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1

Hall, A. "Geochemistry of the Cornubian tin province." Mineralium Deposita 25, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03326377.

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Guimarães, Frederico Sousa, Rongqing Zhang, Bernd Lehmann, Alexandre Raphael Cabral, and Francisco Javier Rios. "CASSITERITE U-Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SANTA BÁRBARA TIN DISTRICT, RONDÔNIA TIN PROVINCE, BRAZIL." Economic Geology 117, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4876.

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Abstract The Mesoproterozoic Rondônia Tin Province of the Amazonian craton records a protracted history of about 600 m.y. of successive rare-metal granite intrusions and hosts the youngest known event of tin-granite emplacement of the craton—a rare-metal granite suite known as the Younger Granites of Rondônia intrusive suite. The ~1 Ga suite is currently interpreted as intracratonic magmatism resulting from a Grenvillian-age orogeny during the assembly of Rodinia. The Santa Bárbara massif is a tin-granite system of the Younger Granites of Rondônia intrusive suite that hosts Sn-Nb-Ta-W–bearing endogreisen and stockwork, as well as important placer deposits. The Santa Bárbara mine produces about 800 to 1,000 t Sn/year from placers and weathered greisen and represents about 20% of the tin mine output of the Rondônia Tin Province. Here, we report laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) cassiterite U-Pb ages of 989 ± 3 and 987 ± 6 Ma for the Santa Bárbara greisen and the cassiterite-quartz vein system, respectively. Alluvial cassiterite from placer mining has a U-Pb age of 995 ± 4 Ma, which is, within uncertainty, indistinguishable from those of primary cassiterite. These ages agree well with the previously published zircon and monazite U-Pb ages for the Santa Bárbara granite (978 ± 13 and 989 ± 13 Ma), which indicate a coeval relationship between hydrothermal tin mineralization and granite magmatism. The previously suggested 20- to 30-m.y. time span between granite magmatism and hydrothermal tin mineralization, which was based on mica K-Ar and Ar-Ar age data, is likely due to younger thermal disturbance of the isotopic systems.
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3

Lehmann, Bernd, Shunso Ishihara, Hubert Michel, Jim Miller, Carlos W. Rapela, Alberto Sanchez, Michael Tistl, and Lothar Winkelmann. "The Bolivian tin province and regional tin distribution in the Central Andes; a reassessment." Economic Geology 85, no. 5 (August 1, 1990): 1044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.5.1044.

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Heimann, Robert B., Shadreck Chirikure, and David Killick. "Mineralogical study of precolonial (16501850 CE) tin smelting slags from Rooiberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa." European Journal of Mineralogy 22, no. 5 (November 2, 2010): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2055.

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5

Botelho, Nilson F., Guy Roger, Ferdinand d'Yvoire, Yves Moelo, and Marcel Volfinger. "Yanomamite, InAsO4.2H2O, a new indium mineral from topaz-bearing greisen in the Goiás Tin Province, Brazil." European Journal of Mineralogy 6, no. 2 (March 31, 1994): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/6/2/0245.

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6

Setiady, D., I. Syafri, and N. C. D. Aryanto. "The Existence of Tin Placer Relation With Tin Belt In Kundur Waters Area Riau archipelago Province." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1363 (November 2019): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1363/1/012021.

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7

Sukarman, Sukarman, Rachmat Abdul Gani, and Asmarhansyah Asmarhansyah. "Tin mining process and its effects on soils in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.37606.

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Tin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is conducted with an open-pit mining system. This paper discusses the process of tin mining and its effects on soil properties in this region. Tin mining led to the formation of accumulations in the form of (1) mixed soils from horizons A, B, and C, (2) excavated materials from the deeper levels of the pit, (3) coarse-grained tailings with quartz as a primary element, (4) tailings mixed with excavated soils, and (5) voids filled with water. After tin mining ended, the area was left with waste excavated materials, stockpiles of excavated materials or tailings, and voids, spread over an area of 124,838 ha. Overall, mining has led to significant and alarming damages to the biophysical aspects of land resources and the environment. This damage includes the deterioration of soil structure, changes in soil texture, loss of soil organic matter, and loss of soil fertility. The mining activities also caused the loss of a number of types of biota that are important to provide environmental services such as the provision of forest products, soil stability, maintaining the hydrological cycle, and carbon sequestration.
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8

Dalimunthe, D. Y., and H. Aldila. "Cointegration Test and Projection of Total Rubber and Tin Production and Their Effect on The Environment in Province of Bangka Belitung Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 926, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012017.

