Journal articles: 'Titanomagnetite'

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Murzin, V. V., G. A. Palyanova, E. V. Anikina, and V. P. Moloshag. "Mineralogy of noble metals (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) in Volkovskoe Cu-Fe-Ti-V deposit (Middle Urals, Russia)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-5-643-659.

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Research subject. The mineral compositions of titanomagnetitic (apatite, titanomagnetite) and copper-titanomagnetitic (bornite, chalcopyrite, apatite, titanomagnetite) ores of the Volkovskoe Cu-Fe-Ti-V deposit (Middle Urals, Russia).Methods. The research was carried out using a Jeol JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope and X-ray spectral microanalyzers JXA-5 (Jeol) at the Geoanalitik Collective Use Center of the IGG UB RAS. Results and conclusions.Native gold (with ≤ 0.3 wt % Pd, 0.2–0.4 wt % Cu; fneness 800–914 ‰), tellurides of Pd, Au and Ag (merenskyite, keithconnite, sylvanite, hessite) and Pt arsenide (sperrylite) were found in the copper-titanomagnetitic ores. For the frst time, two generations of native gold (fneness 1000 and 850–860 ‰) and palladium telluride (keithconnite Pd3-xTe) were detected in titanomagnetitic ores. The sequence of ore mineral formation and the features of their genesis were revealed. Native gold (fneness 1000‰) in the form of microinclusions in titanomagnetite was attributed to the magmatic stage. Noble metal minerals, intergrown with copper sulfdes (bornite, chalcopyrite, digenite) and associated with late hydroxyl-bearing minerals (amphibole, epidote, chlorite), are superimposed in relation to the magmatic minerals (pyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, etc.) of these ores. Merenskyite, sperrylite, high fneness gold (800–914 ‰), as well as carrolite, cobaltite, copper-cobalt telluride and bismuth tellurium-selenide kawazulite Вi2Te2Se are syngenetic with copper sulfdes. The Au-Ag tellurides were deposited later than these minerals. It is shown that the high fugacity of tellurium, which binds Pd, Au, and Ag into tellurides, prevents the occurrence of native gold containing high concentrations of palladium and silver.

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Atmadzhidi, A. S., and K. V. Goncharov. "The complex processing of titanomagnetite concentrates of the Gremyakha-vyrmes deposit with extraction of vanadium and titanium." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 2-2021 (December 13, 2021): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.2.5.005.

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Titanomagnetites are a complex raw material with a high content of valuable components: iron (35–65 %), vanadium (0.5–1.5 %) and titanium (2–14 %). Today, titanium–magnetite concentrates are processed in two ways: blast furnace (Russia, China) and using electric smelting (South Africa). The blast–furnace method is applicable only for low–titanium titanomagnetites. In the case of using titanomagnetite concentrates with a titanium dioxide content of more than 4 %, the method of electric smelting with preliminary reduction is applicable. Both technologies aim to recover the two components iron and vanadium, while titanium is not recovered. In this regard, the development of a complex technology for processing titanomagnetite concentrate to obtain iron in granular form, vanadium pentoxide and titanium is urgent.

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Agamirova, Alexandra S., Konstantin V. Goncharov, and Guseyn B. Sadykhov. "The complex processing of titanomagnetites with a high content of titanium dioxide." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (December 27, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.001.

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Titanomagnetites are a complex raw material with a high content of valuable components: iron (35–65 %), vanadium (0.5–1.5 %) and titanium (2–14 %). Today, titanium-magnetite concentrates are processed in two ways: blast furnace (Russia, China) and using electric smelting (South Africa). The blast-furnace method is applicable only for low-titanium titanomagnetites. In the case of using titanomagnetite concentrates with a titanium dioxide content of more than 4 %, the method of electric smelting with preliminary reduction is applicable. Both technologies aim to recover the two components (iron and vanadium), while titanium is not recovered. In this regard, the development of a complex technology for processing titanomagnetite concentrate to obtain iron in granular form, vanadium pentoxide and titanium, is urgent.

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Medyanik, N., A. Smirnova, L. Kolyada, and Yu Bessonova. "STUDY OF POSSIBILITY OF VANADIUM AND TITANIUM CHEMICAL EXTRACTION FROM TITANOMAGNETITE ORE IRON CONCENTRATE." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 7 (2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-7-44-51.

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The metallurgical industry is experiencing certain difficulties in the raw material segment of ferrous metals due to the depletion of highly liquid target iron ores reserves, the alternative of which are titanomagnetites. In addition, the demand for vanadium and titanium is increasing on the world market, the absolute part of the world stock of which also falls on titanomagnetite ore. Complex processing of titanomagnetite ores provides for production of not only iron concentrate, but also vanadium and titanium present in it. In this regard, the relevance of research lies in the need for deep complex processing of titanomagnetites and their enrichment products. The object of the study was iron concentrate of titanomagnetite ore from the Volkovsky deposit. Due to the isomorphism of vanadium with iron and the extremely thin integration of titanium into magnetite grains, the purpose of this investigate was to study the possibility of vanadium and titanium chemical extraction from titanomagnetite ore iron concentrate. The authors have analyzed the features of the chemical and mineralogical composition of iron concentrate. Granulometric, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analyses are used in the work. The feasibility of complex processing of iron concentrate in order to extract not only iron from it, but also such valuable components as vanadium and titanium by acid leaching has been proved. It has been experimentally established that it is possible to extract vanadium into solution and concentrate titanium in the cake by acid leaching of iron concentrate. The highest percentage of vanadium extraction (68.31%) is achieved by leaching with 30% hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 92-98 °C. It has been established that titanium is not extracted into the solution, but is concentrated in the cake, however, titanium dioxide is partially dissolved when hot sulfuric acid is used. Thus, it was proved that, it is preferable to use solutions of hydrochloric acid, rather than sulfuric acid for the selective separation of titanium and vanadium, due to the dissolution of titanium dioxide in hot sulfuric acid

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Molchanov, V. P., A. A. Yudakov, and M. A. Medkov. "Study of the possibilities of technology of complex extraction of useful components from coastal-sea placers of Primorye with application of methods of pyro-hydrometallurgy." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-242-248.

