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1

Hayward, K. M., and Muljono. "The dental/alveolar contrast in Javanese." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, no. 1 (February 1991): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00009642.

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The present paper describes a palatographic investigation of Javanese coronal stops. Javanese exhibits stop consonants at both dental and alveolar places of articulation. In the current roman orthography, the dentals are represented by the single letterst, d, while the alveolars are represented by the digraphsth, dh. Thus, for example,titik[titI?] ‘full stop’ contrasts withthithik[titI?] ‘a little’.
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2

Massaquoi, Ambrose. "Titi Bum Boat." Iowa Review 27, no. 2 (July 1997): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4913.

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3

Schlenker, Philippe, Emmanuel Chemla, Cristiane Cäsar, Robin Ryder, and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Titi semantics: Context and meaning in Titi monkey call sequences." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 35, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-016-9337-9.

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4

Chagas, RRD, and SF Ferrari. "Population parameters of the endangered titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi and Langguth, 1999, in the fragmented landscape of southern Sergipe, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 3 (August 2011): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000400001.

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The recently-discovered titi, Callicebus coimbrai, is endemic to the coastal Brazilian Atlantic Forest south of the São Francisco River, a region with a long tradition of deforestation. While a number of C. coimbrai populations have now been identified, little is known about basic population parameters. Considering the importance of this information for conservation planning, the population of a site in southern Sergipe (with a total area of forest of approximately 500 ha) was surveyed between April and October 2008. Standard line transect procedures were used in the four largest fragments, and additional monitoring included the use of playback broadcasts for the observation of titi groups. The presence of titis was confirmed in all the forest fragments at the site, including one of only five hectares. Two other primates - Callithrix jacchus and Cebus xanthosternos - were also recorded at the site, but were less abundant than titis. A total transect walk of 476 km provided 164 sightings of primates, the majority of which (104) were of Callicebus coimbrai. Titi groups ranged in size between two and five individuals. The most reliable estimate of overall population density, derived from the combined data set, was 12.6 individuals per km²;, although density was much higher in smaller (more disturbed) fragments. The total population of Callicebus coimbrai at the site was estimated to be at least 50 individuals, which may represent a considerable proportion of the population of the species remaining in the wild. In addition to its apparent tolerance of habitat fragmentation, densities of C. coimbrai recorded at the site compare favourably with those of other Atlantic Forest titi species.
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5

Tetelay, Febian F., Lily Pelupessy, Yacob Rahayaan, Bronie S. Serlaloy, Hein A. Nimreskossu, and Rizaldy R. Tuharea. "PERTUMBUHAN AWAL TITI (Gmelina moluccana)." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2020.4.2.122.

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Titi or Gmelina moluccana is a type of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Maluku. Although this species is local, there is still very little information about its growth. This study aims to determine the growth of this species from planting in the field until the sixth year, environmental factors that affect its growth. Data collected in the form of plant height and diameter, air temperature, humidity, soil pH, soil moisture, sunlight intensity. Environmental factors are then related to plant height and diameter to determine environmental factors that affect the growth of these plants through multiple linear regression equations. Besides, the mean annual increment and the current annual increment is also calculated to determine the cycle of this plant. Based on the results of research, Titi plants up to the sixth year have an men annual increment and the current annual increment is 0.99 meters/year and 1.46 meters for height and 1.62 cm/year and 2.50 cm for diameter. Until the sixth year this species has not entered the techniquecycle, while for woodworking purposes, this species can be harvested at the age of 24.5 years. Environmental factors that affect the growth of Titi are soil pH and soil moisture.
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6

Clyvia, A., M. C. Kaizer, R. V. Santos, R. J. Young, and C. Cäsar. "Do wild titi monkeys show empathy?" Primate Biology 1, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-1-23-2014.

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Abstract. We observed a putative case of empathy among wild black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) from two different groups (D and R). In over 10 years of behavioural observations of five habituated groups of this species, only low levels of inter-group tolerance have been observed. However, on one day, we encountered the adult male from group D limping (poor hind limb motor coordination) as he travelled alone along the ground. Interestingly, we observed that members of group R did not express any agonistic behaviour towards this neighbouring male and apparently allowed this disabled individual to follow them in the forest for over 5 h. They stayed low in the forest (< 2 m above the ground) and < 10 m horizontally from the individual, and remained in visual contact with him. At the end of the day, this male from group D slept in the sleeping site of group R and was groomed by the adult female of group R. Such tolerance between members of different groups has never been previously observed in this species. Furthermore, group R exposed themselves to increased predation risk by staying close to the ground for protracted periods. The behaviour of group R could be interpreted by as a putative case of empathic responding in this species.
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7

Keskiner, Sarp. "Titi Robin'le Söyleşi: Durduğum An Yoruluyorum." Meltem �zmir akdeniz akademisi dergisi 2, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32325/iaad.2018.5.