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Abstract The cointegration test in this study aims to see the long-term balance relationship between the amount of rubber and tin production produced in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. This time series test uses historical data from 2002-2015. In addition to seeing the cointegration relationship, it will also be seen how the projection results are produced until 2025. This cointegration test results that the amount of rubber and tin production produced in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands does not have a significant relationship between the two variables as evidenced by a probability value of 0.1366. The probability value that is greater than 5% of the alpha level means that these two variables are independent of each other and the projection results show that tin and rubber production has an upward trend from 2016-2025. The projected value of tin production is not as high as the projection value of rubber plantations with a percentage difference of 11.67%. It is also time for the community to develop the plantation sector and move away from the mining sector which has been undertaken in line with the increasing environmental damage that has been generated.
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9

Zhao, Kui-Dong, Shao-Yong Jiang, Yao-Hui Jiang, and Ru-Chen Wang. "Mineral chemistry of the Qitianling granitoid and the Furong tin ore deposit in Hunan Province, South China: implication for the genesis of granite and related tin mineralization." European Journal of Mineralogy 17, no. 4 (July 25, 2005): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0635.

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10

Indra, Citra Asmara. "IMPLIKASI TERBITNYA REGULASI TENTANG PERTIMAHAN TERHADAP DINAMIKA PERTAMBANGAN TIMAH INKONVENSIONAL DI PULAU BANGKA." Society 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v2i1.47.

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Implication of the publication of the regulation of dynamics of tin mining on Bangka Island, it is most clearly visible are the rise of tin mining unconventional. The Central Government controls over commodities lead is so strong that they use their hands to do military protection. The local community is prohibited to mine, sell, even save them even one kilogram of matter. This condition is a precondition for the emergence of dissharmonsation in the management of lead in this area. Last issue about the rules of tin mining this regulation until now has never been resolved. So in a forum, all conflicts that erupted about tin mining will stop when the tin islands of Bangka Belitung Province have been exhausted.
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11

Farabi, Maududi, and Mila Tejamaya. "Respiratory Protection Programs (RPP) Implementation at Production Unit of A Tin Smelter at Bangka Belitung Islands Province." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.3.248-263.

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The fume generated from the reaction of flux and molten tin produces tin compounds in the atmosphere which potentially lead to stanosis or also known as tin pneumoconiosis after chronic inhalation and prolonged exposure in the workplaces e.g. in smelter industries. The risk can be minimized by implementing Respiratory Protection Program (RPP). This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of RPP at one smelter industries in Bangka Belitung Province. This is a evaluation study that qualitatively evaluate the implementation of RPP. eigth RPP elements from National safety Council (NSC) Australia was used as guideline. The secondary data from Occupational Health and Safety inspection and monitoring report at one of tin smelter from Department of Manpower (Disnaker), Banga Belitung Island province. It was found that several RPP elements have not been fully implemented, which were (1) compliance with respirator standards, (2) no selection of respirators procedure, (3) no protective clothing, (4) no fit testing execution, (5) improper management of cleaning and inspections, and (6) no evaluation of respirator usage. Moreover, specific work process that need Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) has not been anticipated, and improvement in the training materials, periodic training schedule and evaluation of the Respiratory Protection Program were emphasized. There were 3 informants in this study consisting of company managers, safety officers, and labor inspector. The implementation of RPP at PT X. Tin needs to be enhanced. Continuous coaching, monitoring, inspection, and evaluation related to the Respiratory Protection Program must be carried out more intensively both internally and externally from the government.
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12

Kabatesi, Juliette Confiance, Jules Uwizeyimana, Digne Edmond Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo, and Jei-Pil Wang. "Evaluation of Efficiency of Using Mechanized Processing Techniques to Recover Tin and Tantalum in Gatsibo, Eastern Province, Rwanda." Minerals 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030315.

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Rwanda is known to be among the top producers of tin and tantalum, despite having low recovery and grades. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using mechanized methods to increase the recovery rate and grades of tin and tantalum mined in Gatsibo, Eastern Province, Rwanda, since the general separation techniques used are artisanal. The minerals in those mines include cassiterite (SnO2) and colombite–tantalite ((Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O5), with impurities such as Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, Cao, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5. A combination of gravity separation techniques, including shaking tables and magnetic separation, were used as the mechanized processing techniques. The results were compared to the results obtained by artisanal processing techniques. The proposed mechanized techniques were found to increase the efficiency of tin and tantalum recovery from 60.75% to 81.85% and from 22.9% to 48.57%, respectively, and the grades of the tin and tantalum increased to 63.75% and 35.7%, respectively. Based on these results, the proposed mechanized processing techniques and the recycling of waste from artisanal processing techniques are highly recommended.
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13

Pitfield, P. E. J., L. H. Teoh, and E. J. Cobbing. "Textural variation and tin mineralization in granites from the main range province of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt." Geological Journal 25, no. 3-4 (July 1990): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350250324.

