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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium oxide'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Xie, Yi Bing, Li Min Zhou, Chuan Jun Huang, Yang Liu, and Jian Lu. "Preparation and Electrochemical Capacitance of Ruthenium Oxide-Titania Nanotube Composite." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.235.

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A well-aligned titania nanotube array grown on titanium sheet was fabricated by an anodization process in hydrofluoric acid-phosphoric acid-ethylene glycol aqueous electrolyte. Electroactive ruthenium oxide was filled into independent titania nanotubes or deposited on the surface of planar titanium sheet by an electrodeposition-oxidation process. Electrochemical capacitances of these well-designed ruthenium oxides were investigated for supercapacitor applications. Accordingly, ruthenium oxide-titania/titanium (RuO2-TiO2/Ti) nanocomposite exhibits a much higher specific capacitance, power and energy density than ruthenium oxide/titanium (RuO2/Ti) in sulphate acid electrolyte. The utilization efficiency of RuO2 is intensively improved by introducing a novel electrode substrate with a nanotube array structure. Such a superior performance of RuO2-TiO2/Ti nanocomposite is ascribed to its highly accessible reaction sites of well-tailored RuO2 on TiO2 nanotubes.
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2

Michalska-Domańska, Marta, Katarzyna Prabucka, and Mateusz Czerwiński. "Modification of Anodic Titanium Oxide Bandgap Energy by Incorporation of Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Manganese In Situ during Anodization." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072707.

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In this research, we attempted to modify the bandgap of anodic titanium oxide by in situ incorporation of selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide during the titanium anodization process. The main aim of this research was to obtain photoactivity of anodic titanium oxide over a broader sunlight wavelength. The incorporation of the selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide was proved. It was shown that the bandgap values of anodic titanium oxides made at 60 V are in the visible region of sunlight. The smallest bandgap value was obtained for anodic titanium oxide modified by manganese, at 2.55 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 486.89 nm and blue color. Moreover, it was found that the pH of the electrolyte significantly affects the thickness of the anodic titanium oxide layer. The production of barrier oxides during the anodizing process with properties similar to coatings made by nitriding processes is reported for the first time.
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3

Kim, I. H., W. S. Kim, and D. S. Rhee. "Photocatalytic Activity of Fe/Ti Mixed Oxide for Degrading Humic Acid in Water." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.95.

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The comparative experiments for removing humic acid as environmental pollutant were conducted by adsorption on iron oxide, photooxidation in the presence of titanium dioxide catalyst and combined adsorption-photooxidation by iron-titanium mixed metal oxides, where all these active components were immobilized on polypropylene granules. The main purpose of the work was the combination of adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation processes to remove humic acid. The granules with iron-titanium mixed oxide for treating humic acid gave much better results with 1.2~3 times higher removal rates comparing to the other two single coated oxides at certain pH values. And the order of removal efficiency according to pH was the same as for single iron oxide-coated granules. The ratio 1:2 of iron oxide/titanium dioxide was found optimal for maximal decolorization of humic acid solution. The total organic carbon decrease of humic acid in each experiments, when it was pre-equilibrated with mixed oxides-coated granules in the dark for 30 min and without pre-equilibration, was very similar. The results suggested that the mechanism of humic acid removal may be not only a respectively combined adsorption and photooxidation by iron oxide and titanium oxides, but an enhanced photooxidation reaction as a result of concentrating humic acid on titanium oxide surface by iron oxide.
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4

Jang, Jum Suk, Eun Sun Kim, Hyun Gyu Kim, Sang Min Ji, Youngkwon Kim, and Jae Sung Lee. "Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with titanium oxide nanosheets for visible light photocatalysis." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 6 (June 2010): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0133.

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Nitrogen-doped titania with a unique two-level hierarchical structure and visible light photocatalytic activity is reported. Thus, nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with N-doped titanium oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction in NH4OH and postcalcination. During the calcination, the in situ incorporation of nitrogen atoms of ammonium ion into titania lattice was accompanied by the structural evolution from titanate to anatase titania. The morphological and structural evolution was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and adsorption isotherms. The N-doping brought visible light absorption, and the material exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of Orange II under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm), especially when it was loaded with 1 wt% Pt as a cocatalyst.
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5

Uekawa, Naofumi, Naoya Endo, Keisuke Ishii, Takashi Kojima, and Kazuyuki Kakegawa. "Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Hydrolysis Reaction of Ethylene Glycol Solution of Alkoxide." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/102361.

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Transparent and stable sols of titanium oxide nanoparticles were obtained by heating a mixture of ethylene glycol solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TIP) and a NH3aqueous solution at 368 K for 24 h. The concentration of NH3aqueous solution affected the structure of the obtained titanium oxide nanoparticles. For NH3aqueous solution concentrations higher than 0.2 mol/L, a mixture of anatase TiO2nanoparticles and layered titanic acid nanoparticles was obtained. The obtained sol was very stable without formation of aggregated precipitates and gels. Coordination of ethylene glycol to Ti4+ions inhibited the rapid hydrolysis reaction and aggregation of the obtained nanoparticles. The obtained titanium oxide nanoparticles had a large specific surface area: larger than 350 m2/g. The obtained titanium oxide nanoparticles showed an enhanced adsorption towards the cationic dye molecules. The selective adsorption corresponded to presence of layered titanic acid on the obtained anatase TiO2nanoparticles.
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6

Junin, Chabaiporn, Pimpa Limthongkul, Chanipat Euvananont, Kroekchai Inpor, and Chanchana Thanachayanont. "G-2 Titanium oxide powder prepared by precipitation and sol-gel techniques for photocatalytic applications(Session: Titanium Oxide)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.128.

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7

Ermolaev, Kushnir, Sapoletova, and Napolskii. "Titania Photonic Crystals with Precise Photonic Band Gap Position via Anodizing with Voltage versus Optical Path Length Modulation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040651.