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8

Moynihan, M. "Communication in the Titi monkey, Callicebus." Journal of Zoology 150, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 77–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1966.tb02999.x.

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9

Massaquoi, Ambrose. "Titi Bum Boat Is a Towel." Iowa Review 27, no. 2 (July 1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4915.

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10

Regalado, A. "Discovery of a New Titi Monkey." Science 341, no. 6145 (August 1, 2013): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.341.6145.451.

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11

Ginane Bezerra, Rafael. "Agora que a Titi se foi." Belas Infiéis 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v9.n2.2020.27526.

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Condensando várias décadas, “Agora que a Titi se foi” articula complexos jogos temporais em relação à vida da protagonista, da sua família e da história argentina. Inicialmente, nos anos 60, vislumbra-se a infância de duas mulheres: “Titi”, presente no título e nomeada recorrentemente nas páginas do conto, e sua irmã, a narradora que não chegamos a conhecer o nome. Em seguida, tendo como pano de fundo os anos de maior violência da ditadura argentina, ambas são retratadas em plena adolescência. Por fim, relata-se a desconcertante descoberta da maturidade num cenário em que muitos dos personagens se foram, mas cujos fantasmas insistem em aparecer.
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12

Koirala, Amit, Basanti Roshan Pradhan Shrestha, Bishwas Gurung, and Raju Bajracharya. "A Mixed Method Study on Trainees Satisfaction Towards Training Services." Journal of Training and Development 2 (August 11, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15430.

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Training is a means to an end. It is not an end itself. Training is teaching or developing once knowledge, skills, capabilities and performance. In today’s world it is believe that training plays a vital role in developing human capabilities. So every training institute or training organization needs to understand their internal strengths, weakness and external opportunities and threats. Training institute for technical instruction (TITI) a pioneer institute in Nepal especially for providing skill based training in technical education and vocational training (TEVT) sector also need to identify its internal strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. During its 25 years of excellence in training throughout Nepal and abroad its necessary to know TITI trainees satisfaction towards training services. In this context, we pursued to gain an in-depth understanding on satisfaction of trainees towards training services of TITI in respect towards teaching methodology. Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur districts of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal were selected for the study. Eight key participants voluntarily participated in this study where as 343 respondents were surveyed using five points likert scale. A parallel mixed method approach was employed to gain insight into TITI trainee’s satisfaction towards TITI training services in respect to teaching methodology.
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13

Tetelay, Febian F., Lily Pelupessy, Yacob Rahayaan, Bronnie S. Serlaloy, Hein A. Nimreskossu, and Rizaldy R. Tuharea. "DEVELOPMENT OF TITI PLANT (Gmelina moluccana) SIX YEARS AFTER PLANTING." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2020.4.1.44.

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Titi (Gmelina moluccana) is one of the native species that grow in Maluku. The information such as the growth and development of this species was still lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of Titi plants at six years after planting. This research was studied lasted for six years and the measured data were plant height and diameter for six years. The method used is to analyze the development of the Titi plant based on the growth phase of the tree. The results showed that Titi plants after six years of planting had been in the growth phase of saplings or young trees and this type was species that in catagory fast growing because it almost reaches its economic cycle. These plants can be used for forest cultivation and industrial raw materials.
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14

Heiduck, Stefanie. "The use of disturbed and undisturbed forest by masked titi monkeys Callicebus personatus melanochir is proportional to food availability." Oryx 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000200.

