spot 5th was bixin. Bixa orellana has 75±3% of bixin. Antioxidant activity of bixin had IC50 548.5±20.0 ppm. Whereas the antibacterial activity of bixin against the Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus could be classified as weak inhibition category at 500-750 μg and medium inhibition category at 1500 μg. Keywords: Bixa orellana L., bixin, antioxidant, antibacteria
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Asri, Muhammad Ikhwan, Sabaruddin Sabaruddin, and Fitriana Fitriana. "ISOLASI FUNGI ENDOFIT DAUN Srikaya (Annona muricata L.) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN SECARA KLT-AUTOGRAFI." Journal Microbiology Science 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56711/jms.v1i1.818.

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Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals that produced by endophyte microbes. This study aims to isolate endophyte fungi and antioxidant activity of isolate endophyte fungi of Annona muricata L. leave used TLC-Autograph Method. The result of isolation endophyte fungi Annona muricata L. leaves obtained 7 isolates namely FES1, FES2, FES3, FES4, FES5, FES6, dan FES7 colonies. Isolates of endophytic fungi were purified by quadran steak method to obtain pure isolates. The pure isolates obtained were fermented in Maltosa Yeast Broth (MYB) medium using shaker at 200 rpm for 7 x 24 hours to obtain secondary metabolites namely mycelia and supernatant. The results of testing the antioxidant activity of the supernatant extract of endophytic fungi isolates by TLC-Autograph using 0.04% DPPH spray reagent showed that the endophytic fungi isolate FES2 had free radical activity at Rf values of 0.94 and 0.87.
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Parys, Wioletta, Małgorzata Dołowy, and Alina Pyka-Pająk. "Significance of Chromatographic Techniques in Pharmaceutical Analysis." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010172.

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This work presents an overview of the modern approaches embracing advanced equipment and validation parameters of both liquid and gas chromatography techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column liquid chromatography (CLC), and gas chromatography (GC), suitable for the identification and quantitative determination of various bioactive compounds occurring in pharmaceutical products and medicinal plants in the time from 2020 to 2021 (November). This review confirmed that HPLC is an incredibly universal tool, especially when combined with different detectors, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and fluorescence detection for numerous active ingredients in different pharmaceutical formulations without interferences from other excipients. TLC, in combination with densitometry, is a very efficient tool for the determination of biologically active substances present in pharmaceutical preparations. In addition, TLC coupled to densitometry and mass spectrometry could be suitable for preliminary screening and determination of the biological activity (e.g., antioxidant properties, thin layer chromatography (TLC) by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) of plant materials. Gas chromatography, coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS), is of particular importance in the testing of any volatile substances, such as essential oils. LC, coupled to NMR and MS, is the best solution for identifying and studying the structure of unknown components from plant extracts, as well as degradation products (DPs). Thanks to size-exclusion chromatography, coupled to multi-angle light scattering, the quality control of biological pharmaceuticals is possible.
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Cetkovic, Gordana, Sonja Djilas, Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet, and Vesna Tumbas. "Thin-layer chromatography analysis and scavenging activity of marigold (Calendula officinalis L) extracts." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 34 (2003): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0334093c.

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The methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts were obtained by extraction of marigold flower (Calendula officinalis L). The content of total phenolic compounds, determined by UV spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, was 15.12 mg/g. The content of total flavonoids, determined by UV spectrophotometric method according to Markham, was 5.13 mg/g. Qualitative determination of phenolic compounds in the extracts was performed by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) procedures. The results of one- and two-dimensional TLC analyses showed that different flavonoids and phenolic acids were present in the investigated extracts. The greatest number of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and some unidentified flavonoid glycosides) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric and vanillic acid) were deteminated in methanol extract. The influence of marigold extracts, in concentration range 0.6-1.2 mg/mL, on 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. All extracts showed scavenging activity (SA) in the following order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > methanol > water > chloroform > petroleum ether. The SA increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exibited the most significant SA. These extracts in concentration of 1.2 mg/mL eliminated completely DPPH radicals. The lowest SA had chloroform and petroleum ether extracts (in concentration of 0.6 mg/mL SA=0%). The SA of marigold extracts is attributed to its hydrogen-donating ability and scavenging effect.
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Idayati, Eny, Suparmo Suparmo, and Purnama Darmadji. "POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MESOCARP BUAH LONTAR (Borassus fl abeliffer L.) SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI (Potency of Mesocarp Bioactive Compounds in Lontar Fruit (Borassus fl abeliffer L.) as A Source of Natural Antioxidant)." Jurnal Agritech 34, no. 03 (October 24, 2014): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9455.