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Photonic crystals based on titanium oxide are promising for optoelectronic applications, for example as components of solar cells and photodetectors. These materials attract great research attention because of the high refractive index of TiO2. One of the promising routes to prepare photonic crystals based on titanium oxide is titanium anodizing at periodically changing voltage or current. However, precise control of the photonic band gap position in anodic titania films is a challenge. To solve this problem, systematic data on the effective refractive index of the porous anodic titanium oxide are required. In this research, we determine quantitatively the dependence of the effective refractive index of porous anodic titanium oxide on the anodizing regime and develop a model which allows one to predict and, therefore, control photonic band gap position in the visible spectrum range with an accuracy better than 98.5%. The prospects of anodic titania photonic crystals implementation as refractive index sensors are demonstrated.
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8

Bulyarskiy S. V., Gusarov G. G., Dudin A. A., Koiva D. A., and Litvinova K. I. "Diagnosis of the technology of titanium and hafnium oxides by luminescence methods." Optics and Spectroscopy 131, no. 1 (2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2023.01.55512.4086-22.

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The article shows the role of oxygen vacancies in the formation of luminescence bands of titanium and hafnium oxides, and also demonstrates the relationship between the intensity of luminescence bands and the conditions for the synthesis of films of these materials. It is concluded that photoluminescence is a very sensitive method for diagnosing the composition of oxides. Luminescence bands at 2.45 eV in titanium oxide and 2.91 eV in hafnium oxide make it possible to analyze the change in the film composition under various technological conditions of their production. Keywords: oxygen vacancies, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, photoluminescence.
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9

Miralami, Raheleh, Laura Koepsell, Thyagaseely Premaraj, Bongok Kim, Geoffrey M. Thiele, J. Graham Sharp, Kevin L. Garvin, and Fereydoon Namavar. "Comparing Biocompatibility of Nanocrystalline Titanium and Titanium-Oxide with Microcrystalline Titanium." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.804.

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ABSTRACTTitanium (Ti) is the material of choice for orthopaedic applications because it is biocompatible and encourages osteoblast ingrowth. It was shown that the biocompatibility of Ti metal is due to the presence of a thin native sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide layer which enhances the adsorption of mediating proteins on the surface [1]. The present studies were devised to evaluate the adhesion, survival, and growth of cells on the surface of new engineered nano-crystal films of titanium and titanium oxides and compare them with orthopaedic-grade titanium with microcrystals. The engineered nano-crystal films with hydrophilic properties are produced by employing an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique. IBAD combines physical vapor deposition with concurrent ion beam bombardment in a high vacuum environment to produce films (with 3 to 70 nm grain size) with superior properties. These films are “stitched” to the artificial orthopaedic implant materials with characteristics that affect the wettability and mechanical properties of the coatings.To characterize the biocompatibility of these nano-engineered surfaces, we have studied osteoblast function including cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation on different nanostructured samples. Cell responses to surfaces were examined using SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. We also studied a correlation between the surface nanostructures and the cell growth by characterizing the SAOS-2 cells with immunofluorescence and measuring the amount alizarin red concentration produced after 7 and 14 days. The number of adherent cells was determined by means of nuclei quantification on the nanocrystalline Ti, TiO2, and microcrystalline Ti and analysis was performed with Image J. Our experimental results indicated that nanocrystalline TiO2 is superior to both nano and microcrystalline Ti in supporting growth, adhesion, and proliferation. Improving the quality of surface oxide, i.e. fabricating stoichiometric oxides as well as nanoengineering the surface topology, is crucial for increasing the biocompatibility of Ti implant materials.
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10

Yu, Feng Qin, Min Dong, and Ya Li Yi. "Photo Electrochemical Responses of Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays on Pure Titanium Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.43.

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This paper deals with photo electrochemical responses of titanium dioxide nanotubes on pure titanium. Photosensitive electrodes (anodes) with the major composition of doped oxides were made using the titanium oxide nanotubes. The responses of the oxide nanotubes with different additives to both ultraviolet (Uv) and visible (Vis) light were illustrated. Research results of the enhance absorption of visible light by adding transition metals or metallic oxides including Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, CoO, CuO, NiO, ZnO into the nanotubes will be shown. Finally, test results of the photo electrochemical fuel cells using diluted glycerol as the fuel under the irradiation of natural light will be presented and the open circuit voltage values will be given. The photo electrochemical test results show that the doped titanium oxide nanotubes show the n-type behavior. The photo anodes can absorb both ultraviolet and visible light. But the response to the ultraviolet light is five to ten times stronger.
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11

Sooknoi, Tawan, Siriya Jiamesakul, Sitthisuntron Supothina, Angkhana Jaroenworaluck, Thammarat Panyathanmaporn, and Kannikar Juengsuwattananon. "G-1 Metal-loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Oxidation Catalyst(Session: Titanium Oxide)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.126.

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12

Balakrishnan, A., Byoung Cheon Lee, Taik Nam Kim, and B. B. Panigrahi. "Strength and Reliability Performance of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titania Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy Using Sol-Gel Precursor." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1161.

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In this study hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated by sol-gel method on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates: on micropolished surface and after titania (titanium oxide) treatment. Former shows the cracks and poor bonding of HA whereas latter shows coating without cracks and higher bonding strength. The higher bonding strength of HA coating in titania treated sample could be attributed to the increased roughness by titanium oxide layer.
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13

ZHANG, YUNHUAI, FU HU, PENG XIAO, and XIAOYAN FAN. "PREPARATION OF HIGH-ORDERLY TIO2 NANOTUBES IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 18n19 (July 30, 2007): 3506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207044858.

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High-orderly nanotubes of titania were fabricated by anodic oxidation of pure titanium substrate in different electrolytes containing fluoride. Different morphological nanotubes of titania were obtained through controlling the different pH value of inorganic electrolytes, and it was found that nanotubes of titanium oxide would not formed when pH value was above 6. The morphological and structural properties of nanotublar products were characterized by SEM. The synthesized nanotubes of titania in organic electrolytic solutions containing fluoride was of 60 μm in length. The experiments demonstrated the length and orderliness of nanotubes of titanium oxide in organic solutions were much better than those in inorganic solutions.
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14

Xiong, Guo Xuan, Min Deng, Hai Qing Huang, and Ming Shu Tang. "Absorbing and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Nano-Titanic Oxide Absorbent." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.558.

