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Journal articles on the topic 'TIMOOD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Roullet, Pascal, and Susan Sara. "Consolidation of Memory After its Reactivation: Involvement of ß Noradrenergic Receptors in the Late Phase." Neural Plasticity 6, no. 3 (1998): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1998.63.

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Evidence is growing that the cAMP pathway through the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor plays an important role in long-term memory formation (LTM). To study the role of ß-noradrenergic receptors, positively linked to the cAMP secondmessenger system, in the dynamics of LTM processes, we used a memory-reactivation paradigm because recent studies in our laboratory confirmed that reactivated memory is labile and undergoes an extended reconsolidation process. In an eight-arm maze, rats were trained to choose the same three baited arms; 24 hr later, memory was reactivated and then the rats were injected intracerebroventricularly at 5 min, 30 min, 60 min, or 5 hr later with the ß-antagonist timolol or with saline. The results showed that injection of timolol induced amnesia only at the 60 min post-reactivation interval, whereas all control groups and groups that were timolol-injected at other post-reactivation intervals displayed optimal retention. The delayed amnesic action of timoloi suggests that ß noradrenergic receptors and the cAMP cascade are implicated in the late phase of reprocessing of a remembered event.

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Gragnani, Andrea, Giulia Paradisi, and Francesco Mancini. "Un modello cognitivo del disturbo di panico e dell'agorafobia. Aspetti psicopatologici e trattamento." PSICOBIETTIVO, no. 3 (November 2011): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psob2011-003003.

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Lo scopo di questo articolo risiede nel presentare un perfezionamento del modello cognitivista del disturbo di panico, in particolare quello di Clark, che nonostante abbia conseguito negli anni robuste prove empiriche e cliniche a supporto, considera l'agorafobia esclusivamente come una sottoclasse di evitamenti del disturbo di panico. Il nostro modello si propone di superare i limiti esplicativi del modello classico e prevede la presenza di una specifica classe di sensazioni temute dall'agorafobico, quelle legateed una peculiare valutazione catastrofica delle stesse. Essa si manifesta apparentemente sotto forma di timori di morte ed impazzimento, ma sarebbe riconducibile al timore relativo alla perdita di controllo percepita comedefinitivo e irrecuperabile del.

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3

Klimašauskienė, A., and R. Bunevičiūtė. "Miastenija ir Lambert-Eaton miasteninis sindromas, jų gydymo rekomendacijos ir ypatumai COVID-19 pandemijos metu." Neurologijos seminarai 24, no. 84 (July 1, 2020): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29014/ns.2020.20.

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Miastenija ir Lambert-Eaton (LEMS) miasteninis sindromas yra autoimuninės neurologinės ligos, kurios pasireiškia raumenų silpnumu ir patologiniu nuovargiu. Miastenija yra dažniausia neuroraumeninė liga, o LEMS – labai retas susirgimas. Abi ligos simptomiškai gydomos acetilcholinesterazės inhibitoriais, LEMS – dar ir 3,4 diaminopiridinu ir amifampiridinu, o ilgalaikiam gydymui skiriami imunosupresiniai vaistai: gliukokortikoidai, azatioprinas, kiti imunosupresantai. Timektomija pacientams su timoma ir atrinktai grupei be timomos yra esminis gydymo metodas, taikomas sergant miastenija. Abiejų ligų paūmėjimai gydomi intraveniniais imunoglobulinais ar gydomosiomis aferezėmis. Miastenijos ir LEMS gydymą pandemijos metu rekomenduojama pradėti ir tęsti pagal bendras rekomendacijas. Jei pacientams skirta imunosupresantų, šis gydymas turėtų būti tęsiamas, nes nauda yra didesnė už galimą žalą. Gydymas imunosupresantais nutraukiamas tik išsivysčius sunkiai infekcijai.

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Aptel, Florent, Michel Cucherat, and Philippe Denis. "Efficacy and Tolerability of Prostaglandin-Timolol Fixed Combinations: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials." European Journal of Ophthalmology 22, no. 1 (May 19, 2011): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000009.

