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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Titanium sapphire'

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1

Roth, Peter. "Directly diode-laser-pumped titanium-doped sapphire lasers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18125.

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Titanium-doped sapphire is one of the most versatile laser gain materials. Tunable between 0.7 m and 1.1 m and capable of generating femtosecond pulses, the Ti:sapphire laser has become an important tool for many applications. Its ubiquitous use across many scientific disciplines is increasingly complemented by commercial applications including imaging, spectroscopy, micro-processing of materials and the generation of terahertz radiation. However, today's Ti:sapphire lasers are complex, bulky and expensive, leaving many applications unaddressed, particularly where lower costs and smaller footprints are vital. The biggest hurdle to smaller and cheaper Ti:sapphire lasers is the pump light source - typically a frequency-doubled, multi-watt neodymium or optically pumped semiconductor laser. Ideally, such intricate and expensive pump lasers would be replaced by compact, robust and cheap diode lasers. Two factors have prevented this: first, Ti:sapphire has a broad but relati vely weak absorption in the blue-green region of the spectrum where high-power diode lasers are not currently available; and second, the very short upper laser level lifetime of Ti:sapphire and relatively large parasitic losses result in a high intrinsic laser threshold. Combined, these factors strongly favour high-brightness pump sources. The recent progress in diode lasers based on gallium nitride materials now opens the way to challenge the perceived wisdom that Ti:sapphire cannot be diode-pumped. In this work diode-laser pumping of Ti:sapphire lasers has been shown to be possible. The world's first diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser has been developed, enabling drastic reductions in cost and size over current systems. Using innovative approaches to exploit gallium nitride diode lasers as the pump source, both continuous-wave operation and generation of femtosecond pulses have been demonstrated. As a result, some of the unrivalled performance of today's high-cost, lab- bound Ti: lasers may soon be available at a fraction of the current cost and footprint.
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2

Russom, Jeffrey Nary. "Optimization of sub-10 femtosecond titanium sapphire lasers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77480.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-107).
Kerr-lens mode locked Ti:sapphire lasers are the backbone of most ultrafast and attosecond pulse generation systems. As such when building such systems the experimentalist desires an easy to use and robust system to produce femtosecond pulses for use in experiments. Towards this end I will discuss the issues involved in perfecting Kerr-lens mode locked Ti:sapphire laser technology and present experimental results on a new type of output coupler designed using chirped mirror technology. This new type of output coupler promises improved stability and improved spatial and spectral pulse qualities. In addition I will also discuss the phenomenon of Ince-Gaussian modes, which constitute a more general solution to the paraxial wave equation than the regular Hermite and Laguerre Gaussian solutions. By studying these modes, we hope to discover a relationship between the observed Ince-Gaussian mode patterns in the continuous wave beam of the laser and use this to determine the correct operating alignment for the laser cavity.
by Jeffrey Nary Russom.
S.M.
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3

Sen, Gourav. "Kyropoulos Growth and Characterizations of Titanium doped Sapphire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI001.

