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1
Byrne, H. M. "Evolutionary history and taxonomy of the titi monkeys (Callicebinae)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42525/.
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Titi monkeys (Callicebinae; Pitheciidae) are a diverse, species-rich group of New World primates with an extensive range across South America. They diverged from their sister clade (Pitheciinae) in the early Miocene, and thus, they comprise one of the oldest lineages of extant New World primates. To date, there has been no comprehensive molecular investigation of the phylogenetic relationships among Callicebinae species and, consequently, the evolutionary history of this diverse clade remains poorly studied. The overall goal of this PhD dissertation is, therefore, to provide insight into the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the subfamily Callicebinae using DNA sequence data. To infer phylogeny and estimate divergence times, we generated sequence data for 50+ wild-caught titi monkey specimens using multi-locus Sanger sequencing (22 nuclear and mitochondrial loci, > 14,500 bp) and reduced representation, genome-wide double-digest restriction-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. A statistical biogeographical approach was employed to reconstruct the biogeography of Callicebinae and investigate the processes responsible for shaping present day distributions. Furthermore, the ddRAD sequence dataset was used to provide additional insight into phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure among taxa of the moloch group. Our phylogenetic and biogeographic results indicate that titi monkeys are divided into three distinct clades that diverged in the late Miocene through vicariance of a widespread ancestral range. Species relationships were generally recovered with strong support, and species-level diversification in the Amazonian clades was characterised by sequential founder events across river barriers in the Pleistocene. We propose a revised genus-level classification for Callicebinae that recognises three genera (Cheracebus, Callicebus, Plecturocebus) based on the results from the phylogenetic analyses, as well as morphological, karyological and biogeographic evidence. Overall, this study represents a major advance in our understanding of the evolutionary history of this strikingly poorly studied group, with implications for classification and research priorities.
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Titi, Catharine [Verfasser]. "The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law / Aikaterini Titi." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1108812678/34.
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Ca¨sar, Cristiane. "Anti-predator behaviour of black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2575.
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Titi monkeys have long been known for their complex vocal behaviour with numerous high- and low-pitched calls, which can be uttered singly or combined in more complex structures. However, up to date very little is known concerning the function, meaning and context-specific use of these vocal utterances, and virtually nothing is known about their vocalisations in the predation context. This thesis presents a detailed description of the form and function of the anti-predator behaviour of one species of titi monkeys, the black-fronted titi monkey (Callicebus nigrifrons), with a specific focus on their alarm call behaviour. A second aim was to determine the exact mechanisms of alarm calling behaviour, with an emphasis on production and comprehension. Data were collected from several habituated groups in the Caraça Reserve, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results showed that, when detecting predator species, C nigrifrons produce sequences that initially contain two types of brief, high-pitched calls with distinct frequency contours. Further evidence suggested that some of these sequences are meaningful to conspecific receivers, by indicating the general predator class and location of threat. There were also indications that, within the terrestrial threats, additional information may be encoded by acoustic and compositional differences. Analyses of call order and number of calls per sequence suggested that callers may be able to convey information on both predator type and location. The black-fronted titi monkeys’ vocal system thus provides a further example of zoo-syntax, in which acoustically fixed units of a vocal repertoire are combined into higher order sequences that are meaningful to recipients. According to current definitions, this type of calling behaviour qualifies as functionally referential, by indicating general predator class, terrestrial predator type and location. As such, this is the first empirical demonstration of a sequence-based alarm call system that conveys information on both predator category and location.
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Hunter, Christine M., and n/a. "Demography of Procellariids: model complexity, chick quality, and harvesting." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2001. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070518.110942.
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Many challenges still exist in the empirical measurement of population size or density of burrow-nesting procellariiforms. Although reasonable precision of burrow occupancy estimates can be achieved with 10-15 transect (20 entrances per transect) per site, unknown levels of bias in burrow occupancy estimates currently prevents reliable estimation of burrow-nesting procellariiform abundance or harvest rates. Because it is unlikely that biases in burrow occupancy are similar among colonies, valid comparisons among sites may require estimates of absolute abundance rather than relative measures of burrow occupancy.
The reliability and precision of matrix models for procellariids will depend primarily on the reliability and precision of adult survival estimates. Sensitivities, elasticities and uncertainties of population growth rate to demographic parameters for models with differing structures and parameterisations showed an overwhelming importance of adult survival in determining population growth rate and results of perturbation analyses. Estimates of adult survival should be a primary focus of any procellariid research program involving assessment of population status, or questions of population response to perturbations.
Juvenile survival, pre-breeder survival and emigration rates were also shown to be relatively important in determining population growth rate and perturbation analyses. The sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate to survival rates for all immature stages combined were similar in magnitude to the sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate to survival rates for fecund birds. Estimation of survival rates for immature birds should also be given high priority in procellariid research programs. The variability in these parameters among populations needs to be assessed if results are to be generalised beyound specific colonies from which parameters are estimated.
There is evidence that selective harvest of heavier Titi chicks occurs on at least some islands. However, analyses of a demographic model incorporating different quality chicks showed even extremely high degrees of selective harvest had little influence on population growth rate or perturbation analyses unless overall harvest levels were very high.
Comparison of population growth rate and perturbation analyses of models differing in the level of detail in parameterisation or in the number of stages included in the model, showed negligible differences in results. This suggests that simple models, even if based on only sparse data, are adequate to set research priorities and evaluate population response to perturbations such as for the assessment of conservation management options, evaluation of possible causes of population change and assessment of the effects of harvest.
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Kitson, Jane C., and n/a. "Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Maori." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.153344.
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Rakiura Maori continue a centuries old harvest of titi chicks (sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus) which is governed primarily by Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The sustainability of titi harvesting is of high cultural, social and ecological importance. Some commentators view contemporary use of TEK as insufficient to ensure sustainability because it is no longer intact, too passive, and/or potentially inadequate to meet new ecological and technical challenges. Such assertions have been made in the absence of detailed description of TEK and associated social mechanisms. This thesis describes Rakiura Maori TEK practices and management systems that are in place and asks whether such systems are effective today, and whether they will remain effective in future.
Ecological, social and cultural factors are intertwined in cultural wildlife harvests so the methodology used was a combination of quantitative ecological methods and semi-directive interviews of 20 experienced harvesting elders. The research also used ecological science to evaluate potential harvest monitoring methods and to determine what sets the limits on harvest. These ecological studies focused on harvesting by four families on Putauhinu Island in 1997-1999.
Harvest is divided into two parts. In the first period (�nanao�) chicks are extracted from breeding burrows during daytime. In the second period (�rama�) chicks are captured at night when they have emerged from burrows. Nanao harvest rates only increased slightly with increasing chick densities and birders� harvest rates varied in their sensitivities to changing chick density. Although harvest rates can only provide a general index of population change a monitoring panel, with careful selection of participants, may be the only feasible way to assess population trend and thereby harvest sustainability or the resource�s response to changed management.
Rakiura Maori harvesting practice constitutes common property resource management based on birthright and a system of traditional rules. Protection of island habitat and adult birds, and temporal restricitions on harvest are considered most important. Legislation and a belief system of reciprocity and connection to ancestors and environment aid enforcement of the rules.
Ecological knowledge is learnt through observation, hands-on experience and storytelling. Younger Rakiura Maori now spend less time harvesting which puts pressure on the transmission of knowledge. Paradoxically, use of modern technology for harvesting aids transfer of essential skills because it is easier and faster to learn, thereby contributing to the continuance of a culturally important harvest.
Limits on harvest are passive, with the numbers of chicks taken determined by the time spent harvesting and processing. Processing is more limiting during the rama period. Future innovations that decrease the time to process each chick during rama could greatly increase the total number of chicks caught. Recently introduced motorised plucking machines decrease the time required to pluck each chick. However, on Putauhinu Island, use of plucking machines did not increase the number of chicks harvested, indicating social mechanisms were also limiting. Elders identified changing values between the generations, which may reduce the future strength of social limitations on harvest pressure.
Global climate change may reduce the predicability of traditional knowledge. Rakiura Maori have identified this risk and sought to examine ecological science as a tool to complement traditional knowledge for monitoring harvest sustainability. Climate change, declining tītī numbers and potential changes in technology or markets all threaten the effectiveness of current social limits to harvest. Rakiura Maori have previously shown the ability to adapt and must look to add resilience to their institutions to ensure we keep the titi forever.
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Clucas, Rosemary, and n/a. "Kia Whakamaramatia Mahi Titi : predictive measures for understanding harvest impacts on Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus)." University of Otago. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090813.140751.
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The sooty shearwater (also known as the muttonbird, Titi, Puffinus griseus) is a long-lived super-abundant, burrow nesting petrel, harvested by Rakiura Maori from breeding colonies, located in southern New Zealand. The harvest is culturally defining and enormously important for Rakiura Maori. The work in this thesis contributes to the Kia Mau te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Research Project being undertaken by Rakiura Maori and the University of Otago, towards assessing ongoing sustainability of the harvest and future threats.