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Purpose To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and tolerability of the 3 prostaglandin-timolol fixed combinations (PG-timolol FCs). Methods Clinical trials comparing directly the PG-timolol FCs or comparing the PG-timolol FCs to their individual components were thoroughly searched. The main outcome measures were efficacy assessed by IOP (taken at 9 AM, noon, 4 PM, and over the mean diurnal curve) change at 3 months (or after 1 to 6 months of treatment if no data were available at month 3) from baseline and tolerability assessed by the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia. Results Twenty trials were identified (n=4684 patients). Intraocular pressure reduction was usually greater with the 3 PG-timolol FCs than the individual PG (mean difference [MD] 0.00 mmHg to 2.59 mmHg; p>0.1 to p<0.001). The incidence of hyperemia was significantly less with latanoprost- and bimatoprost-timolol FCs than with the individual PG (relative risk = 0.66 and 0.61; p=0.05 and p<0.001). From direct comparisons, IOP reduction was significantly greatest with bimatoprost-timolol FC, at 9 AM, 4 PM, and over the mean diurnal curve compared to latanoprost-timolol FC (MD = 0.90 mmHg to 1.48 mmHg; p<0.001) and at all time points compared to travoprost-timolol FC (MD = 0.66 mmHg to 0.90 mmHg; p<0.001). The incidence of hyperemia was not significantly less with latanoprost-timolol FC than with bimatoprost-timolol FC (relative risk = 1.32; p>0.1). Conclusions The 3 PG-timolol FCs provide a greater IOP reduction and lower incidence of hyperemia than the 3 PGs alone. The direct comparisons suggest a greater efficacy of the bimatoprost-timolol FC compared with latanoprost- and travoprost-timolol FCs.

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Babic, Nikola, Veljko Andreic, Aleksandar Miljkovic, Desanka Grkovic, and Predrag Jovanovic. "Comparison of the efficacy and safety of fixed combination travoprost/timolol and dorzolamide/timolol in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 7-8 (2013): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1308441b.

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Introduction. Combining two medications in one bottle may improve compliance by reducing the time required to administer drops and the frequency of the total number of medication bottles. Objective. To compare the efficacy of reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) and safety of fixed combination travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% vs. fixed combination dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods. Prospective randomized clinical study included 60 patients divided into 2 groups. Follow-up was done at day 14 and 45 and month 3. IOP measurements were taken at each follow-up examination at 8 am, 10 am and 4 pm. Results. Both fixed combinations reduced IOP significantly compared to initial values at all follow-ups (p<0.001). Mean pooled IOP at all visits and time points was slightly lower in the travoprost/timolol group compared with the dorzolamide/timolol group (16.13 mmHg vs. 16.15 mmHg). Mean IOP reduction from baseline ranged from -7.46 mmHg to -9.92 mmHg in the travoprost/timolol group and from -6.93 mmHg to -8.93 mmHg for the dorzolamide/timolol group. Mean (?standard error of the mean) reduction in diurnal IOP from baseline to 3rd month was 8.96?2.79 in the travoprost/timolol group versus 8.07?2.91 in patients receiving dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (p=0.196). The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were conjunctival hyperemia in the travoprost/timolol group, and dry eye and foreign body sensation in the dorzolamide/timolol group. Conclusion. Travoprost/timolol fixed combination was slightly more effective than dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination in reducing mean diurnal IOP. Travoprost/timolol group resulted in an IOP reduction for up to 1.07 mmHg higher than dorzolamide/timolol group. Both fixed combinations were well tolerated and safe.

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Parameswaran, Rashmi, Satyanarayana V, and Nithisha T M. "Comparative study between timolol maleate and timolol - brimonidine combination in treatment of open-angle glaucoma of moderate intraocular pressure in a tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2021.024.