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The cement-based composite absorbing materials was made of portland cement and nano-titanic oxide absorbent. The relationship of electromagnetic wave reflectivity and nanometer TiO2 contents, dispersed means, samples thickness, and effect of nanometer titanium oxide on mechanical properties of cement-based composites were discussed in details. The experiment results revealed: 1) The reflectivity of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide is less than -7 dB at 8~18 GHz frequency range; 2) The least reflectivity is -16.34 dB at 16.24 GHz and the bandwidth for -10 dB is 4.5 GHz; 3) The mechanical properties of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide are superior to that of cement paste.
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15

Ge, Lei, Ming Xia Xu, Lei E, Yu Ming Tian, and Hai Bo Fang. "Preparation of TiO2 Thin Films Using Inorganic Peroxo Titanic Complex and Autoclaved Sols as Precursors." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.809.

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A new sol-gel method was introduced to prepare titanium oxides (TiO2) photocatalytic thin flms using peroxide (H2O2) and titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4) as raw materials. The TiOSO4 solution was recipitated by adding ammonia solution, then peptized with 30% H2O2 solution to get a yellow, table, neutral, and transparent liquid (peroxo titanic complex sol). When the peroxo titanic complex sol was autoclaved above 80°C for 2h, it changed to a stable, semitransparent sol containing eedle-like, ultra-fine anatase crystals less than 20nm in diameter. Titanium oxide (anatase) films sed for photocatalysis can be prepared on substrates by a dip-coating technique using peroxo titanic omplex and autoclaved sols.
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16

Sahare, Padmavati, Paulina Govea Alvarez, Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez, Juan Gabriel Luna Bárcenas, Samik Chakraborty, Sujay Paul, and Miriam Estevez. "Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (February 14, 2022): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.15.

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Significant advancement in the field of nanotechnology has raised the possibility of applying potent engineered biocompatible nanomaterials within biological systems for theranostic purposes. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide/titania/TiO2) has garnered considerable attention as one of the most extensively studied metal oxides in clinical applications. Owing to the unique properties of titania, such as photocatalytic activity, excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and low toxicity, titania nanomaterials have revolutionized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, titania provides an exceptional choice for developing innovative medical devices and the integration of functional moieties that can modulate the biological responses. Thus, the current review aims to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of TiO2-based nanotherapeutics and the corresponding future challenges.
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17

MODAN, Ecaterina Magdalena. "Review on the titanium oxide for catalytic applications." University of Pitesti. Scientific Bulletin - Automotive Series 29, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26825/bup.ar.2019.007.

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18

Ramanavicius, Simonas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Insights in the Application of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Titanium Oxides for the Design of Sensors for the Determination of Gases and VOCs (TiO2−x and TinO2n−1 vs. TiO2)." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 6833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236833.

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In this review article, attention is paid towards the formation of various nanostructured stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO2), non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x) and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers, which are suitable for the application in gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors. Some aspects related to variation of sensitivity and selectivity of titanium oxide-based sensors are critically overviewed and discussed. The most promising titanium oxide-based hetero- and nano-structures are outlined. Recent research and many recently available reviews on TiO2-based sensors and some TiO2 synthesis methods are discussed. Some promising directions for the development of TiO2-based sensors, especially those that are capable to operate at relatively low temperatures, are outlined. The applicability of non-stoichiometric titanium oxides in the development of gas and VOC sensors is foreseen and transitions between various titanium oxide states are discussed. The presence of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers in ‘self-heating’ sensors is predicted, and the advantages and limitations of ‘self-heating’ gas and VOC sensors, based on TiO2 and TiO2−x/TiO2 heterostructures, are discussed.
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19

Watazu, Akira, Kay Teraoka, Hirofumi Kido, Kenzo Morinaga, Kae Okamatsu, Yoshiyuki Nagashima, Masaro Matsuura, and Naobumi Saito. "Formation of Titanium Oxide/Titanium/Plastic Composites." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.487.

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Titanium oxide/ titanium/ plastic composite implants were formed by coating commercially pure titanium thin films on the surfaces of plastic cylinders by DC magnetron sputtering method. The composite is uniformly formed and the surface of the composite implant is smooth. The implants in rat tibias were not broken and the films on the surfaces of the samples did not decompose. The samples with bone were able to cut by diamond knife and observations between bone and titanium oxide on titanium by TEM succeeded. Therefore, the composite is useful for implants or observations the interactions between titanium oxide and bone in detail.
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20

Young, Jay A. "Titanium(IV) Oxide." Journal of Chemical Education 81, no. 8 (August 2004): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed081p1115.

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21

Yuan, Zhong-Yong, Jean-François Colomer, and Bao-Lian Su. "Titanium oxide nanoribbons." Chemical Physics Letters 363, no. 3-4 (September 2002): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01205-8.

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22

Kunst, Sandra Raquel, David de Oliveira Cerveira, Jane Zoppas Ferreira, Thaís Francine Graef, Joseane de Andrade Santana, Carlos Leonardo Pandolfo Carone, Fernando Dal Pont Morisso, and Cláudia Trindade Oliveira. "Influence of simulated body fluid (normal and inflammatory) on corrosion resistance of anodized titanium." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 7, 2021): e122101018606. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18606.

