Academic literature on the topic 'Tissu osseux – Évolution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tissu osseux – Évolution"
Jentgen-Ceschino, Benjamin. "From bone palaeohistology to insularity: the palaeobiological archive as a witness to insular evolution." Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 2022, 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.11072.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tissu osseux – Évolution"
Vico-Pouget, Laurence. "Évolution du tissu osseux lors de l'exposition aux conditions de microgravité réelle ou simulée." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4006.
Full textAugoyard, Mathilde. "Covariation des tissus osseux et dentaires chez les humains modernes et tendances évolutives dans la lignée humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0480.
Full textCortical bone and dentine are two biological tissues sharing a common genetic origin, overall structure, composition, and embryological development, distinct from those of enamel. Various observations suggest the possibility of coordinated postnatal development of these two tissues in hominins. For example, Neandertals display higher cortical bone volumes in their infra-cranial skeleton and greater dentine robustness compared to modern humans, while absolute enamel volumes are similar between the two taxa. Studies of immature Neandertal specimens indicate that their cortical bone and dentine robustness may be present from early developmental stages. In this doctoral research, we aimed to understand whether the structural and developmental affinities between cortical bone and dentine could lead to coordinated postnatal development of these tissues in modern humans. To this end, we measured the coordinated variation of cortical bone and dentine volumes in a sample of modern humans, comprising 12 immature individuals and 70 adults. Using microtomographic acquisitions of the arm, forearm bones, and anterior dentition, we conducted a methodological approach combining the quantification of cortical bone and dentine volumes with the analysis of their topographic distribution. Our results highlight a developmental desynchronization between cortical bone and dentine during the growth of immature individuals, leading to weak covariation between their cortical bone and dentine volumes. The bone-dentine covariation signal is stronger in adults, suggesting that common factors may influence postnatal development of these tissues once skeletal and dental maturation is achieved. This research highlights the predominant role of the hormonal milieu in the postnatal development of these tissues, while the biomechanical history of the skeleton appears to have a more limited impact. A preliminary analysis of bone-dentine covariation was conducted on chimeric individuals of Paranthropus, Australopithecus, and Neandertals. Most of these individuals deviate from the modern human bone-dentine relationship, characterized by higher dentine volumes in fossil taxa and cortical bone volumes similar to those of modern humans. A slowdown in growth and development has been described in Homo sapiens compared to fossil hominins, which may explain the unique bone-dentine relationship seen in this taxon. This doctoral thesis provides an original contribution to the study of bone and dental tissue volumes and distribution in various fossil and extant hominin taxa, offering insights into the impact of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors acting on their development
Plasse, Martial. "Loi de Wolff et terrestrialisation : adaptation structure / fonction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS303.pdf.
Full textThe lifestyle of extinct tetrapods is often difficult to assess when clear morphological adaptations, such as swimming paddles are absent. According to the hypothesis of bone functional adaptation, the architecture of trabecular bone adapts sensitively to physiological loadings. Previous studies have already shown a clear relation between trabecular architecture and locomotor behavior, mainly in mammals and birds. However, the link between trabecular architecture and lifestyle has rarely been examined. Here, trabecular architecture of different clades of reptiles has been correlated with a wide range of lifestyles (aquatic, amphibious, terrestrial). Humeri of squamates, turtles and crocodylians have been scanned with X-ray computed microtomography. The analysis of spherical volumes extracted from the proximal metaphyses of these humeri showed a significant phylogenetic signal for one of measured trabecular parameters. Linear discriminant analyses suggest a good separation of lifestyles in the morphological spaces. Furthermore, a new method allowed to estimate articular loadings for finite elements models from entire humeral heads of turtles. Biases related to fixations of these models and to their articular shapes has been identified. Different loadings has been calculated between the swimming and the walking of amphibious turtles. Finally, locomotions of two fossil turtles have been inferred. Thanks to these two methods, the trabecular architecture seems to be an effective tool to infer the lifestyle and the locomotion of extinct tetrapods, especially those involved in the terrestrialization and returns to aquatic environment
Bedarida, Sandra. "Histoire naturelle et diversité génétique des virus de la famille anelloviridae : étude de prélèvements biologiques contemporains et anciens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5033.
Full textAnelloviridae are small single-stranded DNA viruses, recently discovered, and widely spread among vertebrates. In humans, three distinct genera were characterised: Alphatorquevirus (TTV), Betatorquevirus (TTMV), Gammatorquevirus (TTMDV), leading to a chronic infection whose pathogenicity remains unknown. Their epidemiology is constantly evolving due to their extreme variability and genetic diversity. In this multidisciplinary research, combining virology, bioanthropology and palaeomicrobiology, we have used genetic analysis to explore the natural history of those viruses via two linked issues. On the one hand, the genetic diversity was analysed by way of a cross-sectional study within contemporary populations (French and Afghan) and ancient populations from the Neolithic period to Modern times. On the other hand, their evolution was studied at the individual level through a longitudinal study in two corpora (follow-ups of a transplanted patient and haemodialysis patients). In order to complement data regarding this unique viral family, a methodological process was established to improve and standardize existing analysis protocols. Comparison of Anelloviridae's distributions among several healthy contemporary populations allowed us to notice significant differences of partitions, especially an almost complete absence of TTMDV in the Afghan sample. Our methodology dedicated to ancient remains displayed the presence of Anelloviridae strains, testifying their ancestral origin and highlighting inter- and intra-individual variations, similar to infections in modern populations
Conference papers on the topic "Tissu osseux – Évolution"
Gossiome, C., F. Rufino, G. Herve, M. Benassarou, P. Goudot, V. Descroix, and G. Lescaille. "Découverte fortuite d’une lésion mandibulaire, un cas de kyste anévrismal." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603020.
Full textBouhoute, M., K. El Harti, and W. El Wady. "Gestion des dysplasies osseuses florides symptomatiques : série de cas et revue de littérature." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603019.
Full textMouraret, A., E. Gerard, J. Le Gall, and R. Curien. "Ostéonécrose du prémaxillaire consécutive à une coagulation intravasculaire disséminée : à propos d’un cas." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603011.
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