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The masked titi Callicebus personatus melanochir is a threatened primate, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest of eastern Brazil. The Atlantic rainforest has been reduced to only 5% of its former extent, and only 2% consists of undisturbed forest. The survival of the masked titi monkey is therefore dependent on its ability to utilise disturbed forest habitat. A group of four masked titi monkeys was observed for one year in a plot that contained both disturbed and undisturbed forest. The group used a home range of 22 ha, which comprised 58% undisturbed forest, 31% selectively logged forest and 11% forest that was regrowing after a clear-cut. The titi monkeys did not use the different forest types in proportion to the availability of each within their home range: undisturbed forest was used more than expected from its proportional availability, and disturbed forest was used less than expected. Use of forest types appeared to be determined by the availability of food resources. Undisturbed forest had the most food per unit area and regrowing forest had the least. This study shows that masked titi monkeys may be able to survive in disturbed forest habitats if these areas are of high enough quality to contain sufficient food and other resources.
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15

Dolotovskaya, Sofya, Camilo Flores Amasifuen, Caroline Elisabeth Haas, Fabian Nummert, and Eckhard W. Heymann. "Active anti-predator behaviour of red titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)." Primate Biology 6, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-6-59-2019.

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Abstract. Due to their inconspicuous behaviour and colouration, it has been assumed that titi monkeys' main anti-predator behaviour is passive crypsis and hiding. So far, active predator mobbing has been documented only for black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons. Here we report for the first time mobbing behaviour of red titi monkeys, Plecturocebus cupreus (previously Callicebus cupreus), as reaction to an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and a Boa constrictor. We also report other active anti-predator behaviours, such as alarm calling and approaching, as reactions to tayras (Eira barbara) and raptors. Our observations provide additional evidence for sex differences in anti-predator behaviour, possibly related to the evolution and maintenance of social monogamy.
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16

Aldrich, Brooke Catherine, Lucy Molleson, and K. A. I. Nekaris. "Vocalizations as a conservation tool: an auditory survey of the Andean titi monkey Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) at Tarangue, Northern Peru." Contributions to Zoology 77, no. 1 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07701001.

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Titi monkeys (Callicebus), morphologically cryptic primates, have been difficult to survey using traditional sighting-based line transect methods. Callicebus-species regularly engage in loud, ritualized singing bouts, which could allow for the use of alternate, potentially more accurate call-based survey methods to monitor populations. The Andean titi monkey, C. oenanthe, is endemic to a small region of northern Peru, an area subject to widespread and rapid deforestation and human colonization. We conducted a call-based survey of C. oenanthe at Tarangue, a 74 ha private reserve near Moyobamba. Triangulation of calls was used to map groups of titi monkeys on and around the reserve. 73 mapped calls were used to estimate the presence of between three and six groups per listening area - a total of 23 groups entirely or partially within the borders of Tarangue, yielding an estimated population density of 1.41 individuals per ha. Observations were much greater than those resulting from a visually-based survey conducted at Tarangue three years earlier. These higher estimates are probably not only due to this more suitable survey method; incessant destruction of habitat occurring in the area surrounding Tarangue may have caused the reserve to become a refuge for displaced individuals, with diminished opportunities for dispersal and establishment of new territories. Immediate measures to prevent further fragmentation within the Andean titi monkey’s geographic range are essential in order to allow the species to persist. We recommend the use of triangulation of calls for future surveys of titi monkeys.
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17

Huashuayo-Llamocca, Rosario, and Eckhard W. Heymann. "Fur-rubbing with Piper leaves in the San Martín titi monkey, Callicebus oenanthe." Primate Biology 4, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-127-2017.

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Abstract. We report observations on fur-rubbing with leaves from Piper aduncum by a San Martín titi monkey, Callicebus oenanthe. Fur-rubbing occurred during the transition from the dry to the rainy season in a titi monkey group living in a forest fragment in the Moyobamba region of Peru. Since Piper leaves include very potent compounds that may affect ectoparasites, we tentatively interpret the observed fur-rubbing as self-medication.
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18

Fernandes, Natália C. C. de A., Mariana S. Cunha, Juliana M. Guerra, Josué Diaz-Delgado, Rodrigo A. Ressio, Cinthya S. Cirqueira, Cristina T. Kanamura, Danny Fuentes-Castillo, and José Luiz Catão-Dias. "Yellow Fever as Cause of Death of Titi Monkeys (Callicebus Spp.)." Veterinary Pathology 58, no. 4 (May 6, 2021): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03009858211009781.

