Journal articles on the topic 'Tiny ML'
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Lahade, Shashikant Vitthalrao, Srikanth Namuduri, Himanshu Upadhyay, and Shekhar Bhansali. "Alcohol Sensor Calibration on the Edge Using Tiny Machine Learning (Tiny-ML) Hardware." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 26 (May 1, 2020): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01261848mtgabs.
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Lulec, Sevil Zeynep, Alvin Loke, Xinfei Guo, Ka-Meng Lei, Po-Hsuan Wei, Shahriar Mirabbasi, Abira Altvater, and Kelsey Rodriguez. "IEEE SSCS and tiny ML Hold First Young Professionals Webinar [Chapters]." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 12, no. 3 (2020): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2020.3001885.
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Jose Rosa, Daniel Granhao, Guilherme Carvalho, Tiago Gon�alves, Monica Figueiredo, Luis Conde Bento, Nuno Paulino, and Luis M. Pessoa. "BacalhauNet: A tiny CNN for lightning-fast modulation classification." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/fywt4006.
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Deep learning methods have been shown to be competitive solutions for modulation classification tasks, but suffer from being computationally expensive, limiting their use on embedded devices. We propose a new deep neural network architecture which employs known structures, depth-wise separable convolution and residual connections, as well as a compression methodology, which combined lead to a tiny and fast algorithm for modulation classification. Our compressed model won the first place in ITU's AI/ML in 5G Challenge 2021, achieving 61.73� compression over the challenge baseline and being over 2.6� better than the second best submission. The source code of this work is publicly available at github.com/ITU-AI- ML-in-5G-Challenge/ITU-ML5G-PS-007-BacalhauNet.
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ZAROMB, SOLOMON, DENNIS MARTELL, NATHAN SCHATTKE, and GARY HANKINS. "PRECONCENTRATION OF MICROORGANISMS INTO A TINY VOLUME OF LIQUID FOR ENHANCED SPECTRAL DETECTION." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 04 (December 2007): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407004941.
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Concentration of 1-micron-size micro-organisms from about 100 ml of liquid, whether drawn from a bio-aerosol collector or from an environmental water source, into a volume of 1 to 2 ml. is achieved by a liquid flow system including a reversible filter through which filtered liquid can be recirculated or disposed of and from which a concentrated sample is recovered by opening a solenoid valve leading to a detector or to a collection container and reversing the pump for a short time. The reversing action flushes the collected particles off the filter and into the detector or container. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by measuring the cumulative fluorescence of 1-micron-size blue fluorescent microspheres versus cumulative volume withdrawn from our WEP collector after capture from an aerosol suspension of about 140 particles/ml drawn from a test chamber over a 5-minute period at a sampling rate of 500 liters/minute. As the liquid was being withdrawn from the WEP collector, it was filtered at a rate of 1 ml/second and the filter back-flushed with small portions of filtrate at 1-minute intervals. The relative cumulative concentration of captured particles in the first back-flushed 1-ml fraction was around 56 as compared with a value of 1.4 in the first 60-ml filtered fraction, which constitutes a liquid-to-liquid concentration enhancement by a factor of 40 and an air-to-liquid concentration factor of >1.25 × 106.
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Sozzi, Marco, Giulio Pillan, Claudia Ciarelli, Francesco Marinello, Fabrizio Pirrone, Francesco Bordignon, Alessandro Bordignon, Gerolamo Xiccato, and Angela Trocino. "Measuring Comfort Behaviours in Laying Hens Using Deep-Learning Tools." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010033.
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Image analysis using machine learning (ML) algorithms could provide a measure of animal welfare by measuring comfort behaviours and undesired behaviours. Using a PLF technique based on images, the present study aimed to test a machine learning tool for measuring the number of hens on the ground and identifying the number of dust-bathing hens in an experimental aviary. In addition, two YOLO (You Only Look Once) models were compared. YOLOv4-tiny needed about 4.26 h to train for 6000 epochs, compared to about 23.2 h for the full models of YOLOv4. In validation, the performance of the two models in terms of precision, recall, harmonic mean of precision and recall, and mean average precision (mAP) did not differ, while the value of frame per second was lower in YOLOv4 compared to the tiny version (31.35 vs. 208.5). The mAP stands at about 94% for the classification of hens on the floor, while the classification of dust-bathing hens was poor (28.2% in the YOLOv4-tiny compared to 31.6% in YOLOv4). In conclusion, ML successfully identified laying hens on the floor, whereas other PLF tools must be tested for the classification of dust-bathing hens.
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Sudharsan, Bharath. "Training Up to 50 Class ML Models on 3 $ IoT Hardware via Optimizing One-vs-One Algorithm (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 13059–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21666.
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Multi-class classifier training using traditional meta-algorithms such as the popular One-vs-One (OvO) method may not always work well under cost-sensitive setups. Also, during inference, OvO becomes computationally challenging for higher class counts K as O(K^2) is its time complexity. In this paper, we present Opt-OvO, an optimized (resource-friendly) version of the One-vs-One algorithm to enable high-performance multi-class ML classifier training and inference directly on microcontroller units (MCUs). Opt-OvO enables billions of tiny IoT devices to self learn/train (offline) after their deployment, using live data from a wide range of IoT use-cases. We demonstrate Opt-OvO by performing live ML model training on 4 popular MCU boards using datasets of varying class counts, sizes, and feature dimensions. The most exciting finding was, on the 3 $ ESP32 chip, Opt-OvO trained a multi-class ML classifier using a dataset of class count 50 and performed unit inference in super real-time of 6.2 ms.
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Farag, Mohammed M. "A Tiny Matched Filter-Based CNN for Inter-Patient ECG Classification and Arrhythmia Detection at the Edge." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031365.
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Automated electrocardiogram (ECG) classification using machine learning (ML) is extensively utilized for arrhythmia detection. Contemporary ML algorithms are typically deployed on the cloud, which may not always meet the availability and privacy requirements of ECG monitoring. Edge inference is an emerging alternative that overcomes the concerns of cloud inference; however, it poses new challenges due to the demanding computational requirements of modern ML algorithms and the tight constraints of edge devices. In this work, we propose a tiny convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier for real-time monitoring of ECG at the edge with the aid of the matched filter (MF) theory. The MIT-BIH dataset with inter-patient division is used for model training and testing. The model generalization capability is validated on the INCART, QT, and PTB diagnostic databases, and the model performance in the presence of noise is experimentally analyzed. The proposed classifier can achieve average accuracy, sensitivity, and F1 scores of 98.18%, 91.90%, and 92.17%, respectively. The sensitivity of detecting supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats (SVEB and VEB) is 85.3% and 96.34% , respectively. The model is 15KB in size, with an average inference time of less than 1 ms. The proposed model achieves superior classification and real-time performance results compared to the state-of-the-art ECG classifiers while minimizing the model complexity. The proposed classifier can be readily deployed on a wide range of resource-constrained edge devices for arrhythmia monitoring, which can save millions of cardiovascular disease patients
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Toyama, Haruko, Hong Rui Huang, Tomonori Nakamura, Leonid V. Bondarenko, Alexandra Y. Tupchaya, Dimitry V. Gruznev, Akari Takayama, Andrey V. Zotov, Aleksandr A. Saranin, and Shuji Hasegawa. "Superconductivity of Pb Ultrathin Film on Ge(111) Surface." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.80.
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We have performed structure analysis and electrical conductivity measurements of Pb ultrathin films of different thicknesses grown on Ge (111) at low temperature by using electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, andin-situfour-point probe method in ultrahigh vacuum. Three samples with different deposition amounts of Pb corresponding to 1, 3 and 10 monolayer (ML) were revealed to have different structures. The 1 ML-Pb sample, having a wetting layer and tiny clusters on it, did not show superconductivity. The 10-ML-Pb sample, consisted of continuous Pb (111) thin film structure, showed thin-film superconductivity around 6 K. The 3-ML-Pb sample, consisted of the wetting layer with unconnected Pb (111) islands on it, also showed superconductivity around 4 K. This superconductivity is thought to be induced in the wetting layer by proximity effect from superconducting Pb (111) islands. Thus, it is important to study the detailed growth structures for understanding atomic-layer superconductivity.
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Mao, Jian, Long Wang, Zhiyong Qian, and Mingjing Tu. "Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Ce(IV) Doped TiO2Nanoparticles in Human Hepatocyte Cell Line L02." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/910434.
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Ce(IV) doped anatase TiO2nanoparticles (CDTs) were prepared and the underlying mechanism by which CDT nanoparticle enters into cell and its cytotoxicity were investigated in a human hepatocellular line L02 cell. The results showed that CDTs can enter into cytoplasm of L02 cell via endocytosis and nonendocytic ways. Large aggregation of CDTs went into cell by endocytosis and finally formed an endocytic vesicle with membrane boundary. Tiny aggregation of CDTs entered into cell cytoplasm via channels similar to that for lung-blood substance exchange in the alveolar-airway barrier. In addition, tiny aggregation of CDTs was observed in nucleus, and maybe CDTs could pass through the nucleus envelope via the channels provided by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Results from MTT assay, fluorescence microscope, and TEM observations showed that the cell viability, cell morphology, cell growth, and cell division periods could not be obviously impaired when cells were exposed to CDTs of different concentration from 30 to 150 μg mL−1without UV irradiation. However, large vacuoles containing CDTs were found in cytoplasm, some structure changes were observed in mitochondria, and smooth envelope around the nucleus was shrank and deformed.