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14

Li, Ying Shu, Yan Cai, Nan Chen, Jiao Jiao Chen, Lun Wang, Yi Ke Zhang, and Da Qing He. "Source of Tinny Granite in Gejiu Tin Ore Deposit in Yunnan Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3493.

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It had been believed that the genesis of tinny granite in Gejiu tin ore deposits were hydrothermal mineralization in granite of Yanshanian epoch by most researchers for a long time. However, according to the form, attitude and sulphur isotope in the ore of the oreboby, the authors believe the genesis of the tin ore deposit is relict body of granitic superimposed ore-forming of the Yanshanian epoch after the basic volcano ore-forming of the Indo-Chinese epoch. It’s proved that the form and attitude of the oreboby is basically consistent with the form and attitude of the basalt of the Indo-Chinese epoch. Because sulphur isotope in pyrite of the ore is from 0.21 per thousand to 4.4 per thousand, feature of source of the mantle sulphur isotope is reflected.
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15

Yang, Zhuming, Jeffrey de Fourestier, Kuishou Ding, and He Li. "Li-BEARING FERRONIGERITE-2N1SFROM THE XIANGHUALING TIN-POLYMETALLIC OREFIELD, HUNAN PROVINCE, CHINA." Canadian Mineralogist 51, no. 6 (December 2013): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.51.6.913.

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16

Daofang, WEI, BAO Zhengyu, FU Jianming, and CAI Minghai. "Diagenetic and Mineralization Age of the Hehuaping Tin-polymetallic Orefield, Hunan Province." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 81, no. 2 (April 2007): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00948.x.

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17

XU, Yang-bao, Wen-qing QIN, and Hui LIU. "Mineralogical characterization of tin-polymetallic ore occurred in Mengzi, Yunnan Province, China." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 3 (March 2012): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61237-5.

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18

Mingxiu, Wei. "Metallogenesis of a B-F-metasomatic skarn tin deposit, Gejiu, Yunnan Province." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 4, no. 4 (October 1985): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02843272.

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19

Chu, Tu Minh, Ha Xuan Dinh, and Phuong Nguyen. "Some new research outcomes of wolframite-tin-polymetallic metallization in the Huoi Chun area, Huaphanh province, Lao people’s democratic republic (LPDR)." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(2).03.

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The paper focuses on clarifying the characteristics of tungsten, tin - polymetallic ore mineralization in the Huoi Chun area based on applying traditional geological methods, collecting documents, methods of studying ore material composition, and legal statistic. The findings are as follows: Mineral ores were generated mainly by material deposition, crystallization of hydrothermal solution, and filling fracture systems. The main minerals occurred in the study area are tungsten, tin, copper, zinc, bismuth. Tungsten, tin-polymetallic metallization was generated in 3 hydrothermal episodes. The symbiotic wolframite - bismuth mineral symbiosis is a discovery of the authors' collective during the implementation of the National project under Protocol code NDT.35.LA / 17. Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd - bearing minerals are characterized for the middle episode of metallogeny; whereas W, Co, and Bi- bearing minerals were formed during the third episode of hydrothermal metallogeny. The tungsten, tin - polymetallic mineralization could be related to Mesozoic - Cenozoic intrusive magmatism.
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Purnaweni, Hartuti, Kismartini, Bulan Prabawani, and Ali Roziqin. "Bangka Belitung Islands: Great Potencies of Massive Environmental Impacts." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008.

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Mining is a very crucial activity of human being and is practiced everywhere in the world, including in Bangka Belitung Province which is rich in tin, making tin is the leading commodity in this area. This study aimed at analyzing the Bangka Belitung profile, tin mining activities in this area and its impact on an environmental conditions in Bangka Belitung Islands. The study applied a descriptive-qualitative method, using data from library study and previous researches dealing with the research topic, as well as data from field observation. It concluded that tin mining has been done since the Dutch era in Bangka Belitung, and is more active today. Therefore, it is concluded that massive environmental degradation will occur should the mining practices are not stopped. The study It is recommended that the government has to strengthen its policy in the form of local regulation on the tin mining activities for erecting a better public administration practices.
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21

Setiawan, Fahri. "Analisis Kecamatan Prioritas untuk Pembangunan Sarana dan Prasarana di Kawasan Pasca Tambang Timah Kabupaten Bangka Selatan." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.1.23-33.