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To study the efficacy of Timolol Maleate Vs Timolol-Brimonidine combination in lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) at a tertiary care hospital. To study any adverse effects of both drug therapies in treatment of POAG. Computerized simple randomization was followed in allocating the patients for the two groups. In each group, n=20, is the total number of patients, and N=30, is the total number of eyes tested, since both eyes were involved in some patients. The concentration of the monotherapy was 0.5% w/v Timolol Maleate and concentration of the combination therapy was 0.2% w/v Brimonidine Tartrate and 0.5% w/v Timolol Maleate. Both drugs were administered twice daily and IOP was recorded every 3 days, for a period of 4 weeks. Monotherapy of Timolol is seen to lower the IOP at 25% in 3 days, whereas the Timolol-Brimonidine combination therapy lowers the IOP at twice the rate that is 50% in 3 days. After reaching a IOP of 12mmHg, which is the normal IOP, both the drugs are used for maintenance therapy. Adverse effects were reported with both groups. Timolol monotherapy is also priced lower, when compared to Timolol-Brimonidine combination therapy. Timolol monotherapy provides the same result as the Timolol-Brimonidine combination therapy and is also comparatively cheaper. Hence, Timolol monotherapy is better suited for the treatment of POAG.

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Bourne, Rupert Richard Alexander, Kai Kaarniranta, Katrin Lorenz, Carlo Enrico Traverso, Jouni Vuorinen, and Auli Ropo. "Changes in ocular signs and symptoms in patients switching from bimatoprost–timolol to tafluprost–timolol eye drops: an open-label phase IV study." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e024129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024129.

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ObjectivesBimatoprost–timolol (bimatoprost 0.03%–timolol 0.5% fixed-dose combination [FDC]) and tafluprost–timolol (tafluprost 0.0015%–timolol 0.5% FDC) eye drops are currently the only topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing therapies available as preservative-free (PF) prostaglandin and timolol FDC. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to ocular signs and symptoms when patients with ocular hypertension (OH) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG) switched from PF or benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved bimatoprost–timolol to PF tafluprost–timolol eye drops.DesignThis was a 12-week, open-label, phase IV study.SettingSixteen centres in Finland, Germany, Italy and the UK.ParticipantsPatients with OH or OAG (IOP on medication ≤21 mm Hg), treated with PF or BAK-preserved bimatoprost–timolol for ≥4 weeks before screening, and presenting with conjunctival hyperaemia and ≥1 ocular symptom.InterventionsPatients were switched to PF tafluprost–timolol once daily in the treated eye(s).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoints were change from screening to week 12 in conjunctival hyperaemia and worst ocular symptom. The secondary outcome measures were changes from screening in ocular signs (other than conjunctival hyperaemia) and symptoms at week 12.ResultsOf 123 enrolled patients, 121 were included in the intention-to-treat dataset, of which all were Caucasian and 54.5% were female; 76 patients used BAK-preserved bimatoprost–timolol and 45 used PF drops. Conjunctival hyperaemia and severity of worst ocular symptom following switch to PF tafluprost–timolol significantly reduced from screening to week 12 in all patients (p<0.001). The percentage of patients with ocular signs and symptoms was significantly reduced at week 12 compared with screening (p<0.001). IOP was not affected by the change of treatment.ConclusionsSwitching from BAK-preserved or PF bimatoprost–timolol to tafluprost–timolol reduced both signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease with no clinically relevant effect on IOP.Trial registration numberEudraCT2014-005273-37; Results.

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Arrieta, Anita. "Tipología morfosintáctica del Timote." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 19, no. 2 (August 30, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v19i2.20221.

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Esta investigación se ocupa de la lengua Timote. Los materiales compilados por A. Jahn y P. Rivet, compuestos de elementos léxicos que muestran variación extrema, son el corpus básico. Los datos disponibles son analizados para tratar de precisar el lugar de Timote desde una perspectiva superficial.This research deals with the Timote language. The materials compiled by A. Jahn and P. Rivet, made up of TImote lexical items that show extreme variation, are the basic corpus. The data available are analyzed to try to specify the place of Timote from an areal perspective.

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Igarashi, Haruyoshi, Yasunaga Katsuta, Yoshiharu Nakazato, and Tohru Kawasaki. "The Use of an Opacitometer to Compare the In Vitro Cornea Opacifying Effects of Timolol With and Without Benzalkonium Chloride." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 19, no. 2 (April 1991): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299101900220.

