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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium Vanadium Nitride'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Glaser, A., S. Surnev, F. P. Netzer, N. Fateh, G. A. Fontalvo, and C. Mitterer. "Oxidation of vanadium nitride and titanium nitride coatings." Surface Science 601, no. 4 (February 2007): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.12.010.

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2

Yeung, Wing Yiu, Richard Wuhrer, and Darren Attard. "Structural Refinement in High Temperature Annealing of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Vanadium Nitride Coatings." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.299.

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Development of advanced ternary nitride coatings such as titanium aluminium nitride and titanium vanadium nitride has attracted significant industrial interest in recent years. Titanium vanadium nitride is considered one of the advanced ternary nitride coatings of great commercial potential. It is believed with the additional element, the oxidation resistance of the coatings can be greatly improved at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the type of elements selected can produce unique coating properties that can be beneficial to machining of different materials. This paper is to report a study on the structural stability of nanostructured titanium vanadium nitride coatings in high temperature annealing. Nanostructured titanium vanadium nitride coatings were produced by reactive magnetron co-sputtering on AISI H13 tool steel substrates at 240oC. Heat treatment was applied to the coatings at temperatures up to 1000oC. It was found that an unexpected grain refinement of the coatings occurred in the heat treatment process. Grain size of the coatings was found to decrease from ~200-300 nm to ~150 nm after the heat treatments. A strong TiN/TiVN (200) component was found to exist at temperatures up to 700oC but was depleted at higher annealing temperatures. With a finer and densified grain structure, the hardness of the coatings substantially increased from ~800 HV to ~1700 HV.

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3

Wei, Binbin, Fangwang Ming, Hanfeng Liang, Zhengbing Qi, Wenshen Hu, and Zhoucheng Wang. "All nitride asymmetric supercapacitors of niobium titanium nitride-vanadium nitride." Journal of Power Sources 481 (January 2021): 228842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228842.

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4

Achour, A., R. Lucio-Porto, M. Chaker, A. Arman, A. Ahmadpourian, M. A. Soussou, M. Boujtita, L. Le Brizoual, M. A. Djouadi, and T. Brousse. "Titanium vanadium nitride electrode for micro-supercapacitors." Electrochemistry Communications 77 (April 2017): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2017.02.011.

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5

Sun, Weiwei, Yu Xie, and Paul R. C. Kent. "Double transition metal MXenes with wide band gaps and novel magnetic properties." Nanoscale 10, no. 25 (2018): 11962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00513c.

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6

Latella, B. A., B. K. Gan, K. E. Davies, D. R. McKenzie, and D. G. McCulloch. "Titanium nitride/vanadium nitride alloy coatings: mechanical properties and adhesion characteristics." Surface and Coatings Technology 200, no. 11 (March 2006): 3605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.09.008.

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7

Sowa, Mark J., Ling Ju, Alexander C. Kozen, Nicholas C. Strandwitz, Guosong Zeng, Tomas F. Babuska, Zakaria Hsain, and Brandon A. Krick. "Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of titanium vanadium nitride." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 36, no. 6 (November 2018): 06A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.5037463.

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8

Cui, Guanglei, Lin Gu, Arne Thomas, Lijun Fu, Peter A. van Aken, Markus Antonietti, and Joachim Maier. "A Carbon/Titanium Vanadium Nitride Composite for Lithium Storage." ChemPhysChem 11, no. 15 (September 30, 2010): 3219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000537.

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9

Maznichevsky, Alexander N., Yuri N. Goikhenberg, and Radii V. Sprikut. "Influence of Nitrogen and Nitride-Forming Elements on Properties of Boron-Treated Steel." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.621.