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Titanium has been widely used as biomaterial, especially in implantables, in which osseointegration and corrosion resistance are needed. Studies have shown that the thickness and roughness of porous titanium oxides are related to the osseointegration. According to the literature, the best anodizing conditions for obtaining nanotubes in titanium oxide are the use of a voltage of 10V in an electrolyte containing 0.15% HF in H3PO4 (w/v). In this study, was to evaluate the corrosion capacity of simulated body fluid (SBF) over titanium samples anodized on 1 mol. L-1 H3PO4 and 0.15% HF (w/v) in 1 mol.L-1 H3PO4. To perform these evaluations samples of commercially pure titanium grade 2 were used. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and by electrochemical corrosion tests in healthy and simulating inflammatory conditions. The hydrophobicity of oxides was tested by sessile drop essay, also using SBF. Results show that oxides obtained in H3PO4 electrolyte, barrier type oxides, work better than the porous oxides obtained in H3PO4/HF electrolyte, suggesting that barrier oxide exhibit more biomaterial characteristics than the porous oxide. These results agree with previous studies, and stand out mainly in relation to the tests performed under inflammatory conditions, more aggressive to the biomaterial.
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23

Michalska-Domańska, Marta, Mateusz Czerwiński, Magdalena Łazińska, Vikas Dubey, Marcin Jakubaszek, Zbigniew Zawadzki, and Jerzy Kostecki. "Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 6992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226992.

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In this paper, the possibility of color controlling anodic titanium oxide by changing anodizing conditions of titanium in an ethanol-based electrolyte is demonstrated. Colored anodic titanium oxide was fabricated in an ethanol-based electrolyte containing 0.3 M ammonium fluoride and various amounts of deionized water (2, 3.5, 5, or 10 vol%), at voltages that varied from 30 to 60 V and at a constant anodization temperature of 20 °C. Morphological characterization of oxide layers was established with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Optical characterization was determined by measuring diffusion reflectance and calculating theoretical colors. The resulting anodic oxides in all tested conditions had nanotubular morphology and a thickness of up to hundreds of nanometers. For electrolytes with 3.5, 5, and 10 vol% water content, the anodic oxide layer thickness increased with the applied potential increase. The anodic titanium oxide nanotube diameters and the oxide thickness of samples produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% water content were independent of applied voltage and remained constant within the error range of all tested potentials. Moreover, the color of anodic titanium oxide produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% of water was blue and was independent from applied voltage, while the color of samples from other electrolyte compositions changed with applied voltage. For samples produced in selected conditions, iridescence was observed. It was proposed that the observed structural color of anodic titanium oxide results from the synergy effect of nanotube diameter and oxide thickness.
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24

Sun, Tao, and Min Wang. "Characteristics and Chemical Stability of the Bioactive Titania Layer Formed on Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA through a Low Temperature Oxidation Process." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1403.

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To improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of titanium and titanium alloys, a titanium oxide layer was synthesized on Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) using a H2O2-oxidation and hot water aging technique. The surface of these metals before and after the oxidation treatment was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Because of the synthetic titanium oxide surface layer, the Al and V contents on the surface of as-oxidized Ti-6Al-4V decreased significantly. Similarly, the Ni content on the surface of as-oxidized NiTi SMA was also significantly reduced. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the synthetic titania layer was more chemically stable than the spontaneous titania film on the metals. Among the three metals, the oxide layer on Ti was the most stable chemically. The in vitro bioactivity of as-oxidized metals was assessed through incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). Compared to as-oxidized Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA, as-oxidized Ti was the most bioactive.
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25

Kar, Archana, Ryan Pando, and Vaidyanathan (Ravi) Subramanian. "Photoelectrochemical responses of anodized titanium oxide films." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 1 (January 2010): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0023.

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Thin titanium films of 200 nm thickness were prepared by physical vapor deposition over conducting glass plates and anodized to form titanium oxide nanostructured film that demonstrates photoactivity under ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) illumination. Absorbance and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the anodized and nitrogen annealed films absorb UV-vis (λ = 300 to 800 nm) illumination to produce a current of 2.5 mA at 0 V and 3 mA at +0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. A photocurrent of 110 μA and an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 300 mV was noted without application of external bias. Long-term stability tests showed that the photocurrent was stable for 2 h under continuous illumination. The titanium oxide prepared from a small fraction of titanium deposited over conducting glass demonstrates almost similar activity compared with titanium oxides prepared on foils. The material offers promising potential in other applications such as environmental remediation and photocatalytic water splitting.
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26

Su, Hui Dong, Fu Jia Sun, and Hui Zhang. "Effects of Photocatalytic Activity of Iron Doped on TiO2 Films Using Microarc Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 826 (November 2013): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.826.183.

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Titanium oxide films were formed on the titanium surface by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in Na3PO4 solution. Then the titanium oxide films were soaked by Fe (NO3)3 aqueous and calcined to improve the activity. The photocatalytic ability of titanium oxide films before and after surface treatment was evaluated by Rhodamine B aqueous solution. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation rate of titanium oxide films is low. After the surface treatment, the iron ion was doped on the titanium oxide films. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of the titanium oxide coatings was enhanced after Iron doped. The photocatalytic decoloration rate was increased from 15.1 % to 42 %.
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27

Cao, Y., Li Ping Wang, Bo Zhang, Qiang Lin, Xu Dong Li, C. Y. Bao, Ji Yong Chen, L. Yang, and Xing Dong Zhang. "The Effect of Microporous Structure on Bone-Bonding Ability of Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.211.

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The three different structures of titanium oxide film were prepared: (1) The commercial pure titanium was treated with heating in air at 700°C for half hour and gotten a dense rutile film on titanium (HS Samples); (2) The commercial pure titanium was treated by chemically treating and gotten a layer of amorphous titania gel on the Ti surface (TS Samples); (3) After chemically treating, the samples were heated in air at 700 °C for half hour, and gotten nano-particles coalesced microporous titanium oxide (rutile) film on titanium surface (XS sample). The dense rutile and amorphous titania gel did not induce apatite formation on their surfaces in SBF solution for 48 hours, whereas the nano-particles coalesced microporous rutile structure induced apatite formation on their surfaces. Mechanical test and histological examination were investigated after the samples implanted in dogs limbs for 3 months. The results of push-out test are 12.96, 29.48 and 35.83 MPa respectively for HS, TS and XS sample. Histological results showed that TS sample and XS sample contacted the bone directly, without any intervening fibrous tissue, and there was a fibrous tissue layer between the bone and HS samples.
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Shaban, Yasser A., and Shahed U. M. Khan. "Photoresponse of Visible Light Active CM-n-TiO2, HM-n-TiO2, CM-n-Fe2O3, and CM-p-WO3towards Water Splitting Reaction." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/749135.