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Golla, Kishore, and S. PallamSetty. "An Efficient Secure Cryptography Scheme for New ML-based RPL Routing Protocol in Mobile IoT Environment." International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications 14, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2022.14201.
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Internet of Things (IoT) offers reliable and seamless communication for the heterogeneous dynamic lowpower and lossy network (LLNs). To perform effective routing in IoT communication, LLN Routing Protocol (RPL) is developed for the tiny nodes to establish connection by using deflaut objective functions: OF0, MRHOF, for which resources are constraints like battery power, computation capacity, memory communication link impacts on varying traffic scenarios in terms of QoS metrics like packet delivery ratio, delay, secure communication channel. At present, conventional Internet of Things (IoT) are having secure communication channels issue for transmission of data between nodes. To withstand those issues, it is necessary to balance resource constraints of nodes in the network. In this paper, we developed a security algorithm for IoT networks with RPL routing. Initially, the constructed network in corporates optimizationbased deep learning (reinforcement learning) for route establishment in IoT. Upon the establishment of the route, the ClonQlearn based security algorithm is implemented for improving security which is based onaECC scheme for encryption and decryption of data. The proposed security technique incorporates reinforcement learning-based ClonQlearnintegrated with ECC (ClonQlearn+ECC) for random key generation. The proposed ClonQlearn+ECCexhibits secure data transmission with improved network performance when compared with the earlier works in simulation. The performance of network expressed that the proposed ClonQlearn+ECC increased the PDR of approximately 8% - 10%, throughput of 7% - 13%, end-to-end delay of 5% - 10% and power consumption variation of 3% - 7%.
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Kitajima, Kazuhiro, Shingo Yamamoto, Masayuki Fujiwara, Hitomi Suzuki, Nahomi Yoshimura, Ryo Kunimoto, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, et al. "Metastasis-Directed Radiotherapy for Oligoprogressive Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Recurrence Revealed by Choline PET/CT." Case Reports in Oncology 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512068.
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We report a 49-year-old male with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with oligometastasis diagnosed by <sup>11</sup>C-choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and treated with target radiotherapy. In the diagnosis of CRPC (serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level of 6.53 ng/mL after maximum androgen blockade (MAB) therapy, high-dose brachytherapy, and external beam radiotherapy), <sup>11</sup>C-choline PET/CT detected one tiny obturator lymph node metastasis which fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT could not detect. He underwent intensity-modulated radiation therapy and MAB was restarted. The PSA value decreased and reached nadir (0.091 ng/mL) after 6 months. The time to PSA progression was 10 months. The choline PET/CT finding and the corresponding local treatment could play an important role in the management sequence of oligoprogressive CRPC.
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Vitelli, Michele, Gianni Cerro, Luca Gerevini, Gianfranco Miele, Andrea Ria, and Mario Molinara. "SENSIPLUS-LM: A Low-Cost EIS-Enabled Microchip Enhanced with an Open-Source Tiny Machine Learning Toolchain." Computers 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12020023.
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The technological step towards sensors’ miniaturization, low-cost platforms, and evolved communication paradigms is rapidly moving the monitoring and computation tasks to the edge, causing the joint use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) to be massively employed. Edge devices are often composed of sensors and actuators, and their behavior depends on the relative rapid inference of specific conditions. Therefore, the computation and decision-making processes become obsolete and ineffective by communicating raw data and leaving them to a centralized system. This paper responds to this need by proposing an integrated architecture, able to host both the sensing part and the learning and classifying mechanisms, empowered by ML, directly on board and thus able to overcome some of the limitations presented by off-the-shelf solutions. The presented system is based on a proprietary platform named SENSIPLUS, a multi-sensor device especially devoted to performing electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on a wide frequency interval. The measurement acquisition, data processing, and embedded classification techniques are supported by a system capable of generating and compiling code automatically, which uses a toolchain to run inference routines on the edge. As a case study, the system capabilities of such a platform in this work are exploited for water quality assessment. The joint system, composed of the measurement platform and the developed toolchain, is named SENSIPLUS-LM, standing for SENSIPLUS learning machine. The introduction of the toolchain empowers the SENSIPLUS platform moving the inference phase of the machine learning algorithm to the edge, thus limiting the needs of external computing platforms. The software part, i.e., the developed toolchain, is available for free download from GitLab, as reported in this paper.
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Maham, Mehdi, Vahid Kiarostami, Syed Waqif-Husain, and Malihe Khoeini Sharifabadi. "Analysis of chlorpheniramine in human urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 50, no. 3 (September 2014): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502014000300014.
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A simple and environmentally friendly microextraction technique was used for determination of chlorpheniramine (CPM), an antihistamine drug, in human urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). In this extraction technique, an appropriate mixture of acetonitrile (disperser solvent) and carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into the urine sample containing the target analyte. Tiny droplets of extractant were formed and dispersed into the sample solution and then sedimented at the bottom of the conical test tube by centrifugation. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.055-5.5 µg mL-1, with a detection limit of 16.5 ng mL-1. This proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real urine samples. Low consumption of toxic organic solvents, simplicity of operation, low cost and acceptable figures of merit are the main advantages of the proposed technique.
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Gomathi M, Prakasam A, Rajkumar P.V, Rajeshkumar S, Chandrasekaran R, and Kannan S. "Phyllanthus reticulatus mediated synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative pathogens." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 3099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1603.
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In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using Phyllanthus reticulatus leaf extract at different concentration (5, 10, 15 mL). The prepared samples were analyzed their optical, structural, surface morphological properties, and along with these properties, the antibacterial properties were analyzed. The UV-vis absorption spectra show SPR band around 450 nm, shift to lower wavelength due to increasing extract concentration. This shift can be ascribing to a decrease in particle size. The crystallinity nature of the prepared samples is observed by the XRD profile; the calculated particles size by Scherrer’s formula displays a decrease in size with respect to leaf extract volume. From the SEM image, it can be seen that irregular and large size particles prepared at 5-10 mL and the smooth spherical shape and tiny particles were observed in the sample prepared at 15 mL. The small and spherical shape nanoparticles show good antibacterial activity against gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens. The activity of large and irregular shape particles may be due to the release of Ag+ ions and generation of ROS. Because of cell wall difference in bacteria, the better activity is observed against gram negative bacteria.
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Fogašová, Katarína, Peter Manko, and Jozef Oboňa. "The first evidence of microplastics in plant-formed fresh-water micro-ecosystems: Dipsacus teasel phytotelmata in Slovakia contaminated with MPs." BioRisk 18 (August 30, 2022): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.18.87433.
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Tiny pieces of plastic, or microplastics, are one of the emerging pollutants in a wide range of different ecosystems. However, they have, thus far, not been confirmed from phytotelmata – specific small water-filled cavities provided by terrestrial plants. The authors confirmed microplastics (141 μm – 2.4 mm long fibres of several colour and blue and orange fragments with diameters of 9–81 μm) in quantities from 101 to 409 per ml in Dipsacus telmata from two different periods. The phytotelmata, therefore, appear to be possible indicators of current and future microplastic pollution of the environment. However, further research is needed to obtain accurate information and verify the methodology for possible assessment of the local environmental burden of microplastics.
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Alajlan, Norah N., and Dina M. Ibrahim. "TinyML: Enabling of Inference Deep Learning Models on Ultra-Low-Power IoT Edge Devices for AI Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060851.
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Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention, since IoT devices are placed in various fields. Many of these devices are based on machine learning (ML) models, which render them intelligent and able to make decisions. IoT devices typically have limited resources, which restricts the execution of complex ML models such as deep learning (DL) on them. In addition, connecting IoT devices to the cloud to transfer raw data and perform processing causes delayed system responses, exposes private data and increases communication costs. Therefore, to tackle these issues, there is a new technology called Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML), that has paved the way to meet the challenges of IoT devices. This technology allows processing of the data locally on the device without the need to send it to the cloud. In addition, TinyML permits the inference of ML models, concerning DL models on the device as a Microcontroller that has limited resources. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the revolution of TinyML and a review of tinyML studies, wherein the main contribution is to provide an analysis of the type of ML models used in tinyML studies; it also presents the details of datasets and the types and characteristics of the devices with an aim to clarify the state of the art and envision development requirements.
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Pinotti, Mirko, Dario Balestra, Lara Rizzotto, Iva Maestri, Franco Pagani, and Francesco Bernardi. "Rescue of coagulation factor VII function by the U1+5A snRNA." Blood 113, no. 25 (June 18, 2009): 6461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-03-207613.