Analyses of eight muttonbirder harvest records spanning, 1938 to 2004, show that harvest rates demonstrate, systematic commonalities in seasonal patterns and broad-scale consistency in trends of chick abundance and quality across harvested islands. If co-ordinated and well replicated, harvest records offer Rakiura Maori a low-cost and effective monitoring tool of sooty shearwater reproductive success and long-term population abundance. Hunt tallies provide additional evidence of a dramatic reduction in sooty shearwater abundance from the late 1980s that was also detected by counts from boats off the western seaboard of the USA. A conservative estimate of overall decline in hunt success across diaries, for the period 1972 to 2004, is 1.89 % (CI₉₅ 1.14 to 2.65) per annum, a total reduction of 39.2%. The harvesting records show a sooty shearwater mortality event occurred just prior to the 1993-breeding season at the same time as a severe negative anomaly in both the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Southern Oscillation Indices. The hunting diaries show a decoupling of chick size with harvest success in the early 1990s. This resulted from a decline in harvest success and an increase in its variability, while chick size remained correlated with changing chick abundance and maintained its pre-1990 average. Long- lived seabirds maintain high survival by skipping breeding and abandoning breeding attempts when oceanic conditions deteriorate, increasing variability in chick abundance is also evidence of pressure on adult survivorship. The multiple diaries confirm these were major demographic events not confined to a single island.
My survival estimates for The Snares and Whenua Hou were very high 0.952 (0.896-0.979) compared to earlier estimates for this species. Transience at the colonies is high due to the presence ofjuvenile and pre-breeding birds. Both naturally high survival and the large number of transient pre-breeders indicate sooty shearwater are more resilient to harvest than earlier survival models suggested. There was no evidence for directional change in sooty shearwater breeding phenology over 49-years of harvest. Climate fluctuation/change is therefore apparently not altering egg-laying. Peak fledging occurred fairly consistently in the 2nd of May (IQR = 2.91 days). Yearly variability in emergence occurs primarily due to provisioning and localized fledging conditions. Larger chick size was strongly correlated with delayed fledging and is consistent with the traditional ecological knowledge of the birders. There was no evidence for chicks becoming smaller or that years with starving chicks were more common, so increasing mismatch of breeding with optimal forage was not indicated.
The past proportion of birders over the last 20 years (1985 - 2005) has been ~2% all of Rakiura Maori. Approximately 376 birders participated in the 2006 season with an estimated of overall harvest intensity 19.4% (CI₉₅ = 13.8 - 24.2%) and a total catch of 381,000 (CI₉₅ = 262,257 - 487,186) chicks. This study found evidence that catch rates reduced with increasing birder competition partially mitigating effects on harvest pressure. The combined effects of potential climate change on bird abundance and increased harvester competition suggests that the proportion of Rakiura Maori whom choose to bird is likely to decrease as tallies reduce and cost recovery becomes more difficult. Rakiura Maori have for many years cherished and maintained their islands and implemented protective measures to safeguarded titi breeding habitat. Future harvest management will have additional issues to contend with, but Rakiura Maori are necessarily confronting these issues as the titi culture rests on the maintenance of their taonga. The information presented in this thesis shows that combining science and traditional knowledge is a powerful tool for managing harvest sustainability.
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Dolotovskaya, Sofya [Verfasser]. "Genetic and behavioral correlates of pair living in coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) / Sofya Dolotovskaya." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227707282/34.
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Titi, Jihad [Verfasser]. "Matrix Methods for the Tensorial and Simplicial Bernstein Forms with Application to Global Optimization / Jihad Titi." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1214180582/34.
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Vendramel, Rafaela Lumi. "Revisão taxonômica do grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae, Callicebinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-13012017-132049/.
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Callicebus Thomas, 1903 são primatas neotropicais que ocorrem nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco, na Mata Atlântica e em parte da Caatinga, do Chaco e do Pantanal. São reconhecidas 33 espécies para o gênero, divididas em cinco grupos: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus e Personatus. O grupo Moloch inclui espécies amazônicas, distribuídas entre a margem esquerda do Rio Madeira e a margem direita dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia. A história taxonômica dos sauás do grupo Moloch revelou uma considerável confusão, taxonômica e nomenclatural, de forma que sua composição e o reconhecimento das categorias específica e subespecífica variaram frequentemente. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar taxonomicamente os Callicebus do grupo Moloch, reconhecendo, descrevendo ou redescrevendo os táxons do grupo, a fim de elucidar o número de táxons nominais que o compõe. Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. Os caracteres qualitativos referentes ao padrão de coloração da pelagem foram confrontados diretamente em mapas, visando constatar descontinuidades geográficas ou possíveis clinas. Os caracteres quantitativos referentes às medidas cranianas e dentárias foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de dimorfismo sexual, variação ontogenética e variação geográfica. A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que para as espécies do grupo Moloch, o padrão de coloração é a principal característica diagnóstica, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e morfometria craniana e dentária. Sendo assim, foram consideradas válidas sete espécies para o grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, havendo ainda a sinonimização de C. bernhardi com C. moloch.<br>The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 are primates that occur throughout the Amazon and Orinoco basins, in the Atlantic forest region and in parts of Caatinga, Chaco and Pantanal. There are 33 species of this genus divided into five groups: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus, and Personatus. The Moloch group is composed of Amazon species, distributed between the left bank of Rio Madeira and right bank of the Tocantins-Araguaia rivers. The taxonomic history of the titi monkeys from the Moloch group revealed some nomenclatural problems, so that the species and subspecies category varied frequently. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a taxonomic revision of the Callicebus species from the Moloch group, describing and/or redescribing its taxa, and to clarify the number of nominal taxa within it. I perform qualitative and quantitative analysis using specimens deposited in zoological collections. The qualitative characters related to the color pattern were mapped, aiming to find geographical gaps or clines. The quantitative characters consisted of cranial and dental morphometry that were submitted to statistical tests of sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic and geographical variation. For these, I performed univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that, for the Moloch group species, the color pattern is the main diagnostic characteristic, not showing significant differences in the cranial and dental morphology and morphometry. Therefore, seven species of the genus Callicebus, Moloch group, are here considered taxonomically valid: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, and the new synonymy of C. bernhardi with C. moloch.
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Bernegger, Matthias Wiebers Petrus Suetonius Tranquillus Gaius. "Specvlvm Boni Principis, hoc est Imp. Titi Flavii Vespasiani vita, scriptore Svetonio Tranqvillo Cum Animadversionibus Ac Notis, quas in Universitate Agentoratensi, praeside Matthia Berneggero ... publice proposuit examinandas a.d. 4. April. 1625. Petrvs Wiebers." Mannheim : Univ, 2004. http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/bernegger1/te01.html.
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Ruiz-Esparza, Daniela Pinheiro Bitencurti. "Análise multitemporal do desmatamento no baixo Rio São Francisco e diagnóstico sobre as populações de callicebus." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4104.