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Photoresponses of visible light active carbon modified titanium oxide (CM-n-TiO2), hydrogen modified titanium oxide (HM-n-TiO2), carbon modified iron oxide (CM-n-Fe2O3), carbon modified tungsten oxide (CM-p-WO3) towards water splitting reaction are reported in this article. Carbon and hydrogen in titanium oxide were found to be responsible for red shift from UV region to visible region which in turn enhanced the photoconversion efficiency by an order of magnitude for water splitting reaction. Photocurrent densities and photoconversion efficiencies of regular n-TiO2and CM-n-TiO2towards water splitting reaction under monochromatic light illumination from a xenon lamp and sunlight were compared and found in reasonable agreement. These oxides were characterized by photocurrent measurements,UV-Visspectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and these results are also reported in this article.
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Aniołek, Krzysztof, Adrian Barylski, Marian Kupka, and Grzegorz Dercz. "Cyclic Oxidation of Titanium Grade 2." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 5431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235431.

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This paper presents the results of research into the cyclic oxidation of titanium Grade 2. The value of titanium Grade 2 oxidation activation energy was determined based on an analysis of the Arrhenius diagram. The result was 205.3 kJ/mol. After cyclic oxidation at a temperature of 600 °C, the presence of oxides in an acicular system was observed on the surface. The specimen surface after oxidation at 650 °C was characterised by the presence of fine oxide particles, while after oxidation at 700 °C, the obtained oxide layer was composed of large oxide particles. The layers obtained after oxidation at 600 °C had the lowest thickness (1.26 and 2.12 µm), while those obtained at 700 °C had the highest thickness (5.17 and 9.45 µm). Examination of the phase composition after cyclic oxidation showed that the oxide layers obtained at temperatures of 600, 650 and 700 °C were composed of TiO2 (rutile) only. No presence of other phases was found. The oxide layers formed in the cyclic oxidation process were characterised by different thicknesses, depending on the oxidation parameters. It was found that cyclic oxidation contributed to a considerable increase in the surface hardness of titanium Grade 2.
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Teamsinsungvon, Arpaporn, Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat, Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit, and Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat. "Structural Characterization of Titanium–Silica Oxide Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy." Polymers 14, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132729.

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In this study, titania–silica oxides (TixSiy oxides) were successfully prepared via the sol–gel technique. The Ti and Si precursors were titanium (IV), isopropoxide (TTIP), and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), respectively. In this work, the effects of pH and the Ti/Si atomic ratio of titanium–silicon binary oxide (TixSiy) on the structural characteristics of TixSiy oxide are reported. 29Si solid-state NMR and FTIR were used to validate the chemical structure of TixSiy oxide. The structural characteristics of TixSiy oxide were investigated using X-ray diffraction, XRF, Fe-SEM, diffraction particle size analysis, and nitrogen adsorption measurements. By applying X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained from synchrotron light sources, the qualitative characterization of the Ti-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti bonds in Ti-Si oxides was proposed.Some Si atoms in the SiO2 network were replaced by Ti atoms, suggesting that Si-O-Ti bonds were formed as a result of the synthesis accomplished using the sol–gel technique described in this article. Upon increasing the pH to alkaline conditions (pH 9.0 and 10.0), the nanoparticles acquired a more spherical shape, and their size distribution became more uniform, resulting in an acceptable nanostructure. TixSiy oxide nanoparticles were largely spherical in shape, and agglomeration was minimized. However, the Ti50Si50 oxide particles at pH 10.0 become nano-sized and agglomerated. The presence of a significant pre-edge feature in the spectra of Ti50Si50 oxide samples implied that a higher fraction of Ti atoms occupied tetrahedral symmetry locations, as predicted in samples where Ti directly substituted Si. The proportion of Ti atoms in a tetrahedral environment agreed with the value of 1.83 given for the Ti-O bond distance in TixSiy oxides produced at pH 9.0 using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Photocatalysis was improved by adding 3% wt TiO2, SiO2, and TixSiy oxide to the PLA film matrix. TiO2 was more effective than Ti50Si50 pH 9.0, Ti50Si50 pH 10.0, Ti50Si50 pH 8.0, and SiO2 in degrading methylene blue (MB). The most effective method to degrade MB was TiO2> Ti70Si30 > Ti50Si50> Ti40Si60 > SiO2. Under these conditions, PLA/ Ti70Si30 improved the effectiveness of the photocatalytic activity of PLA.
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Ramanavicius, Simonas, Arunas Jagminas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Gas Sensors Based on Titanium Oxides (Review)." Coatings 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050699.

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Nanostructured titanium compounds have recently been applied in the design of gas sensors. Among titanium compounds, titanium oxides (TiO2) are the most frequently used in gas sensing devices. Therefore, in this review, we are paying significant attention to the variety of allotropic modifications of titanium oxides, which include anatase, rutile, brukite. Very recently, the applicability of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x)-based layers for the design of gas sensors was demonstrated. For this reason, in this review, we are addressing some research related to the formation of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x) and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers suitable for sensor design. The most promising titanium compounds and hetero- and nano-structures based on these compounds are discussed. It is also outlined that during the past decade, many new strategies for the synthesis of TiO2 and conducting polymer-based composite materials were developed, which have found some specific application areas. Therefore, in this review, we are highlighting how specific formation methods, which can be used for the formation of TiO2 and conducting polymer composites, can be applied to tune composite characteristics that are leading towards advanced applications in these specific technological fields. The possibility to tune the sensitivity and selectivity of titanium compound-based sensing layers is addressed. In this review, some other recent reviews related to the development of sensors based on titanium oxides are overviewed. Some designs of titanium-based nanomaterials used for the development of sensors are outlined.
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Jeong, Sang-Hun, Yeong-Joon Park, Bong-Soo Kim, and Ho-Jun Song. "Effects of Oxygen Content on Bioactivity of Titanium Oxide Films Fabricated on Titanium by Electron Beam Evaporation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.043.