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Abstract Our previous studies with genomic minigenes have demonstrated that an engineered small nuclear RNA-U1 (U1+5a) partially rescued coagulation factor VII (FVII) mRNA processing impaired by the 9726+5G>A mutation. Here, to evaluate the U1+5a effects on FVII function, we devised a full-length FVII splicing-competent construct (pSCFVII-wt). This construct drove in COS-1 cells the synthesis of properly processed FVII transcripts and of secreted functional FVII (23 ± 4 ng/mL), which were virtually undetectable upon introduction of the 9726+5G>A mutation (pSCFVII-9726+5a). Cotransfection of pSCFVII-9726+5a with pU1+5a resulted in a partial rescue of FVII splicing and protein biosynthesis. The level increase in medium was dose dependent and, with a molar excess (1.5×) of pU1+5a, reached 9.5% plus or minus 3.2% (5.0 ± 2.8 ng/mL) of FVII-wt coagulant activity. These data provide the first insights into the U1-snRNA–mediated rescue of donor splice sites at protein level, thus further highlighting its therapeutic implications in bleeding disorders, which would benefit even from tiny increase of functional levels.
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V, Ajay, Andrew S. Dhas, Anish Sanchith, Chandan K R, and Vinay B V. "DIABETES PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING." International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2022.v0908.007.
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Diabetes is a fatal chronic illness that adversely affects every system in the body. This disease affects many people, and its adverse effects cause a sizable number of sufferers to pass away each year. High blood glucose levels are a concern for diabetic patients. It is quite challenging to make a robust and accurate prediction of diabetes due to the tiny amount of labeled data and outliers (or incomplete data) in the datasets for diabetes. We are putting up a reliable framework for diabetes prediction in this literature. Untreated diabetes may result in hearing loss, renal damage, heart and blood vessel disease, poor wound healing, and a few skin problems. For the classification, early diagnosis, and prediction of diabetes, a machine learning (ML)-based strategy has been put forth.
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Nita, Nicoleta, Johannes Kersten, Alexander Pott, Fabian Weber, Temsgen Tesfay, Marius-Tudor Benea, Patrick Metze, et al. "Real-Time Spiral CMR Is Superior to Conventional Segmented Cine-Imaging for Left-Ventricular Functional Assessment in Patients with Arrhythmia." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082088.
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(1) Background: Segmented Cartesian Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) often fails to deliver robust assessment of cardiac function in patients with arrhythmia. We aimed to assess the performance of a tiny golden-angle spiral real-time CMR sequence at 1.5 T for left-ventricular (LV) volumetry in patients with irregular heart rhythm; (2) Methods: We validated the real-time sequence against the standard breath-hold segmented Cartesian sequence in 32 patients, of whom 11 presented with arrhythmia. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) were assessed. In arrhythmic patients, real-time and standard Cartesian acquisitions were compared against a reference echocardiographic modality; (3) Results: In patients with sinus rhythm, good agreements and correlations were found between the segmented and real-time methods, with only minor, non-significant underestimation of EDV for the real-time sequence (135.95 ± 30 mL vs. 137.15 ± 31, p = 0.164). In patients with arrhythmia, spiral real-time CMR yielded superior image quality to the conventional segmented imaging, allowing for excellent agreement with the reference echocardiographic volumetry. In contrast, in this cohort, standard Cartesian CMR showed significant underestimation of LV-ESV (106.72 ± 63.51 mL vs. 125.47 ± 72.41 mL, p = 0.026) and overestimation of LVEF (42.96 ± 10.81% vs. 39.02 ± 11.72%, p = 0.039); (4) Conclusions: Real-time spiral CMR improves image quality in arrhythmic patients, allowing reliable assessment of LV volumetry.
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Johra, T. H., Nasima Akther, Sultana Rabeya, Md Abdullah Hil Kafi Khan, and Masuma Amanullah. "Observing the Use of Insulin Sensitizers for Ovulation Induction among PCOS Women." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i01.036.
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Introduction: In women of reproductive age, PCOS is a prevalent endocrine illness characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, many tiny ovarian cysts, and high levels of androgens. Insulin resistance is one of the leading causes of PCOS. Insulin sensitizers can help increase cells' sensitivity to insulin, allowing them to respond more effectively to insulin and transport glucose into the cells. Aim of the Study: The study's objective was to evaluate how PCOS women used insulin sensitizer as an ovulation inducer. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional research at the Manikganj 250 Bedded Sadar hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year, from January 2022 to December 2022. During this period, 100 patients with PCOS were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria for their participation in this study. Result: The study population consisted of young individuals with a mean age of 24.91 years, a moderate-to-high body mass index of 26.79 kg/m2, a moderate waist-to-hip ratio of 0.82, high fasting insulin level of 21.00 µIU/mL, high insulin area under the curve (AUC) of 308.32, moderate luteinizing hormone (LH) level of 10.90 mIU/mL, moderate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level of 5.43 mIU/mL, a high LH:FSH ratio of 2.02, and moderate free testosterone level of 2.72 pg/mL. After 4 months of treatment with metformin, 80% of the participants had ovulation induction, with 33% having at least one ovulation, 25% having 2 ovulations, and 6% having 4 ovulations. After continuous treatment with metformin for 16 weeks, the study population had a mean body mass index of 26.22 kg/m2, a moderate waist-to-hip ratio of 0.81, low fasting insulin level of 10.55 µIU/mL, low insulin area under the curve (AUC) of 183.00, low to moderate luteinizing hormone (LH) level of 5.32 mIU/mL, moderate follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) level of 4.80 mIU/mL, a low LH:FSH ratio of 1.10, and low free testosterone level of 1.33 pg/mL. .....
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Jin, Birui, Zhiguo Du, Chuyao Zhang, Zhao Yu, Xuemin Wang, Jie Hu, and Zedong Li. "Eu-Chelate Polystyrene Microsphere-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platform for hs-CRP Detection." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110977.
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Inflammation caused by viral or bacterial infection is a major threat to human health globally. Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proven to be a sensitive indicator for the occurrence and development of inflammation. Furthermore, a tiny change of blood CRP concentration may portend chronic diseases; therefore, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) detection in a quantitative, rapid, user-friendly, and low-cost manner is highly demanded. In this paper, we developed a europium-chelate polystyrene microsphere (EuPSM)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) integrating with a benchtop fluorescence analyzer for hs-CRP detection. The optimization of the EuPSM-based LFIA was implemented through adjusting the antibody density on EuPSM from 100% to 60% of the saturated density. Finally, the limit of detection of 0.76 pg/mL and detection range of 0.025–250 ng/mL were obtained. Moreover, the clinical application capability of the proposed platform was validated through detecting CRP in clinical serum samples, showing high consistency with the results obtained from the clinical standard method. Hence, the proposed EuPSM-based LFIA has been verified to be well suitable for hs-CRP detection, while also showing great applicability for sensitively and rapidly detecting other biomarkers.
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Luo, Chun-lei, Xin Mo, Jin-yang Li, Zhi-qing Tang, and Song-song Huang. "Coupling Synchronization Criterion of Two Hydraulic Motors in an Eccentric Rotary Vibration Machine." Shock and Vibration 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6086874.
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In an eccentric rotating system driven by two hydraulic motors without synchronous gears, vibration coupling may help render motion stable. In order to investigate how vibration coupling influences the motion, the coupling characteristics of the vibration system were studied regarding the differences between two motors such as leakage network, coulomb damping network, and pressure loss network, and the sensitivity of the influence factors was also studied. The influence of tiny differences between the two motors, tiny differences in the motion pair structure, in the oil temperature and in the resistance coefficient on the coupling motion were discovered, and the criterion for synchronous motion were obtained consequently. The results show that the influence of the resistance coefficient difference on system motion stability is the greatest, accounting for 46.7%, and the influence of the difference in motion pair structure (e.g. motor piston clearance) is the second, accounting for 32.8%. For motors with displacement 80 ml/r, the condition of self-synchronization is that the difference in piston clearance between the two motors is equal to or smaller than 6 μm. Experiments have proved the correctness of the theory and showed that the synchronization can be achieved by leakage compensation, damping compensation, and back-pressure compensation of the external system by means of control when the motors rotate slowly enough for system response. The study shows that the coupling synchronous model can reduce the force of the gear for the eccentricity rotary system with synchronous gear, and that the synchronous stability can be improved for the eccentricity rotary system without synchronous gear.
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García-Dorado, Aurora, and Araceli Gallego. "Comparing Analysis Methods for Mutation-Accumulation Data: A Simulation Study." Genetics 164, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.2.807.
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Abstract We simulated single-generation data for a fitness trait in mutation-accumulation (MA) experiments, and we compared three methods of analysis. Bateman-Mukai (BM) and maximum likelihood (ML) need information on both the MA lines and control lines, while minimum distance (MD) can be applied with or without the control. Both MD and ML assume gamma-distributed mutational effects. ML estimates of the rate of deleterious mutation had larger mean square error (MSE) than MD or BM had due to large outliers. MD estimates obtained by ignoring the mean decline observed from comparison to a control are often better than those obtained using that information. When effects are simulated using the gamma distribution, reducing the precision with which the trait is assayed increases the probability of obtaining no ML or MD estimates but causes no appreciable increase of the MSE. When the residual errors for the means of the simulated lines are sampled from the empirical distribution in a MA experiment, instead of from a normal one, the MSEs of BM, ML, and MD are practically unaffected. When the simulated gamma distribution accounts for a high rate of mild deleterious mutation, BM detects only ∼30% of the true deleterious mutation rate, while MD or ML detects substantially larger fractions. To test the robustness of the methods, we also added a high rate of common contaminant mutations with constant mild deleterious effect to a low rate of mutations with gamma-distributed deleterious effects and moderate average. In that case, BM detects roughly the same fraction as before, regardless of the precision of the assay, while ML fails to provide estimates. However, MD estimates are obtained by ignoring the control information, detecting ∼70% of the total mutation rate when the mean of the lines is assayed with good precision, but only 15% for low-precision assays. Contaminant mutations with only tiny deleterious effects could not be detected with acceptable accuracy by any of the above methods.