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Microalloying has received increased attention in recent years. The aims of the study were to identify and to examine the influence of nitrogen concentration in steel and small additions of nitride-forming elements on the hardenability of a boron-treated manganese-vanadium steel 40GF-VI. The study has shown that the increase in nitrogen concentration from 0.004% to 0.015% increases the hardenability of steel. It was found that a small amount of titanium (about 0.02%) in steel with low concentration of nitrogen (0.004%) is sufficient to bind it to nitrides, which makes it possible to save the most of boron in an active state (in a solid solution). A residual amount of titanium and aluminum in the range of 0.015-0.020% of each in steel with nitrogen concentration in the range of 0.010-0.015%, which is typical of an electric arc melting steel, is insufficient to bind all nitrogen. As a result, a part of nitrogen is spent on the formation of boron nitrides, which reduces the effect of boron on the hardenability of manganese-vanadium steel microalloyed with boron. Some methods of protecting boron in steel are briefly described. The study has established that grain refinement is observed with increasing nitrogen content in steel. Introduction of boron, in absence of titanium, does not change the size of the austenite grain in the entire range of the investigated temperatures. The optimum combination of strength, plastic and ductility characteristics in steel microalloyed with boron and additives of aluminum and titanium was obtained.

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10

Saidakhmedov, R. Kh, M. G. Karpman, and G. P. Fetisov. "Multicomponent ion-plasma nitride coatings based on titanium, vanadium, and chromium." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 35, no. 9 (September 1993): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00774915.

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11

Zhou, Xinhong, Chaoqun Shang, Lin Gu, Shanmu Dong, Xiao Chen, Pengxian Han, Lanfeng Li, et al. "Mesoporous Coaxial Titanium Nitride-Vanadium Nitride Fibers of Core–shell Structures for High-Performance Supercapacitors." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3, no. 8 (July 18, 2011): 3058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am200564b.

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12

Daodon, Witthaya, Varunee Premanond, Witthawat Wongpisarn, and Panadda Niranatlumpong. "Vanadium nitride and titanium nitride coatings for anti-galling behavior in ironing of aluminum alloy cups." Wear 342-343 (November 2015): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.09.004.

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13

Anusha Thampi, V. V., U. Nithiyanantham, A. K. Nanda Kumar, Phil Martin, Avi Bendavid, and B. Subramanian. "Fabrication of sputtered titanium vanadium nitride (TiVN) thin films for micro-supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, no. 14 (June 6, 2018): 12457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9364-x.

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14

Yu, Wen, Xiaojin Wen, Wei Liu, and Jiangan Chen. "Carbothermic Reduction and Nitridation Mechanism of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate." Minerals 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070730.

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In this study, the carbothermic reduction and nitridation mechanism of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate are investigated in terms of phase transformation, microstructure transformation, and thermodynamic analyses. The differences in the reaction behavior of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate, as well as the distribution characteristic of V in the roasted products, are emphatically studied. It is observed that the reaction sequences of titanomagnetite and ilmenite transformations into nitride are as follows: Fe3−xTixO4→Fe2TiO4→FeTiO3→M3O5→(Ti, V)(N, C); FeTiO3→M3O5→Ti(N, C). The reduction of M3O5 to TiN is the rate-limiting step of the entire reaction, and metal iron is an important medium for transferring C for the reduction of M3O5. Titanomagnetite is faster to convert into nitride than ilmenite is, and the reasons for this are discussed in detail. During the entire roasting process, V mainly coexists with Ti and seems to facilitate the conversion of titanium oxides into (Ti, V)(N, C).

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15

Colera, I., E. Roman, J. A. García, R. Rodríguez, C. Ballesteros, and J. L. de Segovia. "Structure of improved tribological properties of V–5at.%Ti alloys by nitrogen implantation at low energy." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 5 (May 2007): 1360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0186.

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The aim of the present work was to study the morphological, structural, and chemical analysis as a function of depth in vanadium alloys with a 5 at.% of titanium implanted at 673 K with 1.2 keV N+ ions, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), glow discharge (GD) analysis, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. These results are correlated with those of previously published nanoindentation tests, and the species and chemical states responsible for the increase in hardness are identified. The maximum increase in hardness corresponds to the highest N concentration, measured by both photoemission spectroscopy and GD. In addition, the thickness of the layer (≈1000 nm), where structural modifications are observed using TEM, can also be directly correlated with the thickness of the implanted layer, where an incremental increase in hardness has previously been measured. These findings support the conclusion that the formation of vanadium and titanium nitride/oxynitrides (–N–O,–O–N–H) compounds are responsible for the increased hardness of these V–5at.% Ti samples implanted with N at low ion energy and high sample temperature.