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We have evaluated a new in vitro opacitometer method as an alternative to the in vivo Draize test for ocular irritancy. Several concentrations of timolol maleate (timolol) with or without 0.005% benzalkonium chloride were applied to porcine isolated corneas which were either intact or with the epithelium, endothelium, or both epithelium and endothelium removed. Corneal opacities were measured using an opacitometer. In general, timolol with benzalkonium chloride caused a greater degree of opacity to develop in the cornea than did timolol alone. At the lower concentrations of timolol, the increased opacity probably represented additive effects of the two compounds. However, at the highest concentration of timolol (5 x 10 2M), there was an enhanced opacification in the presence of benzalkonium chloride, which may have been due to an increase in penetration, particularly through the epithelium. Timolol caused a greater degree of opacity to develop in the isolated intact porcine corneas when the drug was applied to the endothelial surface, than when applied to the epithelial surface or to both the epithelial and endothelial surfaces. However, timolol with benzalkonium chloride caused a greater degree of opacity in the intact cornea, when the drug was applied to both surfaces than when it was applied only to the epithelial or the endothelial surface.

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Pratt, Nicole L., Emmae N. Ramsay, Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Tuan A. Nguyen, and Elizabeth E. Roughead. "Association between Ophthalmic Timolol and Hospitalisation for Bradycardia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/567387.

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Introduction. Ophthalmic timolol, a topical nonselective beta-blocker, has the potential to be absorbed systemically which may cause adverse cardiovascular effects. This study was conducted to determine whether initiation of ophthalmic timolol was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for bradycardia.Materials and Methods. A self-controlled case-series study was undertaken in patients who were hospitalised for bradycardia and were exposed to timolol. Person-time after timolol initiation was partitioned into risk periods: 1–30 days, 31–180 days, and >180 days. A 30-day risk period prior to initiating timolol was also included. All remaining time was considered unexposed.Results. There were 6,373 patients with at least one hospitalisation for bradycardia during the study period; 267 were exposed to timolol. Risk of bradycardia was significantly increased in the 31–180 days after timolol initiation (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.87). No increased risk was observed in the first 30 days or beyond 180 days of continuous exposure (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI 0.87–2.26 and IRR = 1.21; 95% CI 0.64–2.31, resp.).Conclusion. Bradycardia is a potential adverse event following timolol initiation. Practitioners should consider patient history before choosing a glaucoma regime and closely monitor patients after treatment initiation with topical nonselective beta-blocker eye drops.

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Ariwibowo, Lukman, Arief Budiyanto, and Retno Danarti. "Efikasi Terapi Topikal Kortikosteroid Ultrapoten, Solusio, dan Gel Timolol Maleat 0,5% Terhadap Hemangioma Infantil Superfisial." Sari Pediatri 17, no. 6 (October 14, 2016): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp17.6.2016.428-34.

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Latar belakang. Terapi kortikosteroid ultrapoten menjadi terapi topikal standar untuk HI. Namun, kortikosteroid banyak efeksamping dan respon yang kadang gagal, perlu alternatif terapi topikal lain. Solusio dan gel timolol maleat 0,5% merupakan betabloker non selektif yang ternyata dapat menghambat proliferasi dan memicu regresi HI.Tujuan. Mengetahui efikasi terapi kortikosteroid topikal ultrapoten, solusio, dan gel timolol maleat 0,5% pada hemangioma infantilsuperfisial.Metode. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif, dilibatkan 79 pasien HI superfisial dalam kurun waktu Januari 2011-Oktober 2015di RSUP. Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta.Hasil. Perbandingan selisih luas antara ketiga kelompok didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara solusio timolol maleat 0,5%dibandingkan kortikosteroid ultrapoten 0,5% (p<0,001). Gel timolol maleat 0,5% dibandingkan kortikosteroid ultrapoten (p<0,001).Perbandingan antara selisih luas lesi setelah terapi solusio dan gel timolol maleat 0,5% tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p=0,744).Kesimpulan. Efikasi solusio dan gel timolol maleat 0,5% lebih baik dibandingkan kortikosteroid topikal ultrapoten terhadappengurangan luas lesi hemangioma infantil superfisial.