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From 2016 to 2018, an epidemic wave of yellow fever (YF) occurred in Brazil, affecting a large number of Platyrrhini monkeys. Titi monkeys ( Callicebus spp.) were severely affected yet pathological characterizations are lacking. This study characterized epizootic YF in 43 titi monkeys ( Callicebus spp.) with respect to the microscopic lesions in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain, and lung, as well as the distribution of immunolabeling for YF virus antigen, and the flaviviral load in the liver. Of 43 titi monkeys examined, 18 (42%) were positive for yellow fever virus (YFV) by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Affected livers had consistent marked panlobular necrotizing hepatitis, lipidosis, and mild inflammation, with intense immunolabeling for YFV mainly in centrilobular hepatocytes (zone 1; P = .05). In the spleen, consistent findings were variable lymphoid depletion (10/11), lymphoid necrosis (lymphocytolysis; 4/11), and immunolabeling for YFV in histiocytic cells (3/16). The main finding in the kidney was multifocal acute necrosis of tubular epithelium (5/7) that was occasionally associated with intracytoplasmic immunolabeling for YFV (6/15). These data indicate that titi monkeys are susceptible to YFV infection, developing severe hepatic lesions and high viral loads, comparable to humans and Alouatta spp. Thus, Callicebus spp. may be reliable sentinels for YF surveillance.
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19

NATORI, Masahito. "Allometric Scaling in the Molars of Titi Monkeys." Primate Research 18, no. 1 (2002): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2354/psj.18.59.

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20

Roberts, Jeff, Scott Line, and Patricia Blanchard. "Spontaneous Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in a Titi Monkey." Journal of Medical Primatology 15, no. 2 (April 1986): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0684.1986.tb00284.x.

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21

Minezawa, Mitsuru, Otto Carlos Jordan C., and C. Jaime Valdivia B. "Karyotypic study of titi monkeys,Callicebus moloch brunneus." Primates 30, no. 1 (January 1989): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381213.

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22

Clink, Dena J., Allison R. Lau, and Karen L. Bales. "Age-related changes and vocal convergence in titi monkey duet pulses." Behaviour 156, no. 15 (2019): 1471–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003575.

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Abstract Duets in pair-bonding primates serve as a primary mode of communication between pairs, and duets may provide cues to conspecifics regarding the calling individual or pair. Here, we test the hypothesis that pulse elements in coppery titi monkey duets vary with condition and identity of the caller. We predicted that pulse elements would vary with age, sex, or pair-bond length. We estimated pulse rate and duration for 378 pulse elements from the duets of 74 captive titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). We found inter-individual variation in both features, and evidence for vocal convergence among pair mates in pulse rate. Age was the best predictor of pulse rate, and pulse rate decreased with age. Age and pair-bond length reliably predicted pulse duration. Our results suggest that variation in titi monkey duets reflects differences in caller condition and pair identity, and contribute to growing evidence for vocal plasticity in nonhuman primates.
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23

Berthet, Mélissa, Geoffrey Mesbahi, Aude Pajot, Cristiane Cäsar, Christof Neumann, and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Titi monkeys combine alarm calls to create probabilistic meaning." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3991.

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Previous work suggested that titi monkeys Callicebus nigrifrons combine two alarm calls, the A- and B-calls, to communicate about predator type and location. To explore how listeners process these sequences, we recorded alarm call sequences of six free-ranging groups exposed to terrestrial and aerial predator models, placed on the ground or in the canopy, and used multimodel inference to assess the information encoded in the sequences. We then carried out playback experiments to identify the features used by listeners to react to the available information. Results indicated that information about predator type and location were encoded by the proportion of B-call pairs relative to all call pairs of the sequence (i.e., proportion of BB-grams). The results suggest that the meaning of the sequence is not conveyed in a categorical but probabilistic manner. We discuss the implications of these findings for current theories of animal communication and language evolution.
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24

Menzel, Charles R. "Structural aspects of arboreality in titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70, no. 2 (June 1986): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330700204.

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25

Webster, Darren, and Andrew Kitchener. "Second European Studbook for the Red Titi (Callicebus cupreus)." Neotropical Primates 12, no. 3 (December 2004): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1896/1413-4705.12.3.158a.

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Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Andrés León-Reyes, and Sylvia Seger. "Boa constrictor Predation on a Titi monkey, Callicebus discolor." Neotropical Primates 13, no. 3 (December 2005): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1896/1413-4705.13.3.11.