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16

Lohberger, Birgit, Nicole Eck, Dietmar Glaenzer, Heike Kaltenegger, and Andreas Leithner. "Surface Modifications of Titanium Aluminium Vanadium Improve Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061574.

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Osteogenic cells are strongly influenced in their behaviour by the surface properties of orthopaedic implant materials. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) migrate to the bone–implant interface, adhere to the material surface, proliferate and subsequently differentiate into osteoblasts, which are responsible for the formation of the bone matrix. Five surface topographies on titanium aluminium vanadium (TiAl6V4) were engineered to investigate biocompatibility and adhesion potential of human osteoblasts and the changes in osteogenic differentiation of MSPCs. Elemental analysis of TiAl6V4 discs coated with titanium nitride (TiN), silver (Ag), roughened surface, and pure titanium (cpTi) surface was analysed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cell viability, cytotoxicity, adhesion behaviour, and osteogenic differentiation potential were measured via CellTiter-Glo, CytoTox, ELISA, Luminex® technology, and RT-PCR respectively. The Ag coating reduced the growth of osteoblasts, whereas the viability of MSPCs increased significantly. The roughened and the cpTi surface improved the viability of all cell types. The additive coatings of the TiAl6V4 alloy improved the adhesion of osteoblasts and MSPCs. With regard to the osteogenic differentiation potential, an enhanced effect has been demonstrated, especially in the case of roughened and cpTi coatings.

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17

Hyett, Geoffrey, Mark A. Green, and Ivan P. Parkin. "An Investigation of Titanium-Vanadium Nitride Phase Space, Conducted Using Combinatorial Atmospheric Pressure CVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 14, no. 9-10 (September 2008): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200806705.

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18

Davies, K. E., B. K. Gan, D. R. McKenzie, M. M. M. Bilek, M. B. Taylor, D. G. McCulloch, and B. A. Latella. "Correlation between stress and hardness in pulsed cathodic arc deposited titanium/vanadium nitride alloys." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 45 (October 30, 2004): 7947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/45/017.

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19

Zhang, Bo, Zhanchang Pan, Ke Yu, Guangwen Feng, Jun Xiao, Shoukun Wu, Jinghong Li, et al. "Titanium vanadium nitride supported Pt nanoparticles as high-performance catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 21, no. 10 (May 15, 2017): 3065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3621-4.

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20

Behrens, Bernd Arno, Timur Yilkiran, G. Braeuer, H. Paschke, and M. Weber. "Potential of Duplex Plasma Deposition Processes for the Improvement of Wear Resistance of Hot Forging Dies." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.345.

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The efficiency offorging processes is significantly influenced by the tool and scrap costs whichin their turn depend on the life time of forging dies. The tools used for hotforging are subject to process-related high mechanical, tribological, chemicaland thermal-cyclic loads which usually interact with each other. In comparisonto other manufacturing methods, the resulting load spectrum leads to extensivewear and thus to the failure of forging dies after a short tool life. Toincrease the wear resistance of forging dies, duplex treatments consisting ofplasma nitriding and plasma deposition techniques were used to improve thesurface properties and hence to increase the die life time. By basicinvestigation of the wear mechanisms the potentials of newly developed vanadiumdoped chromium nitride and boron containing titanium nitride coating systemswere investigated. Within the presented work it is demonstrated that vanadium-dopedchromium nitride layers have a high wear reduction potential for hot forgingdies.

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21

Didziulis, Stephen V., Kristine D. Butcher, and Scott S. Perry. "Small Cluster Models of the Surface Electronic Structure and Bonding Properties of Titanium Carbide, Vanadium Carbide, and Titanium Nitride." Inorganic Chemistry 42, no. 24 (December 2003): 7766–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic030140k.