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This study was aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of borassus palm fruit mesocarp, to determine the best type of solvent to extract bioactive compounds by maceration method, and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds using DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) method. Carotenoid was separated based on TLC(thin layer chromatography) method, which produced spots. To confi rm the results, the spots were scanned using UV-vis spectrofotometry. The results showed that the water content of borassus fruit mesocarp was 77.31%, while total fat, ash content, and tannin were 0.11%, 1.43%, 0.08%, respectively. Total Carotenoid was 8324.6 µg/100g with β carotene content was 6217.48 microgram/100g. The best solvent used in extracting the bioactive compounds was ethanol and acetone with (1:1) ratio. The highest yield was 4.3% and bioactive compounds in palm fruit mesocarpextracts as antioxidants was about 87% as carried out by DPPH method, so it could become a potential antioxidant. TLC Identifi cation produced two spots. One spot was identifi ed as carotenoids from xanthophyll group and the other one was β-carotene.Keywords: Natural antioxidants, borassus palm fruit mesocarp, bioactive compounds ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi senyawa bioaktif dalam mesocarp buah lontar berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia, mengetahui jenis pelarut terbaik untuk mengekstrak senyawa bioaktif dengan metode maserasi, serta mengevaluasi sifat antioksidan senyawa bioaktif mesocarp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Dasarpemisahan karotenoid dengan metoda KLT (kromatografi lapis tipis) pada ekstrak lalu dikuatkan dengan hasil scanning menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesocarp buah lontar mengandung kadar air 77,31%; total lemak 0,11%, kadar abu 1,43%; tanin 0,08%; total karotenoid 8324,6 µg/100g dengan kandungan senyawa karoten 6217,48 µg/100g. Perlakuan pelarut terbaik untuk proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif adalah etanol dan aseton dengan rasio (1:1). Hasil rendemen tertinggi yaitu 4,3% dan potensi senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak mesocarp buah lontar sebagai antioksidan dengan metode DPPH yaitu sekitar 87%, sehingga berpotensi sebagai salahsatu senyawa antioksidan. Identifi kasi dengan metode KLT yang menghasilkan 2 noda yaitu noda 1 diduga karotenoid dari golongan xantofi l dan noda 2 yatu karoten.Kata kunci: Antioksidan alami, mesocarp lontar, senyawa bioaktif
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Muhammad Nur Fauzi. "Uji Kualitatif dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos (L.)Correa) dengan Metode DPPH." Jurnal Riset Farmasi 1, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v1i1.25.

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Abstract. Indonesia is a country with the third largest tropical forest in the world. The number of medicinal plants in Indonesia is estimated to be around 1,260 types of plants. Plants produce secondary metabolites that have potential as antioxidants. One of the plants that contains a lot of secondary metabolites is maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr). The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in maja fruit extracts and to determine the antioxidant activity contained in maja fruit extracts using the DPPH method. The research was conducted by extracting maja fruit samples using maceration method to obtain a thick extract. The extracts obtained were tested for secondary metabolites, TLC test, and antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method using Uv-vis spectrophotometry. The results of this study indicate that maja fruit extract contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. TLC results obtained Rf 0.512. The result of antioxidant activity of maja fruit extract obtained by IC50 was 269.153 µg / mL. and IC50 vitamin C as a comparison obtained 28,907µg / mL. This shows that the antioxidant activity of maja fruit extract is smaller than the antioxidant activity of vitamin C. Abstrak. Indonesia adalah negara dengan hutan tropis paling besar ketiga di dunia, Jumlah tumbuhan berkhasiat obat di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 1.260 jenis tumbuhan. Tumbuhan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu tanaman yang banyak mengandung metabolit sekunder adalah tanaman maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak buah maja dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat pada ekstrak buah maja dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi sampel buah maja dengan metode maserasi untuk memperoleh ekstrak kental. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dilakukan uji metabolit sekunder, uji KLT, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometri Uv-vis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah maja mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan glikosida. Hasil KLT diperoleh Rf 0,512. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan ektrak buah maja yang diperoleh dengan IC50 adalah 269,153 µg/mL. dan IC50 vitamin c sebagai pembanding diperoleh 28,907µg/mL. hal ini menunjukan bahwa daya aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah maja lebih kecil dibanding dengan daya aktivitas antioksidan vitamin C. Kata Kunci: , ,
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Gyawali, Rajendra, Bijay Bhattarai, Susan Bajracharya, Surakshya Bhandari, Puja Bhetwal, Kanchan Bogati, Shardul Neupane, et al. "α-Amylase Inhibition, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.143.