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Intensive exploitation of placer gold deposits in Primorye led to the depletion of their geological reserves, which was reflected in a sharp decrease in the production of precious metals. An alternative source of precious metals is the never before exploited placer deposits of the Primorsky shelf, which have concentrated a significant amount of gold and titanomagnetite. The importance of gold as the basis of the economic security of our country can hardly be overestimated. Titanomagnetites are solid solutions of titanium dioxide in magnetite containing a rich gamut of impurities V, Cr, Zr and other alloying elements. Russia has gained vast experience in processing gold-bearing ores, but the problem of developing gold-titanomagnetite coastal-marine placers has not yet been solved. The objectives of our research included assessing the possibilities of industrial processing of metal-bearing sands of the Rudnev Bay of the Sea of Japan using pyro-hydrometallurgy and fluoride opening methods. For this, a four-stage scheme for the extraction of useful components was developed. In the first of them, the initial sands underwent gravitational enrichment, followed by separation by electromagnetic separation into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. In the second stage, the magnetic material represented by titanomagnetite underwent fine grinding, reduction firing in hydrogen, and sintering of the powder material. In the third stage, non-magnetic components, which include the bulk of gold and zircon, served as the feedstock for exposure to a thiocarbamide-thiocinate solution. In the fourth stage, the insoluble cake concentrating zircon was fluorinated with ammonium bifluoride. The use of this scheme for processing metal-bearing sands made it possible to extract native gold, zirconium concentrate and iron powders of various fineness.

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Baboshko, Dmytro, Levan Saithareiev, Hennadiy Hubin, Oksana Vodennikova, and Ihor Skidin. "Researching of physicochemical and structural-phase transformations in carbothermal titanomagnetite concentrates reduction for sustainable development of raw materials base of metallurgical enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016606011.

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This study displays results of carbothermal reduction researches of titanоmagnetite concentrate obtained during complex apatite-titanomagnetite-ilmenite ore dressing. The mineral composition was analyzed and the structural and textural features of the titaniferous ore of Kropivensky deposit and the titanomagnetite concentrate obtained from it were revealed. The mechanism of solid-phase carbothermal the titanomagnetite concentrate reduction is investigated. Temperature-time parameters have been discovered to ensure the formation of both products with the maximum yields of iron and titania from metal and slag-phase during titanomagnetite concentrate reduction. One-stage resource-saving flow chart of titanomagnetite concentrate processing with mass fraction up to 25% TiO2 is developed.. It allows to obtain two marketable products: granular cast iron (92-96.5% Fe, 3.4-3.7% C, 0.5% V) in 57% yield and titaniferous slag (50-55% TiO2, up to 7.4% FeO) in 43% yield.

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Xu, Zhi-Hao, Zong-Feng Yang, Xiu-Hui An, Rui Xu, and Jun-Nan Qi. "Relationship between the Texture and Composition of Titanomagnetite in Hannuoba Alkaline Basalt: A New Geospeedometer." Minerals 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111412.

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The nucleation and growth of crystals in igneous rocks is usually thought to occur under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. However, recent studies on igneous textures and mineral compositions have shown that these processes probably occur under thermodynamic disequilibrium conditions. Titanomagnetite with variable crystal sizes can be observed in Hannuoba alkaline basalt, indicating disequilibrium crystallization processes (different cooling rates). The ratio of the maximum particle size to the area abundance of titanomagnetite, as determined by an analysis of previous studies on the texture of minerals, was negatively correlated with the apparent cooling rate. We analyzed the chemical composition and crystal size distribution of titanomagnetite in ten Hannuoba alkaline basalt samples to determine the connection between the apparent cooling rate and titanomagnetite composition. In Hannuoba samples, the cooling rate was found to affect cationic substitution in the titanomagnetite solid solution, and an increase in cooling rate led to a decrease in Ti4+ and an increase in Fe3+. The partition coefficient of Ti between titanomagnetite and the melt (DTi) is negatively correlated with the apparent cooling rate. These findings are consistent with those in experimental petrology and help us propose a better, more general geospeedometer. The cooling rate also impacted Mg2+ and Al3+, but they were more impacted by the melt composition and crystallinity of the coexisting melt. Therefore, a new geospeedometer was calibrated by considering the titanomagnetite composition, melt composition and the content of the clinopyroxene.The cooling rates of the Hannuoba basalt samples measured using the new geospeedometer calibrated in this study range from 0.7 to 7.0 (±0.5) °C/min. It cannot accurately predict the cooling rate from titanomagnetite in intermediate rock, felsic rock or Fe-rich basaltic melts. The new titanomagnetite geospeedometer can better measure the cooling rate of alkaline basalt and may help identify the effects of kinetically controlled crystallization on isotope fractionation, evaluate mineral thermobarometers and better recognize thermal remanence magnetization and ancient magnetic fields.

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Yu, Wen, Xiaojin Wen, Wei Liu, and Jiangan Chen. "Carbothermic Reduction and Nitridation Mechanism of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate." Minerals 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070730.

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In this study, the carbothermic reduction and nitridation mechanism of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate are investigated in terms of phase transformation, microstructure transformation, and thermodynamic analyses. The differences in the reaction behavior of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate, as well as the distribution characteristic of V in the roasted products, are emphatically studied. It is observed that the reaction sequences of titanomagnetite and ilmenite transformations into nitride are as follows: Fe3−xTixO4→Fe2TiO4→FeTiO3→M3O5→(Ti, V)(N, C); FeTiO3→M3O5→Ti(N, C). The reduction of M3O5 to TiN is the rate-limiting step of the entire reaction, and metal iron is an important medium for transferring C for the reduction of M3O5. Titanomagnetite is faster to convert into nitride than ilmenite is, and the reasons for this are discussed in detail. During the entire roasting process, V mainly coexists with Ti and seems to facilitate the conversion of titanium oxides into (Ti, V)(N, C).