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22

Lee, Seunghwan, Oussama El-bjeirami, Scott S. Perry, Stephen V. Didziulis, Peter Frantz, and Gouri Radhakrishnan. "Frictional properties of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, and vanadium carbide: Measurement of a compositional dependence with atomic force microscopy." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 18, no. 1 (2000): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.591153.

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23

Real, C., M. A. Roldán, M. D. Alcalá, and A. Ortega. "Síntesis y caracterización del nitruro ternario de titanio y vanadio (Ti_xV_1-xN)." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 50, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.052011.

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24

Zhang, Yi, Guang Xu, Ming Xing Zhou, Hai Lin Yang, and Min Wang. "The Effect of Reheating Temperature on Precipitation of a High Strength Microalloyed Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 508 (January 2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.508.8.

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High-strength steels are usually microalloyed with niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V), individually or in combination. The reheating temperature during austenization has a significant influence on the precipitation of microalloyed steels. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of reheating temperature on precipitates of microalloying elements. The research results show that reheating temperature should be high enough to ensure the dissolution of carbide and nitride precipitates in order to improve the precipitation strengthening of microalloying elements during rolling and cooling. The results provide the theoretical reference for the determination of reheating technology of microalloyed steels.

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25

Tanklevskaya, N. M., and A. N. Maznichevsky. "Thermodynamics of Crystallizing Low-Alloy Boron Steel Melt Components Interaction." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.178.

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Thermodynamic analysis of the phase equilibria in the Fe–Mn–Cr–Si–Al–Ti– Ni–V–Mo–B–S–P–C–N–O system at fixed concentrations of boron, manganese, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen was performed. Formation of nonmetallic phases upon cooling and crystallization of liquid metal solutions of various compositions was studied. It was established how aluminum and nitrogen content in the liquid metal solution affects the composition and amount of separated excess phases. Calculations demonstrated that boron nitride was not formed in the liquid metal and during crystallization.

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26

SUZUKI, Yasuo, and Masashi HIRAO. "Cutting of aluminum alloys by sintered HSS tools added by vanadium carbide and titanium nitride." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 38, no. 11 (1988): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.38.697.

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27

Feng, Guangwen, Jun Xiao, Zhanchang Pan, Wuyi Li, Shoukun Wu, Jinghong Li, Chun Chen, Yingsheng Lin, Guanghui Hu, and Yanbin Xu. "Non-carbon 1D mesoporous titanium vanadium nitride as supports of Pt nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation." Electrochimica Acta 259 (January 2018): 1162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.094.

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28

Wei, L., T. S. Zhao, L. Zeng, Y. K. Zeng, and H. R. Jiang. "Highly catalytic and stabilized titanium nitride nanowire array-decorated graphite felt electrodes for all vanadium redox flow batteries." Journal of Power Sources 341 (February 2017): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.016.

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29

Popović, M., M. Novaković, A. Traverse, K. Zhang, N. Bibić, H. Hofsäss, and K. P. Lieb. "Modifications of reactively sputtered titanium nitride films by argon and vanadium ion implantation: Microstructural and opto-electric properties." Thin Solid Films 531 (March 2013): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.01.045.

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30

Yang, Chunmei, Haining Wang, Shanfu Lu, Chunxiao Wu, Yiyang Liu, Qinglong Tan, Dawei Liang, and Yan Xiang. "Titanium nitride as an electrocatalyst for V(II)/V(III) redox couples in all-vanadium redox flow batteries." Electrochimica Acta 182 (November 2015): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.155.

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31

Zhang, Xiaoying, Yilei Hao, Chaoqun Shang, Xiao Chen, Weihua Li, Songqing Hu, and Guanglei Cui. "Coaxial titanium vanadium nitride core–sheath nanofiberswith enhanced electrocatalytic activity for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells." Electrochimica Acta 271 (May 2018): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.159.

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32

Paulitsch-Fuchs, Astrid H., Lukas Wolrab, Nicole Eck, Nigel P. Dyer, Benjamin Bödendorfer, and Birgit Lohberger. "TiAl6V4 Alloy Surface Modifications and Their Impact on Biofilm Development of S. aureus and S. epidermidis." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb12020036.