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Introduction: Antioxidant and α-Amylase inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand leaves were evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. The extract was fractionated in Silica gel loaded column chromatography (CC). All fractions were evaluated for their purity by TLC. Out of 11 fractions from CC, one fraction was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was found satisfactory (IC50268.80 µg/ml) as compared with ascorbic acid (141.82 µg/ml). TLC of a fractions showed a compound at Rf value at 0.45 in toluene: chloroform: methanol with mobile phase ratio 7:2:1 respectively. Conclusions: Total 17 compounds were identified by GC-MS of ethyl acetate fraction and 5-hydroxyl methyl furfural was major furan compound (59.49%). α-Amylase inhibitory activity of the same fraction showed IC50 value of 0.94 mg/ ml. The Nepalese originated C. gigentea (L.) Dryand possesses antioxidant and α-Amylase inhibitory property.
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Drobac, Milica, Jelena Kukic-Markovic, Marina Milenkovic, Marjan Niketic, and Silvana Petrovic. "The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antiradical properties of the essential oil of Achillea grandifolia aerial parts from Serbia." Botanica Serbica 45, no. 2 (2021): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102233d.

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Aromatic plants and essential oils have many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. The essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Achillea grandifolia, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed for its constituents and investigated for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) with 1,8-cineole (29.2%) and camphor (23.4%) being the most abundant. Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantities (4.8%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against eight ATCC bacterial strains and two ATCC strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited highly pronounced antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with a MIC value of 3.50 ?g/mL, as well as significant antimicrobial activity (<100 ?g/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. Achillea grandifolia essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an SC50 value of 5.4 mg/mL. The TLC-DPPH assay revealed two main light yellow spots indicating components with anti-DPPH activity, which after isolation were identified as 1,8-cineole and camphor.
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Rahmi, Azimatur, Nadya Hardi, and Linda Hevira. "AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK, PISANG MAS DAN PISANG NANGKA MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 18, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v18i2.5961.

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ABSTRACTBanana is one of the most common crops in Indonesia. Banana peel contains phenolic antioxidant compounds. This study used extraction, DPPH, and spectrophotometry to determine the potential antioxidant activity of three types of banana peels, namely kepok banana peel, trout banana peel, and jackfruit banana peel. Banana peel simplisia powder was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. The resulting banana peel extract was then phytochemical screening for flavonoid compounds, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. This antioxidant activity test used a qualitative method using TLC and quantitative method with reagent of 0.2 N DPPH by UVVis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the three banana peels tested had antioxidant activity and it is classified as active. The IC50 values for the ethanolic extracts of kepok banana peel, trout banana peel, and jackfruit banana peel were 9,702 ppm, 13,322 ppm and 10,747 ppm respectively. Ascorbic acid as a comparison obtained an IC50 value of 9,613 ppm. From the data obtained, kepok banana peel extract has the highest antioxidant than extract of trout banana peel, and jackfruit banana peel.Keywords: antioxidant, DPPH, jackfruit banana peel, kepok banana peel, trout banana peel
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43

Kesri Nandan Sharma and Nitu Bhatnagar. "HPTLC study to determine the antioxidant activity of dried leaves of Portulaca oleracea L." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4174.

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This present study involves the assessment of the anti-oxidant activity study of the sample which was obtained from the methanolic extracts of dried leaves of Portulaca Oleracea L.(common name Purslane). Purslane is a rich source of Vitamin A, Vitamin-C and some other B-complex vitamins like riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and carotenoids which are known powerful natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. This methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated for the determination of its anti-oxidant efficiency by using 1,1–diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) by using Silica TLC plates on Camag High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) system using visionCATS software. Densitograms and chromatographs obtained show the presence of anti-oxidant activity. It is a rapid, inexpensive and straightforward method to measure anti-oxidant properties of substances after separation by HPTLC. It involves the use of the free radical, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which is widely used to test the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to evaluate anti-oxidant activity. When Anti-oxidants substances react with DPPH, which is a stable free radical becomes paired off in the presence of a hydrogen donor (e.g., a free radical scavenging anti-oxidant) and is reduced to the DPPHH. As a consequence, the absorbance's decreased from the DPPH.
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Giri, Sagarananda, Usha Giri, Kushal Subedi, Kosheli Thapa Magar, Sudhan Pant, and Khem Raj Joshi. "Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Based Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Nepalese Medicinal Plants." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 10, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.158.

