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1
O’Hair, S. K. "Cassava Root Starch Content and Distribution Varies with Tissue Age." HortScience 24, no. 3 (June 1989): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.505.
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Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta L. Crantz) plants of ‘CMC-40’ and ‘CMC-92’ were grown over a 3-year period with annual harvests at the end of each growing season. Root tissues were divided into peel (secondary phloem with the thin cork tissue layer removed) and up to three parenchymatous tissue age groups. Up to 40% of the starch concentration can be deposited in root parenchymatous tissue. Root starch is permanently removed from parenchymatous tissue of older roots, probably in association with new foliage growth at the start of a new growing season. As a result of periods of little or no growth, visible annual growth rings develop in the root, separating each season’s major root enlargement periods. Genetic differences in starch content were noted among the tissues between ‘CMC-40’ and ‘CMC-92’. However, both demonstrated similar loss of starch from older tissue.
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Bernardino-Nicanor, Aurea, José Montañez-Soto, Eloy Conde-Barajas, María Negrete-Rodríguez, Gerardo Teniente-Martínez, Enaim Vargas-León, José Juárez-Goiz, Gerardo Acosta-García, and Leopoldo González-Cruz. "Spectroscopic and Structural Analyses of Opuntia Robusta Mucilage and Its Potential as an Edible Coating." Coatings 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120466.
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Mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous and chlorenchymatous tissues of Opuntia robusta were obtained using water or ethanol as the extraction solvent. The changes in the different tissues by using different extraction solvents were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy; in addition, the effect of mucilage coating on the various quality characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) was evaluated. The SEM results showed that the mucilage extracted from the parenchyma had a higher aggregation level that the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchyma. The presence of three characteristic bands of pectic substances in the FT-IR spectra between 1050 and 1120 cm−1 indicated that the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue had a higher content of pectic compounds than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. It was also observed in the Raman spectra that the level of pectic substances in the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous was higher than that in the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. The mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue was more effective as an edible coating than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. Tomatoes covered with mucilage showed significantly enhanced firmness and reduced weight loss. The uncoated tomatoes showed higher lycopene content than the coated tomatoes on the 21st day. This study showed that the Opuntia robusta tissue and extraction solvent influence mucilage characteristics and that Opuntia robusta mucilage is a promising edible coating.
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Brooks, Scott E., and Joseph D. Shorthouse. "Developmental morphology of stem galls of Diplolepis nodulosa (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and those modified by the inquiline Periclistus pirata (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa blanda (Rosaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-001.
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Diplolepis nodulosa (Beutenmüller) induces small, single-chambered, prosoplasmic galls in stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Gall initiation begins when adult females deposit a single egg into the procambium of R. blanda buds. Pith cells at the distal pole of the egg lyse forming a chamber into which the hatching larva enters. Cells lining the chamber differentiate into nutritive cells, which serve as the larval food. Gall growth is characterized by the proliferation of parenchymatous nutritive cells causing gall enlargement. A separate gall vasculature does not form, but instead, gall tissues are irrigated by the existing stem vasculature. Maturation begins when gall tissues cease proliferating and differentiate into distinct layers concentrically arranged around the larval chamber. The innermost layer is composed of cytoplasmically dense nutritive tissue, followed by parenchymatous nutritive tissue, sclerenchyma, cortex, and epidermis. Parenchymatous nutritive tissue differentiates into nutritive tissue and is consumed by the larva. Galls of D. nodulosa are susceptible to anatomical modification by the phytophagous inquiline Periclistus pirata (Osten Sacken). Galls attacked by P. pirata become enlarged and multichambered, with little resemblance to inducer-inhabited galls. Periclistus pirata kill the larva of D. nodulosa at oviposition and deposit several eggs per host gall. Inquiline-occupied galls may contain the eggs of several females. Nutritive tissue induced by D. nodulosa disintegrates. Growth of attacked galls occurs prior to hatching of P. pirata eggs. At egg hatch, the gall appears as an enlarged hollow sphere and larvae disperse over the chamber surface and feed on parenchymatous tissue. Feeding induces tissue proliferation, which surrounds each larva within its own chamber. As galls mature, cells surrounding each larval chamber lignify forming a sclerenchyma sheath. Cells inside the sclerenchyma sheath differentiate into nutritive cells and are consumed by the inquiline larvae.Key words: Rosa, Cynipidae, gall, developmental morphology, inquiline.
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Rothwell, Gar W., and Donald A. Eggert. "A monograph of Dolerotheca Halle, and related complex permineralised medullosan pollen organs." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, no. 1 (1986): 47–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300099995.
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ABSTRACTNumerous permineralised, complex medullosan pollen organs are described from Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian sediments of North America. Together with a reinvestigation of type specimens for the previously described species, these provide the basis for fully characterising internal structure and external morphology, and for recognising structural homologies among all medullosan synangia. All medullosan pollen organs, simple and complex, can be interpreted as consisting of sporangial tubes that are embedded in parenchymatous and sclerenchymatous ground tissue, and that have vascular bundles within the parenchymatous tissue. The sporangial tubes are arranged in a single series, usually a ring, with parenchymatous ground tissues and vascular bundles to the outside of the ring and sclerenchymatous ground tissue to the inside of the ring. In the larger, complex forms the ring is plicately folded and there may be a centrally-placed hollow in the distal surface. Differences in morphology, in the folding pattern of the rings, in the structure (or absence) of a distal hollow, and in architecture of the major vascular system are employed to delimit genera. Size and shape of the organ, histological features, numbers of sporangia, and presence or absence of lacunae are used to delineate species. Currently recognised genera are Dolerotheca Halle, Sullitheca Stidd et al., Stewartiotheca Eggert and Rothwell, and Bernaultia gen. nov.
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SANDERS, William B., and Asunción DE LOS RíOS. "Structural evidence of diffuse growth and parenchymatous cell division in the cortex of the umbilicate lichen Lasallia pustulata." Lichenologist 50, no. 5 (September 2018): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282918000336.
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AbstractHow growth is distributed within the morphologically diverse thalli of lichens is still poorly known and the anatomical mechanisms involved are not well understood. This work applies electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) to examine cell- and tissue-level events in the umbilicate thallus of Lasallia pustulata, whose pattern of expansion was the subject of a previous field study. Stacks of epinecral tissue accumulating at the thallus surface showed broadening bases and recurring rupture attributable to diffuse expansion of the living tissue below. Cortical cells, dividing anticlinally, adjoined septa to previous septa, indicating parenchymatous divisions. These observations are all consistent with previous contentions that mature, organized tissues within the thallus are capable of continued diffuse growth. They provide a developmental explanation for the morphology of the epinecral layer and suggest that anatomical characteristics may be helpful in recognizing diffuse growth patterns. Parenchymatous cell divisions, believed until recently to never occur in lichen thallus tissues, are shown to play a developmental role in the diffuse growth of the umbilicate lichen thallus.
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Amissah, J. Naalamle, Dominick J. Paolillo, and Nina Bassuk. "Adventitious Root Formation in Stem Cuttings of Quercus bicolor and Quercus macrocarpa and Its Relationship to Stem Anatomy." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 4 (July 2008): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.4.479.