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One of the most serious complications following joint replacement surgeries are periprosthetic infections (PIs) arising from the adhesion of bacteria to the artificial joint. Various types of titanium–aluminum–vanadium (TiAl6V4) alloy surface modifications (coatings with silver (Ag), titanium nitride (TiN), pure titanium (cpTi), combinations of cpTi and hydroxyapatite (HA), combinations of cpTi and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and a rough-blasted surface of TiAl6V4) have been investigated to assess their effects on biofilm development. Biofilms were grown, collected, and analyzed after 48 h to measure their protein and glucose content and the cell viability. Biofilm-associated genes were also monitored after 48 h of development. There was a distinct difference in the development of staphylococcal biofilms on the surfaces of the different types of alloy. According to the findings of this study, the base alloy TiAl6V4 and the TiN-coated surface are the most promising materials for biofilm reduction. Rough surfaces are most favorable when it comes to bacterial infections because they allow an easy attachment of pathogenic organisms. Of all rough surfaces tested, rough-blasted TiAl6V4 was the most favorable as an implantation material; all the other rough surfaces showed more distinct signs of inducing the development of biofilms which displayed higher protein and polysaccharide contents. These results are supported by RT-qPCR measurements of biofilm associated genes for Staphylococcus aureus (icaA, icaC, fnbA, fnbB, clfB, atl) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (atle, aap).

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33

Guo, Jiabin, Qichong Zhang, Qiulong Li, Juan Sun, Chaowei Li, Bing He, Zhenyu Zhou, Liyan Xie, Mingxing Li, and Yagang Yao. "Rational Design of Hierarchical Titanium Nitride@Vanadium Pentoxide Core–Shell Heterostructure Fibrous Electrodes for High-Performance 1.6 V Nonpolarity Wearable Supercapacitors." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 35 (August 14, 2018): 29705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11997.

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34

Zakorzhevskii, V. V., I. D. Kovalev, and A. Ya Dubrovskii. "Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of the nitrogen-contain material based on the aluminum and vanadium nitride to prepare the titanium preliminary alloy's." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 8 (December 27, 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-8-49-52.

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The investigating results are shown on the V‒Al alloy nitriding while burning in the large-scale reactor. The nitriding optimal condition were defned. The phaseforming behavior was investigated while the V‒All alloy nitriding under the burning condition. The processing method was developed for the self-propagating hightemperature nitriding. The test batch of the nitrided V‒ Al‒N alloy was manufactured.Ill.5. Ref. 5.

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35

Mattar, Saba M. "Electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, and state ordering of the isoelectronic diatomic molecules scandium oxide (ScO), titanium nitride (TiN), and vanadium carbide (VC)." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 13 (April 1993): 3171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100115a019.

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36

Chang, Yin-Yu, and Cheng-Hsi Chung. "Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Multicomponent CrVTiNbZr(N) Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010041.

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Multi-element material coating systems have received much attention for improving the mechanical performance in industry. However, they are still focused on ternary systems and seldom beyond quaternary ones. High entropy alloy (HEA) bulk material and thin films are systems that are each comprised of at least five principal metal elements in equally matched proportions, and some of them are found possessing much higher strength than traditional alloys. In this study, CrVTiNbZr high entropy alloy and nitrogen contained CrVTiNbZr(N) nitride coatings were synthesized using high ionization cathodic-arc deposition. A chromium-vanadium alloy target, a titanium-niobium alloy target and a pure zirconium target were used for the deposition. By controlling the nitrogen content and cathode current, the CrNbTiVZr(N) coating with gradient or multilayered composition control possessed different microstructures and mechanical properties. The effect of the nitrogen content on the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings was investigated. Compact columnar microstructure was obtained for the synthesized CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings. The CrVTiNbZrN coating (HEAN-N165), which was deposited with nitrogen flow rate of 165 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), exhibited slightly blurred columnar and multilayered structures containing CrVN, TiNbN and ZrN. The design of multilayered CrVTiNbZrN coatings showed good adhesion strength. Improvement of adhesion strength was obtained with composition-gradient interlayers. The CrVTiNbZrN coating with nitrogen content higher than 50 at.% possessed the highest hardness (25.2 GPa) and the resistance to plastic deformation H3/E*2 (0.2 GPa) value, and therefore the lowest wear rate was obtained because of high abrasion wear resistance.