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<p class="ISI-Paragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Tin-mining has raised the local economy and income of South Bangka Selatan Regency, thus should have contributed to the development of infrastructure around tin-mine areas in the province. Positive impacts of tin-mining to infrastructure have not always been received by area around the tin-mine. The aim of this research is to determine priority districts for infrastructure development at post tin-mine areas in South Bangka Regency. The methods of the research were on-screen digitation, Scalogram and TOPSIS. The results of research shows that the land area of post tin-mine in South Bangka Regency covers 11,224.8 hectares, with Toboali District as the widest (5,053.3 hectares). Districts with the the most number of villages in hierarchy 1 was Toboali District (4 villages), while in hierarchy 3 was Air Gegas District (6 villages). Tin-mining has not always given positive effects to the development of regional infrastructure around tin-mine areas. Villages at Air Gegas Village and Toboali District are the priorities of infrastructure development, thus infrastructure development around tin-mining areas will be done equitable and gradually to resolve limited fund for future.</span></p>
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IVASHOV, P. V. "Biogeochemical tin province in the southern part of the Far East of Russia." Вестник ДВО РАН, no. 2 (2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/0869-7698_2021_216_02_06.

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23

Wenyuan, Liu, Nigel J. Cook, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Liu Yu, Qiu Xiaoping, and Chen Yuchuan. "Mineralogy of tin-sulfides in the Zijinshan porphyry–epithermal system, Fujian Province, China." Ore Geology Reviews 72 (January 2016): 682–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.009.

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24

Pal, N., D. C. Pal, B. Mishra, and F. M. Meyer. "The evolution of the Palim granite in the Bastar tin province, Central India." Mineralogy and Petrology 72, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007100170020.

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25

Hu, Xiaoyan, Xianwu Bi, Ruizhong Hu, Guosheng Cai, and Youwei Chen. "Tin partition behavior and implications for the Furong tin ore formation associated with peralkaline intrusive granite in Hunan Province, China." Acta Geochimica 35, no. 2 (January 21, 2016): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0091-9.

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26

Ibrahim, Dwi Haryadi, and Nanang Wahyudin. "The Social Dilemma of Tin Mining of Non-miners People : A Comparative Study Between Bangka and Belitung People’s Perception." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302014.

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Tin mining has been massively occurred in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. It has already happened since the last 20 years which was started by retraction of tin status as state strategic commodity. This condition has caused the dilemma among the local people and stakeholders in this region as its positive and negative impact walks side by side. This study described how the knowledge, attitude, and expectation of a large community, especially for those who are not miners. Generally, local people understand that this region is rich for its tin and in fact it’s already given a big contribution foreconomic development. Local people also admit that the benefit on tin mining is only enjoyed by some people. Nevertheless, local community also has an attitude that in-conventional mining has already damaged the environment and they hope it will be prohibited. Local people have expectation that environmental management should be prioritized and strictly limited to the tin mining activity. This study founded that there is a gap perception between Bangka and Belitung People although they are in the same level of agreement related to the expectation to prohibit the tin mining : Belitung people is higher than Bangka people.
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Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Dwi Haryadi, and Nanang Wahyudin. "Already dependent: a dependency analysis of market activity on tin mining in Bangka Belitung." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199103004.

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Tin in Bangka Belitung has been exploited since 17th century; however, local people have received the opportunity in mining only in the last two decades, when the tin was not set as a state’s strategic commodity. Therefore, since the last two decades, people economic activities in this area have dramatically increased. Nevertheless, it was not as long as two decades that tin had its glory. The tin price fluctuated along with its production. However, in turn, the market has already been dependent on tin mining. Through the qualitative study having survey motive, this paper traced the answer of the key question: “Is it true that Bangka Belitung economy is a tin economy?” This study was performed in a market area selling people’s primary and tertiary needs in all regions and municipalities of Bangka Belitung Islands Province. It concluded that market dependency on tin mining was extremely high. Market has had a direct impact on the price increase and decrease of tin mining and its production. It also inferred that at least the tin mining and trader were in the same condition in that they were very depended on tin commodity. This was a consequence of the motivation of the economy from which it was initially independent, and it was at this time that it became dependent, and it was difficult to get out of this dependence. This condition was called as already dependent.
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28

Kitadi, J. M., C. L. Inkoto, E. M. Lengbiye, D. S. T. Tshibangu, D. D. Tshilanda, K. N. Ngbolua, M. Taba, et al. "Mineral Composition of Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease in the Kwilu Province (Congo-Kinshasa)." Sumerianz Journal of Biotechnology, no. 41 (February 27, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjb.41.16.21.