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27

Cäsar, Cristiane, Richard W. Byrne, William Hoppitt, Robert J. Young, and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Evidence for semantic communication in titi monkey alarm calls." Animal Behaviour 84, no. 2 (August 2012): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.010.

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28

Souza-Alves, João Pedro, Natasha M. Albuquerque, Luana Vinhas, Thayane S. Cardoso, Raone Beltrão-Mendes, and Leandro Jerusalinsky. "Self-anointing behaviour in captive titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.)." Primate Biology 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-5-1-2018.

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Abstract. Self-anointing behaviour using Bauhinia sp. was reported in two captive titi monkeys (Callicebus coimbrai and Callicebus barbarabrownae). The study was carried out from October 2013 to May 2014 during an experimental study investigating the gut passage time of these individuals at the Getúlio Vargas Zoobotanical Park, north-eastern Brazil. Although leaves, petioles and flowers of Bauhinia contain chemical substances that could affect the presence of ectoparasites, it is unclear if titi monkeys demonstrate self-anointing behaviour as a method of self-medication. However, due to the presence of large glands in C. coimbrai and C. barbarabrownae chests, and the high frequency of occurrence observed for the adult male, we cautiously suggest that the use of Bauhinia may be linked to olfactory communication.
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Oliveira, Brenda Letícia Pereira, João Pedro Souza-Alves, and Marcela Alvares Oliveira. "Potential self-medication by brown titi monkeys, <i>Plecturocebus brunneus</i>, in an urban fragment forest in the Brazilian Amazon." Primate Biology 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-7-35-2020.

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Abstract. In this study, we report fur-rubbing behavior of brown titi monkeys, Plecturocebus brunneus, using chewed leaves from (Fabaceae) and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae). These reports were obtained during systematic monitoring of titi monkeys from May until December 2019 (218 h) in an urban fragment forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Both plant species contain chemical substances in their leaves that potentially repel ectoparasites. The genus Piper is known for its repelling action due to the presence of amides, alkaloids and benzoic acid. The presence of dogs, cats and human settlements may contribute to an increase of ectoparasites, making a potential self-medication function of fur rubbing in this primate species plausible.
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Vermeer, Jan, Julio C. Tello-Alvarado, Sergio Moreno-Moreno, and Fernando Guerra-Vásquez. "Extension of the Geographical Range of White-browed Titi Monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and Evidence for Sympatry with San Martin Titi Monkeys (Callicebus oenanthe)." International Journal of Primatology 32, no. 4 (April 8, 2011): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9511-1.

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Armiadi, Armiadi, Edi Yuhermansyah, and Arifa Santi. "Pandangan Ulama Dayah terhadap Warisan Patah Titi Ditinjau Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam (Studi di Kecamatan Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar)." El-USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 3, no. 2 (August 18, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v3i2.7697.

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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari sebuah problematika warisan patah titi atau secara formal disebut dengan ahli waris pengganti. Di mana masyarakat yang masih menggunakan sistem patah titi untuk anak-anak yang ditinggal oleh orang tua sebagai ahli waris dari harta orang tuanya yang pada dasarnya masih hidup. Hal ini sebagian masyarakat Aceh memutuskan bahwa anak-anak tersebut dari orang tua yang meninggal terlebih dahulu dari pewaris tidak mendapatkan harta warisan dikarenakan anak tersebut tidak ada pembagian yang rinci di dalam Al-Quran sehingga anak tersebut terhalang mendaptkan warisan dari kakek-kakeknya. Hanya saja ada sebagian masyarakt Aceh yang memberikan sedikit dari harta tersebut sebagai hadiah untuk anak yang terhalang mendaptkan warisan tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak perspektif masyarakt yang masih memegang fikih lama dan masih berpegang dengan fikih lama tersebut. Secara teori Kompilasi Hukum Islam mengatur bahwa bagian ahli waris seorang cucu yang ayahnya meninggal dunia tetap mendapat harta warisan. Dalam hal ini peneliti ingin meneliti permasalahn tersebut apakah sistem patah titi yang di pegang oleh masyarakat Aceh masih digunakan secara keseluruhan atau tidak. Dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriftif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang di telah dilakukan dapat dikatakan bahwa ada sebagaian masyarakat yang menjalankan sistem kewarisan sesuai dengan Hukum Islam dan juga menggunakan sistem perundangan yang berlaku namun ada juga yang mennggunakan Hukum Islam tidak dibarengi dengan undang-undang yang berlaku di Indonesia dengan kata lain masih menggunakan sistem warisan path titi yaitu cucu tidak mendapatkan harta warisan dari kakeknya dikarenakan orang tuanya lebih duluan meninggal dari pada pewaris ata kakeknya tersebut. Menyangkut dengan pandangan ulama dayah tersendiri ada beberapa pendapat yang berbeda dari ulama-ulama dayah tersendiri dengan alasan-alasan tersendiri. Akan tetapi alasan tersebut dikaitkan dengan Hukum Islam dan juga mengacu kepada kitab-kitab fikih klasik maupun modern.
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Anggreini, Heny, and Pujiharto Pujiharto. "HASRAT SARTIKA SARI DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI ELEGI TITI GANTUNG: PERSPEKTIF PSIKOANALISIS LACANIAN." ATAVISME 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v22i2.585.144-158.