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Nakatake, Nobuhiro, Sunao Matsubayashi, Takeshi Hara, Shinya Satoh, and Hiroyuki Yamashita. "PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM ACCOMPANIED BY RECOVERY OF PARATHYROID BLOOD FLOW THREE MONTHS AFTER SPONTANEOUS PARATHYROID HEMORRHAGE." AACE Clinical Case Reports 6, no. 6 (November 2020): e322-e325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/accr-2020-0311.
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Objective: The objective of this report was to describe an unusual case of emerging primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) accompanied by recovery of parathyroid blood flow 3 months after spontaneous parathyroid hemorrhage. Methods: Neck images and laboratory tests including serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were performed to evaluate parathyroid hemorrhage. Pathologic findings after parathyroidectomy are also presented. Results: A 58-year-old woman developed acute onset of neck pain and swelling with ecchymosis. Computed tomography showed a right paratracheal hematoma-like lesion behind the thyroid. Ultrasound (US) of the neck revealed a round, hypoechoic nodule measuring 27 × 25 × 18 mm in the right lower thyroid pole without vascular flow. Blood tests showed a corrected calcium of 9.3 mg/dL (normal, 8.7 to 10.3 mg/dL), and intact PTH of 68 pg/mL (normal, 10 to 65 pg/mL). Intact PTH measurement in fine-needle aspirate of the lesion was 339 pg/mL, confirming parathyroid origin. Repeat US after 3 months showed a remarkable decrease in lesion size with significant blood flow. Blood biochemistry showed a corrected calcium of 10.9 mg/dL, and an intact PTH of 237 pg/mL. She eventually underwent parathyroidectomy, and pathologic examination revealed parathyroid adenoma with a tiny thrombus. Conclusion: Spontaneous remission of PHPT after parathyroid hemorrhage has been known to occur sporadically, a phenomenon referred to as autoparathyroidectomy. Although spontaneous remission with permanent improvement of PHPT may be observed, PHPT can recur in the relative short term after parathyroid hemorrhage, and so follow-up blood biochemistry surveillance is necessary. Also, evaluating parathyroid blood flow using color Doppler US might be useful in verifying the recurrence of PHPT.
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Veilumuthu, P., and Christopher J. Godwin. "Antimicrobial compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. VITGV01 against selected human pathogens." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1712rjbt16028.
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Streptomyces are well known to produce a large number of diverse compounds. An endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. VITGV01 was isolated from a farm tomato plant. Isolated actinomycetes are cultured in ISP2 medium supplemented with nystatin (15μg/ml) and nalidixic acid (50μg/ml). A total of 240 actinomycetes were isolated and 77 showed antimicrobial properties. One strain that exhibited a high zone of inhibition on primary screening was selected (VITGV01). The SEM studies revealed filamentous tubular structures with continuous aerial hyphae differentiated into tiny, smooth-surfaced chainlike spores. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis and physiological tests, this isolate was found to be a member of the genus Streptomyces suggesting that it might be a new sp. Maximum biomass production was recorded in media containing 1% sucrose and 1% yeast extract cultured at pH 7.0 for 15 days at 300C. The secondary metabolites were active against Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 2756), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109). A maximum zone of inhibition was observed against K. pneumoniae (22 mm) and a minimal zone of inhibition against B. subtilis (8 mm). FTIR analysis revealed amine, alkane (C=C) aromatic ring, secondary alcohol and alkyl halide groups. The GCMS data showed twenty different compounds, of which fifteen are antimicrobial.
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Hassan Nelson, Lauren Juliette, and Sarika Rao. "Post Menopausal Hyperandrogenism: A Case of a Steroid Cell Tumor of the Ovary." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1593.
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Abstract Introduction: Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a rare condition that causes hirsutism, virilization, and clitoromegaly that should be carefully evaluated in order to avoid overlooking an androgen secreting tumor (1). Case: A 48 year old African American female with a prior history of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) presented for evaluation of hirsutism. Of note, she also underwent menopause at age 41 after receiving chemotherapy for a history of multiple myeloma, and she has been on steroids since the time of her diagnosis. On exam, she had thick, dark hair growth on her chin, upper lip, and chest, as well as male-patterned baldness, acne, easy bruising, proximal muscle weakness, deep voice, and elevated blood pressure. Prior to endocrinology evaluation, she was started on spironolactone 25 mg BID. Lab work up included dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) 73 mcg/dL (27-240 mcg/dL), 17-hydroxyprogesterone 74 ng/dL (31-455 ng/dL), androstenedione 271 ng/dL (30-200 ng/dL), total testosterone 763 ng/dL (8-60 ng/dL), bioavailable testosterone 244 ng/dL (0.8-10 ng/dL), hemoglobin A1c 4.3%, follicle stimulating hormone 30 IU/L, luteinizing hormone 23.9 IU/L, insulin 11 mcIU/mL (2.6-24.9 mcIU/mL), glucose 71, insulin-like growth factor 1 236 ng/mL (44-227 ng/mL) with subsequent normal glucose suppression test. While transvaginal ultrasound did not note any abnormal findings, a computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis showed a new hyperdense focus in the left ovary as well as a tiny right adrenal nodule, most likely an adenoma. Follow up magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a 1.6 cm enhancing solid left ovarian mass; it also confirmed a right adrenal adenoma and left adrenal thickening versus a tiny adenoma. Urine metanephrines and catecholamines were normal. Patient had total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy; pathology showed a steroid cell tumor. Conclusion: Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism has several causes: insulin resistance, PCOS, non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, medications, and tumors of the ovaries or adrenals. Severe hyperandrogenemia should raise the suspicion of an ovarian or adrenal neoplasm, necessitating prompt imaging (1). Certain imaging may not reveal smaller masses, and additional imaging or ovarian/adrenal vein sampling may be needed. Typically, an elevated DHEAS with a high testosterone suggests an adrenal source, while androstenedione can be elevated in both glands. Once identified, the involved gland is surgically resected. This patient was found to have a steroid cell tumor, which has malignant potential. They make up less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors (2). Initial treatment is surgical resection and may necessitate chemotherapy if malignant. 1) Markopoulos MC, Kassi E, Alexandraki KI, Mastorakos G, Kaltsas G. Hyperandrogenism after menopause. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Feb;172(2):R79-91. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-0468. Epub 2014 Sep 15. PMID: 25225480.2) Hayes, Mary C. M.D.; Scully, Robert E. M.D. Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumors (Not Otherwise Specified), The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: November 1987 - Volume 11 - Issue 11 - p 835-845
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Arai, Nobuhiko, Kazunari Yachi, Ryutaro Ishihara, and Takao Fukushima. "Adenomyosis-associated recurrent acute cerebral infarction mimicking Trousseau’s syndrome: A case study and review of literature." Surgical Neurology International 13 (April 29, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_252_2022.
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Background: Adenomyosis is a common and benign uterine disease. Acute cerebral infarction (CI) associated with adenomyosis is rarely reported and difficult to treat. We experienced successful treatment for this disease. Case Description: A 50-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of visual disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple tiny diffusion-weighted high-density spots on several lobes. No common risk factors for stroke were detected. Cancer antigen 125 level was 999 U/mL, along with massively expanded uterus and adnexa. Based on the diagnosis of benign adenomyosis, Xa inhibitor and GnRH agonists were administered for CI and adenomyosis, respectively. Acute CI recurred 7 days after admission. We suspected a relationship between infarction and adenomyosis and concluded hysterectomy as a proper treatment strategy based on the literature. Eighteen months after hysterectomy, no recurrence of CI without anti-thrombus medications has been detected. Conclusion: Hysterectomy is a radical therapy that is effective in preventing acute CI due to adenomyosis associated with ischemic symptoms.
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Gay, T., J. K. Rendell, J. Spiro, K. Mosier, and A. G. Lurie. "Coordination of oral cavity and laryngeal movements during swallowing." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.357.
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In this study, dynamic imaging was used to track the movements of oral cavity and laryngeal structures during swallowing in 10 normal adults subjects. The movements of tiny lead pellet markers attached to the lips, tongue, mandible, and soft palate, as well as anatomic landmarks on the hyoid bone, were measured in relation to a reference pellet affixed to the upper central incisors. Sagittal views of the oral cavity were obtained using standard videofluorography. Each subject produced 10 swallows of 12 ml of tap water followed by 5 swallows with a bite block placed between the molars. The recorded video images were input to a microcomputer where the x- and y-coordinates of the pellets were measured. Results of the analyses revealed considerable temporal overlap in the timing of oral cavity and laryngeal movements, widespread individual variability in coordination patterns and movement trajectories, and selective effects of the bite block. These data suggest the existence of individual adaptive strategies in the programming and control of swallowing movements.