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Eickner, Thomas, Franziska Kopp, Andreas Brietzke, Sabine Kischkel, Stefan Oschatz, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, Rudolf Guthoff, and Niels Grabow. "Quantification method for timolol from in vivo samples for the development of a new glaucoma drug depot." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0055.

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AbstractGlaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness. An increased intraocular pressure is the only treatable symptom of glaucoma. Because patients often exhibit a poor therapy adherence, a drug depot consisting of ELA-NCO and hyaluronic acid with timolol was developed to ensure sustained drug release. This drug depot is formed by in situ polymerisation after injection into the subconjunctival space. To test the in vivo drug release of timolol in serum and aqueous humour, a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) method was developed and tested using spike- and recovery experiments, and on in vivo samples after topical application. Samples of serum and aqueous humour were taken from New Zealand White rabbits. For topical application, a commercially available formulation of timolol was used. This study presents results concerning the recovery of timolol from spiked samples. Serum and aqueous humour samples were spiked with timolol maleate to a final concentration of 50 ng/mL. Subsequently, the samples were extracted and analysed by LCMS. External calibration of the developed method showed high linearity. Recovery experiments showed no loss of timolol. Hence, the extraction method is robust and able to recover the whole amount of timolol from aqueous humour and serum.

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Santos, Riane Moreira, Ceci Ribeiro Leite, Fábio De Oliveira Monteiro, Mariana Boechat de Abreu, Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa, and Orlei Justen dos Santos. "Avaliação eletrocardiográfica de cães clinicamente hígidos sob tratamento com solução oftálmica de maleato de timolol 0,5%: estudo preliminar." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 52, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v52i2p112-119.

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<p>O maleato de timolol 0,5% é um fármaco recomendado para tratamento de glaucoma em cães. Após instilação, e absorvido para a circulação sistêmica e por ser um antagonista beta-adrenérgico pode promover efeitos colaterais sistêmicos importantes sobre a condução elétrica cardíaca. No presente estudo, foi avaliada a alteração causada pelo timolol 0,5% oftálmico no eletrocardiograma. Foram selecionados seis cães hígidos para participar de dois tratamentos oftálmicos diferentes: no primeiro foi instilado placebo (hipromelose 0,5%) e no segundo utilizou-se timolol 0,5%. O colírio foi instilado a cada 12 horas por 14 dias. Os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos foram mensurados nos tempos: zero, 10, 60, 120, 240, 360 e 720 minutos após instilação da solução ocular nos dias primeiro, sétimo e décimo quarto de cada tratamento. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram mais evidentes entre 120 e 240 minutos pós-instilação de timolol 0,5% quando comparado com o tratamento placebo. O ritmo foi irregular, com momentos de arritmia sinusal e bradicardia sinusal. Os intervalos RR e PR prolongaram significativamente (p < 0,05) desde o primeiro dia de instilação de timolol, sendo o prolongamento mais expressivo no décimo quarto dia de tratamento. O intervalo QT demonstrou pouca variação, apenas prolongando significativamente (p < 0,05) no décimo quarto dia de aplicação de timolol. O intervalo QTc não demonstrou alteração significativa (p > 0,05). Apesar das alterações encontradas, não foram observadas manifestações clínicas relacionadas ao timolol nos animais estudados. Deve-se considerar, porém, que os animais em questão eram hígidos e, portanto, as alterações decorrentes do uso do timolol em animais com cardiopatias preexistentes poderiam promover sinais clínicos, sendo recomendada a avaliação cardíaca de pacientes previamente à prescrição do timolol oftálmico.</p>

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Kóthy, Péter, and Gábor Holló. "Real-life experience of using brinzolamide/brimonidine fixed drop combination in a tertiary glaucoma centre." International Ophthalmology 40, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01194-6.