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37

MIKHAILOVSKAYA, T. P., R. KURMAKYZY, D. K. TOLEMISOVA, and K. A. KADIRBEKOV. "OXIDATIVE AMMONOLYSIS OF 4-METHYLPYRIDINE ON OXIDE VANADIUM-TITANIUM-ZIRCONIUM CATALYST MODIFIED BY TIN AND TUNGSTEN OXIDES." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.21.

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Catalysts based on vanadium pentoxide modified by Ti, Sn, Zr and W oxides were tested in the oxidative ammonolysis of 4-methylpyridine. The role of the main process parameters such as temperature, the ratio of the initial components in the conversion of the methyl group to the nitrile one, and the optimal conditions for the oxidative ammonolysis of 4-methylpyridine were determined. It is determined that the V-Ti-Zr-O-catalyst and the sample containing 9% of tungsten oxide are superior in catalytic activity to the V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O contact. Conditions that ensure a high selectivity for the formation of 4-cyanopyridine were found. The highest yield of the target product (85-86%) was obtained on V-Ti-Zr-W-O at 270 °C, and the yield of 4-cyanopyridine was 87.5% at 310° C on the V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O catalyst. The phase composition and structural changes occurring in modified vanadium oxide catalysts have been studied. It is determined that mixed V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O and V-Ti-Zr-W-O catalysts contain ZrV2O7, the monoclinic modification of ZrO2 (baddeleyite), TiO2 (anatase), SnO2, WO3, and V2O5. In catalysts, it can exist in small amounts as a separate VO2 phase. The V-Ti-Zr-W-O catalyst showed the best catalytic properties. It has highactivity and selectivity towards 4-cyanopyridine.

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38

Gökdemir, Fatma Pınar, Ayşe Evrim Saatci, Orhan Özdemir, and Kubilay Kutlu. "Structural Modification of Sol-Gel Synthesized V2O5and TiO2Thin Films with/without Erbium Doping." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/795384.

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Comparative work of with/without erbium- (Er-) doped vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were carried out via sol-gel technique by dissolving erbium (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Er(NO3)3·5H2O) in vanadium (V) oxoisopropoxide (OV[OCH(CH3)2]3) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4). Effect of Er doping was traced by Fourier transform IR (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal (TG/DTA), and photoluminescence measurements. UV-Vis transmission/absorption measurement indicated a blue shift upon Er doping in V2O5film due to the softening of V=O bond while appearance of typical absorption peaks in Er-doped TiO2film. Granule size of the films increased (reduced) upon Er substitution on host material compared to undoped V2O5and TiO2films, respectively.

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Gokdemir, F. Pınar, Ece Yuzbasioglu, A. Evrim Saatci, Orhan Ozdemir, and Kubilay Kutlu. "Effect of Erbium Doping on Sol-Gel Synthesized Vanadium Pentoxide and Titanium Dioxide Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.400.

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Comparative work of erbium doped vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide thin films were carried out via sol gel technique by dissolving erbium (III) nitrate pentahydrate in vanadium (V) oxoisopropoxide and titanium (IV) isopropoxide. Fourier Transform IR and thermogravimetric/differential thermal measurements were performed to find out erbium substitution. UV-Vis. spectroscopy indicated a blue shift upon Er doping in V2O5film due to the softening of V=O bond. The similar behavior was expected in TiO2film and the prediction shall be shown only if annealing of the film above 600°C, resulting oxygen deficiency in anatase TiO2while Ti deficiency in rutile TiO2film. Due to such impact of erbium on structure, granule size of the films, determined by AFM, increased yielding more space for intercalation of ion in host materials and monitored through cyclic voltammetry measurements.

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Goncharov, A., A. Guglya, A. Kalchenko, E. Solopikhina, V. Vlasov, and E. Lyubchenko. "Nanocrystalline Porous Hydrogen Storage Based on Vanadium and Titanium Nitrides." Journal of Nanotechnology 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4106067.