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This study investigated the relationship of stem anatomy to differences in rooting ability between Quercus bicolor Wild. and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. cuttings. Quercus bicolor cuttings were found to have a significantly greater proportion of parenchymatous gaps in the sclerenchyma sheath over a 9-week period compared with Q. macrocarpa cuttings. In Q. macrocarpa, the percentage gap was generally low, coinciding with the low percentage rooting observed in this species. Percentage rooting correlated well (r2 = 0.75) with the percentage parenchymatous gap in the perivascular region of Q. bicolor cuttings. The problems with accepting this relationship as causal are stated in the discussion. Untreated cuttings showed normal stem organization: a dermal tissue system that included the initial stages of phellem formation, a cortex, and a ring of closely arranged vascular bundles in early stages of secondary growth. The locations of the five distinct lobes of the pith were coordinated with the locations of root primordia. Callus growth was first detected in the cortex (i.e., external to the fiber bundles), followed by proliferation within the phloem, opposite the lobes of the pith, 8 to 12 days after cuttings were treated with indole butyric acid (6000 mg·L−1 dissolved in 50% v/v ethanol in water). By 14 to 16 days, root primordia had developed within the proliferative tissue in the secondary phloem. In both species, root primordia penetrated parenchymatous gaps in the fiber sheath directly, the fiber bundles being displaced laterally as the roots increased in size.
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Jaumień, Franciszka. "Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Cornice'. II. Influence of growth inhibition on the anatomical structure of the stem." Acta Agrobotanica 36, no. 1-2 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1983.009.
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Differentiation of the particular tissues in shoots inhibited in growth by chlormequat occurs differently than in vigorously growing ones. After the end of elongation growth, in the subapical part of shoots sprayed with chlormequat the cortex extends and secondary xylem develops less intensively, this leading to an increased participation of parenchymatous tissue in the stem.
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TSUNO, Kazunori, and Satoshi WAKIMOTO. "Ultrastructural changes in the interactions between rice leaf parenchymatous tissue and incompatible bacteria." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 52, no. 4 (1986): 709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.52.709.
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Wilder, George J. "Anatomy of first-order roots in the Cyclanthaceae (Monocotyledoneae). II. Stele (excluding pericycle)." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2848–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-377.
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Xylem always develops within xylem fascicles, and the phloem either comprises phloem fascicles or is dispersed. Xylem and phloem fascicles may be encircled by a sheath of cells different from cells of the interfascicular tissue. The interfascicular tissue is either homogeneous, i.e., consisting of fibers, or heterogeneous, i.e., formed of fiber aggregates and a parenchymatous and (or) sclerenchymatous intrusive network. This network is interpreted as modified pith. A true pith is often present, and four kinds of true pith are recognized.
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Evans, Rodger C., and Sam P. Vander Kloet. "Comparative analysis of hypocotyl development in epiphytic, lignotuber-forming, and terrestrial Vaccinieae (Ericaceae)." Botany 88, no. 6 (June 2010): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-031.
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A comparative analysis of hypocotyl development was undertaken with seedlings of three Vaccinieae (Ericaceae) species ( Macleania pentaptera Hoerold, Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C. Sm., and Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) to determine the developmental basis for enlarged hypocotyls leading to the development of woody tubers (lignotubers) in M. pentaptera and M. rupestris. Differences in hypocotyl development are apparent after the first true leaves are visible in each species. Vascular tissue in M. rupestris and V. angustifolium is composed primarily of axial columns of secondary xylem. Secondary xylem tissues in M. pentaptera remain mostly parenchymatous and form radial columns of cells through numerous periclinal divisions. Furthermore, the secondary xylem of M. pentaptera comprises random networks of interconnected, small xylem elements in comparison with the secondary xylem of M. rupestris and V. angustifolium. These differences in hypocotyl development persist through the first 200 d of hypocotyl development, and ultimately lead to the development of a large lignotuber in M. pentaptera. Given the large amounts of parenchymatous tissue, a secondary xylem of relatively short secondary xylem elements, and the absence of adventitious buds, we propose that the lignotubers of M. pentaptera are used for short term water storage, rather than regeneration.
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Valous, N. A., A. Delgado, K. Drakakis, and D. W. Sun. "Spatial organization and correlation properties quantify structural changes on mesoscale of parenchymatous plant tissue." Journal of Applied Physics 115, no. 6 (February 14, 2014): 064901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4862641.
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Krüger, H., A. Viljoen, and P. S. Van Wyk. "Histopathology of Albugo tragopogonis on stems and petioles of sunflower." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-016.
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Stem lesions in sunflower caused by Albugo tragopogonis (Pers.) S.F. Gray developed individually from primary infections and did not result from a systemic infection. Cell division and callose formation were not observed, but weak lignin deposition occurred in infected tissues. Hyphae occurred intercellularly in stems in the cortex, cambium, vascular rays, and pith. In petioles parenchymatous tissue was heavily colonized in contrast to lightly colonized collenchymatous hypodermis. The middle lamellae of cells in infected tissue were dissolved, and cells degenerated and eventually collapsed. Stem infections lead to deterioration of tissue integrity, weakening of stems, and finally to lodging of stems (breaking over).Key words: Albugo tragopogonis, Helianthus annuus, histopathology, stem lodging.
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Smirnov, I., B. Nasibullin, and S. Gushcha. "Assessment of the state of synergies between the structural and functional characteristics of the kidneys and liver during external use of a seaweed product Laminaria algae." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 52 (January 31, 2024): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.52.108.
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The authors conducted studies to study the relationship between the functional activity of the kidneys, the detoxification activity of the liver and the structural features of the parenchymatous tissue of these organs under normal conditions and with external use of the laminar algae product “Lamidan”. The work was performed on 164 white outbred Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. The work was carried out in accordance with current standards for working with laboratory animals. The results of many years of research have shown that normally the indicators of detoxification activity of the liver and functional activity of the kidneys practically do not change, and they correspond to the structural organization of the parenchymatous tissue of these organs, corresponding to the descriptions given in well-known manuals on the activities of these organs. The use of "Lamidan" activates the detoxification function of the liver by 28 % and the functional activity of the kidneys by 28.5 %, i.e. changes are unidirectional and proportionate. In the parenchyma of both organs, changes in the structural organization are recorded, characteristic of an increase in functional activity. Thus, there is a strictly interrelated set of stereotypical changes in the indices of the two organs under study, reflecting between the organs interrelations of functional systems.
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Valikhnovska, K. G. "Impact of the resection method on the structure–functional changes in pancreatic gland." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 85, no. 7 (September 5, 2018): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2018.07.75.
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Objective. To compare the changes in pancreatic tissues after еxperimental operative interventions, performed, using standard surgical technique and electric welding.
Маterials and methods. In experimental conditions a pancreatic resection was performed on laboratory animals – white rats, using standard surgical technique and electrocoagulator «Patommed ЕКVZ-300» in a welding regime. Pancreatic tissue was investigated immediately and in 3, 7 and 21 days after the operation.
Results. After resection, performed using standard surgical procedure, alternative changes have occurred, which were accompanied by circulatory disorders around foci of destruction in pancreatocytes, and the process progressing in a cascade-like character with formation of the colliquative necrosis foci. Partial restoration of functional state of parenchymatous cells with moderate reduction of a stromal signs of inflammation and microvascular reaction were observed on the 21-st day.