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This research aims to reveal the ‘selfness’ of Sartika as the subject through her hidden desire that is repressed by the values, law, and culture in the poems collected in poetry anthology Elegi Titi Gantung (2016). The aim comes from the phenomenon that the subject (human) never really knows her desire. The desired object is always replaced by another desired object. Based on that, the issues raised were (1) how is the combination of signifier as Sartika Sari’s desire manifestation through metaphor and metonymy mechanism in the poetry anthology of Elegi Titi Gantung? (2) how is Sartika Sari’s desire that is manifested in the poetry anthology of Elegi Titi Gantung? This research used Lacanian perspective and method, i.e. analyzing the data in the form of words, phrases, stanzas, or lines in the poem to find the under-consciousness condition of Sartika who wishes the wholeness of herself through metaphor and metonymy mechanism. The result of this research was that Sartika has the desire to be an existing woman and an ideal woman. Sartika’s desire to be an existing woman showed her existence as a subject in the Symbolic order. Meanwhile, Sartika’s desire to be an ideal woman was a negotiation form toward herself who wanted freedom.
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Kaye, Sarrah. "Chronic uterine abscess in a Bolivian grey titi monkey (Plecturocebus donacophilus)." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 3 (August 2020): e001138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001138.

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An 11-year-old, reproductively active female Bolivian grey titi monkey (Plecturocebus donacophilus) in a zoological institution was presented for abdominal distension without concurrent clinical signs. Physical examination and imaging studies detected a uterine mass. Preoperative bloodwork revealed anaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. Hysterectomy was performed, but the patient died under anaesthesia. Histopathological examination found a chronic uterine abscess with effacement of the uterine wall and generalised inflammation consistent with sepsis. This case documents an uncommon reproductive tract lesion in a New World primate, and demonstrates the value of routine reproductive health monitoring in non-human primates, as not all pathologies will have clinical signs perceptible by caretakers. Earlier diagnosis may have resulted in an improved outcome in this case. Uterine abscess could be a differential diagnosis in cases of abdominal mass effect or distension in female titi monkeys.
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Won, Dong-Chan, Dong Oh Hong, Jae Moo Lee, Heung-Ryul Lee, Hyoun-Joung Kim, and Chee Hark Harn. "High-quality and Multiple disease Resistant Cherry Tomato ‘Titi Chal’." Korean Journal of Breeding Science 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2013.45.2.153.

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35

Price, Eluned C., and Hélia M. Piedade. "Diet of Northern Masked Titi Monkeys (Callicebus personatus)." Folia Primatologica 72, no. 6 (2001): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000052750.

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36

Don, Warwick. "The titi project, traditional ecological knowledge and science: a critique." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 40, no. 2 (June 2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2010.493943.

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37

Easley, Stephen Phillip, and Warren G. Kinzey. "Territorial shift in the yellow-handed titi monkey (Callicebus torquatus)." American Journal of Primatology 11, no. 4 (1986): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350110402.

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38

Valeggia, C. R., S. P. Mendoza, E. Fernandez-Duque, W. A. Mason, and B. Lasley. "Reproductive biology of female titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch) in captivity." American Journal of Primatology 47, no. 3 (1999): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)47:3<183::aid-ajp1>3.0.co;2-j.