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Introduction: Numerous locally accessible plants in Nepal are left unseen. So, exploring their antioxidant activity for medicinal purposes can be beneficial in treating various diseases. Antioxidants have great importance in terms of reducing oxidative stress that causes damage to biological molecules. The qualitative analysis of chemical constituents using a chromatographic technique like TLC plays a pivotal role in this aspect. The present study aimed at performing chemical profiling using thin-layer chromatographic technique and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants. Methods: Firstly, TLC profiling of 70% methanolic extracts of eighteen medicinal plants was done using preparative TLC plate in two different ratio of chloroform, methanol and water. Then, antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay by using a 96 well plate method at wavelength 510 nm in which Trolox was taken as standard. Results: Flavonoids, tannins, saccharides, and phenols were identified from TLC profiling. The yield value of Sapium insigne leaves extracts i.e. 20.52% was highest and Monochoria vaginalis leaves possess the least i.e. 3.93%. Solena heterophylla leaves extract with IC50 amount i.e. 21 µg/ml was found most potent among all the plant extracts. Conclusion: The results imply that the extract of ethnomedicinal plants is rich with a variety of phytochemicals, which can be used as natural antioxidants. However, further studies are warranted to isolate and identify the chemical and biological properties of obtained extracts for the provision of scientific evidence for traditional uses.
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Kekuda, T. R. Prashith, K. S. Vinayaka, D. Swathi, Y. Suchitha, T. M. Venugopal, and N. Mallikarjun. "Mineral Composition, Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of a MacrolichenEverniastrum cirrhatum(Fr.) Hale (Parmeliaceae)." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 1886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/420673.

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In the present study, we investigated for the first time mineral composition, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of a foliose macrolichenEverniastrum cirrhatum(Fr.) Hale (Parmeliaceae) from Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka, India. Mineral content of the lichen was estimated by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer after acid digestion. The secondary metabolites were detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical assays. The lichen material was extracted with methanol in soxhlet apparatus. Total phenol content was estimated by folin ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, Ferric reducing and metal chelating assays. Among the principal elements, calcium was found in high concentration followed by magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. Among trace elements, iron was detected in high amount followed by zinc, manganese and copper. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be dose dependent with an IC50of 6.73 μg/mL. In ferric reducing assay, the absorbance increased with the concentration of extract suggesting reducing power. The extract exhibited good metal chelating activity with an IC50value of 29.28 μg/mL. Total phenol content was 101.2 mg tannic acid equivalents per gram of extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. TLC revealed atranorin, salazinic acid and protolichesterinic acid. The lichen can be consumed as a source of minerals required for the body as appreciable amount of minerals has been detected. The marked antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of phenol content in the extract. Further studies on isolation of metabolites and their bioactivities are under investigation.
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Ramadhan, Hafiz, Putri Indah Sayakti, Nor Liliyana, and Nafila. "THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GELLING AGENTS ON THE SUN PROTECTION FACTOR FROM EMULGEL FORMULA OF BINJAI (MANGIFERA CAESIA JACK. EX. WALL) LEAVES METHANOL EXTRACT." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.2.

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Binjai (Mangifera Caesia Jack. Ex. Wall) is one of the Mangifera species with a better antioxidant source and significantly high phenolic-flavonoid contents. Exploring the bioactive potential of Binjai must be necessary for the treatment and prevention of UV-mediated diseases to be developed due to sunscreen emulgel. This study aims to identify quercetin and mangiferin, and determine the sun protection factor (SPF) of Binjai leaves and the effect of the different gelling agents on the sunscreen emulgel SPF. Binjai leaves were extracted with methanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the remaining methanol solvent. The quercetin and mangiferin identification was examined by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) spray-on TLC. The emulgel was made using three optimum formulas with different gelling agents (Carbopol, Na-CMC, and tragacanth). The SPF was determined by measuring the absorbance using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The extract was identified as not containing methanol solvent residual. Identification with TLC showed one yellow spot from the extract that was parallel with quercetin and also mangiferin on a purple background after spraying the DPPH. The extract with a concentration of 2500 ppm obtained an SPF of 23.01 compared to quercetin (50 ppm) which has an SPF of 16.93. The emulgel of the extract with the highest SPF of 21.38 was obtained from the Carbopol formula. The methanol extract of Binjai leaves has ultra-protection as a sunscreen with the variation of different gelling agents on the emulgel preparation did not affect the in vitro sunscreen activity.
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47

Olabinjo, Oyebola Odunayo, and Alessandra Lopez Oliveira. "Comparative study of extraction yield and antioxidant property of sweet orange peels (Citrus Sinesis) essential oil." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.06.