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Human activities, such as deforestation and industrial development, have drastically altered natural environments throughout the world, ranging from the loss of biodiversity to possible climatic changes on a global scale. The mapping of vegetation cover is an important source of information for the evaluation of the evolution of landscapes over time and space. The present study is based on a pioneering multitemporal analysis of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes on the right bank of the lower São Francisco River. This approach was used specifically to assess the effects of the deforestation process on the remaining populations of two endangered tit monkey species, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth (1999), which inhabits the Atlantic Forest and is classified as endangered by the IUCN, and Callicebus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz (1990), which is found in the Caatinga, and is classified as critically endangered. The objective of this study was to produce a mutitemporal analysis of the historical deforestation process (1980-2010) in the study area and diagnose its effects on the distribution of Callicebus populations within this area. The study area (8º27 56 -12º3 35 S, 36º14 43 -40º59 4 W) encompasses the whole of the Brazilian state of Sergipe and the northern extreme of the neighboring state of Bahia, with a total area of approximately 80,000 km². Pre-processing involved the collection of images and the collection of data in the field. The multitemporal analysis included arithmetic operations (VI - Vegetation Index and PCA - Principal Components Analysis), visual interpretation, supervised classification, based on the Euclidian distance classifier, post classification, edition, and the production of the mosaic of the classified scenes. Eight classes were mapped - arboreal Caatinga, arboreal-shrub Caatinga, shrub Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, pasture, urban areas, water features, and cloud. The deforestation analysis took into account the biome, vegetation type, fragmentation processes and patterns, and records of Callicebus. The data from the 25 scenes were found to have errors of less than half a pixel (less than 15 meters), varying from 0.403 to 0.498 pixels. A total of 750 points were collected during the field excursions, supported GPS readings and approximately 8000 photographs. Large tracts of arboreal-shrubby Caatinga were found to persist in some areas over the three decades of the study period, whereas the Atlantic Forest was characterized by extensive deforestation and an increase in the areas of pasture. A total of 279 records of the presence/absence of titi monkeys were classified as presence, unconfirmed report, local extinction, and absence. A number of scenarios were analyzed and two theoretical models of deforestation created - (a) fragmentation and (b) nucleus. Model (a) is consistent with a greater probability of extinction of titi monkeys, due to the reduced size of the fragments, their isolation and lack of connectivity, whereas model (b) represents a more favorable scenario for conservation, with larger fragments and better connectivity. The area of transition between the distributions of the two species, where the genus appears to be absent, was also investigated. The data provide a number of insights into the conservation status of the species and their ecological requirements, as well as guidelines for decision-making on management strategies for the conservation of these taxa and the forest fragments they inhabit.<br>As atividades humanas têm mudado drasticamente a cobertura natural de nosso planeta. Mundialmente, a destruição de ecossistemas e o desenvolvimento industrial desenfreado provocam graves problemas ambientais, que vão desde a perda de biodiversidade até eventuais mudanças climáticas globais. O mapeamento da cobertura vegetal é um insumo científico essencial para avaliar a evolução da paisagem no tempo e no espaço. Neste trabalho, utilizamos a análise multitemporal, o qual teve caráter inédito para os biomas da região, a Mata Atlântica e a Caatinga, na verificação do histórico de desmatamento da região. Estas técnicas foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos do processo de desmatamento sobre as populações remanescentes de duas espécies ameaçadas, os macacos guigós, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth (1999), que habita a Mata Atlântica e está classificada como ameaçada de extinção na categoria em perigo pela IUCN e Callicebus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz (1990) que habita a Caatinga e está classificada atualmente como criticamente em perigo de extinção. O objetivo foi realizar uma análise multitemporal do processo de desmatamento (1980-2000) da área de estudo e diagnosticar seus efeitos sobre as populações de Callicebus. A área de estudo (8º27 56 -12º3 35 de latitude Sul e 36º14 43 -40º59 4 de longitude Oeste) compreende o estado de Sergipe e parte da região do extremo norte do estado da Bahia atingindo uma área de aproximadamente 80.000 km2. O pré-processamento compreendeu a coleta e registro das imagens e trabalho de campo. A análise multitemporal incluiu operações aritméticas (IV Índice de Vegetação e ACP Análise por Componentes Principais), interpretação visual, classificação supervisada através do classificador de distância euclidiana, pós-classificação, edição e mosaico das cenas classificadas. Oito classes foram mapeadas: Caatinga arbórea, Caatinga arbórea-arbustiva, Caatinga arbustiva, Mata Atlântica, Pasto, Área Urbana, Hidrografia e Nuvens. A análise do desmatamento levou em conta o bioma, o tipo de vegetação, a fragmentação, a distribuição desta fragmentação, a redução ou aumento dos fragmentos de vegetação e o tipo de registro de Callicebus. O registro das 25 cenas atingiram erros menores que meio pixel (menor que 15 metros) variando de 0,403 a 0,498 pixels. Foram coletados 750 pontos nos trabalhos de campo, através do receptor GPS e aproximadamente 8000 fotos. Foram identificadas grandes áreas de Caatinga arbórea-arbustiva que se mativeram nas três décadas, enquanto que a Mata Atlântica foi caracterizada por extenso desmatamento e o aumento das áreas de pasto. Foram coletados 279 registros de presença/ausência do macaco guigó divididos nas categorias: registro de presença, relatos não confirmados, extinções locais e áreas vistoriadas sem registro. Diversos cenários foram analisados para dois modelos teóricos criados, o de fragmentação (a) e de redução de núcleo (b). O modelo (a) apresenta cenários que indicam a maior probabilidade de extinção do macaco guigó, devido ao tamanho reduzido dos fragmentos, isolamento e a falta de conectividade, enquanto o modelo (b) apresenta cenários mais favoráveis para conservação com grandes fragmentos e melhor conectividade. A área de transição entre a distribuição das duas espécies,onde o género parece estar ausente, também foi investigad. Os dados fornecem uma série de insights sobre o estado de conservação das espécies e seus requisitos ecológicos, bem como diretrizes para a tomada de decisões sobre as estratégias de manejo para a conservação destas espécies e os fragmentos florestais que elas habitam.
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Greif, Milena. "Tini Rupprecht." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-16298.
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Tsang, P. (Poying). "Nestling growth and breeding biology of great tit, blue tit, willow tit and crested tit." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312306.
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The correlative relationship of growth rate constant, environmental variables and life history traits was studied in the nestlings of the great tit, the willow tit, the crested tit and the blue tit in the Oulu area of northern Finland in 1969, 1977–1981 and 2017. All the species reached their species specific asymptotic weights by the age of 13–14 days. The asymptotic weight of the great tit was relatively lower than the adult weight compared with the other parids studied. The mortality rate of the nestling great tits was higher than of the crested and willow tits in 2017. Large intial brood size pose an negative imapct on the great tit mass growth. It is possiblely related to the high energy maintainence from the parents and unpredictable weather reduces food supply. The high number of hatchlings seems to be related to increasing nestling mortality in the great tit. After the brood reduction, parents can better nourish the rest of the nestlings which leads to a positive association between the number of fledged chicks and the growth rate constant. We did not find any significant relationship between the ambient temperature and growth rate constant in any of the species. It can be associated with the method of collecting the temperature data. However, the amount of rainfall during the nestling period was positively related to the wing growth rate constant in great tits. The late hatched willow tit nestlings grew faster than the early nestlings. There was a trade-off for the timing of breeding in the willow tit. The early nestling might be able to prepare themselves into breeding population while the late nestling might receive better nourishment from their parents. Besides, the brood size at hatching were markedly related to the growth rate constant in the willow tit. This possibly reflects the female quality and habitat quality in the Oulu area. The growth rate constant of different species was related to the body size, clutch size, and species specific breeding strategies.
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Titz, Cora. "Interferenzanfälligkeit bei kognitiven Leistungen im Altersvergleich eine kritische Betrachtung von Modellebene und Empirie /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/titz/titz.pdf.
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Schütz, Jan-Hendrik. "Bioinspirierte Titin-analoge Polymere." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-993F-1.
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Bioinspirierte Polymere, die die Multidomänenstruktur des Muskelproteins Titin imitieren, wurden auf Grundlage von zuvor synthetisierten, zyklischen Präpolymeren, die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen-tragende Monomere enthalten, hergestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht.
Zunächst wurde die Ringexpansionspolymerisation (REP) zur Erzeugung zyklischer Makromoleküle, die auf einer von Nishikubo et al. entwickelten, lebenden Gruppentransferpolymerisation von Thiiranmonomeren mit Acylgruppen-tragenden Initiatoren basiert, eingehend untersucht. Im Speziellen wurde ein System, bestehend aus dem zyklischen Initiator 2,4-Thiazolidindion (TZD) und Derivaten desselben, dem Katalysator Tetrabutylammoniumchlorid, verschiedenartig substituierten Thiiranmonomeren 2-(Phenoxymethyl)thiiran (PMT), 2-Methylthiiran (MT), 2-(tert-Butoxymethyl)thiiran (TBMT), 2-((o-Methylphenoxy)methyl)thiiran (MPMT) und dem Lösungsmittel N-Methylpyrrolidin-2-on verwendet. Bei der Insertion der Monomere MT, TBMT und MPMT in TZD, die unter guter Kontrolle des Polymerisationsgrads und der Dispersität stattfand, wurde eine Verschmelzung der Ringe zu größeren Ringstrukturen mit einem Verschmelzungsgrad von bis zu zwei, bei Verwendung von PMT sogar von bis zu vier beobachtet. Der Grad dieser Verschmelzung nahm im Fall von PMT mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration, zunehmendem molaren Monomer-zu-Initiator-Verhältnis und zunehmender Reaktionstemperatur ab, während er bei den anderen Monomeren keine Konzentrations- und Temperaturabhängigkeit zeigte. Durch Anpassung der Molmassenverteilungen mittels einer Summe von Gauß-Funktionen im Fall der PMT-Polymere konnte die zeitliche Änderung der molaren Anteile der verschiedenen Ringspezies verfolgt werden. So wurden für Polymerkonzentrationen von 14 bis 52 Gew-% Geschwindigkeitskoeffizienten der Verschmelzung, die sich über Größenordnungen von 10^(−2) bis 10^(−6) L/mol/s erstrecken, ermittelt. Bei Verwendung von in 3-Position substituierten TZD-Derivaten wurde eine Zunahme der Anzahl verschmolzener Makrozyklen von bis zu sieben festgestellt. Die Bildung zyklischer Strukturen wurde mittels Massenspektrometrie und rasterkraftmikroskopischer (AFM) Aufnahmen gezeigt.
Neben den Homopolymerisationen wurden zyklische (AB)n-Multiblockcopolymere aus MT und PMT mit bis zu acht aus der Ringverschmelzung resultierenden Blöcken synthetisiert. Sie zeigten im Zugversuch, aufgrund der verschiedenen Topologien, im Vergleich zu linearen Diblockcopolymeren ähnlicher Zusammensetzung, deutliche Unterschiede in der maximalen Zugdehnung und der Zähigkeit.
Weiterhin wurden die eingangs erwähnten bioinspirierten Polymere durch Kombination von zyklischen und linearen Segmenten hergestellt und auf ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Dazu wurden zyklische (ABC)n-Multiblockcopolymere, die zusätzlich einen kurzen Block des Monomers Ethyl-2-(4-(thiiran-2-ylmethoxy)benzamido)acetat (ETBAA) enthielten, der zur Ausbildung selbstkomplementärer Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in der Lage ist, synthetisiert. Diese Präpolymere wurden mittels 1,3-dipolarer Cycloaddition in einer Polyadditionsreaktion mit einem niedermolekularen, bifunktionellen Verknüpfungsagens oder mit monofunktionellem Poly-n-butylacrylat (PBA) bzw. Polymethylacrylat (PMA), welche mittels RAFT-Polymerisation hergestellt wurden, verknüpft. So konnte im ersten Fall eine Poly-Ringpolymer-Topologie mit bis zu 19 nachgewiesenen Wiederholeinheiten und im zweiten Fall ein Polymer mit Kette–Ring–Kette-Topologie erhalten werden.