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Hu, Yuhang, and Haotian Gan. "Predictive Analysis of Hospital HIS System Usage Satisfaction Based on Machine Learning." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1366407.
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Hospital information system (HIS) can provide a full range of information support for various hospital business activities and information collection, processing, and transmission, helping medical service providers. And HIS can reduce medical service costs and improve work efficiency, greatly reducing errors in diagnosis and treatment. Although the advantages of using the HIS are obvious, there are still some challenges in its use, the most prominent being how to make the medical staff use HIS effectively. Based on this background, this paper uses machine learning (ML) technology to predict and analyze the satisfaction of HIS use in hospitals and completes the following work: firstly, introduce the situation and development trend of HIS construction at home and abroad and provide theoretical basis for model design. The related development technologies are discussed and studied in detail. Second, the ML algorithm is used to provide a prediction strategy. The support vector machine (SVM) can handle small data sets well, and this study applies the AdaBoost technique to improve the model’s generalization ability and accuracy. Lastly, a diversity metric is included to guarantee that the basic learner has good variety in order to increase the algorithm’s performance. Accuracy rates may reach more than 95% in the case of tiny data sets, according to the self-built data set used for testing. This proves the superiority of the model proposed in this paper.
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Mali, P. Y., and S. Goyal. "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL SCREENING OF EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI STEM-BARK." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 05 (July 1, 2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.05.12270.
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Euphorbia tirucalli L. is a flowering shrub or tiny tree, indigenous to temperate regions. It is useful in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, dyspepsia, colic, jaundice and some more ailments. Aim of the present investigation was to study pharmacognostical and physico-chemical screening of E. tirucalli stem-bark. Fresh and dried stem-bark with powder of E. tirucalli was evaluated using macroscopic and microscopic appraisal. Physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical, fluorescence and quantitative evaluation along with primary HPTLC fingerprinting analysis were performed. Macroscopic appraisal confirmed that E. tirucalli has herbaceous odour with tongue sensitizing bitter taste. Dried stems are greenish brown and surface is longitudinally finely striated. Microscopic appraisal of stem-bark consists of epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. Foreign matter was found to be 0.26%. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ashes were found to be 3.66%, 0.33% and 3.39%, respectively. Loss on drying was 6.58%. Swelling and foaming index were 6.92 mL and 200 mL, respectively. Quantitative evaluation suggested that the stem-bark has 0.38% and 4.60% alkaloid and saponin contents, respectively. HPTLC fingerprinting of ET6 extract fraction showed Rf values 0.04 (255 nm, 365 nm), 0.20 (400 nm), 0.21 (290 nm), 0.27 (400 nm) and others at various concentrations. Present investigation aids in developing the quality control parameters for standardization of E. tirucalli stem-bark.
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Huda Sajer Nassir, Zeyad Gattea Al-Rikabi, Muntaha A. Al-Safar, and Zainab Talal Al-Berikdar. "A Cytogenetic Study of the Effect of Bee Venom on the Genetic Material in the Laboratory Mice." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (October 26, 2022): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.108.
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Bee venom (BV) therapy was used to treat various diseases. It is a tiny essential peptide with a powerful hemolytic feature composed of a known series of amino acids. Since melittin is a non-specific cy¦tolytic pe¦ptide attacking lip¦id m¦embranes which contribute to toxicity, it is suspected that it could have important therapeutic benefits. This study aims t¦o use a multi-biomarker approach to assess the cytogenotoxic ef¦fects o¦f melittin i¦n periph¦eral blo¦od lym¦phocytes of mice and th¦e mole¦cular mechan¦isms invol¦ved. Control and treatment groups are divided into one hundred and fifty mice. Bee venom has been combined with four separates dose of melittin in the peritoneal (500, 350, 300 and 250) μg/ml. The results of the experiment showed that significant difference in the first group which injected with melittin intra peritoneal 0.2 ml and the second group in mitotic index (MI), where the differences were respectively 8.00 ± 0.56 for the first group and the second group 6.90 ± 0.31. In the case of micro nuclei examination, we also showed significant differences in the third group, where the difference was 14.7 ± 0.29. In the case of micronuclei examination, also there were significant differences in the third group, where the difference was 14.7 ± 0.29.
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Okamoto, Michinari, Shigeru Yamaguchi, Yukitomo Ishi, Hiroaki Motegi, Yukayo Terashita, Shinsuke Hirabayashi, Minako Sugiyama, et al. "GCT-31. DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITY OF CSF-PLAP ON INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMOR." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.251.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Since the majority of intracranial germ cell tumor(GCT) is sensitive for chemoradiation, biopsy specimens are usually tiny and not enough for accurate pathological diagnosis. To supply complementary diagnostic information, a-fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin-b are important biomarkers. Recently CSF-placental alkaline-phosphatase(PLAP) is also reported as an additional biomarker in intracranial GCT. This study’s purpose is to evaluate the significance of CSF-PLAP. METHODS CSF-PLAP was obtained from the patients with the intraventricular and periventricular tumor before any adjuvant therapy. Definitive diagnoses were made by histopathological information and/or their clinical courses; GCT(germinoma or non-germinomatous GCT(NGGCT)) or other tumors. In GCT, the relationship between CSF-PLAP and tumor reduction volume was evaluated. Tumor volumes were calculated on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging before and after initial chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2019, 42 patients were studied: 24 with GCT and 18 with others. CSF-PLAP value in patients with GCT was significantly higher than those with others: the Specificity was 88% and the sensitivity was 95% at the cutoff value of 8.0 pg/ml. For GCT patients, CSF-PLAP value tended to be higher in germinoma(n=12, mean 4756 pg/ml), compared to the value in NGGCT(n=7, mean 332 pg/ml), although there was no statistical difference. There was a significant positive correlation between initial CSF-PLAP value and tumor reduction volume. CONCLUSION CSF-PLAP is a useful tumor marker for GCT differentiating from the other tumors located in intraventricular and periventricular region and CSF-PLAP value might correlate with the volume of germinomatous component of the tumor.
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Kleebkaow, Pilaiwan, Apiwat Aue-aungkul, Amornrat Temtanakitpaisan, and Chumnan Kietpeerakool. "Borderline Clear Cell Adenofibroma of the Ovary." Case Reports in Pathology 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3860107.
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Borderline clear cell tumors are extremely rare, and few cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case of borderline clear cell adenofibroma of the ovary in a 58-year-old woman who presented with a pelvic mass and constipation. Physical examination revealed a 10 cm solid midline pelvic mass. Computed tomography showed an 8 cm heterogeneous enhancing mass attached to the left posterolateral wall of the uterus. The patient’s serum CA 125 levels were slightly elevated (80.9 U/ml). The patient was given a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy. On gross examination, it was found that the left ovarian tumor was an 8.0 × 7.5 × 8.0 cm solid multilobulated mass containing tiny cysts. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small glands in dense fibrous and myxoid stroma. The glands were lined with cuboidal cells with clear cytoplasm and mild to moderate nuclear atypia. No stromal invasion was observed. The pathological diagnosis was borderline clear cell adenofibroma of the left ovary. There was no reoccurrence 36 months post operation.
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Nguyen, Tuan Manh, and Jaisoo Kim. "Bacillus polymachus sp. nov., with a broad range of antibacterial activity, isolated from forest topsoil samples by using a modified culture method." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_2 (February 1, 2015): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.070326-0.
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A new, modified culture method that utilizes a transwell plate with a 0.4 µm pore-size microporous membrane was developed. This system allows only trace nutrients from the soil into the liquid culture through the microporous membrane. The method is a more powerful tool for the discovery of novel species from soils than are traditional methods. Such newly identified species could potentially produce useful metabolites. A bacterial strain, T515T, was isolated using this modified culture method. Growth of strain T515T occurred at pH 4–9 in a temperature range between 20 °C and 40 °C and in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl on R2A agar. Colonies on the agar plates were tiny, white, and convex after 5 days incubation at 28 °C. Comparative analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T515T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Bacillus , and strain T515T was most closely related to Bacillus panaciterrae Gsoil 1517T (96.7 %) and Bacillus funiculus NAF001T (96.0 %). The major quinone of strain T515T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (23.2 %) and C16 : 0 (10.9 %). The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T515T was sensitive to streptomycin and tetracycline, but resistant to rifampicin (0.125 µg ml−1), ampicillin (0.5 µg ml−1) and chloramphenicol (1 µg ml−1). The strain showed antimicrobial activities against the six strains tested: Bacillus subtilis KEMB 51201-001, Staphylococcus aureus KEMB 4659, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KACC 10185, Staphylococcus epidermidis KACC 13234, Paenibacillus larvae KACC 14031 and Escherichia coli KEMB 212-234. Based on these results, strain T515T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus with the proposed name, Bacillus polymachus sp. nov. The type strain is T515T ( = KEMB 9005-168T = KACC 18242T = NBRC 110614T).