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Jensen, Aage. "Cupriferous pseudobrookite in a Tertiary basalt from the Faeroe Islands." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 34 (December 19, 1985): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1985-34-09.

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Forty-five electron microprobe analyses have been carried out on pseudobrookite occurring in a basalt from the Faeroe Islands. It is shown that pseudobrookite formed after ilmenite contains between 1 and 3% CuO, whereas pseudobrookite formed after titanomagnetite does not contain Cu. This difference in Cu content is not inherited from the original ilmenite and titanomagnetite, but arises during the formation of the pseudobrookite. The pseudobrookite in this basalt, regardless of whether it formed from ilmenite or from titanomagnetite, is richer in Ti than in the formula Fe2TiO5, the surplus Ti4+ being balanced by the presence of divalent ions such as Mg, Mn, Fe and Cu. Mg and Cu dominate in pseudobrookite after ilmenite, Fe and Mg dominate in pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite. Pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite is richer in Ti than pseudobrookite after ilmenite. The pseudobrookite is not homogeneous. Both pseudobrookite formed from ilmenite and that formed from titanomagnetite contain small blebs of hematite and rutile, and furthermore pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite is intergrown with larger coherent areas of hematite. The hematite blebs in pseudobrookite after ilmenite can contain up to more than 5% CuO, but there is virtually no copper in either type of hematite in the pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite, nor do the rutile blebs contain copper.

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GORBATOVA, Elena Aleksandrovna. "Determination of the possibility of separation of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in the selective separation of titanomagnetite ores." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-1-140-149.

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Experience in the development of iron-titanium ores has shown that their successful processing is possible only with the use of complex combined processing schemes. The possibility of selective extraction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite products during magnetic (electromagnetic) separation is considered during processing of altered disseminated titanomagnetite ores of the Medvedevsky deposit. Purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of separation of microaggregates of titanomagnetite and ilmenite during selective magnetic (electromagnetic) separation of disseminated titanomagnetite ores. Materials and methods. Classification of crushed material with its subsequent separation by magnetic (electromagnetic) properties. Analysis of the distribution of iron and titanium dioxide and the identification of the nature of the disclosure of ore and non-metallic minerals from the standpoint of technological mineralogy. Results. Products of classified ore after magnetic (electromagnetic) separation are characterized by uneven distribution. Most of the material (45,01%) is concentrated in fractions separated at a magnetic field with strength of more than 250 mT. The yield of magnetic fraction is 2,89%. A high content of Femagnetic is characteristically for the products of magnetic separation of titanomagnetite ore obtained at the magnetic field with strength of 10 mT. Generally, titanium dioxide is concentrated in the products of electromagnetic separation separated at a magnetic field with strength of 140 mT. Studies have established that the products obtained at H = 10 mT consist of 37% titanomagnetite aggregates of varying degrees of martitization. With increasing of magnetic field strength, the number of titanomagnetite grains decreases and the content of ilmenite grains increases in the products of electromagnetic separation. In this case at H = 140 mT, free grains (55%) are mainly consist of ilmenite. Conclusions. Analysis of the magnetic separation products showed that with a magnetic field strength of 10 mT it is possible to obtain a product with mainly titanomagnetite composition, and it is possible to obtain a product with mainly ilmenite composition with a magnetic field strength of 140 mT.

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Gao, Wenyuan, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Nigel J. Cook, Ashley Slattery, Fei Huang, and Dan Song. "Nanoscale Study of Titanomagnetite from the Panzhihua Layered Intrusion, Southwest China: Multistage Exsolutions Record Ore Formation." Minerals 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090513.

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Titanomagnetite from Fe-Ti-V ores of the Lanjiahuoshan deposit, Panzhihua layered intrusion, Southwest China, was investigated at the nanoscale. The objectives were to establish the composition of exsolution phases and their mutual relationships in order to evaluate the sequence of exsolution among oxide phases, and assess mechanisms of ore formation during magma emplacement. At the micron-scale, titanomagnetite shows crosscutting sets of exsolutions with ilmenite and Al-Mg-Fe-spinel (pleonaste), as well as overprint, both in terms of phase re-equilibration and remobilization of trace elements. Most complex textures were found in titanomagnetite surrounded by ilmenite and this was selected for high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) imaging and STEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) spot analysis and mapping on a thin foil prepared in situ on a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope platform. Titanomagnetite revealed two sequential sets of exsolutions, {111} crosscutting {100}, which are associated with changes in phase speciation and trace element distribution patterns. Qandilite is the dominant spinel phase inside titanomagnetite; magnesioferrite is also identified. In contrast, Fe-poor, Al-rich, Mg-bearing spinel is present within ilmenite outside the grain. Vanadium enrichment in newly-formed magnetite lamellae is clear evidence for trace element remobilization. This V-rich magnetite shows epitaxial relationships with ilmenite at the contact with titanomagnetite. Two-fold super-structuring in ilmenite is evidence for non-redox re-equilibration between titanomagnetite and ilmenite, supporting published experimental data. In contrast, the transformation of cubic Ti-rich spinel into rhombohedral ilmenite imaged at the nanoscale represents the “oxy-exsolution” model of titanomagnetite–ilmenite re-equilibration via formation of a transient ulvöspinel species. Nanoscale disorder is encountered as vacancy layers in Ti-rich spinel, and lower symmetry in the Fe-poor, Al-Mg phase, suggesting that slow cooling rates can preserve small-scale phase equilibration. The cooling history of titanomagnetite ore can be reconstructed as three distinct stages, concordant with published models for the magma plumbing system: equilibrium crystallization of Al-rich, Mg-bearing titanomagnetite from cumulus melts at ~55 km, with initial exsolutions occurring above 800 °C at moderate fO2 conditions (Stage 1); crosscutting {111} exsolutions resulting in formation of qandilite, attributable to temperature increase due to emplacement of another batch of melt affecting the interstitial cumulus during uplift. Formation of 2-fold superstructure ilmenite + V-rich magnetite exsolution pairs representing non-redox equilibration indicates resetting of the cooling path at this stage (Stage 2); and ilmenite formation from pre-existing Ti-rich spinel and ulvöspinel, illustrative of redox-driven cooling paths at <10 km (Stage 3). HAADF STEM provides direct imaging of atomic arrangements, allowing recognition of processes not recognizable at the micron-scale, and can thus be used to constrain exsolution models during ore formation.