In the resection zone immediately after the electric welding conduction the tissue have had condensed due to the liquid compression and evaporation. But, on the 3-d and 7-th day a square of a necrotic parenchymatous damage due to thermal affection was lesser, then after application of a standard technique. The coagulation necrosis area, created as a result of a thermal impact, had reduced in size due to restoration by connective tissue and resorption by macrophages.
Conclusion. After applying of a standard surgical technique in early terms a more expressed inflammation have had occurred with a neutrophil infiltration predominance and more volume of a newly created connective tissue grown, than after electric welding, what might lead later to formation of cicatricial tissue in large volume. After the electric welding performance in a newly formatted tissue the ducts have evolved, what was not observed after usage of a standard surgical technique.
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Go, K. G., J. G. Ter Haar, L. de Ley, F. Zuiderveen, L. Parente, E. Solito, and W. M. Molenaar. "The Effect of Steroid Treatment on Lipocortin Immunoreactivity of Rat Brain." Mediators of Inflammation 3, no. 3 (1994): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0962935194000232.
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Lipocortin-1, lipocortin-2 and lipocortin-5 were immunohistochemically assessed in rats. Apart from animals receiving no treatment, other animals received pretreatment with methylprednisolone, or the 21-aminosteroid U-74389F. Whereas Hpocortin immunoreactivity was absent in the greater part of the brain in animals not pretreated with steroid (except in sporadic microglial cells and choroid plexus), there was obvious immunostaining of parenchymatous elements in steroid pretreated animals. In the steroid pretreated animals lipocortin immunoreactivity of the brain tissue may indicate local formation of lipocortin under the influence of steroids that had entered the tissue. The cellular elements which showed immunostaining included meningeal cells, neurones, ependyma, oligodendroglia and capillary endotheHum.
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Moskophidis, D., J. Löhler, and F. Lehmann-Grube. "Antiviral antibody-producing cells in parenchymatous organs during persistent virus infection." Journal of Experimental Medicine 165, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 705–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.165.3.705.
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In mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the parenchymatous organs contain infiltrates of mononuclear cells, the sizes and numbers of which vary between strains and become more numerous and extensive when the animals grow older. Histologically, these were found to possess a tissue-like structure, and by use of immunohistologic procedures they were shown to contain plasma cells secreting IgM and IgG. Cells of kidneys, livers, brains, and spleens of LCMV carrier mice were dispersed by digestion with trypsin, leukocytes were separated by density gradient centrifugation, and numbers of cells producing antibodies against LCMV were determined by use of a solid-phase immunoenzymatic technique. In all these organs, cells producing LCMV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were demonstrated, the latter more numerous than the former. Their numbers correlated with numbers and extent of the lymphoid cell infiltrates. The blood of the same mice was essentially free of antiviral antibody-forming cell. The proportion of cells producing LCMV-specific antibodies to all cells producing Ig of any specificity varied between organs, being lowest in spleen, intermediate in liver and kidney, and highest in the brain, where in individual mice up to 90% of all active cells produced virus-specific antibodies. The LCMV carrier mouse should prove to be a useful animal model to investigate antibody production in parenchymatous organs during persistent virus infections.
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Harker, F. Roger, Margaret G. H. Stec, Ian C. Hallett, and Carey L. Bennett. "Texture of parenchymatous plant tissue: a comparison between tensile and other instrumental and sensory measurements of tissue strength and juiciness." Postharvest Biology and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1997): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(97)00018-5.
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Olson, A. Randall. "Postpollination placental development of a diploid Solatium tuberosum." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-247.
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Gynoecial placentation of Solanum tuberosum L. is axile with each parenchymatous placenta covered with numerous ovules. Three days after pollination, mitotic activity in the placental surface and subjacent layers initiates tissue proliferations, which develop between the ovules. Continued cell division and subsequent cell enlargement result in expanded placental projections, which separate the developing seeds from one another and form an interface with the inner pericarp within 10 – 12 days after pollination. Eventually, the placenta fills the remaining ovarian locular space and embeds the seeds.
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Banerji, J., and B. N. Jana. "Petrified araucarian remains from Sonajori, Rajmahal Basin, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 52, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2003): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2003.1752.
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Permineralized araucarian ovulate and pollen cones are described here for the first time in close association from Early Cretaceous intertrappean rocks of the Sonajori Locality in the Rajmahal Basin, Jharkhand. These cones were found associated with woods and leafy shoots bearing spirally arranged falcate to oblanceolate leaves. The leaf, in longitudinal section shows epidermis followed by parenchymatous mesophyll and transfusion tissue. Ovulate cones, elliptical-spherical in shape, with spirally attached bracts and ovuliferous scales bearing mostly one and rarely two ovules/seeds per cone scale complex. Cone scale complex is characterised by the presence of "circa" (ligular sulcus). In one specimen, cross-section shows close association of numerous pollen grains with the cone scale complex of the cone indicating the preservation of cone at pollination stage. In another specimen, cross-section shows cone scale with oblong inverted ovule/seed, ovule integument/seed testa with three distinct layers, nucellus free except at chalazal end, shrunken at micropylar region and the presence of an embryonic tissue shows a post fertilisation stage of cone preservation. Anatomical features of these cones indicate various stages of cone maturity. The microsporangiate cone elongated in shape, in tangential view shows microsporophylls as well as circular-oval sporangia in cross-section. Transverse-sections of cone shows a central axis surrounded by numerous elongated narrow sporangia in longitudinal section and rhomboidal tip of the microsporophyll. The microsporophyll shows only parenchymatous tissue in sectional view of distal part: dispersed circular alete pollen grains are found associated with ovulate/seed cone and sterile shoots. Morphological and anatomical features of all the Indian species of araucarian cone described earlier are also critically assessed.
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Volodina, Viktoria, Natalia Karygina, Olga Popova, Elmira Popova, Mariia Grushko, and Nadezhda Fedorova. "The status of parenchymatous organs of the Caspian seal Phoca caspica under the conditions of toxicant accumulation." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0019.
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AbstractThe toxicological study conducted revealed high concentrations of hydrocarbons and highly toxic heavy metals in the liver and subcutaneous fat of the Caspian seal. The increased toxicant level in the fat, as compared to the liver, pointed to the disorder of organism purification processes, leading to chronic polytoxicosis and disorders of the histological structure of the internals. The studies of the morphofunctional state of the stomach of the Caspian pinnipeds revealed the following disorders: hemorrhages, edemata and necrosis of the mucous membrane, and replacement of glandular tissue with the connective tissue. The study of the small intestine of the seals identified the symptoms of catarrhal desquamatory enteritis. Epithelium dystrophy and desquamation were noted, in particular at the tops of the villi. Different types of colitis (acute, ulcerative, chronic) were found in the large intestine of the seals. Dystrophic and necrotic changes of hepatocytes were identified in the liver tissue, which pointed to the liver cell failure. The nature and extent of pathological changes in the internals and tissues of the studied animals point to the functional depression of the digestive system.
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Petiunin, O. H., V. V. Makarov, V. M. Feskov, K. M. Smolianyk, and Y. O. Shpytalna. "Quantitative morphometry of compensated liver cirrhosis can aid to predict the outcomes of surgical treatment." Modern Gastroenterology, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/mg-2024-1-43.