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The aim of this study was to determine the mineral composition of 10 plants especially Alchornea cordifolia, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Annona senegalensis, Cyttaranthus congolensis, Dissotis brazzae, Justicia secunda, Harungana madagascariensis, Hura crepitans, Hypoxis angustifolia and Vigna unguiculata used in the management of sickle cell disease by traditional practitioners in Kwilu Province. The Plants collection was done at Kwilu province, sample were evaluated through fluorescence spectrometric analysis. These plants were harvested in Kwilu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo The mineral composition analysis was carried out using the fluorescence spectrometric method. This study revealed presence of Twenty-three (23) mineral elements, in each of these plants among others: Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl) and trace elements such as: Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Bromine (Br), Molybdenum (Mo), Tin (Sn), Iodine (I), Barium (Ba) and Lead (Pb). Iron, Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Manganese (Mn) are mineral elements that are related to sickle cell disease. Of all these elements, Potassium and Calcium were in a higher content while Lead, Tin, Bromine, Copper and Nickel are in trace amounts. The correlation coefficients obtained between the mineral elements are significant. The presence of some mineral elements like Fe, Zn, mg and Se can be useful for sickle cell disease patients.
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LIU, Wenyuan, Yu LIU, Xiaoping QIU, and Yuchuan CHEN. "Mineralogy of Tin-Sulfides in the Zijinshan Porphyry-Epithermal Deposit System, Fujian Province, China." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, s2 (December 2014): 1468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12382_14.

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30

Taylor, P. R., Y. L. Qiao, A. Schatzkin, S. X. Yao, J. Lubin, B. L. Mao, J. Y. Rao, M. McAdams, X. Z. Xuan, and J. Y. Li. "Relation of arsenic exposure to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province, China." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.46.12.881.

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31

Favorskaya, M. A., V. N. Florovskaya, A. I. Ogloblina, Yu I. Pikovskiy, and M. Ye Ramenskaya. "POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND THE ORIGIN OF TIN DEPOSITS IN THE SOVIET MARITIME PROVINCE." International Geology Review 28, no. 5 (May 1986): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206818609466301.

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32

da Costa Carvalhêdo, Alice Louzada, Adriana Chatack Carmelo, and Nilson Francisquini Botelho. "Geophysical-geological model of the Pedra Branca massif in the Goiás Tin Province, Brazil." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 101 (August 2020): 102593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102593.

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33

彭, 忠. "Prospecting Potential Analysis of the Zhenzhushan Tungsten-Tin Mine Area in Northeast Jiangxi Province." Mine Engineering 07, no. 03 (2019): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/me.2019.73028.

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34

Darlan, Yudi, and Udaya Kamiludin. "PENELITIAN TIMAH PLASER MELALUI ANALISIS SAYATAN OLES DAN GEOKIMIA : STUDI KASUS PERAIRAN TELUK PINANG, PROVINSI RIAU." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.2.2010.187.

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Kebutuhan pasar dunia akan timah meningkat, sehingga pencarian sumberdaya timah banyak dilakukan, termasuk kawasan perairan Riau, Bangka dan Belitung. Bijih timah dalam mineral kasiterit mempunyai Berat Jenis tinggi, sehingga endapan timah alluvium akan tersebar di sekitar sumber asal timah. Analisis geokimia merupakan salah satu metoda yang digunakan untuk menjawab apakah timah dan logam lainnya dalam bentuk unsur berpotensi sebagai sumber daya. Kandungan unsur logam timah yang terdapat pada sedimen permukaan di sekitar aliran dan muara sungai kurang dari 10ppm lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan kandungan unsur logam timah yang ada pada sedimen permukaan dasar laut (20ppm – 80ppm). Kata kunci: timah plaser, analisis sayatan oles dan geokimia, sedimen permukaan, Teluk Pinang, Provinsi Riau The demand of world trades for tin is high, hence explorations for resources of tin in the world, for example Riau, Bangka, and Blitung of Indonesia waters have been carried out. Tin ores of cassiterite has high density, therefore alluvial tin deposits will distributes near their resources. Geochemical analyses is one of the methods which is applied to explain that are tin and heavy metals deposits are prospect at the study area. This is as a main aim of research at Teluk Pinang waters and adjacent areas. The content of tin metal element contained in surface sediments in the river streams and rmouth less than 10ppm is smaller than the content of tin metal element exist on the seafloor surface sediment (20ppm - 80ppm). Key words: placer tin, smear slides and geochemistry analyses, surfacial sediment, The Pinang Bay, Riau Province
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Guimarães, Frederico Sousa, Anna Luiza Rocha de Oliveira, Lucas Eustáquio Dias Amorim, Francisco Javier Rios, Bernd Lehmann, Clemente Récio Hernández, and Renato Moraes. "Lithium-mica composition as pathfinder and recorder of Grenvillian-age greisenization, Rondonia Tin Province, Brazil." Geochemistry 81, no. 2 (May 2021): 125737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125737.

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Schl�ter, Jochen, Thomas Malcherek, Chris Stanley, Maurizio Dini, and Arturo Molina Donoso. "Erazoite, a new copper tin sulfide from the El Guanaco gold deposit, Antofagasta Province, Chile." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 194, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/2016/0028.

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37

朱, 文斌. "Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Tungsten-Tin Polymetallic Exploration Anomalies in Jinpingshan, Lianzhou, Guangdong Province." Advances in Geosciences 08, no. 03 (2018): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ag.2018.83072.