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Jensen, Aage. "An unusual titanomagnetite replacing spinel." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 40 (December 30, 1993): 300–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1993-40-14.

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n a recent investigation of the Fe-Ti-oxides in the Koster dyke swarm, SW Sweden, one of the dykes from sector I (41197) was omitted because the cubic Fe-Ti-oxides in this dyke were found to deviate from those in all the other dykes. The Fe-Ti-oxides in 41197 consist partly of ilmenite as free grains, and partly of titanomagnetite with sandwich as well as trellis oxyexsolution lamellae of ilmenite. Some of the titanomagnetite grains have a core of grey spine!, and there are also grains consisting mainly of spine!, but with the spine! clearly being replaced by titanomagnetite. Electron microprobe analyses of these Fe-Ti-oxides have revealed that the ilmenite as free grains has a composition quite similar to that in the other Koster dykes from sector I. Apart from a small content of Cr, the ilmenite lamellae in the titanomagnetite grains also show good agreement with the other Koster dykes from sector I, but there are small but significant differences between the ilmenite lamellae from grain to grain within the sample. The titanomagnetite groundmass also shows small but significant differences between different grains. The composition of the titanomagnetite varies from ferroferrites to ferrochromferrites. The grey spine! varies from ferrospinel over ferrochromspinel to ferroferrichromspinel. Except for the spine! grain with only incipient replacement by titanomagnetite, the spinels have a rim which is richer in Mg, Al and Zn and poorer in Cr and Fe+++ than the core. Temperature and fO2 of coexisting pairs of ilmenite and titanomagnetite varies from 991°C, fO2 10-12-9, to 1104°C, fO2 10-11-2.

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Modiga, A., and A. Mwamba. "The effect of titanium slag on the properties of glass-ceramic composites from South African coal fly ash." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 40, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/satnt.2021cosaami.07.

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In this study, the impact of titanomagnetite slag on the structure of glass-ceramic composites was investigated. The slag was added as a source of titania which promotes nucleation within the parent glass matrix and magnesium oxide which facilitates crystallisation. A mixture of fly ash and varying quantities of waste beverage glass and titanomagnetite slag were melted. The melts were then annealed at lower temperatures to reduce the internal stress and, subsequently, cooled to room temperature to produce parent glasses. The mass of fly ash was held constant at 60%, while the mass of the waste beverage glass and titanomagnetite slag was varied between 10-30% and 0-30% respectively. Afterwards, the parent glasses were converted to glass-ceramic composites through a controlled double-staged thermal treatment. Characterisation of these composites showed that an increase in titanomagnetite slag resulted in many crystal phases forming within the glass-ceramic matrix and an increased porosity. The desired diopside phase was not detected in the composites same as when pure magnesium oxide was added instead of the titanomagnetite slag. The compressive strengths, the bulk densities and melting temperatures of the glass-ceramic composites were found to be lower as compared to glass-ceramic composites produced from a mixture containing pure magnesium oxide. However, they were highly resistant to attack by nitric acid and sodium hydroxide.

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Zhang, Zhibin, Fei Huang, Yongli Li, Kaijun Liu, and Fude Zhao. "Nano-Micron Exsolved Spinels in Titanomagnetite and Their Implications for the Formation of the Panzhihua Fe–Ti–V Oxide Deposit, Southwest China." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18448.

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The nano-micron exsolved spinels with various mineralogical characteristics in titanomagnetite from Fe–Ti oxide gabbros in the Panzhihua Fe–Ti–V oxide deposit, SW China, have been studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) based on comparisons of physical and chemical conditions at different stratigraphic heights to investigate the compositional inheritance between titanomagnetite and exsolved spinel and further explore the relationship between the morphology and growth of exsolved spinels. Restored chemical data for titanomagnetite combined with evidence from petrography and whole-rock geochemistry imply fractional crystallization of the Panzhihua Fe–Ti–V oxide deposit, where the titanomagnetite of thick massive oxides at the bottom of the No. VIII orebody represents the early crystallizing phase characterized by high temperature and oxygen fugacity. The chemical variation in the exsolved spinel, which has the same trend as the restored composition of titanomagnetite, represents inheritance from the parent rock within the Panzhihua deposit. Exsolved spinel continuously adjusts morphology and grain size to decrease the total energy of the manganate-spinel system from fine-grained spinels parallel to the {100} plane of titanomagnetite to spinels with complex stellate morphology to bulky granular spinels with high degrees of idiomorphism. The unusual multiple magma replenishment during the mineralizing process and at different stratigraphic heights in the Panzhihua intrusion had an important influence on the thermal evolution history of the orebody, resulting in the identifiable spatial distribution patterns of spinel morphology and grain size. Using spinel exsolution as a discriminator for the provenance of magmatic ore deposits may provide intuitive and easy mineralogical evidence to qualitatively discuss the evolution of the metallogenetic environment and the ore-forming conditions for similar large mafic intrusions.

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Zhou, Lan Hua, Fu Hong Zeng, Wei Gen Wu, and Shu Li Zhang. "Study on Reduction Behavior of Vanadic Titanomagnetite Mixed Coal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1244.