Untersuchungen der Proben im Zugversuch zeigten beim Kette–Ring–Kette-Polymer bis auf eine höhere Elastizität keine verbesserten Materialeigenschaften im Vergleich zum linearen PMA-Präpolymer. Die Poly-Ringpolymere hingegen zeigten im Gegensatz zu den Ringpolymeren ein einzigartiges Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten, bessere Elastizitätseigenschaften und eine Erhöhung der anwendbaren Spannung bei gleicher Dehnung. Dies wurde durch den Einfluss inter- und intramolekular ausgebildeter physikalischer Bindungen durch die enthaltenen selbstkomplementären Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsmotive hervorgerufen. Eines der untersuchten Poly-Ringpolymere zeigte aufgrund der Ausbildung eines reversiblen physikalischen Netzwerkes sogar ein Formgedächtnis und die Fähigkeit zu einer partiellen Selbstheilung.
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Kowalewski, Barbara. "Frauengestalten in Geschichtswerk des T. Livius /." München : K. G. Saur, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39086069p.
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Morris, John. "The Tiwi from isolation to cultural change : a history of encounters between an island people and outside forces /." Darwin, NT : Northern Territory University Press, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/49626491.html.
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Chugg, Christopher Brian David. "Inter and intraspecific resource partitioning and the foraging niche of the Parus guild in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342426.
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Bernard, Jacques-Emmanuel. "Le portrait chez Tite-Live." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040193.
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La thèse aborde les problèmes littéraires et épistémologiques soulevés par le portrait dans l'œuvre de Tite-Live. La première partie étudie l'ensemble des procédés stylistiques et rhétoriques qui permettent d'élaborer formellement le portrait historique : narration, représentation dramatique, discours. La technique utilisée par Tite-Live aboutit à un type de portrait d'une grande cohérence, où se reflète le dessein didactique et persuasif de son œuvre. La seconde partie élabore une typologie des 2000 personnages de l'Ab Urbe condita étudiés en fonction de trois catégories majeures : référence familiale, référence à la fonction sociale, référence ethnique. L'idéologie morale et politique qui sous-tend la caractérisation de tous les personnages, tant barbares que romains, s'explique par le désir de créer un seul portrait, celui du peuple de Rome, populus princeps, unifié autour des valeurs nationales qui furent celles de la république. La troisième et dernière partie de la thèse montre comment l'auteur a réussi a dépasser sa propre vision idéale des romains et les lieux communs des portraits pour rendre compte de la singularité historique des personnages, et de l'évolution de Rome. L'on voit en particulier que la description des protagonistes oscille entre une conception collective de l'héroïsme, conforme au mos maicrum, et une conception hellénistique, davantage centrée sur l'individuel. L'esthétique du portrait, à la fois tragique et sublime, fondée sur un équilibre fragile entre la vérité et la vraisemblance, et entre l'histoire et la poésie, permet de réduire l'opposition entre le lieu commun et le singulier : en mettant en relief l'influence de l'homme dans le devenir historique, la beauté des portraits devient l'expression d'un humanisme qui s'est voulu universel<br>This thesis deals with the literary and epistemological problems raised by the historical portrait in the work of Livy. The first section studies all the stylistic and rhetorical figures and methods that constitute an historical portrait: narration, dramatic portrayal, speeches. The technique of Livy produces a consistent kind of portrait, in which the didactic and persuasive aim of his work is reflected. The second section proposes a typological classification of the 2000 people in his Ab Urbe condita, according to three main categories: family, social role, ethnic group. The moral and political ideology that lies behind the characterization of all these people, whether barbarian or roman, is readily understandable. Livy's wishes to create a unique portrait, that of the romans, populus princeps, united around national values which are those of the republic. The final section of this thesis demonstrates how Livy has succeeded in going beyond the common traits of the portraits and that of his own idealistic vision of the romans, and has given us a description of the historical uniqueness of these people and of the true evolution of Rome. In particular, it can be seem that the description of the protagonists vacillates between a collective notion of heroism, according to the mos maicrum, and a Hellenistic concept, which centers more on the individual. The esthetic value of these portraits, which at the same time are both tragic and sublime, is founded on a delicate balance between truth and verisimilitude, and between history and poetry. This makes it possible to reduce the antagonism between the common traits and that is
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Tini, Apollinaire Botta Henri Motcho Henri. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=tini.
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Bernard, Jacques-Emmanuel. "Le portrait chez Tite-Live : essai sur une écriture de l'histoire romaine /." Bruxelles : Latomus, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38844288f.
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Saint-Eve, Justine. "Machiavel relisant Tite-Live : entre politique et histoire, entre Renaissance et Antiquité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30188/30188.pdf.
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Ce mémoire traite des Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live de Nicolas Machiavel. Notre problématique est de savoir pourquoi Machiavel s'est intéressé à l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, dans quelle optique il la lit, la commente et comment il en tire des leçons pour la vie politique de Florence. Dans un premier chapitre, nous présentons notre méthode qui s'inspire de l'école contextualiste de Cambridge. Nous replaçons ensuite Machiavel dans son époque à travers une brève biographie puis nous présentons l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, ainsi que son auteur. Dans un second chapitre nous présentons les Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live et le contexte de leur rédaction. Nous démontrons pourquoi cette œuvre de Machiavel est à la fois en continuité et en rupture avec leur époque (la Renaissance). Nous étudions les liens possibles entre l'antique Rome et Florence au XVIe siècle. Nous commentons ensuite certains chapitres des Discours à titre d'exemple. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous traitons des enjeux philosophiques des Discours: la vision de l'Histoire qui en ressort, le rôle des concepts de virtù et de fortuna et enfin, la possibilité d'actualiser l'approche de Machiavel, c'est-à-dire prendre en compte - ou non - les exemples de l'Histoire pour décider aujourd'hui des modes de l'agir politique.<br>This master thesis is about Niccolò Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy. Our main issue is to know why did Machiavelli interest in Livy's History of Rome, from which point of view did he read and comment on it, and the political lessons he taught Florence from it. In chapter one, we present our method inspired from the Cambridge contextualist school. Next, we put Machiavelli back in his time through a short biography; then we present Livy's History of Rome, and the author himself. In chapter two, we present the Discourses on Livy and the background in which Machiavellli wrote it. We demonstrate how this work follows on from the Renaissance litterature and at the same time breaks with it. Then we study the possible connections between the ancient Rome and the 16th century Florence. Afterwards, we comment some chapters of the Discourses, as an exemple. The last chapter deals with the philosophical issues in the Discourses: which view on History reveals through it, which part do play the concepts of virtù and fortuna and finally, the possibility of updating Machiavelli's approach, that is to say taking - or not - into account the historical exemples as a guide for today's political action.
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Levene, D. S. "Religion in Livy /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E.J. Brill, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35587002z.
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Niebuhr, Robert Edward. "The Search for a Communist Legitimacy: Tito's Yugoslavia." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1953.
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Thesis advisor: Larry Wolff<br>Titoist Yugoslavia—the multiethnic state rising out of the chaos of World War II—is a particularly interesting setting to examine the integrity of the modern nation-state and, more specifically, the viability of a distinctly multi-ethnic nation-building project. Much scholarly literature has been devoted to the brutal civil wars that destroyed Yugoslavia during the 1990s with emphasizes on divisive nationalism and dysfunctional politics. But what held Tito’s state together for the preceding forty-six years? In an attempt to understand better what united the stable, multiethnic, and successful Yugoslavia that existed before 1991, this dissertation illuminates the pervasive problem of legitimacy within this larger history. Cast aside and threatened with removal by Stalin’s henchmen after the war, Tito made his revolution a genuine alternative to Soviet control. Because Tito and the ruling elite feared the loss of political power by either foreign aggression or from domestic groups challenging the Communist Party’s (LCY) claim to govern, they fought hard for the reform of Marxism. Furthermore, Yugoslav elites manipulated popular conceptions of a Yugoslav identity as a means to solidify their regime with a unifying and progressive identity. Citing elite perceptions of the Yugoslav system—including key aspects of central institutions such as the LCY and the military— this dissertation attempts to reconcile how leaders of a country that scholars have dismissed as full of national hatreds had constructed a functioning and popular system for so long<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: History
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Šilanskienė, Marija. "Statistiniai taikymai moksleivių matematiniams gebėjimams tirti." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040610_180944-20433.
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Mathematical education reform in Lithuania has already been carried out of about 15 years. Trying to fulfil this reform effective as it is possible it is importan to estimate the situation. Various reseaches are done (e.g.TIMSS). It‘s a pitty while analysing the results of TIMSS only perfunctory anglysis of data was done. It becomes important the wider use of the statistic methods. The work is devoted to the search of the methods mentioned above. The reseach in Kaunas was carried out in order to estimate the changes in the study of mathematics. The aim of the work is to find the statistic criteria and apply them to the evoluation of the students mathematical achievements. The abilities of girls and boys were compared and those living in the sities and in the country ��� side. After the anglysis of data and the fitting of the statistic criteria to them the following conclusions were made: · Not enough attention is paid to the new aspects while teaching maths. · The abilities in mathematics among the girls an boys are the same. · The abilities in maths of those living in the cities are more developed than the students living in the country – side. On that ground some recommendations are given: · In the process of training a teacher should become the assistant of student. · More visual training appliances should be used in order to develop student‘s spatial thinking. · Induce the use of IT, so that the calculation would become easier.