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The research evaluates the extraction yield and antioxidant potentials of essential oil (EO) of sweet orange peels using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), Soxhlet (Sox) and hydro distillation (HD). The extracts were investigated to find out the antioxidant properties using 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS•+). PLE and Soxhlet extracted essential oil showed additional polyphenol compounds and tannins using thin layerchromatogram (TLC) and chemical analyses,respectively. Hydrodistillation indicating a pure essential oil without identified tannins and polyphenols with the highest ABTS activity compared to other produced essential oils of PLE and Soxhlet. The major chemical constituents of the pure essential oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and they include limonene (90.72%), myrcene (2.82%) and octanol acetate (1.24%). PLE had moderate high yield within short extraction time and the highest antioxidant (DPPH) and can be adjusted to individual materials to maximize the extraction yield and antioxidant property.
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Kazemi, Mohsen. "Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Nigella sativa L." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22732.

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The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from N. sativa was analyzed by GC/MS and the components identified were: p-cymene (22.05%) followed by ?-thujene (6%), ?-pinene (1.11%), camphene (11%), sabinene (1%), ?-pinene (7%), ?-myrcene (0.21%), ?-phellandrene (0.45%), limonene (0.13), ?-terpinene (5.12%), terpinolene (0.23%), camphor (1%), carvone (0.32%), thymoquinone (20.32%), thymol (10.12%), carvacrol (10%), longicyclene (0.9%) and borneol (0.43). The oils were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Thymol (13.0 ± 0.8 ?g/ml), thymoquinone (12.6 ± 0.0 ?g/ml) and carvacrol (12.03 ± 0.0 ?g/ml) showed appreciable antioxidant activity in DPPH test. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of the oil was carried out by the TLC-bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compound which were identified as thymoquinone (51%), thymol (25%) and carvacrol (8%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22732 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 111-116, 2015 (March)
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Spagnoletti, Antonella, Alessandra Guerrini, Massimo Tacchini, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Claudia Leone, Immacolata Maresca, Giovanna Simonetti, Gianni Sacchetti, and Letizia Angiolella. "Chemical Composition and Bio-efficacy of Essential Oils from Italian Aromatic Plants: Mentha suaveolens, Coridothymus capitatus, Origanum hirtum and Rosmarinus officinalis." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 10 (October 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101023.

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The chemical composition, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils (EOs) of mint (Mentha suaveolens), thyme (Coridothymus capitatus), oregano (Origanum hirtum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were investigated. The antifungal properties of the EOs were investigated against four species of Candida by a microdilution method. Cytotoxicity was tested on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines using the MTT test. DPPH• and ABTS•+ spectrophotometric assays and DPPH•- ABTS•+(HP)TLC-bioautographic assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The main compounds of thyme and oregano EOs were carvacrol and thymol, respectively; piperitenone oxide and γ-terpinene were the most abundant compounds of mint and rosemary EOs, respectively. All EOs showed activity against all Candida species in a range between 760 ± 290 to 3120 ± 0.0 μg/mL. Among the EOs, that of M. suaveolens showed a stronger cytotoxic activity on HaCaT cells. Thyme, oregano and rosemary EOs exhibited important antioxidant activities by ABTS•+ assay compared with trolox.
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50

Olabinjo, Oyebola Odunayo, and Alessandra Lopez Oliveira. "Comparative study of extraction yield and antioxidant property of sweet orange peels (Citrus Sinesis) essential oil." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.06.

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The research evaluates the extraction yield and antioxidant potentials of essential oil (EO) of sweet orange peels using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), Soxhlet (Sox) and hydro distillation (HD). The extracts were investigated to find out the antioxidant properties using 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS•+). PLE and Soxhlet extracted essential oil showed additional polyphenol compounds and tannins using thin layerchromatogram (TLC) and chemical analyses,respectively. Hydrodistillation indicating a pure essential oil without identified tannins and polyphenols with the highest ABTS activity compared to other produced essential oils of PLE and Soxhlet. The major chemical constituents of the pure essential oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and they include limonene (90.72%), myrcene (2.82%) and octanol acetate (1.24%). PLE had moderate high yield within short extraction time and the highest antioxidant (DPPH) and can be adjusted to individual materials to maximize the extraction yield and antioxidant property.
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