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The both experiments of DSC-TG of vanadic titanomagnetite bearing coal and reduction of the VTMCM pellet in electric furnace were carried out in order to understand the reduction behavior of vanadic titanomagnetite. The results are found that the absorbing heat is very high and reduction products have not only simple phase but also complex solid solutions in the reduction process of vanadic titanomagnetite. It shows that the process is very complex, simple iron oxide and complex iron ones are reduced step-by-step in parallel, the reduction sequence of simple iron oxides and complex ones are Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO and Fe2TiO5, FeTiO3, Fe2TiO4, FeTi2O5, respectively and the required temperature in which iron oxides can well be reduced should be higher than 1300°C.

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Weibel, Rikke. "Alteration of detrital Fe-Ti oxides in Miocene fluvial deposits, central Jutland, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (December 15, 2003): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-14.

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Miocene fluvial sands from an outcrop at Voervadsbro in central Jutland were studied to assess the Fe-Ti oxides and their alteration products forming during a warm, humid climate and under the influence of scattered organic material. The opaque minerals and their alteration products were investigated by optical light microscope, reflection microscope, microprobe, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The detrital Fe-Ti oxides consist of, in decreasing order, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, magnetite, rutile, hematite and silicified leucoxene. Degradation of organic matter created mildly reducing and neutral-acid conditions under which the Fe-Ti oxides (ilmenite, titanomagnetite, magnetite and hematite) were unstable. Ilmenite has a three-step alteration process: ilmenite → pseudorutile → fine leucoxene → coarse leucoxene (single crystals of rutile or anatase). Alteration of titanomagnetite commonly resulted in coarse leucoxene in a trellis texture. Alteration of ilmenite lamellae in titanomagnetite is typically complete, probably because of their small size compared to ilmenite grains. Colloidal leucoxene is an alteration product of ilmenite and titanomagnetite. The formation of colloidal leucoxene seems to be related to organic matter or elements associated with it. Magnetite has been partly dissolved, preferentially around the rim and along fissures. Hematite is rarely a detrital grain due to intensive dissolution, and the exsolution lamellae of hematite are invariably more altered than the ilmenite host. Oxidising conditions prevailed locally e.g. in coarse-grained foresets without organic material and at the atmospheric interface of bogs. In this environment dissolved iron (originating from the alteration of Fe-Ti oxides) precipitated mainly as goethite.

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Maulana, Hedi Eka, Agung Nugraha, Ahmad Maksum, Haidir Juna, Bambang Priyono, and Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono. "The effect of time variation on the results of increasing titanomagnetite in iron sand at magnetization temperature (800°C) with Na2SO4 addition as additive." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703055.

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Indonesia has rich deposit of Iron Sand that can be found along of the Java southern part island. Iron sand contains some Ti-Rich minerals such as ilmenite, titanomagnetite dan rutile. This study aims to determine the effect of time variation on the results of Increasing titanomagnetite in iron sand and addition of 15% Na2SO4 as a catalyst. Variation of this reasearch was respectively 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes with reduction temperature at 800°C. It takes the stage of roasting to condition the ore to be more easily reduced and increase the metal content so that it can maximize the iron sand purity with addition of Na2CO3 additive with mass ratio 1:0.4. Based on the XRD and Semi-Quant equation using Software HighScore Plus, optimal time for reducing iron sand with coal at 800°C is 30 minutes, which produce content of titanomagnetite as much as 36%.

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Smirnov, K. I., S. P. Salikhov, and V. E. Roshchin. "Solid-Phase Reduction of Iron from Suroyam Titanomagnetite Ore during Metallization in Rotary Kiln." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.512.

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In this work the solid-phase reduction of iron from the Suroyam titanomagnetite ore was studied during metallization in a rotary kiln. The technique of preparation of the ore and reducing agent for metallization and the process of continuous processing of materials in a rotary kiln were described in detail. For metallization the temperature was chosen 1150°C, due to low melting point of apatite from one of the components. The results of the electron microscope analysis of the initial ore and samples subjected to metallization for 1-hour reduction time were presented. The reduction of iron occurred despite absence of pores and contact with a reducing agent in the grains of titanomagnetite. Iron in the grains of titanomagnetite surrounded by apatite was reduced to wustite; whereas, iron surrounded by clinopyroxene was reduced to metallic iron. This indicated the effect of composition of the gangue materials on the reduction process.

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Zhou, Lan Hua, Jun Wang, Shu Yun Gou, Lv Ying Chen, and Ze Rong Li. "Development of Utilization of Vanadic Titanomagnetite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.949.

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Fe, V and Ti of vanadic titanomagnetite in Panxi region in China have been extracted in traditional BF process so far, but the comprehensive utilization level of the ore is lower. To solve the problem, the research on direct reduction of the ore have been carried out continuely. Because of the restriction of equipment, technology and other factors, there is not a new technology can achieve mass industrial production. It is found by analysis that the BF process hold a leading position and direct reduction process can only be a supplement of utilization of vanadic titanomagnetite at presnt and days to come.

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Yur’ev, B. P., and V. A. Gol’tsev. "Thermophysical properties of Kachkanar titanomagnetite pellets." Steel in Translation 46, no. 5 (May 2016): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091216050168.

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Sachkov, Victor, Roman Nefedov, Vladislav Orlov, Rodion Medvedev, and Anna Sachkova. "Hydrometallurgical Processing Technology of Titanomagnetite Ores." Minerals 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8010002.

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22

TANAKA, Hidefumi, and Masaru KONO. "Moessbauer spectra of titanomagnetite: A reappraisal." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 39, no. 8 (1987): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.39.463.

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23

Longbottom, Raymond James, Oleg Ostrovski, and Eungyeul Park. "Formation of Cementite from Titanomagnetite Ore." ISIJ International 46, no. 5 (2006): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.46.641.

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Kawai, Y., V. Brabers, and Z. Šimša. "Ultrasonic attenuation in titanomagnetite single crystals." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 104-107 (February 1992): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(92)90854-h.

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Sun, Yu, Hai Yan Zheng, Jian Hong Dong, and Feng Man Shen. "Fundamental Study on Extracting Vanadium from Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1170.