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38

Li, Zhao-li, Rui-zhong Hu, Jian-tang Peng, Xian-wu Bi, and Xiao-min Li. "Helium Isotope Geochemistry of Ore-forming Fluids from Furong Tin Orefield in Hunan Province, China." Resource Geology 56, no. 1 (March 2006): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.tb00263.x.

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39

Haryati, U., and A. Dariah. "Carbon emission and sequestration on tin mined land: A case study in Bangka Belitung Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 393 (December 30, 2019): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/393/1/012097.

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Breiter, K., H. J. Förster, and R. Seltmann. "Variscan silicic magmatism and related tin-tungsten mineralization in the Erzgebirge-Slavkovský les metallogenic province." Mineralium Deposita 34, no. 5-6 (July 7, 1999): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050217.

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Yang, Zhuming, Kuishou Ding, Jeffrey de Fourestier, Qian Mao, and He Li. "Fe-rich Li-bearing magnesionigerite-6N6S from Xianghualing tin-polymetallic orefield, Hunan Province, P.R. China." Mineralogy and Petrology 107, no. 2 (December 5, 2012): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-012-0247-1.

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42

Bandama, Foreman, Shadreck Chirikure, and Simon Hall. "Ores Sources, Smelters and Archaeometallurgy: Exploring Iron Age Metal Production in the Southern Waterberg, South Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 11, no. 2 (November 11, 2013): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10240.

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The Southern Waterberg in Limpopo Province is archaeologically rich, especially when it comes to evidence of pre-colonial mining and metal working. Geologically, the area hosts important mineral resources such as copper, tin and iron which were smelted by agriculturalists in the precolonial period. In this region however, tin seems to be the major attraction given that Rooiberg is still the only source of cassiterite in southern Africa to have provided evidence of mining before European colonization. This paper reports the results of archaeological and archaeometallurgical work which was carried out in order to reconstruct the technology of metalworking as well as the cultural interaction in the study area and beyond. The ceramic evidence shows that from the Eiland Phase (1000–1300 AD) onwards there was cross borrowing of characteristic decorative traits amongst extant groups that later on culminated in the creation of a new ceramic group known as Rooiberg. In terms of mining and metal working, XRF and SEM analyses, when coupled with optical microscopy, indicate the use of indigenous bloomery techniques that are widespread in pre-colonial southern Africa. Tin and bronze production was also represented and their production remains also pin down this metallurgy to particular sites and excludes the possibility of importing of finished tin and bronze objects into this area.
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Xie, Zhuolin, Shehong Li, Yu Dai, Chongjin Pang, Saisai Li, Xuhan Hu, and Jinming Wu. "Zircon Dating, Geochemistry, and Metallogenic Significance of Early Paleozoic Mafic Rocks in Northern Guangxi Province, China." Minerals 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060672.

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Magmatic rocks, deformed structures, and tin–polymetallic deposits are widely distributed in the western Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB) of northern Guangxi Province, China. Magmatism and mineralization are believed to have occurred in the Neoproterozoic stage. Herein, we report the zircon U–Pb dating results of investigations on the Ping’an Pb–Zn–Cu polymetallic veins hosted in gabbro near Ping’an Village. Zircon U–Pb dating of the host gabbro yielded ages of 853.0 ± 7.8, 837.7 ± 7.2, and 450.4 ± 6.7 Ma. The younger age represents the emplacement of gabbros, whereas the older Neoproterozoic age reflects inherited zircons from the wall rocks or source regions. The formation of gabbros (Caledonian) is related to the subduction and collisions of microplates in the western JOB, which are controlled by movements of the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates. We consider that the late Caledonian regional shearing in the western JOB resulted in the fracturing and faulting of rocks (Neoproterozoic and early Caledonian), which provided conduits for the flow of hydrothermal fluids and accommodation for the associated mineralization. Geochemistry investigations show that the Caledonian basic magmatic activity provided a certain material source for the final mineralization. We propose that the tin–polymetallic deposits in the northern Guangx Province, and Neoproterozoic cassiterite crystallization, were subjected to Caledonian shear crushing and hydrothermal transformation with copper, lead, zinc, and other metal elements based on our comprehensive analysis, providing a new ideology for understanding the geology and mineralization in this area.
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Wang, Jing, and Wei Xuan Fang. "Primary Investigation and Analysis of Arsenic Contamination in Soil-Plant of Tin Mine in Gejiu." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.444.