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This review summarizes results of our study of the application of ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technology for creation of nanoporous thin-film structures that can absorb more than 6 wt.% of hydrogen. Data of mathematical modeling are presented highlighting the structure formation and component creation of the films during their deposition at the time of simultaneous bombardment by mixed beam of nitrogen and helium ions with energy of 30 keV. Results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that VNxfilms consist of 150–200 nm particles, boundaries of which contain nanopores of 10–15 nm diameters. Particles themselves consist of randomly oriented 10–20 nm nanograins. Grain boundaries also contain nanopores (3–8 nm). Examination of the absorption characteristics of VNx, TiNx, and(V,Ti)Nxfilms showed that the amount of absorbed hydrogen depends very little on the chemical composition of films, but it is determined by the structure pore. The amount of absorbed hydrogen at 0.3 MPa and 20°C is 6-7 wt.%, whereas the bulk of hydrogen is accumulated in the grain boundaries and pores. Films begin to release hydrogen even at 50°C, and it is desorbed completely at the temperature range of 50–250°C. It was found that the electrical resistance of films during the hydrogen desorption increases 104times.

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Li, Zhongyi, Delu Liu, Jianping Zhang, and Wenhuai Tian. "Precipitates in Nb and Nb–V Microalloyed X80 Pipeline Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S5 (August 2013): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012348.

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AbstractPrecipitates in two X80 pipeline steels were studied by transmission electron microscopy equipped with an energy filtering system. The steels are microalloyed with niobium and niobium–vanadium (Nb–V), respectively, and produced by continuous hot rolling. Besides the precipitates TiN and (Ti, Nb) (C, N), which were 10–100 nm in size, a large number of precipitates smaller than 10 nm distributed in the two steels have been observed. In the Nb–V microalloyed steel, only a few titanium nitrides covered by vanadium compounds on the surface have been observed. It is inferred that the vanadium exists mainly in the matrix as a solid solution element. The fact has been accepted that there was no contribution to the precipitation strengthening of the X80 steel by adding 0.04–0.06% vanadium under the present production process. By contrast, the toughness of the Nb–V steel is deteriorated. Therefore, a better toughness property of the Nb microalloyed X80 results from the optimum microalloying composition design and the suitable accelerating cooling after hot rolling.

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42

Dmitriev, A. N., G. Yu Vit’kina, and R. V. Alektorov. "Pyrometallurgical processing of high-titaniferous ores." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 1219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1219-1229.

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The future development of Ural mineral and raw materials base of steel industry is considerably stipulated by the development of deposits of titanium-magnetite ores, the reserves of which are accounted for near 77% of iron ores of Urals. It was shown, that the content of titanium dioxide as well as harmful impurities in the titanium-magnetite have the decisive meaning for selection of processing technology of them for extraction out of them vanadium and other useful components. Technological schemes of the titanium-magnetite enrichment and industrial methods of titanium-magnetite concentrates processing considered. Examples of titanium-magnetite processing by coke-BF and coke-less schemes given. The problems of blast furnace melting of titanium-magnetite ores highlighted. Main problems relate to formation of refractory compounds in a form of carbo-nitrides during reduction of titanium and infusible masses in blast furnace hearth. It was shown, that intensification if carbides precipitation is stipulated by increase of intensity of titanium reduction at increased temperatures of a heat products and requires the BF heat to be run at minimal acceptable temperature mode. Technological solutions, necessary to implement in blast furnace for iron ore raw materials with increased content of titanium processing were presented, including increase of basicity of slag from 1.2 to 1.25-1.30, increase of pressure at the blast furnace top from 1.8 to 2.2 atm, decrease of silicon content in hot metal from 0.1 to 0.05%, application of manganese-containing additives. It was noted, that theoretically the blast furnace melting of titanium-magnetite is possible at titanium dioxide content in slag up to 40% when application of the abovementioned technological solutions, silicon content in hot metal to 0.01% and very stable heat conditions of a blast furnace. The actuality of titanium and its pigmental dioxide production increase was noted. Possibilities of development of Medvedevskoje and Kopanskoje deposits of high-titaniferous ores in Chelyabinsk region with extraction not only iron and vanadium but also titanium considered.