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Objective — to define quantitative morphometric characteristics of hepatic parenchyma lesions at compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC), which will allow more accurately to assess its functional reserves and predict the outcomes of surgical treatment. Materials and methods. Intraoperative marginal liver biopsy was performed for 74 patients with CLC, who underwent surgical treatment. Morphological examinations with quantitative morphometry of intraoperative liver biopsies were done with the use of cytological analyzer with software «Integral‑2MT» produced by the association «Kvant» (Kyiv). The connective tissue area (CTA), unchanged hepatocytes area (UHA), stromal‑parenchymatous ratio (SPR), the volume of hepatocytes in the state of necrosis and/or necrobiosis (VHSNN), the volume of hepatocytes in the state of division (VHSD) were determined. The statistical analysis was performed by use of Statistica 12 software package. Results. Three types of morphological pattern of CLC were isolated. Type I (type A) portal cirrhosis with weakly pronounced signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction (mono‑multilobular type, portal cirrhosis). The CTA was 66.73±1.71 mm2, SPR was 0.285±0.019, UHA was 234.13±11.5 mm2, VHSNN was 11.21±0.74%, VHSD was 10.23±0.57%. Type II cirrhosis (type B) — cirrhosis of mono‑multilobular type with moderately expressed signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction. The CTA was 126.69±12.5 mm2, SPR was 0.617±0.031, UHA was 205.34±13.8 mm2, VHSNN was 17.32±0.63%, VHSD was 15.43±0.48%. Type III cirrhosis (type C) — cirrhosis with pronounced signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction, more often of multilobular type. The CTA was 240.16±13.4 mm2, SPR was 1.344±0.089, UHA was 178.69±18.7 mm2, VHSNN was 23.97±0.75%, VHSD was 11.07±0.58%. Analysis of immediate results of surgical treatment demonstrated, that no one patient with A‑type CLC died, while 9.5% of patients with B‑type and 25.0% of patients with C‑type CLC died in the early postoperative period. Conclusions. Quantitative morphometry demonstrated that pathological changes in the liver at CLC are heterogeneous and can be categorized in to 3 types (A, B, C). Three types of morphological pattern at CLC, which were isolated, are characterized by significant differences in CTA, UHA, SPR, VHSNN, VHSD parameters. At transition of A‑type cirrhosis into C‑type, volume of hepatic parenchyma becomes to be decreased, while volume of connective tissue becomes to be increased. This is accompanied by decrease in UHA, increase in CTA, SPR and VHSNN. Surgical intervention in patients with type C morphological pattern of cirrhosis is associated with a high risk (25%) of poor outcome, which indicates the need to limitations for indications to elective surgical operations in this category of patients. Thus, quantitative morphometry of liver biopsies in CLC patients can aid to predict the outcomes of surgical treatment.
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Ba, Amadou Tidiane. "Structure et ultrastructure de l'haustorium du Striga hermonthica, une scrophulariacée parasite du mil (Pennisetum typhoides)." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 2111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-289.
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Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., (Scrophulariaceae) a parasite of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and Hubb.), is attached to its host roots by suckers (also called haustoria). The anatomy and ultrastructure of the haustoria described in this study, including the cytology of such haustorial features as intrusive cells, intertracheidal parenchymatous cells, axial vascular core, hyalin tissue, and radial vascular system. Investigations with both electron and fluorescence microscopy did not disclose the presence of phloem. This lack is considered to be a common feature of the haustoria of parasitic Scrophulariaceae.
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Kochieva, Marina Leonidovna. "A case of severe course of Sjögren's disease." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 8 (August 22, 2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2308-06.
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Sjögren's disease is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, a characteristic feature of which is a chronic autoimmune and lymphoproliferative process in the secreting epithelial glands with the development of parenchymatous sialadenitis with xerostomia and dry keratoconjunctivitis with hypolacrimia. Sjögren's syndrome is a lesion of the salivary and lacrimal glands similar to Sjögren's disease, which develops in 5-25% of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases, more often with rheumatoid arthritis, and in 50-75% of patients with chronic autoimmune liver damage (chronic autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis) and less often in other autoimmune diseases.
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Bernardino-Nicanor, Aurea, Pedro Mancera-Castro, María Eugenia Ramírez-Ortíz, Gerardo Acosta-García, and Leopoldo González-Cruz. "Quality of the parenchymatous tissue of Opuntia and its use in the development of set yogurt." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 24 (July 2021): 100344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100344.
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TSUNO, Kazunori, and Satoshi WAKIMOTO. "Ultrastructural changes in the early stages of interaction between rice leaf parenchymatous tissue and infiltrated bacteria." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 54, no. 1 (1988): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.54.32.
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Koroleva, Olga A., A. Deri Tomos, John Farrar, Peter Roberts, and Christopher J. Pollock. "Tissue distribution of primary metabolism between epidermal, mesophyll and parenchymatous bundle sheath cells in barley leaves." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 9 (2000): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99156.
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This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 In order to investigate the roles of different cell types, metabolite compartmentation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf tissue was mapped at the single-cell level, using single-cell sampling and analysis (SiCSA) techniques. The partitioning of recently fixed photoassimilate was investigated for the first time at single-cell resolution, using BAMS (biological accelerator mass spectroscopy) for precise measurement of 14C in femtomole quantities. The data obtained by BAMS qualitatively reflect concentrations of sugars in different cell types measured by SiCSA. Calculation of 14C-specific activities showed that the radioactive label saturated the mesophyll and parenchymatous bundle sheath (PBS) pools within the 45-min labelling period. During the photoperiod, sucrose concentration increased to 200 mM in mesophyll cells. The concentration of malate also increased during the photoperiod in mesophyll and PBS cells. Epidermal cells contained very low concentrations of sugar but high concentrations of malate (120–180 mM) and did not show significant diurnal changes. Accumulation of sugars and fructan synthesis could be induced in mesophyll and PBS cells by reduced export of sugars from leaves or, alternatively, when sugars were supplied from excised leaf blade bases immersed in a sucrose solution in the dark. The epidermis accumulated additional malate in step with the accumulation of sugar by the mesophyll/PBS cells during the long-term reduction of export. Immunolocalisation of Rubisco and cytochrome oxidase proteins was used to analyse the distribution of enzymes of photoassimilation and respiration between functionally different cells in mature leaves of barley.
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Wu, Li, Jinxiong Liu, Pucheng Chen, Yongping Jiang, Leilei Ding, Yuan Lin, Qimeng Li, Xijun He, Qiusheng Chen, and Hualan Chen. "The Sequential Tissue Distribution of Duck Tembusu Virus in Adult Ducks." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/703930.
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In 2010, a novel Tembusu virus (TMUV) that caused a severe decrease in the egg production of ducks was isolated in southeast China. Given the novelty of this duck pathogen, little information is available regarding its pathogenesis. Here, we systematically investigated the replication kinetics of TMUV PTD2010 in adult male and female ducks. We found that PTD2010 was detectable in most of the parenchymatous organs as well as the oviduct and intestinal tract from days 1 to 7 after inoculation. Viral titers were maintained at high levels for at least 9 days in the spleen, kidney, bursa of Fabricius, brain, and ovary. No virus was detected in any of these organs or tissues at 18 days after inoculation. PTD2010, thus, causes systemic infections in male and female ducks; its replication kinetics show similar patterns in most organs, with the exception of the ovaries and testes.
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Chen, Kai, and Lian Chun Long. "Analysis of the Effects of Fiber Gradient Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.13.