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The titanium oxide films were fabricated on titanium metal by e-beam deposition technique in various oxygen partial pressures in order to investigate the effects of oxygen content in titanium oxide film on the bioactivity of titanium implant. The nano-sized titanium oxide particles were observed on the surface of specimens. Raman spectra showed that titanium oxide films deposited by e-beam evaporator had oxygen deficient TiO2 structure. The oxygen content in oxide films was calculated from the high resolution XPS spectra of Ti 2p. The densities of HA particles formed on the sample surfaces after immersion test in SBF became higher as the contents of oxygen in titanium oxide films increased. We concluded that the degree of hydroxyl group formation in SBF depended on the stoichiometry of TiO2, which enhanced the bioactivity of titanium.
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Khabas, Tamara, Ekaterina Kulinich, Victor Merkulov, Сhristoph Roesli, and Mihail Martusevich. "Development of Radioactive Sources on the Basis of Bioinert Ceramic Materials for Medical Applications and their Pre-Clinical Testing." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.286.

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In this article, both the composition and composite properties of radioactive sources for medical applications are worked out and studied. The bases of these sources are bioinert ceramic solids and radionuclides. The active source is constituted from dispersed radioactive yttriа oxide or strontium oxide monolithically encapsulated with bioinert glass flux. The thermal expansion properties of the analyzed composites are highly similar to the ones of both titanium metal and titanum alloys. Therefore, the developed radioactive sources can be mounted on titanium holder. Importantly, all utilized elements and alloys are already applied in medicine. In this article we demonstrate the use of a radioactive β-source placed on a titanium holder. The device is finally applied in a oncological model disease treatment.
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MIKHAILOVSKAYA, T. P., R. KURMAKYZY, D. K. TOLEMISOVA, and K. A. KADIRBEKOV. "OXIDATIVE AMMONOLYSIS OF 4-METHYLPYRIDINE ON OXIDE VANADIUM-TITANIUM-ZIRCONIUM CATALYST MODIFIED BY TIN AND TUNGSTEN OXIDES." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.21.

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Catalysts based on vanadium pentoxide modified by Ti, Sn, Zr and W oxides were tested in the oxidative ammonolysis of 4-methylpyridine. The role of the main process parameters such as temperature, the ratio of the initial components in the conversion of the methyl group to the nitrile one, and the optimal conditions for the oxidative ammonolysis of 4-methylpyridine were determined. It is determined that the V-Ti-Zr-O-catalyst and the sample containing 9% of tungsten oxide are superior in catalytic activity to the V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O contact. Conditions that ensure a high selectivity for the formation of 4-cyanopyridine were found. The highest yield of the target product (85-86%) was obtained on V-Ti-Zr-W-O at 270 °C, and the yield of 4-cyanopyridine was 87.5% at 310° C on the V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O catalyst. The phase composition and structural changes occurring in modified vanadium oxide catalysts have been studied. It is determined that mixed V-Ti-Zr-Sn-O and V-Ti-Zr-W-O catalysts contain ZrV2O7, the monoclinic modification of ZrO2 (baddeleyite), TiO2 (anatase), SnO2, WO3, and V2O5. In catalysts, it can exist in small amounts as a separate VO2 phase. The V-Ti-Zr-W-O catalyst showed the best catalytic properties. It has highactivity and selectivity towards 4-cyanopyridine.
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35

Lorenz, Bernd, Arnold M. Guloy, and Paul C. W. Chu. "Superconductivity in titanium-based pnictide oxide compounds." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 19 (June 12, 2014): 1430011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214300114.

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Superconductivity in a novel class of layered materials, Ti -based pnictide oxides, was recently discovered. These compounds have attracted interest since they combine features of copper oxide and iron pnictide superconductors. Here the transition metal (titanium) forms two-dimensional Ti 2 O layers (anti structure to the CuO 2 planes), capped by pnictogen ions (similar to Fe 2 As 2 layers). The pnictide oxide compounds show a spin or charge density wave phase which coexists with superconductivity in some members of the family. Unlike the cuprates, but similar to iron pnictides, the parent compounds of pnictide oxides are metals with specific nesting properties of the Fermi surface which leads to the density wave instability. The nature of the superconductivity, coexisting with the density wave order, and the possible competition or mutual interaction between both states is one of the central questions of recent studies. This short review summarizes the current knowledge from an experimental as well as theoretical point of view and discusses some of the open questions and possible future developments.
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36

Булярский, С. В., Г. Г. Гусаров, А. А. Дудин, Д. А. Коива, and К. И. Литвинова. "Диагностика технологии оксидов титана и гафния методами люминесценции." Оптика и спектроскопия 131, no. 1 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2023.01.54533.4086-22.

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The article shows the role of oxygen vacancies in the formation of luminescence bands of titanium and hafnium oxides, and also demonstrates the relationship between the intensity of luminescence bands and the conditions for the synthesis of films of these materials. It is concluded that photoluminescence is a very sensitive method for diagnosing the composition of oxides. Luminescence bands at 2.45 eV in titanium oxide and 2.91 eV in hafnium oxide make it possible to analyze the change in the film composition under various technological conditions of their production.
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37

*А. Zh. Zhumabekov1. ""The influence of graphene oxide on the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite material"." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Physics & Mathematics series, no. 2.2023 (May 31, 2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/uxbi7290.