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According to the primary study on the As contamination in soil and crops including potato and pea in tin tailings in Gejiu area, Yunnan Province, it has been found that concentrations of As in rhizosphere far exceed Chinese National Grade Ⅲ standard of soil environmental quality of China (GB 15618-1995). It also has been found that the Ferns were living in the tin tailings suffered from the contamination of heavy metals. Compared with the limit of national criteria for food sanitation in China, the concentrations of As in edible parts of ferns are 90 times. Therefore, the remediation of soil based on geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal in the tailings is demanded. And avoiding crops-planting in the tailings to reduce the diffusion of heavy metal contamination in food chain of mining area is necessary.
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Setiawan, Steffi, and Maria Veronica Gandha. "PUSAT PEMANFAATAN DAN KONSERVASI TAILING KUTO PANJI." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12387.

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The tin mining in Bangka Belitung Province has been exploited for the past three centuries, this exploitation activity disrupts the landscape and causes environmental impacts. The resulting environmental impact is an increase in temperature and humidity. The landscape in the ex-tin mining area shows two surface forms, namely: tailings and underneath. Tailings are the residue left over from leaching of tin minerals, and underneath are shaped like ponds or small lakes. The structure of the soil layer in the former tin mining area is not like the soil structure in general, the topsoil in the former tin mining area has generally been lost, and the soil fertility is low with high levels of the sand fraction.Areas that have been exploited must be reclaimed and revegetated, so that it is safe to visit. One of the wastes from tin mining activities, namely tailings, has made Bangka Belitung Province a producer of tailings, the tailings can be reused as material for brick making, but before processed into brick material, it is necessary to separate the tailings from hazardous materials using a magnetic separator so that it is safe to become one of the brick-making materials. For further research on other uses of the ex-tin mining area, a conservation area is needed. Other than that, it is a place of recreation and education, in the form of elevated trails that surround the tin mine reclamation area with surrounding areas of former tin mines, shrimp pond that was previously a former tin mining area, and tropical rainforest.The design approach used in this planning is to make the traditional house of the Lom Tribe as a reference for the application of tropical architecture. Through this approach, it produces natural ventilation of the new composition. In addition, this design concept also adds sun shading and courtyard as part of tropical architecture. Keywords: ex-mining site; conservation; revegetation; reclamation; the traditional house of Lom TribeAbstrakTambang timah di Provinsi Bangka Belitung sudah sejak tiga abad lalu di eksploitasi, kegiatan eksploitasi ini mengakibatkan terganggunya lanskap dan menimbulkan dampak lingkungan. Dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan adalah peningkatan suhu, dan kelembaban. Lanskap pada area bekas tambang timah memperlihatkan dua bentuk permukaan, yaitu: tailing dan kolong. Tailing merupakan sisa dari pencucian mineral timah dan kolong berbentuk seperti kolam atau danau kecil. Struktur lapisan tanah pada area bekas tambang timah tidak seperti struktur tanah pada umumnya, lapisan tanah bagian atas atau top soil pada area bekas tambang timah umumnya sudah hilang, dan kesuburan tanah menjadi rendah dengan tingginya kadar fraksi pasir.Area yang sudah di eksploitasi harus direklamasi dan direvegetasi agar aman untuk dikunjungi. Salah satu limbah dari kegiatan tambang timah yaitu tailing, maka menjadikan Provinsi Bangka Belitung sebagai produsen hamparan tailing, tailing tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan kembali menjadi bahan pembuatan batako, namun sebelum diolah menjadi bahan batako, perlu dilakukan pemisahan tailing dengan bahan yang berbahaya menggunakan magnetic separator sehingga aman untuk menjadi salah satu bahan pembuatan batako. Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut pemanfaatan lain dari area bekas tambang timah, maka diperlukannya tempat konservasi. Selain itu, menjadi tempat rekreasi dan edukasi berupa elevated trails yang mengitari area reklamasi tambang timah dengan sekelilingnya terdapat area bekas tambang timah, tambak udang yang sebelumnya adalah area bekas tambang timah, dan tropical rainforest.Pendekatan desain dalam perencanaan ini adalah dengan menjadikan rumah adat Suku Lom sebagai acuan dari penerapan arsitektur tropis. Melalui pendekatan tersebut menghasilkan pengudaraan alami dari bentuk gubahan baru. Selain itu konsep perancangan ini juga menambahkan sun shading dan courtyard sebagai bagian dari arsitektur tropis.
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Diah Mustikasari and Rina Dwi Agustiani. "DNA Barcoding Ikan Kepala Timah Dan Betok Berdasarkan Gen COI sebagai Ikan Pioneer di Kolong Pascatambang Timah, Pulau Bangka." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 12, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v12i1.1005.