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Bamboo is a fiber-reinforced bio-composite with superior structural behavior. For the purpose of analyzing the correlations between the mechanical properties of bamboo and fiber volume fraction, tensile tests were performed on bamboo test specimen, and the corresponding volume fractions of fiber and parenchymatous ground tissue were measured. Linear and curvilinear regressions were done from tested data of elastic modulus, tensile strength and volume fractions of fiber. The results display that there is an obvious correlation between bamboo tensile properties and fiber volume fraction. In order to analyze the effects of fiber gradient distribution on bamboo structural behavior, models composed of fiber and parenchymatous tissue were built based on different fiber distribution for comparative analysis. The analysis results show that the maximum deformation of 4 layers model is 3.86% less than 1 layer model, and the maximum deformation of 8 layers model is 8.87% less than 4 layers model. In the part of maximum axial stress, the maximum axial stress of 4 layers model is 3.27% less than 1 layer model, and the maximum axial stress of 8 layers model is 8.90% less than 4 layers model. Conclusion can be drawn from the comparison that the strength and stiffness of the model appear to be growing with the degree of fiber gradient distribution deepening from 1 layer model to 4 layers model, and 4 layers model to 8 layers model.It can be concluded that the mechanical properties of bamboo structure are significantly improved because of fiber gradient distribution.
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Kavroulakis, Nektarios, Emanouil Flemetakis, Georgios Aivalakis, and Panagiotis Katinakis. "Carbon Metabolism in Developing Soybean Root Nodules: The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 1 (January 2000): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.1.14.
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A full-length cDNA clone encoding carbonic anhydrase (CA) was isolated from a soybean nodule cDNA library. In situ hybridization and immunolocalization were performed in order to assess the location of CA transcripts and protein in developing soybean nodules. CA transcripts and protein were present at high levels in all cell types of young nodules, whereas in mature nodules they were absent from the central tissue and were concentrated in cortical cells. The results suggested that, in the earlier stages of nodule development, CA might facilitate the recycling of CO2 while at later stages it may facilitate the diffusion of CO2 out of the nodule system. In parallel, sucrose metabolism was investigated by examination of the temporal and spatial transcript accumulation of sucrose synthase (SS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) genes, with in situ hybridization. In young nodules, high levels of SS gene transcripts were found in the central tissue as well as in the parenchymateous cells and the vascular bundles, while in mature nodules the levels of SS gene transcripts were much lower, with the majority of the transcripts located in the parenchyma and the pericycle cells of the vascular bundles. High levels of expression of PEPC gene transcripts were found in mature nodules, in almost all cell types, while in young nodules lower levels of transcripts were detected, with the majority of them located in parenchymateous cells as well as in the vascular bundles. These data suggest that breakdown of sucrose may take place in different sites during nodule development.
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Siti Maryam, Ni Kadek Alit Arsani, and Sartika Tangguda. "Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) skin extract reduced levels of SGPT and SGOT and improved the liver tissue structure of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-cholesterol diet." Bali Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 1404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3602.
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Background: This study determined the effect of adding grape skin extract (Vitis vinifera L.) to the diet of Wistar rats fed with high cholesterol on levels of SGPT and SGOT and the structure of liver tissue. Methods: This study used 5 groups, namely control (standard diet), P1 (high cholesterol diet), P2 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 100 mg/200 gBW/day), P3 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 250 mg/200 gBW/day) and P4 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin 500 mg/200 gBW/day). The study began with the production of extracts, the extracts dosage determination, high cholesterol diet preparation, sample (animals) preparation, extract addition to animals, SGPT and SGOT levels measurement, rat liver histopathology preparation and histopathological features observation, then ended with data analysis. Results: The results showed that administration of grape skin extract in Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet affected the levels of SGPT and SGOT, as well as parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes. Administration of grape skin extract as much as 500 mg/200 g BW/day had the lowest mean levels of SGPT and SGOT and the lowest parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes. Conclusion: Thus, the extract of grape skin (Vitis vinifera L.) has the potential of hepatoprotector because it contains anthocyanin, which functions as an antioxidant and protects against liver damage.
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Seenu, Yuvarani, Koshila Ravi Ravichandran, Anaswara Sivadas, Balachandar Mayakrishnan, and Muthukumar Thangavelu. "Vegetative anatomy of Tabernaemontana alternifolia L. (Apocynaceae) endemic to southern Western Ghats, India." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 63, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2019.2.185-193.
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The anatomical description of vegetative parts of Taberenaemontana alternifolia L. belonging to the family Apocynaceae was investigated in the present study. The leaves of T. alternifolia is hypostomatic with paracytic stomata, uniseriate epidermis made up of thin-walled parenchymatous cells covered by thin cuticle on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The hypodermis comprises of angular collenchyma cells. Mesophyll is dorsiventral containing silica bodies and vascular bundles are bicollateral. The petiole is flattened adaxially and arch-shaped abaxially with a uniseriate epidermis covered by a thin cuticle. The hypodermis is 7-8 layered angular collenchyma cells consisting of laticifers and parenchymatic, cortical layers consisting of silica bodies and thick-walled fibers and U-shaped bicollateral vascular bundles. Secondary growth in stems is characterized by the formation of periderm and thick-walled fibers in the vascular tissues. Bicollateral vascular bundles are covered by sclerenchymatous patches, parenchymatous cortex and pith consist of fibers, laticifers and silica bodies. The root possess unicellular root hairs, compactly arranged thin-walled uniseriate epidermis, 16-18 layered cortex containing silica bodies and fibers, indistinct endodermis, radially arranged vascular bundles and 14-16 arched xylem. Pitted water-storage cells are present in the conjunctive tissue. Lignin deposition was observed in the root stelar region and pith is absent.
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MOURA, Vania Beatriz Lopes, Analia Cirqueira MILHOMEM, Sarah Buzaim LIMA, Hidelberto MATOS-SILVA, Denis Masashi SUGITA, Mariana Clare VINAUD, and Ruy de Souza LINO-JÚNIOR. "Demyelination in experimental intraventricular neurocysticercosis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 2 (February 2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190155.
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Abstract Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is classified as a neglected tropical disease, which affects mainly Latin America and Africa in spite of some reports in North America and Europe. NCC represents the cause of up to 30% of the reported cases of epilepsy in endemic countries. The NCC injuries present direct relation to the development stage, location, and number of parasites as well as to the host immune response. This study aimed the characterization of the inflammatory response and tissue injuries by means of the analyses of the periventricular and parenchymatous demyelination through the experimental intraventricular NCC infection. Therefore, BALB/c mice were submitted to experimental NCC inoculation with Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Their brains were removed at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after the inoculation (DAI), and analyzed after staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Luxol Fast Blue, and Nissl. It was possible to observe ventriculomegaly, inflammatory infiltration composed by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, and foamy macrophages. The presence of inflammatory cells was associated with neurodegeneration detected by the areas with demyelination observed initially in the periventricular area and lately in the parenchyma. In conclusion, the presence of cysticerci and the consequent inflammation were able to promote initial periventricular demyelination followed by parenchymatous demyelination as the infection progressed.
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V, Mallya Suma, KN Sunil Kumar, and Kamat Shrilatha K. "Macro-microscopic standards of an abortifacient drug- langali (tubers of Gloriosa superba Linn.)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, no. 4 (August 25, 2014): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3404.