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"In this paper, is investigated the photocatalytic activity of a nanocomposite material based on titanium and graphene oxides. The sample was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. The photoactalytic activity of nanocomposites was studied by the transient responce of the photoinduced current. Charge transfer resistances were also investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Identification of nanocomposite materials was carried out using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. This combination shows that there is a connection between the original components. Raman spectroscopy shows that the peaks obtained are characteristic of both titanium dioxide and graphene oxide. At the same time, the ID/IG ratio shows the reduction of graphene oxide during hydrothermal synthesis. And FTIR spectroscopy shows that there is a Ti-O-C bond below the 1000 cm-1 mode. The absorption ability also affects the increase in the photocurrent of the nanocomposite material. Absorption spectra show a shift to the long-wavelength region of light due to the transparency of graphene oxide in the visible region. The concentration of graphene oxide plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of the nanocomposite material. In this work, the concentration of the graphene oxide is equal to 7 wt% with respect to titanium dioxide. Keywords: nanocomposite material, titanium dioxide, graphene oxide, hydrothermal synthesis, photocatalytic activity."
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38

Kapelyushin, Yu, V. Roshchin, and A. Roshchin. "Beneficiation of Vanadium and Titanium Oxides by Using Selective Extraction of Iron in Low-Titanium Magnetite Concentrate." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.913.

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Issues with existing vanadium beneficiation stimulate the development of new technologies for wasteless production of vanadium. The present work investigates a possibility of beneficiation of vanadium and titanium oxides in a low-titanium magnetite concentrate by using selective reduction and extraction of iron. Iron was selectively reduced by coal without melting and separated from the oxide (slag) phase during further smelting operation. After the liquid-phase separation vanadium and titanium oxides were accumulated in a slag phase. The following products were produced: slag, containing vanadium and titanium oxides, and iron with relatively low carbon content. The content of vanadium and titanium in a final product has increased in comparison to the initial concentrate.
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39

Yajima, Takeshi. "Titanium Pnictide Oxide Superconductors." Condensed Matter 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010004.

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40

Bareiß, M., D. Kälblein, C. Jirauschek, A. Exner, I. Pavlichenko, B. Lotsch, U. Zschieschang, et al. "Ultra-thin titanium oxide." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 8 (August 20, 2012): 083113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745651.

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41

Saraswat, I. P., S. K. Srivastava, G. Bhattacharjee, and Sharadanand. "Characterization of pure titanium oxide and mixed titanium-iron oxide hydrate gels." Journal of Materials Science Letters 5, no. 8 (August 1986): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01730095.

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42

Snel, M. D., F. Snijkers, J. Luyten, A. Kodentsov, and G. de With. "Tape casting and reaction sintering of titanium–titanium oxide–nickel oxide mixtures." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28, no. 6 (January 2008): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.11.001.

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43

Ohtsuka, Toshiaki. "Growth of passive oxide films on iron and titanium under non-stationary state." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0051.

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AbstractGrowth of passive oxides on iron and titanium under the non-stationary state was studied during constant current density (CD) oxidation and potential sweep oxidation. Increase and decrease of the thickness of the passive oxide film were determined from the relation between dissolution and growth CDs. By using rotating Fe disc-Pt ring electrode, the CDs of the dissolution from the oxide to solution and the growth of the passive oxide on iron were simultaneously measured. From the ratio of the growth CD to the dissolution CD and the pH dependence of the growth CD, a possible mechanism was discussed. Next, the growth of passive oxides on iron in pH 8.4 borate solution and on titanium in 0.1 m sulfuric acid solution during the potential sweep oxidation was examined by using three-parameter ellipsometry. Oxide growth was initially delayed when the sweep in the positive direction was started, and then the oxide film linearly grew with the potential increase. It was found that the oxide growth rate influenced the properties of the oxide film. The electric field in the oxide film during the non-stationary growth was discussed, concerned with the CD of the oxide film formation.
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44

Yue, Chaoyang, Michel L. Trudeau, and David Antonelli. "Mesoporous tantalum oxide photocatalysts for Schrauzer-type conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-018.

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Mesoporous tantalum oxide, Fe3+-doped mesoporous tantalum oxide, and bis(toluene) titanium reduced mesoporous tantalum oxide were used for the first time as Schrauzer-type photocatalysts for the conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia. The materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, and nitrogen absorption before and after catalytic runs. The results showed low to moderate activities depending on the composition. In contrast to previously studied Ti catalysts, Fe doping and heat pretreatment were not prerequisites for photocatalytic activity, but did improve the turnover rates by up to a factor of two. The optimal Fe loading for the tantalum oxides was found to be 1 wt% and the optimal heating condition at 300 °C for 3 h. Increased surface area and heat treatment were also found to improve activities. Contrary to our expectations, reduction of the mesostructure with bis(toluene) titanium had little effect on the catalytic activity. In spite of the dramatically higher surface areas of the mesoporous tantalum oxides as compared with bulk titanias used previously in this process, the overall catalytic activities were still less than those obtained in the Schrauzer system. This suggests that the increase in diffusion and surface area offered by the mesoporous structure is offset by the smaller crystalline domain sizes in the walls of the structure, leading to poor electron-hole separation and a reduction in catalytic efficiency. Key words: mesoporous, Schrauzer, ammonia, photocatalysis, tantalum oxide.
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45

Almaieli, Latifah Mohammed Ali, Mai M. Khalaf, Mohamed Gouda, Sultan Alhayyani, Manal F. Abou Taleb, and Hany M. Abd El-Lateef. "Titanium Dioxide/Chromium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Doped into Cellulose Acetate for Medical Applications." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030485.

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Wound dressings have been designed based on cellulose acetate encapsulated with different concentrations of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) with/without graphene oxide (GO). This study comprises the structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and biological behavior of chromium oxide/titanium dioxide/graphene oxide-integrated cellulose acetate (CA) films. The CA-based film bond formation was introduced by functional group analysis via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The fabricated Cr2O3/TiO2/GO@CA film SEM micrographs demonstrate transition metal oxides Cr2O3 and TiO2 on a nano-scale. The TiO2@CA shows the lowest contact angle with 30°. Optically, the refractive index increases from 1.76 for CA to 2.14 for the TiO2@CA film. Moreover, normal lung cells (A138) growth examination in a function of Cr2O3/TiO2/GO@CA film concentration is conducted, introducing 93.46% with the usage of 4.9 µg/mL. The resulting data showed a promising wound-healing behavior of the CA-based films.
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46

Santiago-Medina, P., P. A. Sundaram, and N. Diffoot-Carlo. "Titanium Oxide: A Bioactive Factor in Osteoblast Differentiation." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/357653.