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Ašeris, Vytautas. "Skaičiavimų tinklų naudojimas biokatalizės procesams tirti." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090908_202940-27099.
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Šio darbo tikslas buvo sukurti metodiką, kuri užtikrintų efektyvų skaičiavimų tinklų panaudojimą kompiuteriniams modeliams, nagrinėjantiems biokatalizės procesus. Išnagrinėjus skaičiavimų tinklų panaudojimo galimybes biokatalizės procesams tirti, buvo pateikta skaičiavimų tinklų panaudojimo metodika, kurią galima įgyvendinti nepriklausomai nuo konkretaus skaičiavimų tinklo. Metodika buvo įgyvendinta skaičiavimų tinkle BalticGrid ir taikant šią metodiką atliktas biojutikliuose vykstančio biokatalizės proceso tyrimas. Biojutiklio veikimas aprašomas matematiniu modeliu, kuris bendruoju atveju yra nagrinėjamas naudojant kompiuterinį modelį. Biojutiklių veikimo kompiuteriniai modeliai dažnai yra parametrizuojami ir daugeliu atvejų yra sprendžiamas tas pats uždavinys, tik su skirtingais parametrų rinkiniais. Šiam modeliavimo procesui atlikti tikslinga naudoti skaičiavimų tinklus. Darbe pateikiama metodika buvo pritaikyta atliekant chemiškai modifikuoto biojutiklio kvazistacionariojo ir detaliojo modelių palyginimas. Sukurtos metodikos tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad ši metodika gali būti efektyviai taikoma nagrinėjant biokatalizės procesus. Nustatytas metodikos taikymo efektyvumas konkrečiame skaičiavimų tinkle bei pateiktos rekomendacijos kaip efektyviai taikyti šią metodiką.<br>The purpose of this master thesis was to develop a methodology, which would assure an efficient way to use computing grids for computer models modeling biocatalytic processes. After researching possibilities to use computing grids for modeling of such processes, a methodology was presented, which can be used independently of grid middleware. Methodology was implemented on BalticGrid. By applying this methodology biocatalytic processes in biosensors were investigated. Operation of biosensor is described with mathematical model, which in general case is solved with computer model. Computer models of biosensors are commonly parameterized, and in most cases same problem is being solved only with different set of parameters. Such processes can be solved by using computational grids. Methodology presented in this paper was used to compare quasi steady state and detailed models of chemically modified biosensors. After examining methodology presented in this paper it was proved that this methodology can be used efficiently to research biocatalytic processes. Effectiveness of applying this methodology in concrete computational grid was estimated and suggestions were presented how to apply this methodology in an efficient way.
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Liversage, Alexander Duncan. "Investigations into titin/thick filament stoichiometry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310804.
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Gutierrez, Renan Campos. "O teorema da alternativa de Tits." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-05092012-113104/.
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Este projeto de mestrado tem por objetivo dar uma prova elementar do seguinte teorema de Tits, conhecido como Teorema da Alternativa de Tits: Seja G um grupo linear finitamente gerado sobre um corpo. Então G é solúvel por finito ou G contém um grupo livre não cíclico. Este teorema, que foi provado por J. Tits em 1972 [4], foi considerado pelo matemático J.P. Serre como um dos mais importantes resultados de álgebra do século XX. Quando dizemos uma prova elementar, não queremos absolutamente te dizer uma prova simples. Seguiremos a prova simplificada de John D. Dixon<br>This masters project aims to give an elementary proof of the following theorem of Tits, known as the Alternative Tits Theorem: Let G be a finitely generated linear group over a field. Then either G is solvable by finite or G contains a noncyclic free subgroup. This theorem was proved by J. Tits in 1972 [4], was considered by the mathematician J.P. Serre, as one of the most important algebra results of the XX century. When we say an elementary proof, we absolutely not mean a simple proof. We will follow the simplified proof of John D. Dixon
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Silva, Luís Fernando Pascoal da. "Forest's management impact on tits reproduction." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8780.
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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada - Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de Ecossistemas<br>Actualmente existe uma grande reflorestação do território nacional,
em que as florestas de monoculturas substituem aos poucos as
florestas mais diversificadas e complexas. Neste estudo, um dos
principais objectivos foi comparar os parâmetros reprodutores do
Chapim-real Parus major e do Chapim-azul Cyanistes caeruleus
entre uma floresta nativa de folhosas, uma floresta mista dominada
por espécies exóticas e duas florestas de monocultura – pinhal e
eucaliptal, bem como a influência da orla florestal. O estudo teve
por base caixas ninhos para monitorização dos parâmetros
reprodutores das duas espécies e das variáveis que podem
influenciar a ocupação das mesmas. Os resultados demonstraram
que as características dos diferentes tipos de florestas influenciam
o uso das caixas ninhos, assim como a localização geográfica das
mesmas. Demonstraram ainda que a floresta nativa não é a que
melhores condições oferece para as duas espécies em estudo,
mas sim a floresta que possui maior complexidade e diversidade
vegetal, ou seja a floresta mista. As elevadas densidades e a
competição pelo alimento nas florestas mais complexas, levam a
uma diminuição do sucesso reprodutor dos chapins. Assim, os
eucaliptais apresentam capacidade de suportar a avifauna, desde
que algumas medidas simples sejam aplicadas, como por exemplo
a colocação de caixas ninho, podendo mesmo adquirir maior
potencialidade e adequabilidade para estas espécies do que os
pinhais. À semelhança do que acontece em muitas outras espécies
da fauna, a orla florestal, pela sua peculiaridade e heterogeneidade
de espécies e espaços, confere algumas vantagens aos indivíduos
que as utilizam, traduzindo-se por vezes num aumento do seu
sucesso reprodutor.<br>Nowadays, there’s a high part of the national territory, where
monoculture forest replaces gradually the more complex and
diversified forests. In this study, one of the main objectives was to
compare the reproductive parameters of the great tit Parus major
and the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus among the native broadleaf
forest, the mixed forest dominated by exotic species and two
monoculture forests - pine and eucalyptus forests, as well as the
influence of forest edge. The study involved the use of nest boxes
to monitor the breeding parameters of both species and of the
variables that can influence its occupancy. The results show that
the characteristics of different forest types influence the nest
boxes use, as well as its geographical location. It was also
demonstrated that the native forest isn’t the forest which offers
the best conditions for the two studied species, instead was the
forest that has a greater plant complexity and diversity, i.e. the
mixed forest. The high densities and the food competition in the
more complex forests, decreases the breeding success of the tits.
Thus, eucalyptus forests have the capacity to withstand the
avifauna, since some simple measures are applied, such as the
nest box placement, and may even acquire more capability and
suitability for these species than the pine forest. As in the case of
many other fauna species', the forest edge, due to its uniqueness
and diversity of species and spaces, gives some advantages to
individuals which use it, sometimes leading to an increase in its
reproductive success.
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Gomes, PatrÃcia Bezerra. "AvaliaÃÃo dos efeitos centrais e antinociceptivos das fraÃÃes isoladas da raiz de Petiveria alliacea L. (TIPI) em camundongos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=271.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>AvaliaÃÃo dos efeitos centrais e antinociceptivos das fraÃÃes isoladas da raiz de Petiveria alliacea L. (tipi) em camundongos. PATRÃCIA BEZERRA GOMES. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Francisca ClÃa FlorenÃo de Sousa. DissertaÃÃo de Mestrado. Curso de PÃs-graduaÃÃo em Farmacologia. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFC, 2006.