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39

Carneiro, Jeferson, José De Sousa E Silva, Iracilda Sampaio, Alcides Pissinatti, Tomas Hrbek, Mariluce Rezende Messias, Fabio Rohe, Izeni Farias, Jean Boubli, and Horacio Schneider. "Phylogeny of the titi monkeys of theCallicebus molochgroup (Pitheciidae, Primates)." American Journal of Primatology 78, no. 9 (May 6, 2016): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22559.

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40

Heymann, Eckhard W., Jenni G. Pérez Yamacita, and Britta Müller. "Morphometric Data from a Wild Female Titi Monkey,Callicebus cupreus." Neotropical Primates 19, no. 1 (December 2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1896/044.019.0110.

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41

Cäsar, Cristiane, Klaus Zuberbühler, Robert J. Young, and Richard W. Byrne. "Titi monkey call sequences vary with predator location and type." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0535.

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Animal alarm calls can encode information about a predator's category, size, distance or threat level. In non-human primates, alarm calls typically refer to broad classes of disturbances, in some instances to specific predators. Here, we present the results of a field experiment with a New World primate, the black-fronted titi monkey ( Callicebus nigrifrons ), designed to explore the information conveyed by their alarm call system. Adults produced sequences consisting of two main alarm call types that conveyed, in different parts of the utterance, information about a predator's type and location. In particular, sequence compositions differed depending on whether the predator was a mammalian carnivore or a raptor, and whether it was detected in a tree or on the ground. This is the first demonstration of a sequence-based alarm call system in a non-human animal that has the capacity to encode both location and type of predatory threat.
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Müller, Klaus-Heinrich, Christian Ahl, and Gerhard Hartmann. "Geophagy in masked titi monkeys (Callicebus personatus melanochir) in sBrazil." Primates 38, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02385923.

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43

Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Carla Cristina de Aquino, and Raone Beltrão-mendes. "Marcgrave's red-tailed monkey: the earliest European depiction of a titi monkey." Archives of Natural History 48, no. 1 (April 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0692.

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Among the approximately 40 species of mammals described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae by Willem Piso and Georg Marcgrave, the identity of the monkey “cagui major” has been one of the most controversial. Authors have identified Marcgrave's “cagui major” as a tamarin, a saki monkey, a squirrel monkey, a titi monkey and even as an Old-World monkey. Based on a watercolour, probably related to the original illustration that served as basis for the “cagui major” woodcut, we confirm that it depicts a titi monkey ( Callicebus). By comparing the pelage characteristics shown in the drawing and some measurements and pelage characteristics described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae, we confirm that the species depicted was Callicebus melanochir that occurs today in southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais states, outside the range of the Dutch possessions in Brazil.
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Zhang, Xin, Yunqian Ding, Xiangjian Wan, Xin Ke, Chenxi Li, and Yongsheng Chen. "A novel acceptor with a N,N-dialkyl thieno[3′,2′:2,3]indolo[7,6-g]thieno[3,2-b]indole (TITI) core for organic solar cells with a high fill factor of 0.75." Chemical Communications 56, no. 5 (2020): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08098h.

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45

Rispintari, Ni Made, I. B. Made Ludy Paryatna, and I. Ketut Paramarta. "NGAWIGUNAYANG MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL KANGGEN NINCAPANG KAWAGEDAN MATEMBANG PUPUH GINADA SISIA KELAS X IBB 1 SMA NEGERI 3 SINGARAJA." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Bali Undiksha 6, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbb.v6i2.20341.

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Tetilikan puniki matetujon mahbahang (1) tata titi pangajah-ajahan sane patut sajeroning ngawigunayang media audio visual kanggen nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, (2) ngawigunayang media audio visual prasida nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, miwah (3) panampen sisia ring kawentenan media audio visual kanggen nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja. Wangun tetilikan wantah tetilikan tindakan kelas sane nganggen 2 pailehan. Jejering tetilikannyane guru lan sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja. Panandang tetilikan inggih punika tata titi pangajah-ajahan, kawagedan, miwah panampen sisia. Pamupulan data nganggen kramaning praktiasa, tes, miwah angket/kuesioner. Tata cara data tureksa sane kaanggen inggih punika analisis kuantitatif miwah analisis kualitatif. Pikolih tetilikan nyantenang (1) tata titi pangajah-ajahan sane patut sajeroning ngawigunayang media audio visual sakadi, (a) guru nlatarang peplajahan ngenenin puisi Bali Tradisional, (b) guru ngicenin video matembang pupuh Ginada, (c) guru nyarengin sisia mauruk nembangang pupuh Ginada, (d) guru nakenang pikobet sane kapanggihin sisia, (e) guru ngicenin panampen anggen muputang pikobet sane kapanggihin sisia. (2) ngawigunayang media audio visual prasida nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, kasengguh nglintangin KKM indik rerata 83,43 lan (3) panampen sisia ring kawentenan media audio visual kanggen nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada ngranjing ring sesengguh lintang becik indik rerata 49,8. Kruna jejaton: media, audio visual, matembang, pupuh.
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46