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Gloriosa superba Linn., a striking herbaceous tendril climber with underground cylindrical white tuberous root, forms as a source of Langali -a upavisha dravya. The root contains an alkaloid colchicine (0.23- 0.3%). Though a poisonous root, having the magnificent therapeutic benefit, deliberate attempt to record its standard macro-microscopic features by photomicrography is lacking. Matured, authenticated tuberous roots were collected from its natural habitat. Macro-microscopic and powder characters were recorded using standard methodology. Thin walled parenchymatous cells with plenty of simple and compound starch grains, collateral vascular bundles scattered in the ground tissue, and absence of any sclerenchymatous tissue are microscopic recordings of transverse section of root. The powder has shown the presence of starch grains and cells of scaly leaves in surface view. This study along with photographic atlas will serve as reference for the correct identification of the drug and to differentiate it from their substitute and adulterants.
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Voulgaridis, Elias, Costas Passialis, and Athanassios Grigoriou. "ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF KENAF STEMS (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS)." IAWA Journal 21, no. 4 (2000): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000259.
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From a kenaf plantation (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) established in North Greece, a number of stem sections were taken from three positions (base, middle and top) and cell morphology, anatomical appearance under SEM and basic technical properties were observed and determined. Kenaf plants had a maximum height of 2.53 m, with a mean basal diameter of 1.91 cm. The wood is the most abundant tissue with proportions up to 77% in cross-section area and up to 61.5% in weight. Wood proportions decrease, pith proportions increase and bark proportions remain constant from the base to the top of the stems. The dry density of stems ranged between 0.27–0.31 g /cm3, while that of wood ranged between 0.22–0.43 g /cm3 along the stems. The contents of hot water soluble extractives ranged between 10.6% and 20.4% and those of dichloromethane soluble extractives ranged between 0.7% and 1.2% for bark, wood and pith. Microscopic examination of stems and of macerated material showed that bark consists of thick and long (2,330 μm) fibres whilst pith consists of polygonal parenchymatous cells. Wood is diffuse- porous, fibres average 840 μm long, vessel members average 330 μm long and 45 μm in diameter and orthogonal parenchymatous cells are 90 μm long. Fibre lengths in both bark and wood increase from the base to the top of stem. Vessel diameters decrease from base to top, while vessel member lengths remain constant from base to middle but decrease at the top of the stem.
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Féraud-Keller, C., and H. Espagnac. "Conditions d'apparition d'une embryogénèse somatique sur des cals issus de la culture de tissus foliaires du chêne vert (Quercus ilex)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-139.
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The proliferation of parenchymatous foliar tissue of Quercus ilex was obtained from current year leaves taken from old trees and cultivated in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (4 mg ∙ L−1) and naphthyl acetic acid (0.5 mg ∙ L−1). Only the fragments cultured in October reacted. The neoformations only appeared on calluses that had not been subcultured for 7 months. Primary nodules arising on these calluses were removed and subcultured on the same medium either in the dark or in the light. In the dark only, they produced secondary nodules, which were the source of somatic embryos both in light and dark. Presently, they seem to regulate their structure in the dark but they do not develop in a way that leads to germination.
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Fomina, M. A., and A. A. Terent'ev. "Сhanges in subcellular distribution of lysosomal cysteine proteinases activity in parenchymatous organs of rats under the action of nitric oxide synthesis modulators." Research'n Practical Medicine Journal 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2018): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17709/2409-2231-2018-5-3-3.
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Aim. To study the effect of non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine on the activity of cathepsins B, L, H and its subcellular distribution in liver, kidney and lung tissues.Materials and methods. The object of study – male rats Wistar line, the material was the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fraction of homogenates of liver, kidney, lung tissues. A non-selective inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was applied at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the substrate of NO synthesis L-arginine – at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Activity of cathepsins B, L, H was defined separately in the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fractions by spectrofluorometry quantitative determination of the specific substrate cleavage product 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin.Results. Suppression of nitric oxide synthesis by non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase L-NAME (25 mg/kg, 7 days) in the kidney tissue leads to a decrease in the activity of cathepsins В, L, H in lysosomal fraction with a parallel increase in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L, in the liver tissue leads to an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsin H and a decrease in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L. The substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine (500 mg/kg, 10 days) only causes increased activity of cathepsin L in non-lysosomal fraction of liver tissue, leads to increased lysosomal activity of cathepsin H in kidney tissue, the lung tissue shows a significant increase in the activity of the all studied cathepsins in non-lysosomal fraction, accompanied by an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsins B and H. The revealed changes are associated with the signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and active forms of cathepsins.Conclusion. The effects of non-selective inhibitor and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis on the total activity of cathepsins B, L and H in parenchymatous organs and its subcellular distribution are tissue-specific and multidirectional in some cases and are accompanied by signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and enzymatically active forms mainly due to an increase of pro-enzyme forms.
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Cao, Juan, Shike Hou, Hui Ding, Ziquan Liu, Meijuan Song, Xiaojing Qin, Xue Wang, et al. "In VivoTracking of Systemically Administered Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Normal Rats through Bioluminescence Imaging." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3970942.
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Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as a panacea for multiple types of disease short of effective treatment. Dozens of clinical trials published demonstrated strikingly positive therapeutic effects of MSCs. However, as a specific agent, little research has focused on the dynamic distribution of MSCs afterin vivoadministration. In this study, we track systemically transplanted allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in normal rats through bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in real time.Ex vivoorgan imaging, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR were conducted to verify the histological distribution of BMSCs. Our results showed that BMSCs home to the dorsal skin apart from the lungs and kidneys after tail vein injection and could not be detected 14 days later. Allogeneic BMSCs mainly appeared not at the parenchymatous organs but at the subepidermal connective tissue and adipose tissue in healthy rats. There were no significant MSCs-related adverse effects except for transient decrease in neutrophils. These findings will provide experimental evidences for a better understanding of the biocharacteristics of BMSCs.
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Bhowal, Mousumi, and M. T. Sheikh. "A petrified bilocular dicotyledonous fruit from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Singhpur, Madhya Pradesh, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2008): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.259.
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A petrified bilocular fruit is described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Singhpur (Lat.20º1' N; Long.70º1' E), situated about 3 km from the well-known locality Mohgaonkalan in Madhya Pradesh, India. The fruit is bilocular, sessile, and ovoid. Of the two locules, one is with a seed, the other is empty. There is an air chamber in the septa. Pericarp is well formed. Epicarp shows presence of lacunar fibrous bundles and towards the inner side parenchymatous tissue with empty raised cavities. Seed is single and bitegmic with ridges and furrows. Fruit shows loculicidal dehiscence. The fruit could not be assigned to any living family. Since it differs from the known fossil fruits, it is named as Bicarpelarocarpon singhpurii gen. et sp. nov.
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Mooney, P. A., and J. Van Staden. "Induction of embryogenesis in callus from immature embryos of Persea americana." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-081.
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Both the external morphology and internal anatomy of developing somatic embryoids and plantlets of Persea americana (avocados) were studied. The embryogenic callus, which is embryoidal in origin, was made up of normal parenchymatous tissue toward the centre of a clump of cells and numerous proembryoidal cells on the periphery of the callus mass. Embryogenesis appeared to begin in single cells on the periphery of the callus and from cells on the surface of existing proembryoids. Embryo initials could be recognised by their conspicuous starch contents and by their thickened walls, which lack plasmodesmata. Cell divisions occurred in cells with thickened walls to give rise to globular proembryoids. Proembryoids developed into heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped and cotyledonary embryoids and finally into complete plantlets.