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Il y a un énorme intérêt dans la construction de lasers à l'état solide capables d'atteindre les niveaux de petawatt (PW) et au-delà. Afin d'atteindre ce niveau de puissance, des amplificateurs Ti: Al2O3 d'un diamètre maximum de 20 cm ou plus sont nécessaires et il est donc nécessaire de développer des boules de cristaux Ti:Al2O3 de grand diamètre. Le procédé de croissance de Kyropoulos a été identifié par la société RSA le Rubis SA comme la technique la plus productive car elle permet de croître des cristaux massifs sous un faible gradient de température et donc de bonne qualité.La croissance de cristaux pesant environ 30 kg s'accompagne de complications qui affectent gravement la morphologie cristalline et donc sa qualité cristalline. Pour étudier les problèmes de morphologie, une étude détaillée de l'effet des paramètres de croissance a été réalisée en analysant le processus des cristaux cultivés dans l'installation industrielle. Les facteurs pour les problèmes critiques d'une formation de plaque plate et les zones refondues dans le cristal ont été identifiés et un ensemble idéal de paramètre pour le taux de tirage et le taux de croissance de masse a été proposé. Ceux-ci ont conduit à des améliorations marquées dans le volume productif du cristal et ont permis la croissance de cristaux avec des morphologies prévisibles.Pour aller plus loin, un système de croissance cristalline totalement autonome a été envisagé qui permettrait à l'opérateur de surveiller en temps réel la forme du cristal et de contrôler ses paramètres de croissance radiale. Ceci est basé sur la mesure in situ simultanée du poids cristallin et du niveau de liquide restant. Une étude mathématique est présentée pour expliquer la relation entre toutes les forces de pesage agissant sur le cristal en croissance et pour étudier la faisabilité de ce système de contrôle. On montre qu'il pourrait être utile pour la régulation du diamètre pendant la croissance de Kyropoulos.Les cristaux ont été caractérisés et contrôlés pour détecter les défauts qui affecteraient leurs propriétés optiques. Un tel défaut était la présence d'une bande translucide dans le cristal autrement transparent, appelé "défaut laiteux". La qualité cristalline en termes de densité de dislocation due à la déformation induite a été analysée en utilisant des techniques de diffraction des rayons X, ainsi que des caractérisations optiques et des analyses chimiques. Aidé du transfert de chaleur et des simulations numériques thermomécaniques du système de croissance, une explication de l'origine de ce défaut en termes de contrainte thermique agissant et de dynamique de croissance cristalline associée est proposée.Le dopage du titane dans le cristal de saphir est nécessaire pour l'application Laser, mais il y a ségrégation du dopant au cours de la croissance, ce qui conduit à une distribution inhomogène des cristaux développés, comme le montre la caractérisation optique de la distribution du titane dans ses états Ti3 + et Ti4 + . Des idées pour améliorer l'homogénéité des échantillons laser sont proposées
There is a huge interest in construction of solid state lasers capable of reaching petawatt (PW) levels and beyond. In order to achieve this level of power, Ti:Al2O3 amplifiers up to 20 cm in diameter or larger are required and hence there is the need for the growth of large diameter Ti:Al2O3 crystal boules. The Kyropoulos growth process has been identified by the company RSA le Rubis SA as the most productive technique because it allows growing massive crystals under a low temperature gradient and hence of good quality.Growing crystals weighing about 30 kg comes with its share of complications which gravely affect the crystal morphology and hence its crystalline quality. To address the issues of morphology, a detailed study of the growth parameters effect was carried out by analysing the process of crystals grown in the industrial setup. The factors for the critical issues of a flat plate formation and re-melted zones in the crystal were identified and an ideal set of parameter for the pulling rate and mass growth rate was proposed. These led to marked improvements in the productive volume of the crystal and enabled growth of crystals with predictable morphologies.To take a step further, a completely autonomous crystal growth system was envisioned which would allow the operator live monitoring of the crystal shape and give control over its radial growth parameters. This is based on the simultaneous in situ measurement of crystal weight and remaining liquid level. A mathematical study is presented to explain the relationship between all the weighing forces acting on the growing crystal and to study the feasibility of this control system. It is shown that it could be useful for the diameter regulation during the Kyropoulos growth.Crystals were characterised and checked for defects which would affect its optical properties. One such defect was the presence of a translucent band in the otherwise transparent crystal, called “milky defect”. The crystalline quality in terms of dislocation density due to induced strain was analysed using X-ray diffraction techniques, along with optical characterisation and chemical analyses. Aided with heat transfer and thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of the growth system, an explanation for the origin of this defect in terms of acting thermal stress and associated crystal growth dynamics is proposed.Titanium doping in the sapphire crystal is needed for the Laser application, but there is segregation of the dopant during growth and this leads to an inhomogeneous distribution in the grown crystals, as shown by optical characterisation of the distribution of titanium in its Ti3+ and Ti4+ states. Ideas in order to improve the laser samples homogeneity are proposed
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4

Apostolopoulos, Vasilis. "Gallium and titanium diffused optical waveguide devices in sapphire." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/46107/.

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This thesis describes new methods to realise an integrated Ti:Sapphire laser using thermal ionic diffusion. Passive and active waveguides were fabricated by thermal diffusion of gallium and titanium ions in sapphire. and the mode sizes of the waveguides were as small as 1μm at 488nm. A fabrication procedure based on SU-8 photolithography and ion beam milling was developed for micromachining the surface of sapphire. Using this fabrication technique Ga:Sapphire ridge waveguides were fabricated by diffusion of gallium and exhibited mode sizes as small as 2μm at 633nm. Using the same fabrication technique the realisation of the first Ti-diffused sapphire ridge waveguide lasers is reported. Finally, the fabrication of sapphire optical circuits using titanium and gallium co-doping is described and fluorescence characterisation of these waveguides is given.
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5

Wadsworth, W. J. "Copper vapour laser pumped TI:sapphire lasers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389029.

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6

Pellow-Jarman, Martin Vincent. "Further developments in Fourier transform vibrational spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/406870/.

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7

Mason, Michael Brett. "A sub-50 fs titanium-sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326264.

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8

Shepherd, Sara. "Use and development of a CW titanium sapphire laser for nonlinear optics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9931.