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Skutnik, Emily, Rachel Kinney, Rebecca Lopes, Chun Siu, Angela Magdaleno, and Gretchen Perilli. "The Difficulty of Post-Operative Surveillance of Calcitonin Negative Medullary Thyroid Cancer." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1839.
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Abstract Background: As a differentiated thyroid tumor, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) typically maintains the secretory function of the c-cells with resultant increase in serum calcitonin level along with frequent elevations in serum chromogranin A (CgA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Clinical Presentation: A 71-year-old female with history of multinodular goiter underwent a thyroid nodule biopsy after routine ultrasound surveillance revealed enlargement of two right lower lobe nodules compared with prior imaging. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of one 3.1 x 1.9 x 2.7 cm right thyroid nodule revealed cellular material composed of spindle-shaped neoplastic cells, some of them with marked cytologic atypia, suspicious for a neuroendocrine tumor, specifically medullary thyroid carcinoma. A PET/CT scan was performed after injection of Gallium-68 dotatate radiotracer and revealed intense focal radiotracer activity in the approximately 2.5 x 2.1 cm right thyroid mid lower pole heterogeneous hypodense mass with tiny calcification inferiorly, consistent with the patient’s known tumor. There was no evidence of cervical octreotate avid metastatic lymphadenopathy and a chest x-ray showed no evidence of active pulmonary disease. The patient subsequently underwent a right partial thyroidectomy with isthmusectomy. Histopathology revealed a 2.8 x 1.9 x 1.9 cm neoplasm composed of spindle and polygonal cells growing in solid nests with neuroendocrine-type nuclei. Immunostains showed the tumor to be positive for AE1-AE3 cytokeratins, chromogranin, synaptophysin and CEA. It was focally positive for TTF-1 and calcitonin. Thyroglobulin and PAX-8 were negative. Using the AJCC 8th edition staging system, the tumor was staged a pT2Nx with margins uninvolved by carcinoma and no extrathyroidal extension or lymphatic invasion. Angioinvasion was present. Additional serum studies included a normal calcitonin value of <2.0 pg/ml (reference range 0-5.1 pg/ml), CEA 2.6 ng/ml (reference range <6.0 ng/ml), and a mildly elevated chromagranin A at 133 ng/ml (reference range 0-95 ng/ml). Plasma metanephrines, normetanephrines, vasoactive peptide, and glucagon levels were all unremarkable. Our patient’s surgical recovery was normal and two months later she remained asymptomatic without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Discussion: The diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of medullary thyroid cancer is challenging; even more complicated is the rare case of calcitonin-negative MTC. The cause of calcitonin-negative MTC remains unclear. Further studies are needed for the discovery and development of novel biomarkers for post-operative surveillance and evaluation of clinical relapse.
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Samnioti, Anna, Vassiliki Anastasiadou, and Vassilis Gaganis. "Application of Machine Learning to Accelerate Gas Condensate Reservoir Simulation." Clean Technologies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4010011.
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According to the roadmap toward clean energy, natural gas has been pronounced as the perfect transition fuel. Unlike usual dry gas reservoirs, gas condensates yield liquid which remains trapped in reservoir pores due to high capillarity, leading to the loss of an economically valuable product. To compensate, the gas produced on the surface is stripped from its heavy components and reinjected back to the reservoir as dry gas thus causing revaporization of the trapped condensate. To optimize this gas recycling process compositional reservoir simulation is utilized, which, however, takes very long to complete due to the complexity of the governing differential equations implicated. The calculations determining the prevailing k-values at every grid block and at each time step account for a great part of total CPU time. In this work machine learning (ML) is employed to accelerate thermodynamic calculations by providing the prevailing k-values in a tiny fraction of the time required by conventional methods. Regression tools such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained against k-values that have been obtained beforehand by running sample simulations on small domains. Subsequently, the trained regression tools are embedded in the simulators acting thus as proxy models. The prediction error achieved is shown to be negligible for the needs of a real-world gas condensate reservoir simulation. The CPU time gain is at least one order of magnitude, thus rendering the proposed approach as yet another successful step toward the implementation of ML in the clean energy field.
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Khondaker, Md Tawkat Islam, Junaed Younus Khan, Mahmoud Ahmed Refaee, Nady El Hajj, M. Sohel Rahman, and Tanvir Alam. "Obesity in Qatar: A Case-Control Study on the Identification of Associated Risk Factors." Diagnostics 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110883.
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Obesity is an emerging public health problem in the Western world as well as in the Gulf region. Qatar, a tiny wealthy county, is among the top-ranked obese countries with a high obesity rate among its population. Compared to Qatar’s severity of this health crisis, only a limited number of studies focused on the systematic identification of potential risk factors using multimodal datasets. This study aims to develop machine learning (ML) models to distinguish healthy from obese individuals and reveal potential risk factors associated with obesity in Qatar. We designed a case-control study focused on 500 Qatari subjects, comprising 250 obese and 250 healthy individuals- the later forming the control group. We obtained the most extensive collection of clinical measurements for the Qatari population from the Qatar Biobank (QBB) repertoire, including (i) Physio-clinical Biomarkers, (ii) Spirometry, (iii) VICORDER, (iv) DXA scan composition, and (v) DXA scan densitometry readings. We developed several machine learning (ML) models to distinguish healthy from obese individuals and applied multiple feature selection techniques to identify potential risk factors associated with obesity. The proposed ML model achieved over 90% accuracy, thereby outperforming the existing state of the art models. The outcome from the ablation study on multimodal clinical datasets revealed physio-clinical measurements as the most influential risk factors in distinguishing healthy versus obese subjects. Furthermore, multiple feature ranking techniques confirmed known obesity risk factors (c-peptide, insulin, albumin, uric acid) and identified potential risk factors linked to obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes (e.g., HbA1c, glucose), liver function (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase), lipid profile (e.g., triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol), etc. Most of the DXA measurements (e.g., bone area, bone mineral composition, bone mineral density, etc.) were significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher in the obese group. Overall, the net effect of hypothesized protective factors of obesity on bone mass seems to have surpassed the hypothesized harmful factors. All the identified factors warrant further investigation in a clinical setup to understand their role in obesity.
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Elsilk, Sobhy E., Maha A. Khalil, Tamer A. Aboshady, Fatin A. Alsalmi, and Sameh S. Ali. "Streptomyces rochei MS-37 as a Novel Marine Actinobacterium for Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 7296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217296.
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Periodontitis, as one of the most common diseases on a global scale, is a public health concern. Microbial resistance to currently available antimicrobial agents is becoming a growing issue in periodontal treatment. As a result, it is critical to develop effective and environmentally friendly biomedical approaches to overcome such challenges. The investigation of Streptomyces rochei MS-37’s performance may be the first of its kind as a novel marine actinobacterium for the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and potentials as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibiofilm, and antioxidant candidates suppressing membrane-associated dental infections. Streptomyces rochei MS-37, a new marine actinobacterial strain, was used in this study for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for various biomedical applications. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed a peak at 429 nm for the SNPs. The SNPs were spherical, tiny (average 23.2 nm by TEM, 59.4 nm by DLS), very stable (−26 mV), and contained capping agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the SNPs that showed potential antibacterial action ranged from 8 to 128 µg/mL. Periodontal pathogens were used to perform qualitative evaluations of microbial adhesion and bacterial penetration through guided tissue regeneration membranes. The findings suggested that the presence of the SNPs could aid in the suppression of membrane-associated infection. Furthermore, when the anti-inflammatory action of the SNPs was tested using nitric oxide radical scavenging capacity and protein denaturation inhibition, it was discovered that the SNPs were extremely efficient at scavenging nitric oxide free radicals and had a strong anti-denaturation impact. The SNPs were found to be more cytotoxic to CAL27 than to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with IC50 values of 81.16 µg/mL in PBMCs and 34.03 µg/mL in CAL27. This study’s findings open a new avenue for using marine actinobacteria for silver nanoparticle biosynthesis, which holds great promise for a variety of biomedical applications, in particular periodontal treatment.
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Bachy, Charles, Lisa Sudek, Chang Jae Choi, Charlotte A. Eckmann, Eva-Maria Nöthig, Katja Metfies, and Alexandra Z. Worden. "Phytoplankton Surveys in the Arctic Fram Strait Demonstrate the Tiny Eukaryotic Alga Micromonas and Other Picoprasinophytes Contribute to Deep Sea Export." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050961.