Petiveria alliacea L. à um arbusto da famÃlia Phytolaccaceae, usada popularmente na medicina folclÃrica para o tratamento de uma ampla variedade de doenÃas nas AmÃricas do Sul e Central. As fraÃÃes acetato (FA), hexÃnica (FH), hidroalcoÃlica (FHA) e hidroalcoÃlica precipitada (FHAppt) da raiz do tipi foram estudadas para investigar suas propriedades farmacolÃgicas, nos modelos de nocicepÃÃo (contorÃÃes abdominais induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico, formalina a 1% e placa quente) e nos modelos comportamentais clÃssicos (campo aberto, labirinto em cruz elevado- LCE, rota rod, tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital, nado forÃado e convulsÃes induzidas por pentilenotetrazol- PTZ). Foram analisados tambÃm os fitoconstituintes presentes no tipi, os efeitos farmacolÃgicos gerais e sua toxicidade aguda. As fraÃÃes foram administradas, via oral (v.o.) e/ou intraperitoneal (i.p.), nas doses de 100 e 200 mg/kg, em camundongos fÃmeas. A abordagem fitoquÃmica das fraÃÃes de Petiveria alliacea revelou a presenÃa de alcalÃides em FA, cumarinas em FA, FHA e FHAppt, saponinas e triterpenos em FA, FH, FHA e FHAppt. O extrato hidroalcoÃlico (500, 1000, 1500 e 2000 mg/kg, i.p.; 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg/kg, v.o.) do tipi apresentou uma baixa toxicidade e os parÃmetros mais visualizados foram analgesia, diminuiÃÃo da motilidade e passividade. Todas as fraÃÃes inibiram as contorÃÃes abdominais induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico. FA (200 mg/kg, i.p.), FH e FHAppt (100 e 200 mg/kg, i.p.), reduziram a nocicepÃÃo produzida pela formalina na 1 e 2 fases. FHA (100 e 200 mg/kg, i.p.) apresentou uma inibiÃÃo significativa na 1 fase deste teste, indicando um possÃvel efeito antinociceptivo. O efeito antinociceptivo produzido por FHAppt (200 mg/kg, i.p.) foi revertido pela naloxona (2mg/kg, s.c.), mostrando uma possÃvel participaÃÃo do sistema opiÃide neste processo. Nenhum efeito significativo foi observado no teste da placa quente. Todas as fraÃÃes do tipi induziram uma diminuiÃÃo significativa na atividade locomotora, rearing e grooming no teste do campo aberto, sugerindo uma possÃvel aÃÃo depressora central. Nenhum efeito significativo foi evidenciado na coordenaÃÃo motora dos animais no teste do rota rod. No LCE, FA (100 e 200 mg/kg, v.o.) reduziu o NEBA (n de entradas nos braÃos abertos) e o TPBA (tempo de permanÃncia nos braÃos abertos). FA, FH e FHA (100 e 200 mg/kg, i.p.), FHAppt (200mg/kg, i.p.) apresentaram uma significativa reduÃÃo do TPBA, indicando uma ausÃncia do efeito ansiolÃtico. As fraÃÃes da raiz de Petiveria alliacea promoveram um aumento significativo do tempo de imobilidade dos camundongos no teste do nado forÃado. AlÃm disso, corroborando estes resultados, as fraÃÃes causaram um prolongamento do tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital, confirmando um provÃvel efeito sedativo e depressor central. Os efeitos neurofarmacolÃgicos de FHA (200 mg/kg, i.p.), observados nos testes do campo aberto e tempo de sono, nÃo foram revertidos com a administraÃÃo de flumazenil (2,5 mg/kg, i.p.), indicando que o mecanismo de aÃÃo de FHA, provavelmente, nÃo està relacionado com a participaÃÃo dos receptores GABAÃrgicos. Todas as fraÃÃes da raiz de Petiveria alliacea aumentaram a latÃncia da 1 convulsÃo e o tempo de morte das convulsÃes induzidas por PTZ nos animais, confirmando seu uso popular como anticonvulsivante. Os resultados mostraram que as diferentes fraÃÃes de Petiveria alliacea L. possuem significativo potencial antinociceptivo, sedativo, depressor e anticonvulsivante, devido à presenÃa destes constituintes, dando suporte ao uso da medicina folclÃrica desta planta.<br>Evaluation of the central and antinociceptive effects of isolated fractions from the root of Petiveria alliacea L. (tipi) in mice. PATRÃCIA BEZERRA GOMES. Supervisor: Profa. Dra. Francisca ClÃa FlorenÃo de Sousa. Master Dissertation. Course of Post-graduation in Pharmacology. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UFC, 2006.
Petiveria alliacea L. a shrub from Phytolaccaceae family, is popularly used in folk medicine for treating a wide variety of disorders in South and Central America. The acetate (FA), hexanic (FH), hydroalcoholic (FHA) and precipitated hydroalcoholic (FHAppt) fractions from the root of tipi were studied to investigate its pharmacological properties in animals nocicepcion models (abdominal contractions induced by acetic acid, formalin 1% and hot plate tests) and in the classical behavioral models (open-field, elevated plus maze- EPM, rota rod, barbiturate-induced sleeping time, forced swimming and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions tests). Were analyzed the phytoconstituents presents in it, the general pharmacological effects and acute toxicity. The fractions were administered orally (p.o.) and/or intraperitoneally (i.p.), at single doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, in female mice. The phytochemical approach of the fractions from Petiveria alliacea demonstrated the presence of alkaloids in FA, coumarins in FA, FHA and FHAppt, saponins and triterpenes in FA, FH, FHA and FHAppt. The hidroalcoholic extract (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg, i.p.; 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg/kg, p.o.) of the tipi presented a low toxicity and the parameters more visualized were analgesic, decrease in locomotor activity and passive behavior. All the fractions inhibited the abdominal contractions induced by acetic acid. FA (200 mg/kg, i.p.), FH and FHAppt (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced the nocicepcion produced by formalin in the 1st and 2nd phases. FHA (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) presented a significant inhibition on the 1st phase, of this test, indicating a possible antinociceptive effect. The antinociceptive effect produced by FHAppt (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was reversed by naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.), showing the participation of the opioid system in this process. No significant effect was observed in the hot plate test. All the fractions of tipi induced a significant decrease in the locomotor activity, rearing and grooming in the open field test, suggesting a possible central depressant action. No significant effect was evident on motor coordination of the animals in the rota rod test. On LCE, FA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the NEOA (n of entries in the open arms) and the TPOA (time of permanence in the open arms). FA, FH and FHA (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.), FHAppt (200mg/kg, i.p.) presented a significant reduction of the TPOA, indicating an absence of anxiolytic effect. The fractions from the root of Petiveria alliacea promoted a significant increase in the immobility time of the mice in the forced swimming test. Moreover, corroborating these results, as caused a prolongation of the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, confirmed a probable sedative and central depressant effect. The neuropharmacological effects of the FHA (200 mg/kg, i.p.), observed in the open field and barbiturate-induced sleeping time tests, werenât reverted with the administration of the flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), indicating that the mechanism of action of the FHA, probably didnât related with the participation of the GABAergic receptors. All the fractions of Petiveria alliacea increased the latency to the first convulsion and the lethal time of the PTZ-induced convulsions test in the animals, confirmed its popular use as anticonvulsant. Results showed that the different fractions of Petiveria alliacea L. have significant antinociceptive, sedative, depressant and anticonvulsant potentials, due to presence in this constituents, supporting folk medicine use of this plant.
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Charton, Karine. "Etude de la physiopathologie de la dystrophie musculaire tibiale et de la dystrophie des ceintures 2J et stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0026/document.
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La titine est une protéine géante exprimée dans les muscles squelettiques et cardiaque. Un certain nombre de mutations pathogéniques ont été identifiées dans son dernier exon codant. La mutation la plus fréquente, FINmaj, conduit au remplacement de 4 acides aminés et est retrouvée chez de nombreux patients en Finlande. Cette mutation cause une dystrophiemusculaire tibiale (TMD) à l‟état hétérozygote et une dystrophie des ceintures de type 2J(LGMD2J) à l‟état homozygote.Pour obtenir une modèle d‟étude de la physiopathologie de ces maladies et évaluer des stratégiesthérapeutiques, nous avons introduit la mutation FINmaj dans le génome murin par une stratégiede Knock-In par recombinaison homologue. Ce modèle a été caractérisé et a permis de montrer qu‟il reproduit en grande partie les symptômes de la TMD et de la LGMD2J aux niveaux histologique et moléculaire. L‟étude de ce modèle murin a permis une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie de ces deux maladies et nous amené à étudier plus attentivement les interactions de la titine en C-ter avec ses partenaires afin de mieux comprendre l‟implication de la ligne M dans la vie du sarcomère. L‟ étude de la physiopathologie de la TMD et de la LGM2J a permis de montrer que la calpaïne 3 (une protéase à l‟origine d‟une autre dystrophie des ceintures), jouait un rôle majeur dans laTMD. Cette constatation nous a permis d‟envisager une approche thérapeutique pour cette dernière visant à diminuer les symptômes en régulant négativement la calpaïne 3. Une approche de thérapie génique a aussi été testée dans le but de traiter ces deux pathologies: le trans-épissage des derniers exons de la titine. En effet, étant donné la grande taille de l'ADNc de la titine (~100 kb), des stratégies classiques de transfert de gène n‟étaient pas envisageables. Pour s'affranchir de ce problème, nous avons testé une approche de trans-épissage de l‟ARN pour remplacer le ou les derniers exons du messager de la titine. Nous avons pu ainsi démontrer la faisabilité de la correction de la titine in vitro<br>Titin is a giant protein expressed in both skeletal muscles and heart. Several pathogenic mutations were identified in its last coding exon. The most frequent mutation commonly referred to as FINmaj, results in the replacement of 4 amino acids and affects a subset of patients in Finland. The mutation causes a Tibial Muscular Dystrophy (TMD) when present on one allele and a Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy phenotype 2J (LGMD2J) when present on both alleles.To obtain a model for studying the physiopathology of these diseases and evaluating therapeutic strategies, we introduced the FINmaj mutation in the murine genome by a knock-in strategy by homologous recombination. This model was characterized and showed that it reproduces mainly the symptoms of both the human TMD and LGMD2J at histological and molecular levels.The study of this mouse model has allowed a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these two diseases and we have to study more carefully the interactions beyond titin C-ter with its partners to better understand the involvement of the M line in life of the sarcomere.The study of the pathophysiology of TMD and LGM2J showed that calpain 3 (a protease thatlind to an other limb-girdle muscular dystrophy), played a major role in TMD. This finding allowed us to consider a treatment approach for TMD to reduce symptoms by regulating negatively calpain 3. A gene therapy approach was also tested: the trans-splicing of the last exon of titin.Indeed, given the large size of the cDNA of titin (~ 100 kb), conventional strategies of genetransfer were not envisaged. To overcome this problem, we tested an approach to exchange the last exon or the last exons of the titin messenger. We were able to demonstrate the correction of titin in vitro
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Gutberlet, Dagmar. "Die Erste Dekade des Livius als Quelle zur gracchischen und sullanischen Zeit /." Hildesheim : G. Olms, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349220847.