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Tin mining activities in the Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province have led to the formation of pits that have not ideal water quality for aquatic organisms in general. Acidic pH and high metal contamination at certain age under certain causes only a few species are able to live well in these ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the identity of the pioneer fishes in ex-tin mining pit <1 year of Bangka Island through DNA barcoding based on COI gene. The pioneer fish in ex-tin mining pit <1 year were Kepala Timah fish dan Betok fish. Species determination was based on sequences similarity in NCBI and BOLD System showed that Ikan Kepala Timah had similarity with Aplocheilus panchax and its morphology indicated Ikan Kepala Timah was Aplocheilus panchax. The sequences similarity of Betok fish in NCBI and BOLD System showed that Betok fish had similarity with Anabas testudineusi and its morphology showed that Betok fish was Anabas testudineusi. The Kimua 2 Parameters (K-2P) Neigh­bour-Joining (NJ) clearly confirmed that Kepala Timah fish found in ex-tin mining pit <1 year was Aplocheilus panchax, whereas Betok fish was located outside clade of the group. It indicated that Betok fish was found in ex-tin mining pit <1 year can be expected as a morphotype of Anabas testudineusi that needed further confirmation in other studies, both molecularly and morphologically. The sequence data of COI gene of Betok fish found in ex-tin mining pit <1 year was expected can supported available sequence data of Anabas testudineusi in NCBI and BOLD System.
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Yuan, Shunda, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, Rolf L. Romer, Panlao Zhao, and Jingwen Mao. "Protolith-Related Thermal Controls on the Decoupling of Sn and W in Sn-W Metallogenic Provinces: Insights from the Nanling Region, China." Economic Geology 114, no. 5 (August 1, 2019): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4669.

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Abstract The Nanling region of South China hosts the largest W-Sn metallogenic province in the world, accounting for more than 54% of global tungsten resources as well as important resources of tin and rare metals. An important feature of this province, which is shared by a number of other W-Sn metallogenic provinces, is that W deposits occur separately from Sn and Sn-W deposits, with the latter concentrated in the western part of the region (especially along the deep, NE-trending Chenzhou-Linwu fault) and the W deposits to the east of them. All the deposits are associated with ilmenite series, peraluminous granites. However, the granites associated with the Sn and Sn-W deposits can be distinguished from the W granites by their higher bulk-rock εNd values and their higher zircon εHf values. Most importantly, the Sn and Sn-W granites are characterized by higher zircon saturation temperatures (800 ± 20°C) than the W granites (650°–750°C). The Sn and Sn-W granites also contain abundant mantle-derived mafic microgranular enclaves, whereas such enclaves are rare in the W granites. A model is proposed in which the protolith to the W granites released W to the melt as a result of the breakdown of muscovite. The temperature of melting, however, was too low for biotite to melt. In the west, particularly along the Chenzhou-Linwu fault (the location of the Sn and Sn-W deposits), higher temperatures enabled the breakdown of both muscovite and biotite and the consequent release of both Sn and W to form Sn and Sn-W granites. This model, which is based on differences in the protolith melting temperature and thus mobilization temperatures for Sn and W, is potentially applicable to any Sn-W metallogenic province in which the Sn and Sn-W deposits are spatially separated from the W deposits.
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Peirong, Chen, Liu Changshi, Hao Yanli, and Shen Weizhou. "The tin-bearing topaz-quartz porphyry, Yangbin area, Taishun County, Zhejiang Province—a fluid inclusion study." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 16, no. 2 (April 1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02843387.

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Li, Yubang, Yan Tao, Feilin Zhu, Mingyang Liao, Feng Xiong, and Xianze Deng. "Distribution and existing state of indium in the Gejiu Tin polymetallic deposit, Yunnan Province, SW China." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 34, no. 4 (June 26, 2015): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11631-015-0061-7.

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Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, Eneng Maryani, and Danang Nor Arifin. "Potential utilization of quartz sand and kaolin from tin mine tailings for whitewares." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.03.001.

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Purpose. To do experimental research into the potential utilization of residual quartz-based sands and kaolin from the tin mine tailings in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. Methods. Process of raw materials beneficiation by washing, vibration on the screen, magnetic separation. Manufacturing whiteware from beneficiated quartz sand, beneficiated kaolin, ball clay and feldspar. The whiteware properties were analyzed in terms of shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength, and whiteness index. Findings. The amount of iron oxide in the quartz sand and the kaolin was reduced by beneficiation process from 1.12% and 1.06 to 0.51% and 0.5%, respectively. The whiteware specimens showed the required physical and mechanical properties. Thus, these raw materials can principally be utilized for the manufacture of whiteware ceramic items with whiteness index up to 68.3. Originality. Quartz sand and kaolin extracted from tin mine tailings were used after beneficiation of raw materials for whiteware manufacture. Practical implications. This research can provide practical solution to the problem related to mine tailings rich in quartz and kaolin which can be utilized for manufacturing whiteware. Keywords: tin mine tailings, quartz sand, kaolin, magnetic separation, whiteware ceramics
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