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Godik, О. S. "Simulation of prehepatic portal hypertension and impact of hepatic deportalization on its tissue." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 89, no. 7-8 (December 23, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2022.7-8.35.
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Objective. On the prehepatic portal hypertension pattern, created by partial ligature of venae portae in rats, to estimate the impact of partial hepatic deportalization on its tissue.
Materials and methods. The investigation was conducted on 35 male rats of a Wistar line, aged 4–6 weeks. In 15 laboratory animals the partial ligature of vena porta with formation of stenosis was conducted, and in 15 –false ligature, while the control group consisted of 5 intact laboratory animals.
Results. There were revealed certain connections between conduction of partial ligature of vena porta and critical (lethal) lowering of portohepatic perfusion.
The model of prehepatic portal hypertension, using partial ligature of vena porta, leading to partial lowering of portohepatic perfusion with development of cavernous transformation of vena porta and dystrophic changes in hepatocytes with further fibrous changes in hepatic parenchyma, was applied.
Conclusion. The portal vein narrowing grade in range 52 – 59% constitutes the optimal one for the prehepatic portal hypertension formation with development of zonal adipose parenchymatous hepatic dystrophy and the balloon degeneration of hepatocytes with further development of fibroses in rats of a Wistar line aged 4 – 6 weeks.
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Bobby, Md Nazneen. "Comparative morpho-anatomical studies of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth and in vitro micro propagated plantlets." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 13, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 6401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v13i1.5928.
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The current investigation was characterizing the pharmacognostical screening of the mother plant Albizia lebbeck and its in vitro propagated plantlets. The macroscopic analysis showed the presence of various parts of the plants and the anatomical studies revealed the presence of paracytic stomata of equal subsidiary cells; dendroid vein terminations; Thick–walled epidermal cells and parenchymatous ground tissue; cuticular projections with striations in the epidermal cells of a leaf; smaller vascular bundles with lateral veins; thick-walled bundle sheath fibers with thick vascular strands; irregularly lobed sclereids and tannin cells in the upper epidermis of lamina; druse idioblasts in the mesophyll of the leaf; accessory vascular bundles in the petiole were observed in the mother plant, which was compared with the in-vitro micro propagated plantlet with the presence of thick and wide midrib with lamina; Thick leaf margin with thin Phloem; short xylem; vascular showed reduced in size; Reduce palisade tissue; Thick and compact parenchyma; Squamish and papillate epidermal cells were observed in epidermal and stromata region. The current studies contribute as a standard monograph for the identification and evaluation of plants.
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Ourcival, Jean-Marc, André Berger, and Édouard Le Floc'h. "Absorption de l'eau atmosphérique par la partie aérienne d'un chaméphyte de la Tunisie présaharienne : l’Anthyllis henoniana (Fabaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-150.
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Measurements of predawn water potential made in the presaharian Tunisia (Médenine) on A. henoniana suggest that this species is able to absorb directly atmospheric water through its leaves and (or) stems. Measurements of water potential were also made on several plants in controlled conditions. Cross sections of stems of various ages and of leaves were examined. There was a good correlation between the thickness of the cortical parenchymatous tissue in leaves and young stems and the ability of a plant to maintain a less negative water potential in conditions of high atmospheric humidity. The water is apparently taken up by the vascular system. This ability would allow A. henoniana to benefit from the many dew days observed in its area of distribution and would improve its water balance. Key words: Anthyllis henoniana, dew, water potential, water absorption, water balance.
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Zajączkowska, Urszula. "Ordering of the cellular arrangement and xylogenesis in wounded shoots of willow." IAWA Journal 36, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20150109.
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Development of living organisms is characterized by self-organization, which results in ordered cell and tissue patterns. Xylem formation in callus tissue may serve as a model to study these phenomena. Applying auxin on the apical transverse cut surface of willow shoot segments stimulates the proliferation of callus with an unorganized cell arrangement. In some areas of callus, the cells form an ordered system and partly differentiate into tracheary elements. Below the cut surface a zone of initially unorganized parenchymatous cells is produced by the cambium. Later, some of the cells formed ordered arrangements giving rise to differentiation in xylem rays with a subsequent layer of normal wood. Digital image processing software based on a structure tensor revealed a more coherent orientation of the cellular pattern in the callus region close to the cambial zone in the cut shoot surface, compared with the areas at further distances near the outer parts of the callus ring. Differentiation of tracheary xylem elements occurs mostly in the regions where a higher degree of cellular ordering in parenchyma tissue is observed. Digital image analysis is a useful tool for the quantitative estimation of subtle changes of cellular ordering in various regions of regenerating tissue. Wider application of this tool may open new opportunities in studies of the complex mechanisms that control morphogenetic patterns in plants.
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Vandevyvere, Inez, and Luc De Bruyn. "Morphological and histochemical analysis of galls of Lipara lucens (Diptera, Chloropidae) on Phragmites australis (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-143.
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Lipara lucens Meigen (Diptera, Chloropidae) is a monophagous herbivore of the common reed, Phragmites australis Cav. (Trin.) ex Steud. (Poaceae), on which it induces typical cigar-shaped galls. In this paper, the anatomy and histochemistry of galls, cultivated in a greenhouse and collected in the field, were examined. Gall growth takes place while the larva feeds outside the actual developing gall. During gall growth, internode elongation is reduced. Internally, the pith parenchyma, destined to become the nutritive tissue, proliferates instead of degenerating as is seen in uninfested stems. The tissue cylinder around the gall chamber widens up to three times its normal size, while the pith parenchyma doubles its width. The central pith of nutritive cells becomes surrounded by an inner layer of longitudinal and an outer layer of radial parenchymatous cells. Vascular strands, likely connected to the vascular tissue of the host plant, run through this special band of parenchyma cells. The bundles are oriented perpendicular to the stem axis, surrounding the larval chamber. When the gall is completed, the larva gnaws through the growing point and enters the gall chamber, where it consumes the nutritive tissue. A sclerenchymatization process starts now resulting in an extremely hardened gall. Histochemical staining reveals the presence of proteins, DNA, RNA, and a gradient of lipid globules in the nutritive tissue. No starch was detected.Key words: plant-insect interactions, Lipara lucens, Phragmites australis, gall structure.
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Pelikh, Valeriya, Elena Salnikova, Alexey Sizentsov, Elena Osipova, and Polina Ponomareva. "PSXI-23 Study of cadmium cumulation in agricultural products taking its geochemical distribution into account." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.640.