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Pettifor, Richard A. "Individual variation of clutch-size in tits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253461.
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Robbins, Daniel Stephen. "A derived Equivalence for the Tits Group." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499894.
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Acerbi, Matteo. "Costruzioni modulari in linguaggi con tipi dipendenti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6756/.
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In questa tesi si indaga come è possibile strutturare in modo modulare programmi e prove in linguaggi con tipi dipendenti. Il lavoro è sviluppato nel linguaggio di programmazione con tipi dipendenti Agda.
Il fine è quello di tradurre l'approccio Datatypes à la carte, originariamente formulato per Haskell, in Type Theory: puntiamo ad ottenere un simile embedding di una nozione di sottotipaggio per tipi ricorsivi, che permetta sia la definizione di programmi con side-effect dove i diversi effetti sono definiti modularmente, che la modularizzazione di sintassi, semantica
e ragionamento relativi a descrizioni di linguaggi.
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Nagy, Bence, Björn Birath, Edvin Bergström, et al. "Hawkeye : En titt in i framtidens räddningstjänstutrustning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167352.
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Denna rapport beskriver kandidatprojektet Hawkeye. Projektet har utförts av åtta studenter inom kursen TDDD96 vid Linköpings Universitet. Projektet har handlat om att skapa ett stöd till framtidens räddningstjänst med hjälp av en Microsoft HoloLens 2 som är ämnad att användas av främre befäl. Huvudfunktionerna för Hawkeye var bland annat att strömma video och sensordata till den bakre ledningen samt erbjuda en mixed reality-vy för att visa information om verktyg och patienter ämnad för den för den främre ledningen. Projektets beställare var forskningsgruppen Ubiquitous Computing and Analytics Group vid Institutionen för Datavetenskap på Linköpings universitet. Rapporten beskriver hur Hawkeye har framställts och de metoder som har tillämpats av projektgruppen, exempelvis Scrum. I slutet av rapporten presenteras de individuella bidrag som gruppmedlemmarna har skrivit och som är relaterade till Hawkeye-projektet.
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Olsson, Johanna, and Annika Sjöberg. "En närmare titt på en språkprofilerad förskola." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35665.
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En språkprofilerad förskola är när man arbetar och tänker mycket på språket. De använder både det talade språket och det skrivna.<br>A language profiled preschool is when you work and think alot about language. They use both the spoken language and the written.
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Parent, Michel. "Affine reflection groups and Bruhat-Tits buildings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27900.
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This thesis contains a summary of material about finite and affine reflection groups as well as about Tits' construction of buildings, aiming ultimately at creating buildings associated to split classical algebraic groups over a p-adic field. To this end, this thesis contains a review of p-adic numbers as well as several examples of classical algebraic groups. It also contains numerous examples worked out in detail.
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Bezerra, Josà Noberto Sousa. "ComposiÃÃo quÃmica,atividade fitonematicida e inseticida de Tipi (Petiveria alliaceae)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1570.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Este trabalho descreve o estudo dos componentes volÃteis e nÃo volÃteis das raÃzes de Petiveria alliaceae, incluindo as atividades nematicida e inseticida do Ãleo essencial. Para o estudo quÃmico, fitonematicida e inseticida utilizou-se as raÃzes da planta, das quais foram obtidos o Ãleo essencial e os constituintes nÃo-volÃteis. Do Ãleo essencial das raÃzes foram identificados os seguintes componentes: benzaldeido (61,5%) (constituinte majoritÃrio) dissulfeto de dibenzila (18,1%), transestilbeno (14,1%) e cinamaldeido (6,3%), sendo que esses dois Ãltimos compostos tambÃm foram isolados atravÃs de cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa e identificados por RMN 1H e 13C. O tratamento cromatogrÃfico dos extratos etanÃlico, acetato de etila e hexÃnico permitiu o isolamento de uma mistura de duas mercaptanas, dissulfeto de dibenzila e o trissulfeto de dibenzila, dissulfeto de dibenzila, uma alantoina e a sacarose, que pela primeira vez foram isoladas das raÃzes de Petiveria alliaceae. As mercaptanas isoladas sÃo conhecidas na literatura por suas atividades fungicidas e nematicida. O Ãleo essencial extraÃdo das raÃzes de P. alliaceae e seus constituintes foram submetidos aos ensaios de atividades nematicida contra larvas de Meloidogyne incÃgnita (nematÃide de galhas) e inseticida contra a Mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci) inseto do feijÃo (Callosobruchus maculatus). Os Ãleos essenciais obtidos de P. alliaceae coletadas nas duas localidades diferentes apresentaram significantes atividades inseticida e nematicida. Os constituintes isolados tiveram suas estruturas elucidadas atravÃs de mÃtodos espectromÃtricos de IV, EM, RMN 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais (COSY, HMQC e HMBC).<br>This work describes the study of the volatile and the non-volatile components from the roots of Petiveria alliaceae, including the nematicidal and insecticidal activities of the essential oil. The following components were identified in the essential oil: benzaldehyde as the major constituent (61, 5 %), cinnamaldehyde (6, 3%), dibenzyl disulphide (18, 1%), transstilbene (14, 1%). The two last compounds were also isolated through a chromatography in a preparative thin layer identified by RMN 1H and 13C. The isolation of a mixture of two mercaptans, benzyl disulphide and dibenzyl trisulphide, saccharose and allantoin, which were isolated for the first time from the Petiveria alliaceae, was permitted by the chromatographic treatment of the ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethanolic extracts. The isolated mercaptans are known in literature for their fungicide and insecticide activities. The constituents of the essential oil, extracted from the roots of Petiveria alliaceae, were submitted to the nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita larva, insecticide against white fly (Bemisa tabaci) and insect of the beans (Callosobruchus maculatos). Significant insecticidal and nematicidal activities were present in the essential oil from the P. alliaceae, collected in two different localities. The isolated constituents had their structure elucidated through spectrometric methods of IV, EM, RMN 1H and 13C uni and bi-dimensional (COSY, HMQC and HMBC)
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Yasar, Fatih. "Thermomechanical Characterization Of Ti Rich Tini Shape Memoryalloys." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607835/index.pdf.
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Titanium-nickel is a unique class of material known as Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). A thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation is responsible for its extraordinary properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity. The near equiatomic Ti-Ni alloys are the commercially most exploited SMAs because of the unique combination of these properties and superior ductility, strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. The properties of Ti-Ni SMAs are very sensitive to composition and the processing parameters. The properties of Ti-Ni SMAs can be modified to a great extent by choice of composition, mechanical working and heat treatment.
Thermo-mechanical treatments are required to strengthen the matrix and improve the shape memory characteristics. Plastic deformation and subsequent annealing is the common way to improve shape memory properties.
In the present study, Ti- 50 at% Ni wire specimens are produced and used for the investigation of the effect of different heat treatment and cold working processes on shape memory characteristics. To investigate the thermomechanical behavior of differently processed wire specimens, a fully computerized servo hydraulic thermomechanical testing machine was designed and constructed. Testing machine was capable to perform different types of tests that are selected by the user. It can both heat and cool the specimen automatically according to the testing sequence by applying DC current directly through the SMA wire or by sending liquid nitrogen into the cooling chamber. Temperature is measured by a K-type thermocouple directly mounted on the wire specimen with a glass tape. Force that is applied to the specimen is produced by hydraulic power unit with a double action cyclinder and it is controlled by a controller which takes the feedback from the loadcell and LVDT (Linear Variable Distance Transducer). During performig thermomechanical-tests all the data of loadcell, LVDT and thermocouple are collected by a data acqusition system integrated with a host computer that operates the program XPC Target.
Ti-Ni alloy with equiatomic composition is prepared in vacum induction furnace. Specimen cast in the form of rod was then hot swaged. Subsequent to swaging, cold wire drawing, intermediate annealing at 500 &<br>#61616<br>C and water quenching was applied to obtain SMA wire with a diameter of 1.52 mm. Ti-Ni wires produced were subjected to four different processes. All the samples were initially solution heat treated at 925 &<br>#61616<br>C for 30 minutes prior to water quenching. Some of the samples were further treated by an intermediate anneal at 500 &<br>#61616<br>C. To see the effect of cold working<br>prior to intermediate annealing, 20 % or 40 % cold work was applied to another group of specimens.
To study the shape memory characteristics of specimens subjected to the above mentioned processes, four types of test, namely constant stress free recovery test, constant strain free recovery test, constant stress constrained recovery test and constant strain constrained recovery test, were designed and applied cyclically.
The tests have shown that the stress plateau observed in the first cycle of the tests disappear upon cycling and the shape memory characteristics improve and stabilize with cycling. Once trained by cycling, fractional free recovery was observed to reach to 100 % and recovery stress to reach 120% of the applied stress if shape recovery is prevented.
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Patrick, Samantha. "Individual Personality and Sexual Selection in Great Tits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494212.