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Critical questions exist regarding the abundance and, especially, the export of picophytoplankton (≤2 µm diameter) in the Arctic. These organisms can dominate chlorophyll concentrations in Arctic regions, which are subject to rapid change. The picoeukaryotic prasinophyte Micromonas grows in polar environments and appears to constitute a large, but variable, proportion of the phytoplankton in these waters. Here, we analyze 81 samples from the upper 100 m of the water column from the Fram Strait collected over multiple years (2009–2015). We also analyze sediment trap samples to examine picophytoplankton contributions to export, using both 18S rRNA gene qPCR and V1-V2 16S rRNA Illumina amplicon sequencing to assess the Micromonas abundance within the broader diversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes based on the phylogenetic placement of plastid-derived 16S amplicons. The material sequenced from the sediment traps in July and September 2010 showed that 11.2 ± 12.4% of plastid-derived amplicons are from picoplanktonic prasinophyte algae and other green lineage (Viridiplantae) members. In the traps, Micromonas dominated (83.6% ± 21.3%) in terms of the overall relative abundance of Viridiplantae amplicons, specifically the species Micromonas polaris. Temporal variations in Micromonas abundances quantified by qPCR were also observed, with higher abundances in the late-July traps and deeper traps. In the photic zone samples, four prasinophyte classes were detected in the amplicon data, with Micromonas again being the dominant prasinophyte, based on the relative abundance (89.4% ± 8.0%), but with two species (M. polaris and M. commoda-like) present. The quantitative PCR assessments showed that the photic zone samples with higher Micromonas abundances (>1000 gene copies per mL) had significantly lower standing stocks of phosphate and nitrate, and a shallower average depth (20 m) than those with fewer Micromonas. This study shows that despite their size, prasinophyte picophytoplankton are exported to the deep sea, and that Micromonas is particularly important within this size fraction in Arctic marine ecosystems.
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Omkar, Dr SN, Nikhil Asogekar, and Sudarshan Rathi. "DETECTION, TRACKING AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROGUE DRONES USING COMPUTER VISION." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i03.003.
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The increase in the volume of UAVs has been rapid in the past few years. The utilization of drones has increased considerably in the military and commercial setups, with UAVs of all sizes, shapes, and types being used for various applications, from recreational flying to purpose-driven missions. This development has come with challenges and has been identified as a potential source of operational disruptions leading to various security complications, including threats to Critical Infrastructures (CI). Thus, the need for developing fully autonomous antiUAV Defense Systems (AUDS) hasn't been more imminent than today. To attenuate and nullify the threat posed by the UAVs, either deliberately or otherwise, this paper presents the holistic design and operational prototype of drone detection technology based on visual detection using Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Machine Learning (ML) to detect, track and classify drones accurately. The proposed system uses a background-subtracted frame difference technique for detecting moving objects partnered with a Pan-Tilt tracking system powered by Raspberry Pi to track the moving object. The identification of moving objects is made by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) system called the YOLO v4-tiny ML algorithm. The novelty of the proposed system lies in its accuracy, effectiveness with low-cost sensing equipment, and better performance compared to other alternatives. Along with ease of operations, combining the system with other systems like RADAR could be a real game-changer in detection technology. The experimental validation of the proposed technology was justified in various tests in an uncontrolled outdoor environment (in the presence of clouds, birds, trees, rain, etc.), proving to be equally effective in all the situations yielding high-quality results.
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Mirilas, Petros, Demetres M. Demetriades, and Yanis S. Siatitsas. "Epithelial (Epidermoid) Splenic Cysts in Childhood: Surgical Management of Eight Cases." American Surgeon 68, no. 2 (February 2002): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480206800206.
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We report eight cases of splenic epithelial cysts in childhood to summarize our clinical experience and to discuss surgical management. Six boys and two girls, aged 8 to 14 years (mean 10.8 years) were diagnosed over a 16-year period. No patients had a history of preceding trauma or related infection. Presenting symptoms were dull (two) or acute (one) left hypochondrium pain and diffuse abdominal pain (one). In four children the cyst was an incidental finding. Ultrasound and/or CT revealed cysts of diameter 2.9 to 14 cm and radionuclide scan showed a reduced uptake in the splenic area of concern. At operation variable amounts—up to 1500 mL—of liquid were aspirated from the cysts. Splenic artery ligation was undertaken in six cases adjunctively to cystectomy. One total splenectomy was performed because the splenic parenchyma was totally replaced by the cyst. Recurrence occurred in one case, in which multiple tiny communicating cysts were detected. Histology revealed epithelial (n = 5) or stratified squamous (n = 3) lining. Five patients were seen again 0.5 to 5 years later and they were asymptomatic and with a normal ultrasound, CT, or radionuclide scan. Cyst excision was an effective treatment. Adjunctive splenic artery ligation when performed controlled hemorrhage. Other surgical methods to manage splenic cysts are discussed.
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Vaidyanathan, Subramanian, Gurpreet Singh, Peter L. Hughes, and Bakul M. Soni. "Acute Urinary Obstruction in a Tetraplegic Patient from Misplacement of Catheter in Urethra." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 9 (January 2016): CCRep.S30885. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrep.s30885.
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A male tetraplegic patient attended accident and emergency with a blocked catheter; on removing the catheter, he passed bloody urine. After three unsuccessful attempts were made to insert a catheter by nursing staff, a junior doctor inserted a three-way Foley catheter with a 30-mL balloon but inflated the balloon with 10 mL of water to commence the bladder irrigation. The creatinine level was mostly 19 μmol/L (range: 0–135 μmol/L) but increased to 46 μmol/L on day 7. Computerized tomography urogram revealed that the bilateral hydronephrosis with hydroureter was extended down to urinary bladder, the bladder was distended, prostatic urethra was dilated and filled with urine, and although the balloon of Foley catheter was not seen in the bladder, the tip of the catheter was seen lying in the urethra. Following the re-catheterization, the creatinine level decreased to 21 μmol/L. A follow-up ultrasound scan revealed no evidence of hydronephrosis in both kidneys. Flexible cystoscopy revealed inflamed bladder mucosa, catheter reaction, and tiny stones. There was no bladder tumor. This case report concludes that the cause of bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and distended bladder was inadequate drainage of urinary bladder as the Foley balloon that was under-filled slipped into the urethra resulting in an obstruction to urine flow. Urethral catheterization in tetraplegic patients should be performed by senior, experienced staff in order to avoid trauma and incorrect positioning. Tetraplegic subjects with decreased muscle mass have low creatinine level. Increase in creatinine level (>1.5 times the basal level) indicates acute kidney injury, although peak creatinine level may still be within laboratory reference range. While scanning the urinary tract of spinal cord injury patients with indwelling urinary catheter, if Foley balloon is not seen within the bladder, urethra should be scanned to locate the Foley balloon.
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Anggraini, Devina Ingrid, Eka Susanti Hp, and Erliena Okta Guna Santosa. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF Cu(II) ION AND TiO2-CATALYZED PARACETAMOL PHOTODEGRADATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD IN WASTE TREATMENT." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.2.726.163-174.
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<p>Recently, the issue of heavy metals are wastes is become popular such as Cu, Co, Pb, and etc. Furthermore, the presence of Cu together with paracetamol as pharmacy waste. Photocatalytic process could be an alternative to avoid the situation. This research investigated the influence of irradiation and the initial concentration of paracetamol toward TiO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed photoreduction of Cu(II). The research aims to develop a photoreduction method that is catalyzed by TiO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of paracetamol in reducing Cu(II) and paracetamol concentration. Cu(II) photoreduction process was (II) conducted in a close reactor equipped with a UV lamp. The remaining Cu(II) in solution was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine its concentration and paracetamol concentration by visible spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the use of photocatalyst TiO<sub>2</sub>improves the photoreduction of Cu(II), 15-45 minutes irradiation also contributes the increment, over the time a tiny decrease in photoreduction effectivity occur, however. At initial paracetamol concentration, 50 to 250 mg/L lead to an increase in photodegradation of paracetamol, and large decline occur over e.i. 250 mg/L, however. The presence of paracetamol may increase the effectiveness of Cu(II) photoreduction due to the prevention of radical OH<sup>•</sup> and electrons recombination. The most effective photoreduction of 25 mL solution of ion Cu(II) 10 mg/L is readily achieve in reaction conditions using 20 mg of TiO<sub>2</sub> by 45 minutes irradiation in the present of 25 mL of paracetamol 250 mg/L. By those Cu(II) ion was reduced by 98.87 % and 14.73 % of paracetamol was degraded.</p>
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Anggraini, Devina Ingrid, Eka Susanti Hp, and Erliena Okta Guna Santosa. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF Cu(II) ION AND TiO2-CATALYZED PARACETAMOL PHOTODEGRADATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD IN WASTE TREATMENT." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i2.726.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Recently, the issue of heavy metals are wastes is become popular such as Cu, Co, Pb, and etc. Furthermore, the presence of Cu together with paracetamol as pharmacy waste. Photocatalytic process could be an alternative to avoid the situation. This research investigated the influence of irradiation and the initial concentration of paracetamol toward TiO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed photoreduction of Cu(II). The research aims to develop a photoreduction method that is catalyzed by TiO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of paracetamol in reducing Cu(II) and paracetamol concentration. Cu(II) photoreduction process was (II) conducted in a close reactor equipped with a UV lamp. The remaining Cu(II) in solution was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine its concentration and paracetamol concentration by visible spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the use of photocatalyst TiO<sub>2</sub>improves the photoreduction of Cu(II), 15-45 minutes irradiation also contributes the increment, over the time a tiny decrease in photoreduction effectivity occur, however. At initial paracetamol concentration, 50 to 250 mg/L lead to an increase in photodegradation of paracetamol, and large decline occur over e.i. 250 mg/L, however. The presence of paracetamol may increase the effectiveness of Cu(II) photoreduction due to the prevention of radical OH<sup>•</sup> and electrons recombination. The most effective photoreduction of 25 mL solution of ion Cu(II) 10 mg/L is readily achieve in reaction conditions using 20 mg of TiO<sub>2</sub> by 45 minutes irradiation in the present of 25 mL of paracetamol 250 mg/L. By those Cu(II) ion was reduced by 98.87 % and 14.73 % of paracetamol was degraded.</p>
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Jacobs, Trent. "Micro-Slimtube Shrinks EOR Screening From Months to a Week." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0221-0029-jpt.