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A new, high efficient comprehensive utilization technology with non-pollution, low energy consumption, and strong feedstock adaptability is investigated with the view to developing an efficient smelting process of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by non-BF route. It includes three major steps in this process: selective chlorination of the concentrates for extraction vanadium using industrial chloride wastes, direct reduction for producing DRI at medium temperature, and separation of hot metal from slag at elevated temperature. In this paper, it focuses on the extraction of vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination. The mechanisms of selective chlorination for extracting vanadium is discussed from the view of thermodynamics analyses and it is found that the reasonable temperature is over the temperature range of 900K~1300K if chlorine potential (logpCl2) and oxygen potential (logpO2) are controlled at a certain region (hatched region A). Furthermore, some preliminary experimental are conducted and the results show that it is possible to extract vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination and extraction ratio can reach up to 30% under 1100K after 2 hours calcination.

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Fabian, Karl, and Valera P. Shcherbakov. "The magnetization of the ocean floor: stress and fracturing of titanomagnetite particles by low-temperature oxidation." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 2104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa142.

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SUMMARY The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of the ocean floor is carried by titanomagnetite grains that undergo low-temperature oxidation after initial cooling. Progressing oxidation is known to generate shrinkage cracks in grains larger than approximately 5 μm, and is suspected to control the long wavelength variation of NRM-intensity across the ocean floor. Here we develop a quantitative theory of single-phase oxidation and crack formation by solving the vacancy-diffusion equation that describes the oxidation process for spherical titanomagnetite particles, where the diffusion coefficient strongly decreases with vacancy concentration. The latter dependence has been experimentally demonstrated and is essential to explain the peculiarities of the observed variations of oxidation-degree with ocean-floor age. The calculated diffusion profiles provide the exact stress distributions inside oxidized titanomagnetite spheres, and predict a size limit for shrinkage-crack formation that agrees with microscopic observations of crack appearance in ocean-floor basalt samples. The new diffusion model provides a unified explanation of long-known experimental facts that (1) temperatures for the onset of low-temperature oxidation during laboratory heating are theoretically estimated as 200–400 ○C, depending on grain size and (2) that heating to 400–500 ○C is required to obtain a sufficiently high degree of oxidation z ≈ 0.8 for the development of high-temperature exsolution lamellae. Calculations for ocean-floor conditions quantitatively suggest that a rapid decrease of NRM intensity during the first 40 ka results from a deflection of magnetization by strong stresses that emerge in titanomagnetite grains of subcritical sizes, and randomization of domain-state by crack formation in larger grains.

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27

Poltavets, Yu A., Z. I. Poltavets, and G. S. Nechkin. "Volkovsky deposit of titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores with accompanying noble-metal mineralization, the Central Urals, Russia." Geology of Ore Deposits 53, no. 2 (April 2011): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075701511020061.

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Gao, Xudong, Run Zhang, Zhixiong You, Wenzhou Yu, Jie Dang, and Chenguang Bai. "Use of Hydrogen−Rich Gas in Blast Furnace Ironmaking of V−bearing Titanomagnetite: Mass and Energy Balance Calculations." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176078.

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The iron and steel industry is a major CO2 emitter and an important subject for the implementation of carbon emission reduction goals and tasks. Due to the complex ore composition and low iron grade, vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite smelting in a blast furnace consumes more coke and emits more carbon than in an ordinary blast furnace. Injecting hydrogen−rich gas into blast furnace can not only partially replace coke, but also reduce the carbon emission. Based on the whole furnace and zonal energy and mass balance of blast furnace, the operation window of the blast furnace smelting vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite is established in this study on the premise that the thermal state of the blast furnace is basically unchanged (raceway adiabatic flame temperature and top gas temperature). The effects of different injection amounts of hydrogen−rich gases (shale gas, coke oven gas, and hydrogen) on raceway adiabatic flame temperature and top gas temperature, and the influence of blast temperature and preheating temperature of hydrogen−rich gases on operation window are calculated and analyzed. This study provides a certain theoretical reference for the follow−up practice of hydrogen−rich smelting of vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite in blast furnace.

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Hassan, Kamaleldin M., and Julius Dekan. "Mössbauer study of Fe phases in terrestrial olivine basalts from southern Egypt." Mineralogia 44, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2013-0001.

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AbstractOlivine basalts from southern Egypt were studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 297 and 77 K, and by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra show three-magnetic sextets, three doublets of ferrous (Fe2+), and a weak ferric (Fe3+) doublet that is attributable to a nanophase oxide (npOx). The magnetic sextets relate to titanomagnetite and the Fe2+ doublets to olivine, pyroxene, and ulvöspinel. Variations in the hyperfine parameters of the various Fe components are attributed to changes in the local crystal chemistry. The intensity of oxidation (Fe3+/ΣFe) in the rocks varies from 20-27% with the oxidized iron largely residing in the titanomagnetite.

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30

Jensen, Aage. "Development of the Fe-Ti-oxides in the Koster dyke swarm during amphibolite facies metamorphism." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 38 (April 25, 1990): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1990-38-11.

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The 1421 Ma old Koster dyke swarrn is part of the late Proterozoic Kattsund-Koster dyke swann running from Bohus Lan in Sweden into Oslofjord in Norway. On the basis of the degree of amphibolite facies deformation and recrystallisation, Hageskov (1984) has divided the dyke swann into three sectors, where sector I is the southemmost part of the dyke swann consisting of undefonned tholeiitic dolerites, sector III dykes are transformed to amphibolites, and sector II is transitional. From a number of miroscopically investigated dykes 5 dykes from sector I, 5 dykes from sector II and 4 dykes from sector III have been selected for electron microprobe analyses of the Fe-Ti-oxides. No significant differences could be found between the titanomagnetite groundmass in sector I and sector II, but in sector III the titanomagnetite groundmass is completely altered to turbid titanite. Some of the dykes in sector II have an ilmenite composition similar to the sector I dykes, but other dykes from sector II have clearly lost Fe203 and are correspondingly richer in Ti; in sector III the ilmenite no longer contains Fe203• Based on the composition of coexisting ilmenite and titanomagnetite, temperature and f02 have been deterrnined for sector I and sector II dykes, but they cannot be deterrnined for sector III dykes as no titanomagnetite is left here. The dykes of sector I give temperatures between 1100° and 1280°, and f02 between 10-10 and 10-•. The least altered dykes of sector II give similar values of temperature and f02 as sector I dykes, whereas the more altered dykes of sector II show considerably lower values of temperature and f02• These values, however, are not meaningful as they neither indicate temperature and f02 of interoxide reequilibration nor temperature and f02 of metamorphism; they are the result of ilmenite loosing Fe203 during metamorphism.