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Abstract One of the criteria for agricultural production is its biological safety for human health. The purpose of our study was to reveal a territorial relationship between the cadmium content in non-living objects and agricultural products. Water and soil samples, wheat, and biosubstrates of farm animals from various administrative zones of Orenburg region were used as objects of the study. A total of 525 samples were analyzed. The content of cadmium in the samples was determined by the methods of Inductively Coupled argon Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-AES, ICP-MS). The systemic analysis of cadmium distribution in non-living objects (water and soil) indicates a pronounced relationship between the content of the xenobiotics in geochemical zones with its increased level (maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) are within 0.75) in water 0.001–0.002 mg/kg and soil - 0.104–0.12 mg/kg. The researched zone belongs to areas with developed agriculture in particular plant science with the cultivation of durum wheat. In areas with the cadmium MAC less than 0.5, the concentration of this element in wheat is on average 0.007–0.008 mg/kg. The increase in the cadmium content to 0.75 directly proportionally increases its concentration up to 0.029-0.011 mg/kg. The maximum level of cadmium accumulation is observed in parenchymatous organs: the distribution of elements was 0.25–0.51 mg/kg in the kidneys, 0.25–0.41 mg/kg in the liver and 0.05–0.06 mg/kg in the heart. The content of the studied element in the muscle tissue has relatively low values ranging from 0.005 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg. The studies found a direct correlation between the distribution of the studied element in the food chain, and that a long contact between animals and cadmium leads to its accumulation, increasing the risk of chronic intoxication associated with the lesion of parenchymatous organs.
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Pellissari, Lauany C. O., Luiza Teixeira-Costa, Gregorio Ceccantini, Neusa Tamaio, Leandro J. T. Cardoso, João M. A. Braga, and Claudia F. Barros. "Parasitic plant, from inside out: endophytic development in Lathrophytum peckoltii (Balanophoraceae) in host liana roots from tribe Paullineae (Sapindaceae)." Annals of Botany 129, no. 3 (December 9, 2021): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab148.
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Abstract Background and Aims Balanophoraceae is one of the most bizarre and biologically interesting plant clades. It groups species with peculiar features that offers an opportunity for investigating several aspects of parasite plant development and morphogenesis. We analysed the development and the mature vegetative body of Lathrophytum peckoltii Eichler, focusing on the formation of the host–parasite interface. Additionally, we analysed how this parasitic interaction causes modifications to the anatomy of Paullinia uloptera Radlk and Serjania clematidifolia Cambess host roots. Methods Vegetative bodies of the parasite at different developmental stages were collected while infesting the roots of Sapindaceae vines. Non-parasitized host roots were also collected for comparison. Light, epifluorescence, confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used for the analysis. Key Results The initial cells of the vegetative axis divide repeatedly, originating a parenchymatous matrix, which occupies the space from the cortex to the vascular cylinder of the host’s root. In the peripheral layers of the matrix, located near the xylem of the host’s roots, a few cells initiate the process of wall lignification, originating the parasitic bundle. The vascular cambium of the host’s root changes the division plane and becomes composed of fusiform initials, forming the vascular bundle. The vegetative axis presents a dermal tissue similar to a phellem, a parenchymatous matrix and a vascular system with different origins. Conclusion The parasite reproduces by endophytic development, in a manner similar to that observed for endoparasites. The strategy of late cell differentiation could aid the parasite in avoiding early detection and triggering of defence responses by the host. This development causes changes to the host root cambial activity, leading to the establishment of direct, vessel to vessel connection between host and parasite. We associate these changes with the cambium modularity and an influx of parasite-derived hormones into the host cambium.
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Kumar, Sheo, Prabhaker Mishra, and Swish Kumar Singh. "OBSTRUCTED PAN CAKE KIDNEY IN A CHILD MANAGED BY IMAGE GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSTOMY." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1864.
Full textAbstract:
Pancake kidney, also called pelvic fused kidney, lump or cake kidney, is a rare type of congenital renal fusion anomaly. It is characterized by the presence of a lobulated pelvic renal mass which has a dual parenchymatous system without an intervening septum. Pancake kidney is prone to obstruction due to abnormal rotation of collecting system and calculus. When a patient presents with a nonfunctioning and obstructed kidney, a temporary nephrostomy preserves any recoverable renal tissue. Many a times a seemingly alarming radiological appearance where little functional recovery is expected, dramatic improvement in renal function has been noticed. We report a case of pancake kidney with right PUJ and left ureteric calculus causing hydronephrosis in a 9-years-old male child, evaluated by ultrasonography and MDCT, underwent image guided (sonography and fluoroscopy) percutaneous nephrostomy for relieving the ureteric obstruction.
Keywords: Renal fusion, pancake kidney, percutaneous nephrostomy, nephrostogram.
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Motsenbocker, Carl E., Marshall D. Sundberg, and Yuehe Huang. "Developmental and gGenetic Differences in the Fruit-receptacle Separation Zone in Tabasco Pepper." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 785A—785. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.785a.
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Two lines of tabasco pepper (Capsicum frutescens) were previously identified that differ significantly in ease of fruit detachment force. Greenhouse-grown plants of these lines, `McIlhenny Select' and `HP', were investigated for differences in cell organization in the fruit-receptacle area and the separation zone at different developmental stages. Histological examination indicated that fruit of `HP', which requires greater force to separate, exhibited a larger region of sclerified cells within the fruit-receptacle area. In contrast, fruit of `McIlhenny Select', the line that detaches easier, had fewer sclerified cells in this region. Cell sclerification increased for both lines with increasing fruit maturity. The fruit-pedicel separation zone in both lines is distal to the sclerified region and is composed of parenchymatous fruit tissue. The separation zone for `HP' includes at least 10 additional distal cell layers in the fruit septal region than `McIlhenny Select'.
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Hellmén, Eva. "Complex mammary tumours in the female dog: a review." Journal of Dairy Research 72, S1 (July 14, 2005): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990500124x.
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Spontaneous mammary tumours are most frequently seen (apart from rodents) in women, female dogs and cats. The mammary gland is the most commonly affected organ for tumours in women and in female dogs. The mammary gland has a similar histology in the different species whereas the number of glands differs as well as the number of interlobular ducts that reach the nipple/teat. The parenchymatous tissue is composed of alveoli that turn into interlobular ducts. The whole ductal tree is outlined by a two-layered epithelium with the luminal epithelial cells adjacent to the lumen and the more sparse myoepithelial cells peripherally located to these. Different proteins such as growth factors regulate the mammary gland, as they do for all tissues in the body. In addition, sex hormones regulate the biology of the mammary gland. Oestrogen has the most pronounced effect on duct growth whereas progesterone promotes growth of the alveoli.
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Thielen, Marc, Thomas Speck, and Robin Seidel. "Impact behaviour of freeze-dried and fresh pomelo ( Citrus maxima ) peel: influence of the hydration state." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (June 2015): 140322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140322.
Full textAbstract:
Pomelos ( Citrus maxima ) are known for their thick peel which—inter alia—serves as energy dissipator when fruits impact on the ground after being shed. It protects the fruit from splitting open and thus enables the contained seeds to stay germinable and to potentially be dispersed by animal vectors. The main part of the peel consists of a parenchymatous tissue that can be interpreted from a materials point of view as open pored foam whose struts are pressurized and filled with liquid. In order to investigate the influence of the water content on the energy dissipation capacity, drop weight tests were conducted with fresh and with freeze-dried peel samples. Based on the coefficient of restitution it was found that freeze-drying markedly reduces the relative energy dissipation capacity of the peel. Measuring the transmitted force during impact furthermore indicated a transition from a uniform collapse of the foam-like tissue to a progressive collapse due to water extraction. Representing the peel by a Maxwell model illustrates that freeze-drying not only drastically reduces the damping function of the dashpots but also stiffens the springs of the model.