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Marksteiner, P., P. Weinberger, A. Neckel, R. Zeller, and P. H. Dederichs. "Electronic structure of substoichiometric carbides and nitrides of titanium and vanadium." Physical Review B 33, no. 2 (January 15, 1986): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.812.

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Wilczek, Aneta, Jerzy Morgiel, Łukasz Rogal, Wojciech Maziarz, and Jerzy Smolik. "Microstructure and Wear of (CrN/CrAlN)/(CrAlN/VN) and (CrN/TiAlN)/(TiAlN/VN) Coatings for Molds Used in High Pressure Casting of Aluminum." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030261.

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Molds made of tool steels used in aluminum high-pressure die casting should routinely withstand tens of thousands of injection cycles, but repeated loading and temperature spikes result in their frequent premature wear. Extending their lifetime could be sought by nitriding or application of coatings of even higher hardness or both. Therefore, in the present experiment the arc-deposited Cr/(CrN)/nx(CrN/CrAlN)/mx(CrAlN/VN) or Cr/(CrN)/nx(CrN/TiAlN)/mx(TiAlN/VN) nano-multilayer stacks were deposited on glow discharge nitrided X40CrMoV5.1 steel. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy backed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy measurements of local chemical composition helped to confirm that the coatings are built of nanolayers of respective nitrides of period less than 10 nm. They also showed that droplets being characteristic for arc deposition method were enriched either in chromium, aluminum or vanadium but not in titanium. Both coatings presented comparable hardness of ~25 GPa, but the one covered with TiAlN/VN was roughly twice as wear resistant as the CrAlN/VN. Simultaneously, they were ~200 and ~100 more wear resistant than X40CrMoV5.1reference steel.

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Milevskii, A. G., A. A. Lisenko, M. M. Morozov, and E. A. Zhurakovskii. "First Principle Calculations of the Basic Thermodynamic Properties of Titanium and Vanadium Nitrides." physica status solidi (b) 198, no. 2 (December 1, 1996): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221980208.

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Wang, Shu Hua, Hai Ou Jing, Le Jin, and Yan Xue. "Observation and Analysis of the Microstructures of IGF Refined Low Carbon Microalloyed Non-Tempered Steel." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.323.

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The IGF refined microalloyed non-tempered steel with high strength and toughness is developed, by adding trace elements such as vanadium and titanium and using aluminum as the deoxidizing elements. The combination of these elements and elements C and N in the steel leads to the precipitation of a great deal of fine and scattered alloy carbides and nitrides. These fine particles provide ideal precipitation positions for IGF’s nucleation. The results show that a lot of IGF appears in the developed steel after hot-forging and air cooling, which effectively divides up the austenite grains and refines the steel structures. The strength and toughness of the steel is increased. The tensile strength reaches 1150Mpa and the impact toughness is between 61.35-65.37J/cm2.

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Gusev, A. I. "Nitrogen Partial Pressure of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Titanium, Vanadium and Niobium Nitrides and Carbonitrides." physica status solidi (b) 209, no. 2 (October 1998): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(199810)209:2<267::aid-pssb267>3.0.co;2-d.

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Mariot, J. M., P. Parent, A. Traverse, W. Lengauer, and C. F. Hague. "Vacancy-induced fine structure in the K edges of sub-stoichiometric titanium and vanadium nitrides." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 97, no. 1-4 (May 1995): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)00740-3.

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Dawson, P. T., and K. K. Tzatzov. "New features in the low energy Auger spectra of the nitrides of titanium and vanadium." Surface Science Letters 249, no. 1-3 (June 1991): A267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(91)90140-m.

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Zhukov, V. P., V. A. Gubanov, O. Jepsen, N. E. Christensen, and O. K. Andersen. "Calculated energy-band structures and chemical bonding in titanium and vanadium carbides, nitrides and oxides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 49, no. 7 (January 1988): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(88)90037-6.

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