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Titanium and titanium alloys are currently accepted as the gold standard in dental applications. Their excellent biocompatibility has been attributed to the inert titanium surface through the formation of a thin native oxide which has been correlated to the excellent corrosion resistance of this material in body fluids. Whether this titanium oxide layer is essential to the outstanding biocompatibility of titanium surfaces in orthopedic biomaterial applications is still a moot point. To study this critical aspect further, human fetal osteoblasts were cultured on thermally oxidized and microarc oxidized (MAO) surfaces and cell differentiation, a key indicator in bone tissue growth, was quantified by measuring the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using a commercial assay kit. Cell attachment was similar on all the oxidized surfaces although ALP expression was highest on the oxidized titanium alloy surfaces. Untreated titanium alloy surfaces showed a distinctly lower degree of ALP activity. This indicates that titanium oxide clearly upregulates ALP expression in human fetal osteoblasts and may be a key bioactive factor that causes the excellent biocompatibility of titanium alloys. This result may make it imperative to incorporate titanium oxide in all hard tissue applications involving titanium and other alloys.
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47

Guo, Siyuan, Zhicheng Xu, Wenyu Hu, Duowen Yang, Xue Wang, Hao Xu, Xing Xu, Zhi Long, and Wei Yan. "Progress in Preparation and Application of Titanium Sub-Oxides Electrode in Electrocatalytic Degradation for Wastewater Treatment." Catalysts 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060618.

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To achieve low-carbon and sustainable development it is imperative to explore water treatment technologies in a carbon-neutral model. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and no secondary pollution, electrocatalytic oxidation technology has attracted increasing attention in tackling the challenges of organic wastewater treatment. The performance of an electrocatalytic oxidation system depends mainly on the properties of electrodes materials. Compared with the instability of graphite electrodes, the high expenditure of noble metal electrodes and boron-doped diamond electrodes, and the hidden dangers of titanium-based metal oxide electrodes, a titanium sub-oxide material has been characterized as an ideal choice of anode material due to its unique crystal and electronic structure, including high conductivity, decent catalytic activity, intense physical and chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost, and long service life, etc. This paper systematically reviews the electrode preparation technology of Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxide and its research progress in the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment of organic wastewater in recent years, with technical difficulties highlighted. Future research directions are further proposed in process optimization, material modification, and application expansion. It is worth noting that Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides have played very important roles in organic degradation. There is no doubt that titanium sub-oxides will become indispensable materials in the future.
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48

Guo, Siyuan, Zhicheng Xu, Wenyu Hu, Duowen Yang, Xue Wang, Hao Xu, Xing Xu, Zhi Long, and Wei Yan. "Progress in Preparation and Application of Titanium Sub-Oxides Electrode in Electrocatalytic Degradation for Wastewater Treatment." Catalysts 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060618.

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To achieve low-carbon and sustainable development it is imperative to explore water treatment technologies in a carbon-neutral model. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and no secondary pollution, electrocatalytic oxidation technology has attracted increasing attention in tackling the challenges of organic wastewater treatment. The performance of an electrocatalytic oxidation system depends mainly on the properties of electrodes materials. Compared with the instability of graphite electrodes, the high expenditure of noble metal electrodes and boron-doped diamond electrodes, and the hidden dangers of titanium-based metal oxide electrodes, a titanium sub-oxide material has been characterized as an ideal choice of anode material due to its unique crystal and electronic structure, including high conductivity, decent catalytic activity, intense physical and chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost, and long service life, etc. This paper systematically reviews the electrode preparation technology of Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxide and its research progress in the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment of organic wastewater in recent years, with technical difficulties highlighted. Future research directions are further proposed in process optimization, material modification, and application expansion. It is worth noting that Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides have played very important roles in organic degradation. There is no doubt that titanium sub-oxides will become indispensable materials in the future.
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49

Vakhula, Yaroslav, Khristina Besaga, Iryna Lutsyuk, and Maria Dobrotvorska. "Structural Investigations of Titanium(IV) Oxide Powder Doped with Sulphur." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.03.255.

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50

Canepa, Paolo, Danijela Gregurec, Nara Liessi, Silvia Maria Cristina Rotondi, Sergio Enrique Moya, Enrico Millo, Maurizio Canepa, and Ornella Cavalleri. "Biofunctionalization of Porous Titanium Oxide through Amino Acid Coupling for Biomaterial Design." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020784.

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Porous transition metal oxides are widely studied as biocompatible materials for the development of prosthetic implants. Resurfacing the oxide to improve the antibacterial properties of the material is still an open issue, as infections remain a major cause of implant failure. We investigated the functionalization of porous titanium oxide obtained by anodic oxidation with amino acids (Leucine) as a first step to couple antimicrobial peptides to the oxide surface. We adopted a two-step molecular deposition process as follows: self-assembly of aminophosphonates to titanium oxide followed by covalent coupling of Fmoc-Leucine to aminophosphonates. Molecular deposition was investigated step-by-step by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). Since the inherent high roughness of porous titanium hampers the analysis of molecular orientation on the surface, we resorted to parallel experiments on flat titanium oxide thin films. AFM nanoshaving experiments on aminophosphonates deposited on flat TiO2 indicate the formation of an aminophosphonate monolayer while angle-resolved XPS analysis gives evidence of the formation of an oriented monolayer exposing the amine groups. The availability of the amine groups at the outer interface of the monolayer was confirmed on both flat and porous substrates by the following successful coupling with Fmoc-Leucine, as indicated by high-resolution XPS analysis.
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