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31

Mammadov, Musa Nasib ogly, and Gultekin Javad gizi Babayeva. "Petrogenetic peculiarities of Fe-Ti oxide minerals in the processes of crystallization and evolution of late Cretaceous volcanic complexes of the Lesser Caucasus." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112164.

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Drawing from the determined differences between iron-titanium oxide minerals, we analyzed the conditions of crystallization and evolution of late-Cretaceous magmatic complexes of the Lesser Caucasus. It was found that the rocks of basalt-andesibasalt complex, which correspond to the early substage (upper Coniacian-lower Santonian) of late-Cretaceous volcanism in the Qazakh, Agjakand, Agdara depressions, have crystallized in the conditions of relatively highly- thermobaric crystallization of titanomagnetite, poorly differentiated and evolutionized according to the Fenner trend. In the second substage of volcanism, due to decrease in permeability of the Earth’s crust, the elevation of the remaining magma to the upper horizons was hindered. Therefore, within the Qazakh depression, shallow intermediate sites of crystallization developed where moderately titaniferous magnetite crystallized with the participation of oxidized fluids earlier than hornblende, pyroxene and plagioclase. Thus, the remaining magma evolutionized its composition through Bowen’s reaction series. In the Agjakand and Agdara depressions, change of previous expansion to compaction was the cause of hindering of partly fractioned portion of the magma. The latter thermally interacted with the above-embedded maghemite, hematite and in a number of cases magnetite. In the Khojavand depression, rocks of trachibasalt- trachiodolerite complex, which characterize the late substage of the Santonian volcanism, contain moderately titanium magnetites and maghemites. In the second substage of volcano-plutonism, rocks of tephrite-teshenite complex developed. There, accompanied by oxidized fluids, highly-clayey titanomagnetite crystallized before chrome-diopside and salite. However, the ulvospinel titanomagnetite in teshenites, having associated with barkevikite and kaersutite, crystallized at a relatively higher temperature. Within the Senonian volcanites of the Azykh depression, along with the moderately-titanium magnetite, chromic titanomagnetite and rarely chromite was determined. Similar mineralogical diversities are also characteristic for the Gochas depression.

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32

Zhai, Dajun, Yue Shui, Keqin Feng, and Yanyan Zhang. "Effects of rare-earth oxides on the microstructure and properties of Fe-based friction materials synthesized by in situ carbothermic reaction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates." RSC Advances 9, no. 36 (2019): 20687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03271a.

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33

Shui, Yue, Keqin Feng, Yanyan Zhang, and Zidi Yan. "Influence of Mn on the iron-based friction material directly prepared by in situ carbothermic reaction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates." RSC Advances 8, no. 64 (2018): 36503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05307c.

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34

Krasikov, S. A., L. A. Maiorov, A. A. Ponomarenko, S. V. Zhidovinova, and A. A. Savvinova. "Separation of elements in processing titanomagnetite concentrates." Steel in Translation 41, no. 9 (September 2011): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091211090105.

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35

Kawai, Yoriyoshi. "Ultrasonic Attenuation in Single Crystals of Titanomagnetite." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, S1 (January 1, 1991): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.30s1.37.

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36

Kushnarev, A. V., K. V. Mironov, S. A. Zagainov, and A. A. Forshev. "Improvement in vanadium-containing titanomagnetite processing technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 966 (November 14, 2020): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/966/1/012062.

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37

Cruz-Sánchez, E., J. F. Álvarez-Castro, J. A. Ramı́rez-Picado, and J. A. Matutes-Aquino. "Study of titanomagnetite sands from Costa Rica." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 369, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.064.

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38

Hu, Tu, Xue-wei Lü, Chen-guang Bai, and Gui-bao Qiu. "Isothermal reduction of titanomagnetite concentrates containing coal." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 21, no. 2 (January 26, 2014): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-0875-z.

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39

Gapeev, A. K., and S. K. Gribov. "Kinetics of single-phase oxidation of titanomagnetite." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 63, no. 1-2 (October 1990): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90059-7.

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40

Chang, B. Teung, Mohamed Jakani, Guy Campet, and Jean Claverie. "Photoelectrochemical study of a spinel-type titanomagnetite." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 72, no. 2 (February 1988): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(88)90023-0.

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41

Sun, Haoyan, Jingsong Wang, Yihua Han, Xuefeng She, and Qingguo Xue. "Reduction mechanism of titanomagnetite concentrate by hydrogen." International Journal of Mineral Processing 125 (December 2013): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.08.006.

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42

Yu, Zhengwei, Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang, Yuanbo Zhang, Feng Zhou, and Zhiwei Peng. "Effect of Basicity on Titanomagnetite Concentrate Sintering." ISIJ International 55, no. 4 (2015): 907–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.55.907.

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43

Melzer, K., Z. Šimša, M. Łukasiak, and J. Suwalski. "Mössbauer spectra and electronic properties of titanomagnetite." Crystal Research and Technology 22, no. 8 (August 1987): K132—K136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170220821.

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44

Liu, Shui-Shi, Yu-Feng Guo, Guan-Zhou Qiu, and Tao Jiang. "Mechanism of vanadic titanomagnetite solid-state reduction." Rare Metals 39, no. 11 (May 31, 2014): 1348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-014-0294-3.