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Oilfield testing firm Interface Fluidics says it is one step closer to reinventing the industry’s pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) testing portfolio after the development of a smaller, faster version of yet another laboratory stalwart. Representing the newest alternative to the slimtube test is the micro-slimtube test. A conventional slimtube test involves flowing gas through a sand- or glass-bead-packed metal coil that may be 1 to 4 mm wide and some 40 to 80 ft long to see how it mixes and mobilizes oil with samples also inside the tube. The test and subsequent analysis usually take a few months to complete. For a generation, this has been considered time well spent by anyone preparing to invest millions of dollars to prop up an aged asset through gas-injection-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR). But the times are changing. Interface Fluidics’ innovation, which it developed in close partnership with Equinor, measures only about 1.5 in long and generates results in about a week - about 95% sooner than the conventional bench method. The new test also reduces costs by around 75% while using a reservoir fluid sample that’s 99% smaller (10 ml vs. 1 liter). “It’s the same story over and over again - we’re miniaturizing the big stuff and putting it on a chip,” said Stuart Kinnear, CEO of Interface Fluidics. Founded in 2016, the Calgary-based firm helped introduce microfluidic technology to the oil industry with glass and silicon chips that it calls “reservoir analogues.” A well-established enabler in the healthcare industry, microfluidic devices of various stripes are routinely used to rapidly screen new drugs or to study how blood cells move through tiny veins and capillaries. In the upstream industry, Interface Fluidics is part of much smaller group of specialists proving that the devices are also ideal for screening production-enhancing chemicals and to study how oil moves about the tiny pathways of a reservoir rock (SPE 188895). The firm first showed how this works by replicating reservoir rock samples onto its chips as an alternative to core flood experiments. For oil and gas producers and their chemical providers alike (SPE 189780), the lower-cost devices made it affordable to run dozens of tests to determine how various chemistries affect flow behavior in specific geologies.
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Krylova, Anna I., Elena A. Sotnikova, and Aleksandra B. Golbits. "The use of contrast media in radiology in children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped71111-119.
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Using of contrast media (CM) during traditional x-ray examination, CT, MRI plays an important role in obtain information. This information can be crucial for the final diagnosis or making choice of treatment in different areas of medicine, like surgery, pediatrics, oncology, etc. Principles regarding contrast media utilization and associated adverse events are generally similar between children and adults, but of course have some important differences. The main peculiarities of introducing contrast in children are: using small volume of contrast media (1,5-2 ml/kg); small gauge angiocatheters (for example, 24-gauge) located in tiny peripheral vessels. It makes performing this method more hard in newborns and small children. Dose of CM is calculated according body weight and concentration of the stuff. It is important not to forget about optimal temperature mode during introducing CM. As any invasive method introducing of CM can be associated with some complications. The most frequent complications in pediatric patients are contract-induced allergy and contract-induced nephrotoxicity. The assessment of renal function in children is determined by the special formula (Schwartz Equation). General guidelines for the prevention of allergic-like reactions in children are similar to those used for adult patients and include premedication regimen, using a combination of corticosteroid and antihistamine. It is necessary to apply modern multi-layer spiral CT and special programs for reducing radiation exposure.
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Bahlol, Hagar S., Mohamed F. Foda, Jing Ma, and Heyou Han. "Robust Synthesis of Size-Dispersal Triangular Silver Nanoprisms via Chemical Reduction Route and Their Cytotoxicity." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050674.
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Triangular silver nanocrystals, well-known as nanoprisms (Ag-NPrs), were successfully developed via a robust and straightforward direct chemical reduction synthetic approach, producing desirable tiny and well-controlled Ag-NPrs. This procedure was accomplished by fabricating a mixture of di-sodium succinate hexa-hydrate (DSSH) and tri-sodium citrate di-hydrate (TSCD) as capping agents at optimal synthetic conditions and under an open-air condition, which proved to be an enormous challenge. Additionally, the Ag-NPrs were fully characterized by UV-vis spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Likewise, the formation stages from spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to triangular Ag-NPrs were also captured simultaneously via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) images. More interestingly, an active thin silica-shell was efficiently applied on the Ag-NPrs outer-layer to increase their functionality. Furthermore, to confirm their biocompatibility, we also carried out cell viability assays for the Ag-NPs, Ag-NPrs, and Ag-NPrs@SiO2 with different concentrations at 62.5, 125, and 250 µg/mL after 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure time, respectively, on a regular African green monkey kidney cell line. The cell viability test results exemplified that the three silver nanostructures were toxic-free and suitable for further potential biological applications in the near future.
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Al-Anazi, Mohamed Saleh, Khaled Meghawry El-Zahar, and Nourhan Abdel-Hamid Rabie. "Nutritional and Therapeutic Properties of Fermented Camel Milk Fortified with Red Chenopodium quinoa Flour on Hypercholesterolemia Rats." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 7695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227695.
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Quinoa is a nutrient-dense food that lowers chronic disease risk. This study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory qualities of fermented camel milk with 1, 2, 3, and 4% quinoa. The results showed that improvement in camel’s milk increased the total solids, protein, ash, fiber, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity more effectively. Fermented camel milk with 3% of quinoa flour exhibited the highest sensory characteristics compared to other treatments. Fermented camel milk enriched with 3% red quinoa flour was studied in obese rats. Forty male Wistar rats were separated into five groups: the first group served as a normal control, while groups 2–4 were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HF)-diet and given 2 mL/day of fermented milk and quinoa aqueous extract. Blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and urea levels decreased dramatically in comparison to the positive control group, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin, and total protein concentrations increased significantly. Fortified fermented camel milk decreased the number of giant adipocytes while increasing the number of tiny adipocytes in the body. The results showed that the liver and renal functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were enhanced by consuming fermented milk and quinoa. These results demonstrated the ability of quinoa and camel milk to protect rats from oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of fermented camel milk and quinoa.
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Liang, Jia-Li, Fan Zhang, Jian-Hui Zhang, Wei-Qing Huang, Yu-Xin Wen, and Bo-Chuan Chen. "Improvement of Mesh Atomizer Performance by Electrolytic Polishing." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042572.
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Piezoelectric atomization, which breaks liquid into tiny droplets, is widely used in aerospace, medicine, and health. Most research in piezoelectric atomizers has increased the atomization amount by improving mechanical structure and optimizing the vibration characteristics. However, as the core component of the atomizer is to realize atomization using the dynamic conical angle effect, the micro-tapered hole on the atomizing sheet has not been deeply studied. To eliminate the negative influence of the uneven burr caused by the hole machining process on the atomizing sheet, electrolytic polishing processing is proposed in this study to improve the quality of the micro-tapered holes. First, a theoretical model of the atomization amount and the conical angle is established. Second, the hole diameter and burr height are measured using a microscope, and the effectiveness of polishing on the burr removal of holes is verified. Lastly, the relationship between the conical angle and atomization amount is determined through an atomization amount experiment, which guides the revision of the theoretical model. The experimental results show that when the conical angle is 48,267° (the polishing time is 5 min), the atomization amount reaches a maximum of 5.202 mL/min, which is 3.93 times larger than that of the untreated one. This study demonstrates that polishing can effectively remove burr in the process of hole machining, which provides theoretical guidance for improving the quality of atomization sheets, and will further improve the atomization number of atomizers.
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Antonini, Mattia, Miguel Pincheira, Massimo Vecchio, and Fabio Antonelli. "An Adaptable and Unsupervised TinyML Anomaly Detection System for Extreme Industrial Environments." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042344.
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Industrial assets often feature multiple sensing devices to keep track of their status by monitoring certain physical parameters. These readings can be analyzed with machine learning (ML) tools to identify potential failures through anomaly detection, allowing operators to take appropriate corrective actions. Typically, these analyses are conducted on servers located in data centers or the cloud. However, this approach increases system complexity and is susceptible to failure in cases where connectivity is unavailable. Furthermore, this communication restriction limits the approach’s applicability in extreme industrial environments where operating conditions affect communication and access to the system. This paper proposes and evaluates an end-to-end adaptable and configurable anomaly detection system that uses the Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and Tiny-MLOps methodologies in an extreme industrial environment such as submersible pumps. The system runs on an IoT sensing Kit, based on an ESP32 microcontroller and MicroPython firmware, located near the data source. The processing pipeline on the sensing device collects data, trains an anomaly detection model, and alerts an external gateway in the event of an anomaly. The anomaly detection model uses the isolation forest algorithm, which can be trained on the microcontroller in just 1.2 to 6.4 s and detect an anomaly in less than 16 milliseconds with an ensemble of 50 trees and 80 KB of RAM. Additionally, the system employs blockchain technology to provide a transparent and irrefutable repository of anomalies.