Hernani Lineros, Lucero M., Amélie Chimènes, Audrey Maille, Kimberly Dingess, Damián I. Rumiz, and Patrice Adret. "Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates." PeerJ 8 (November 20, 2020): e10417. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10417.

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Worldwide urban expansion and deforestation have caused a rapid decline of non-human primates in recent decades. Yet, little is known to what extent these animals can tolerate anthropogenic noise arising from roadway traffic and human presence in their habitat. We studied six family groups of titis residing at increasing distances from a busy highway, in a park promoting ecotourism near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. We mapped group movements, sampled the titis’ behavior, collected fecal samples from each study group and conducted experiments in which we used a mannequin simulating a human intrusion in their home range. We hypothesized that groups of titi monkeys exposed to higher levels of anthropogenic noise and human presence would react weakly to the mannequin and show higher concentrations of fecal cortisol compared with groups in least perturbed areas. Sound pressure measurements and systematic monitoring of soundscape inside the titis’ home ranges confirmed the presence of a noise gradient, best characterized by the root-mean-square (RMS) and median amplitude (M) acoustic indices; importantly, both anthropogenic noise and human presence co-varied. Study groups resided in small, overlapping home ranges and they spent most of their time resting and preferentially used the lower forest stratum for traveling and the higher levels for foraging. Focal sampling analysis revealed that the time spent moving by adult pairs was inversely correlated with noise, the behavioral change occurring within a gradient of minimum sound pressures ranging from 44 dB(A) to 52 dB(A). Validated enzyme-immunoassays of fecal samples however detected surprisingly low cortisol concentrations, unrelated to the changes observed in the RMS and M indices. Finally, titis’ response to the mannequin varied according to our expectation, with alarm calling being greater in distant groups relative to highway. Our study thus indicates reduced alarm calling through habituation to human presence and suggests a titis’ resilience to anthropogenic noise with little evidence of physiological stress.
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47

Printes, Rodrigo C., Anthony B. Rylands, and Júlio César Bicca-Marques. "Distribution and status of the Critically Endangered blond titi monkey Callicebus barbarabrownae of north-east Brazil." Oryx 45, no. 3 (July 2011): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000111.

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AbstractThe blond titi monkey Callicebus barbarabrownae lives in forest fragments in the caatinga (tropical thorn scrub and forest) of north-east Brazil. In 2004–2005 we carried out five surveys to determine its current distribution and conservation status; surveying forest fragments, interviewing local people, and recording vegetation types and patterns of land use. The blond titi monkey occurs mainly in Dense Arboreal Caatinga and Highland Coastal Rainforest in the state of Bahia, at elevations of 241–908 m. Its range extends over 291,438 km2, with an area of occupancy of 2,636 km2. Estimated minimum population was 260 individuals. It was not recorded in any protected area. Cattle ranching favours the persistence of forest fragments for this species, whereas agriculture, subsistence or commercial, does not. Our findings supported the IUCN Red List assessment of Critically Endangered for this species.
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Willcock, M. "Review. Titi Macci Plauti Cantica. Edidit, Apparatu Metrico Instruxit. C Questa." Classical Review 47, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/47.2.296.

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49

Larke, Rebecca H., Nicole Maninger, Benjamin J. Ragen, Sally P. Mendoza, and Karen L. Bales. "Serotonin 1A agonism decreases affiliative behavior in pair-bonded titi monkeys." Hormones and Behavior 86 (November 2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.001.

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50

Jantschke, Barbara, Christian Welker, and Annette Klaiber-Schuh. "Notes on Breeding of the Titi Monkey Callicebus cupreus." Folia Primatologica 65, no. 4 (1995): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156890.

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