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Geis, David [Verfasser]. "On the combinatorics of Tits arrangements / David Geis." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161845658/34.
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Schuster, Joseph M. "The contribution of titin to striated muscle shortening." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5758.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "December 2008" Includes bibliographical references.
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van, Dijk Rene E. "Sexual conflict over parental care in penduline tits." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507745.
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Sexual conflict, the different interests of males and females over reproduction, is a potent evolutionary force. Here I investigate sexual conflict in the context of parental care by focussing on two questions: (i) which behavioural, morphological and environmental traits influence the parents’ decision to care for the brood or desert? (ii) How does sexual conflict influence the evolution of behaviour and morphology? I investigate both questions using a small, polygamous passerine bird, the Eurasian penduline tit Remiz pendulinus, which exhibits intense sexual conflict over parental care such that either the male, the female or both parents desert the clutch. Using detailed behavioural observations during the crucial few days preceding desertion, I argue that it may be in the parents’ best interest to conceal their intention to care for (or desert) their brood. The rapid resulting process that leads to variable parental care resembles a coordination game in which either parent may desert first. I developed a game-theoretical model that suggests that a key to resolving the conflict between parents is the sex difference in reproductive payoffs for given parental care strategies, rather than differences in parental quality per se. Environmental variables (e.g. food availability and mating opportunities) seem only subsidiary in the decision-making process of parents. My final chapter explores ramifications of sexual conflict at an evolutionary timescale. By comparing the highly polygamous Eurasian penduline tit with the monogamous Cape penduline tit, I show that morphological and behavioural differences between these two species are consistent with predictions of sexual conflict theory. During my PhD I also identified that there is considerable variation in breeding systems within different species of penduline tits. I argue that by studying these systems new insights will emerge into (i) the drivers of breeding systems, and (ii) neural and genomic traits that underlie breeding system evolution.
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Handzic, Medina, and Haris Imsirovic. "Erlander VS Tito : A comparative analysis of ideology." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12735.
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This thesis intends to do an analysis of the socialist ideology in former Yugoslavia and Sweden during the time 1948 until 1962. The analysis is done on 8 political speeches each, from the former president of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito and from the former prime minister of Sweden, Tage Erlander. We have specified our analysis on five certain policy areas which are: labour market, welfare, foreign policy, democracy and national identity. The aim of the study is to find what kind of similarities and differences that can be found in the speeches, in relation to socialist values. The reason for analysing the views from these two politicians’, is because both claim to be socialist. The study shows that the socialist ideology in Sweden and Yugoslavia, have both similarities and differences. Both Erlander and Tito stem from a Marxist idea tradition which is evident in how they advocate for economic socialism, the labour theory and for the overall implementation of socialism in their respective nation. The main differences that is evident from their speeches is how they look upon the control of government, something which makes them very different in terms of socialist values. Erlander is advocating for a social democratic socialist model which is controlled by the people in a democratic manner, whereas Tito is advocating for a revolutionary, soviet-like socialism that is controlled by himself and the party he represents. The differences and similarities in the socialist values becomes apparent in the different policy areas. Where in some areas, the socialist values differ a lot and in some, less.
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Adhikerana, Asep Sunjaya. "The singing behaviour of coal tits (Parus ater)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15073.
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This thesis investigates the singing behaviour of coal tits (Parus ater) from two different study sites. A background to the functional significance of songs in a broad context is given in Chapter 1. This chapter also briefly introduces the biology of coal tits. Chapter 2 describes more general aspects of coal tit songs, and evaluates and compares the variability in song structure of two coal tit populations. The study has looked at the distribution of songs within populations, and at the effect of distance between individuals on the composition of their repertoires. The results are presented in Chapter 3. A new hypothesis has been proposed to explain the significance of song repertoires, namely the anti-exhaustion hypothesis. The hypothesis was tested on coal tits, and the results are presented in Chapter 4. Using playback experiments the singing interaction in coal tits was investigated. Two experiments were carried out in order to test the predictions that a bout of song could give information about individual's fitness, and that song length might indicate individual 'strength'. The results are presented in Chapter 5.
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Buffet, Anita. "La violence chez Tite-Live : mythographie et historiographie." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20041.
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La representation de la violence chez tite-live semble liee a la notion de dualite qui apparait comme un element recurrent des schemas conflictuels. Le montage ideologique occultent volontiers le caractere mimetique des affrontements tend a differencier le plus possible les protagonistes, faisant des uns des heros civilisateurs, des autres des reprouves legitimement exclus. Le sacre qui legitime, sublime et met a distance la violence, joue ici un role important. Loin d'etre purement anecdotiques, ces recits renvoient necessairement a la violence collectiv a l'idee que rome se fait de sa propre violence. Les affrontements et leurs issues semblent se partager en deux courants apparemment opposes : celui de l'exclusion et celui de la synthese. Mais les liens et les passerelles entre les deux sont multiples et ils sont a bien des egards voisins, emanant l'un et l'autre du meme discours d'ordre et de hierarchisation. L'etude des institutions et notamment celle de la royaute donne a nouveau la mesure de l'importance prise par la representation de la violence qui ici aussi semble au coeur du jeu politique. On retrouve ici les schemas de dualite dont on peut se demander si, par-dela l'univers livien, ils ne renvoient pas a des constantes de la mentalite romaine<br>The study of most of the narratives dealing with violence and conflicts in the work of livy reveals the existence of recurrent patterns essentially based on duality and on mimesis. The sacred is of great importance in these narratives : it explains, it justifies and it sublimates violence. It also contributes to turn some of the protagonists into heroes and their adversaries into transgressors. The violence of the formers becomes then positive and contributes to create or to maintain order. The narratives have two kinds of different, apparently opposed issues : those based upon exclusion patterns and those based upon synthesis. However, in spite of their diversity, these different issues are linked ; they illustrate in fact the same ideology. The importance of the discourse on violence is also revealed by the study of the institutions, and more particularly by the study of kingship. Here again a fundamental role is played by the sacred and by the patterns of duality which seem to be, well beyond livy, a part of the roman world vision
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Bogomolovas, Julijus. "Titin role in muscle homeostasis : the kinase domain." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18355/.
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The giant muscle protein titin is a central player in cardiovascular health and disease. Titin molecules spanning half of the sarcomere form a filament system in striated muscles. The titin filament is not only an essential structural component of sarcomere, but also plays a central role in myofibril signaling through its kinase domain (TK) and numerous protein ligands. Thus, not surprisingly, mutations in this molecule might have detrimental effects. In this work a structure-driven approach was taken to re-evaluate titin kinase catalytic activity and the pathogenicity of two cardiomyopathy-associated titin mutations. Comparison of recombinant preparations from E.coli and insect cells revealed intrinsic inactivity of TK. It was demonstrated that previously reported phosphotransfer activity towards Tcap (a small Z-disc protein) is due to contaminant kinase activity from insect cells but not TK itself. Next, it was established that the eukaryotic host produces structurally indistinguishable TK from that produced in insect cells, albeit inactive towards Tcap, classical kinase substrates or extracts from mature or differentiating muscles. Structural analysis identified evolutionary conserved residue substitutions converting vertebrate TKs to pseudokinases. The structural context of dilated cardiomyopathy associated mutation was revealed in the crystal structure of TK enclosing neighboring domains A170 and M1. The mutation site resides in a conserved helix located in the linker region between TK and the binding site of ubiquitin E3 ligase MuRF1. Aspartate to valine substitution causes disruption of a conserved hydrogen bond and detachment of the affected helix from TK. In the context of the titin filament, this causes dissociation of the binding site from TK and increases interdomain flexibility. Structural alterations translate into increased MuRF1-mediated degradation of mutant titin fragments through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Speculatively, haploinsufficiency of mutant titin could be a possible pathomechanism leading to dilated cardiomyopathy associated with the mutation under study. Comprehensive analysis of arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy associated titin mutation generated a novel model of pathogenesis. In contrast to previous reports, we demonstrate that mutation does not cause affected domain I10 unfolding, and is structurally compatible. Observed destabilization of the domain was attributed to a disrupted hydrogen bond, causing increased flexibility. A crystal structure of the affected domain flanked by adjacent domains I9-I11 demonstrated that threonine to isoleucine substitution might have detrimental effects on interdomain arrangement, resulting in exposure of a hydrophobic patch. Functionally, differential localization of mutant protein was observed in transgenic muscles. Speculatively, mutation could result in impaired folding of mutant protein and lead to accumulation of degradation-resistant aggregates or cause an increased stickiness to thin filaments as a novel pathomechanism. Results presented in this work demonstrate that TK is a catalytically inactive pseudokinase acting as a molecular scaffold. It was demonstrated that TK and MuRF1 signaling modules are structurally interconnected and genetic perturbation of this link might lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. In similar fashion, genetic alteration of interaction between immunoglobulin domains might cause arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy.
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Cabeça, Maria Antónia Augusta. "Tit for tat em adolescentes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/373.
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Hickson, Frances V. "Roman prayer language : Livy and the Aneid of Vergil /." Stuttgart : B. G. Teubner, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37093995x.
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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Chapel Hill, N. C.--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1986. Titre de soutenance : Voces precationum : the vocabulary of prayer in Livy and the Aeneid of Vergil.<br>Bibliogr. p. 183-193. Index.