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45

Smirnov, L. A., M. A. Tret'yakov, and V. I. Gladyshev. "Processing vanadium-bearing and titanomagnetite iron ores." Metallurgist 44, no. 5 (May 2000): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02466943.

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46

Xing, Zhen-xing, Jin-Sheng Liu, Zhuang Huang, Gong-Jin Cheng, He Yang, and Xiang-Xin Xue. "Research on the Enhanced Preparation Process for Pellets with Sea Sand Vanadium Titanomagnetite Smelting in the Blast Furnace." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2300, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2300/1/012010.

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Abstract The sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite has coarse particles, small specific surface area, and great difficulty in agglomeration process. It is difficult for ironmaking enterprises to use it as an ironmaking raw material in large quantities. In this paper, the different methods were adopted to optimize the pellet performance indexes of sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite in order to increase the usage of SSO. The effects of adding ordinary iron ore powder, vanadia-titania fine powder and ball milling pretreatment of SSO on the preparation process of pellet were studied, and the performance indexes of pellet were analyzed. The results showed that the proportion of unground SSO in pellets was up to 40%. The experimental results provided some reference methods to improve the dosage of SSO.

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47

Sharifova, U. N., A. M. Qasimova, and A. N. Mammadov. "NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS OF OXIDATIVE RECOVERY REACTIONS VANADIUM CONTAINING TITANOMAGNETITE CONCENTRATES." Chemical Problems 17, no. 4 (2019): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2019-4-551-557.

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48

Oparin, Nikolay, and Oleg Oleynikov. "Groundmass Chromospinellides from Kimberlites of Khompu-May Kimberlite Field." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012108.

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Abstract The current paper presents the results of studying chromites of kimberlite mesostasis forming the Manchary, Aprelskaya, Erel, Turakhskaya, and Artemova pipes within the Khompu-May kimberlite field (central Yakutia). Despite shared texture and structural characteristics and mineral composition of the kimberlites, chromospinellide composition is distinctive in each pipe. Groundmass chromium spinel of the Aprelskaya and Erel kimberlite pipes is characterized by the highest aluminum oxide content (>10 wt. %). Chromites from the Erel and Turakhskaya pipes as well as a fraction of grains from the Manchary pipe with titanium oxide (<4 wt. %) form a field of common composition by Cr2O3 and TiO2 content. The Aprelskaya and Artemova pipes show up to 17 wt. % TiO2 in chromites. Such a difference in titanium content correlates with perovskite content in kimberlite groundmass of the Khompu-May field. The results of the study revealed two trends in evolution of chromospinellide microcrystals (R. Mitchell, 1986) – ulvöspinel associated with typical kimberlites and titanomagnetite characteristic of micaceous kimberlites. Chromospinellides of the Aprelskaya pipe demonstrate the ulvöspinel trend only, suggesting earlier spinel crystallization relative to groundmass mica. Spinellides from the Erel and Artemova pipes follow the titanomagnetite trend only, being crystallized after formation of mesostasis mica. Spinellides from the Manchary and Turakhskaya pipes meet the ulvöspinel and titanomagnetite trend, indicating two stages of mineral crystallization relative to phlogopite.

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49

Okube, Maki, Taro Oshiumi, Toshiro Nagase, Ritsuro Miyawaki, Akira Yoshiasa, Satoshi Sasaki, and Kazumasa Sugiyama. "Site occupancy of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+ in titanomagnetite determined by valence-difference contrast in synchrotron X-ray resonant scattering." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 6 (October 23, 2018): 1694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518013954.

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A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of a single crystal of titanomagnetite shows that the cation distribution of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+ is of the inverse-spinel type. The valence-difference contrast (VDC) method of resonant scattering was applied at a wavelength of λ = 1.7441 Å (E = 7.1085 keV) within the pre-edge of the Fe K absorption spectrum, utilizing the large difference in the real part of anomalous scattering factors, between −7.45 and −6.50, for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. The most plausible atomic arrangement in Ti0.31Fe2.69O4 obtained from our analysis is [Fe3+ 1.00] A [Fe3+ 0.38Fe2+ 1.31Ti4+ 0.31] B O4, where A and B in an AB 2O4-type structure correspond to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. This result suggests that titanomagnetite has the complete inverse-spinel structure continuously from the end-member of magnetite, even in the case of relatively high Ti content. The physical properties may be described by the Néel model, which claims that Fe3+ preferentially occupies the tetrahedral site, within a Ti-poor half-region of the solid solution. Based on the ordering scheme the magnetic structure of titanomagnetite is considered to be analogous to that of magnetite. The combination of circularly polarized X-rays and a horizontal-type four-circle diffractometer used in this VDC technique has the advantage of increasing the experimental accuracy and freedom with the simultaneous reduction of experimental noise.

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Kuleshevich, L. V. "Noble-metal associations related to Paleoproterozoic basic-hyperbasic magmatism in the Lapland-Onega province of Karelia." Vestnik of Geosciences 9 (2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.9.3.

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Topomineralogical studies are part of mineralogenic research conducted in the Paleoproterozoic Lapland-Onega rift-related structure in Karelia. These studies are important because of the location of promising areas and the study of deposits associated with basic-hyperbasic magmatism in Paleoproterozoic rift-related structures (chromite, titanomagnetite and nickel ores with PGE and gold). The aim of mineralogenic studies is to better understand major ore and noble-metal mineral associations by microprobe and ICP-MS-analyses. It was found that chromite ores are accompanied by high-temperature associations of platinoids — arsenides, sulfo-arsenides Pt, Rh, Ir and bismutotellurides Pt (with Pd), and sulfide Cu-Ni ores — mainly Pt-Pd bismutotellurides and tellurides. Titanomagnetite ores with low-sulfide copper mineralization contain stibio-sulfoarsenides, antimonides, stannides, and more rarely sulfides of Pd, Pd-Pt, and silver-containing gold.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanomagnetite'

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