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A cw titanium sapphire laser pumped by an argon ion laser was used for experiments both in second harmonic generation using a non-linear crystal and for sum-frequency generation in an atomic vapour. In addition the laser was stabilised to sub-MHz levels. Using a crystal of potassium niobate (KNbO₃), the Ti:sapphire laser was frequency doubled over the range 860nm-905nm using an intracavity scheme. The crystal was temperature tuned to achieve near non-critical phase-matching and powers of up to 50mW were obtained, with a constant conversion efficiency per Watt over the doubling range. The thermal properties of potassium niobate in frequency doubling were examined and the effect of the crystal on the ring cavity during temperature tuning was investigated. The laser cavity was frequency stabilised using a 'side of fringe' locking scheme with a confocal Fabry-Perot etalon as the reference discriminator. The cavity length control elements were two Brewster-angled tilt plates and a piezo mounted mirror. Using this scheme the frequency noise was reduced from tens of MHz to 550kHz. Methods of obtaining a 30GHz frequency scan were also evaluated and an experimental 10GHz scan achieved. It was concluded that only dither and lock schemes are good enough to achieve reliable 30GHz scans. Using both a Ti:sapphire laser and a dye laser, two contrasting schemes for sum-frequency generation in sodium vapour were investigated, in which a magnetic field was used to break the symmetry of the medium. Using one of these resonantly enhanced routes, powers of 17μW in the UV were obtained from a classically 'forbidden' quadrupole transition. The effects of phase-matching on each of the transitions was examined in detail, and it was found that in general there are at least six factors which affect the phase-matching behaviour of the frequency mixing scheme. It was also found that on the route which had two sources of dispersion there was a significant distortion of the output line profiles at high temperatures due to a variation in phase-matching across the line profile itself.
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9

Abend, Stefan. "Ultrafast dynamics of chlorins and porphyrins in proteins and solution investigated by time resolved three pulse photon echo spectroscopy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249371.

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10

McGonigle, A. J. S. "Tunable UV lasers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343230.

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11

Gillen, Glen D. "Multiphoton and above-threshold ionization of magnesium using high-intensity titanium-sapphire laser pulses /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486461246818111.

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12

Li, Hui. "Bubbles propagation in undoped and Titanium (Ti3+)-doped sapphire crystals grown by Czochralski (Cz) technique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10327/document.

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En dépit de leurs simplicités chimiques, de leurs fusion congruente, de leurs performances mécaniques et de leurs propriétés optiques, les monocristaux de saphir contiennent comme défauts des bulles aussi connus sous le nom de micro-vides. Quelle que soit la technologie de croissance, les cristaux obtenus sont caractérisés par la présence de micro-et macro-bulles qui affectent leurs qualités optiques et mécaniques limitant ainsi leurs applications. Ces bulles dégradent les propriétés optiques et l'efficacité des lasers produits par une réduction de la transparence des saphirs; elles induisent également des défauts de surface pendant le processus de polissage. Afin d'améliorer la qualité des cristaux, il est important d'éliminer les bulles, de connaître la raison de leurs formations, les causes de leurs propagations, de leurs constitutions, et de leurs diffusions dans le cristal. Nous avons étudié la distribution des bulles et leurs tailles dans les cristaux de saphir non dopés et dopés titane obtenus par la technique Czochralski (Cz). Les données expérimentales recueillies ont permis de connaître l'effet de différents paramètres de croissance sur la distribution, la densité et la taille des bulles. La propagation des bulles et leurs distributions dans les cristaux ne sont pas influencées par le type de germe. Si les vitesses de tirages augmentent, le diamètre des bulles diminuent et leurs densités augmentent. Les bulles formées dans le cristal de saphir sont influencées par la matière formant la charge de départ. L’utilisation de saphirs craquelés comme charge de départ pourrait être une bonne façon de minimiser la création de bulles et de limiter leurs propagations. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette thèse décrivent l'ensemble des phénomènes impliqués lors de l'incorporation de bulles dans les cristaux de saphir non dopés et dopés titane
In spite of the chemical simplicity, the congruent melt behaviour and it’s performed mechanical and optical properties sapphire single crystals contain bubbles defects also known as micro-voids. Whatever the growth technology, the grown crystals are characterized by the presence of micro and macro bubbles which affect the optical and mechanical quality of the crystal limiting their application. They degrade the optical properties and the laser efficiency by reduction of the transparency; they also induce surface defects during substrate polishing process. In order to improve the crystal quality, it is important to eliminate bubbles defects and know the reason of their formation, the causes of their propagation, their incorporation and their distribution in the crystal. We have studied bubbles distribution and their size in undoped and Ti-doped sapphire crystals grown by Czochralski (Cz) technique. The collected experimental data made it possible to know the effect of several growth parameters on the distribution, the density and the size of the bubbles. The bubbles propagation and distribution in the crystal are not influenced by the seed type. If the pulling rate increases, the diameter of bubbles decreases and their density increases. The bubbles formed in sapphire crystal are influenced by the starting charge material. Using sapphire crackle as starting charge could be a good way to minimise bubbles creation and limited their propagation. The obtained results in the frame of this thesis describe the whole phenomena involved during bubbles incorporation in undoped and Ti-doped sapphire crystals
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13

Liu, Yi-Wei. "Optical studies using tunable solid state lasers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299523.

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14

FRESCHI, LARISSA R. "Determinação do limiar de ablação de resina composta e amálgama utilizando laser de pulsos ultracurtos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9978.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
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15

Da, silva Antonio. "Theoretical determination of optical properties for sapphire doped with titanium from its microscopy and analysis of its capabilities for laser without population inversion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX075/document.

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Cet exposé est scindé en deux grandes parties. Dans la première, nous estimons des constantes photo-physiques du saphir dopé au titane à partir d'un modèle analytique simple exploitant une théorie de Huang-Rhys pour la détermination du profil spectral des bandes simples et une hypothèse réaliste de superposition de ces dernières. Nous déterminons une formule pour l'indice de réfraction total du Ti:saphir en fonction de la concentration de dopant. Dans une seconde partie, nous évaluons, selon la vérification d'un concept, la capacité de laser sana inversion de populations pour un cristal dopé possédant une basse symétrie. Nous appuyons notre démonstration en établissant une condition de seuil généralisée d'effet laser. Ce concept pourrait être une rupture technologique dans le domaine des grands cristaux dopés et n'a pas encore été investigué par la communauté
This presentation is split into two main parts. In the first, we estimate photo-physical constants of titanium doped sapphire from a simple analytical model using a Huang-Rhys theory for the determination of the spectral profile of simple bands and from a realistic hypothesis of superposition of the latter. We define a formula for the total refractive index of Ti:sapphire as a function of dopant concentration. In a second part, we evaluate, according to the verification of a concept, the laser capability without population inversion for a doped crystal with low symmetry. We support our demonstration by establishing a generalized laser threshold condition. This concept would be a technological breakthrough in the field of large doped crystals and has not yet been investigated by the community
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16

Charvat, Ales. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'un spectromètre d'absorption intracavité à l'aide d'un laser Ti:Saphir." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10223.

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Les mesures precises de faibles absorptions dues a des molecules en phase gazeuse requierent une technique qui soit a la fois de haute sensibilite et quantitative. La technique de l'absorption intracavite laser (iclas) repond bien a ce double besoin. Notre travail a ete consacree a l'etude, la realisation et la caracterisation d'un spectrometre iclas a l'aide d'un laser ti:saphir pompe par un laser a argon. Pour cela nous avons modelise et compare des structures de cavites en z a astigmatisme compense, lineaire et en anneau a l'aide des matrices abcd. Nous avons entrepris ensuite l'etude de la dynamique spectro-temporelle de tels lasers et etudie les limitations de la sensibilite. Ces etudes ont montre que la longueur equivalente d'absorption de notre spectrometre est de l'ordre de 30 000 km ce qui est proche de la sensibilite limite due a l'emission spontanee. D'autre part les etudes theoriques et experimentales du regime transitoire des oscillations de relaxation ont confirme que l'absorption intracavite evolue lineairement en fonction du temps de generation durant cette periode. Du fait d'un temps d'etablissement important, la notion de temps de generation effectif a du etre introduite. Nous avons egalement evalue l'influence sur le fonctionnement du laser des gradients d'indice dans le cristal, gradients qui sont dus soit au pompage longitudinal (lentille thermique), soit a l'effet kerr (blocage des modes). L'etude des etats de polarisation de la lumiere nous a permis de degager une conclusion importante: la birefringence du cristal reduit la sensibilite du spectrometre iclas en provoquant d'importantes modulations spectrales et en empechant le fonctionnement unidirectionnel dans un laser en anneau. Pour s'en affranchir nous avons utilise un cristal dont l'axe optique est parallele au faisceau laser. Notre spectrometre a deja permis d'obtenir de nombreux spectres moleculaires en cellule (chd#3, n#2o, co#2) et en jet supersonique (ch#4, no#2)
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17

何獻南. "The influences of temperature and atmosphere on the wettability of aluminum melt on sapphire, polycrystalline aluminum nitride and titanium nitride thin film." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31264829414856077344.

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