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Abstract Purpose To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and tolerance of brinzolamide/brimonidine fixed combination (BBFC) under real-life conditions in a tertiary glaucoma centre. Methods Medical records of all ocular hypertensive and open-angle glaucoma patients (n = 52) treated with BBFC were retrospectively analysed. Results Thirty-nine patients had primary open-angle, 6 exfoliative, 2 pigment, 1 normal tension and 1 juvenile open-angle glaucoma and 3 ocular hypertension. The prior therapy was a prostaglandin analogue (PG) (n = 4), PG/timolol (n = 20), PG/timolol and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI; n = 19), timolol/CAI (n = 1), PG and CAI (n = 4), timolol/pilocarpine and PG (n = 1), timolol/brimonidine and PG (n = 1) and timolol/brimonidine, PG and CAI (n = 2). These were simplified to PG/timolol and BBFC (n = 41), PG and BBFC (n = 9), timolol and BBFC (n = 1) and timolol/pilocarpine, PG and BBFC (n = 1). The IOP on the study eyes was 21.2 ± 3.7 mmHg before and 16.9 ± 2.6, 16.0 ± 2.2, 17.6 ± 3.1 and 18.0 ± 3.1 mmHg after the introduction of BBFC at month 1, 3, 6 and 12, respectively (p < 0.0003 for all time points compared to baseline, p = 1.0 for all other comparisons). Thirty-one patients (59.6%) experienced no adverse event, 17 (32.7%) reported ocular and 6 (11.5%) systemic adverse events. BBFC therapy was terminated on 27 patients (51.9%): on 19 (36.5%) due to adverse events and on 8 (15.4%) due to insufficient IOP reduction. Conclusion In real-life practice, the introduction of BBCF allows significant and clinically meaningful IOP reduction and therapy simplification in glaucoma patients requiring complex medication, but in more than one third of the patients it is not tolerated due to adverse events.

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&NA;. "Timolol see Betaxolol/levobunolol/timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 294 (March 1990): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199002940-00052.

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&NA;. "Timolol see Betaxolol/carteolol/timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 305 (June 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003050-00036.

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&NA;. "Timolol see Befunolol/timolol/betaxolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 323 (October 1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003230-00047.

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Borges, A. G., C. V. S. Brandão, J. J. T. Ranzani, and J. C. Adalberto. "Efeitos maleato de timolol 0.5% do cloridrato de dorzolamida 2%, e da associação de ambas na pressão intra-ocular." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, no. 3 (June 2007): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352007000300017.

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Avaliaram-se efeitos da dorzolamida do timolol e da combinação de ambos sobre pressão intra-ocular (PIO) de cães normais, além de alterações no olho contralateral, não-tratado. Foram utilizados 60 cães sadios, distribuídos em três grupos (G) de 20 animais. No primeiro grupo (GT), foi avaliada a ação do maleato de timolol 0,5% na PIO; no segundo (GD), a ação do cloridrato de dorzolamida 2%; e, no terceiro (GTD), o efeito da associação fixa timolol/dorzolamida. A PIO foi aferida utilizando-se tonômetro de aplanação (Tonopen®), uma hora antes e uma, duas, quatro, seis e oito horas após a instilação do colírio em análise no olho esquerdo. O efeito da associação timolol/dorzolamida foi mais intenso (27%) que os efeitos do timolol (21,9%) e da dorzolamida (22,4%) na redução da PIO. No olho contralateral, verificou-se redução de 7% no GT, 13,8% no GD e 13,6% no GTD, após quatro e duas horas da administração.

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Zheng, Yu Feng, and Yan Bo Wang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-Mo-Sn Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.281.

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The phase constitution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of TiMoSn alloys were investigated by means of XRD, tensile test, electrochemical measurement and XPS techniques. The XRD analysis results showed that at room temperature TiMoSn alloys are mainly composed of β phase, with minor content of α" phase, in as-cast and solid solution treated conditions. The tensile test results indicate that the elastic moduli of the Ti-Mo-Sn alloys are in the range of 52~74GPa. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that TiMoSn alloys have excellent corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid. The XPS analysis results reveal that the passive films of TiMoSn alloys after polarization consist of TiO2, SnO2 and Mo2O5.

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Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray, Muslum Gok, Burak Erman, and Belma Turan. "Effects of timolol treatment on pancreatic antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: An experimental and computational study." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 38, no. 3 (May 11, 2019): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jomb-2018-0034.

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Summary Background The study aimed to investigate whether timolol-treatment has a beneficial effect on pentose phosphate pathway enzyme activities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) enzyme activities and cAMP level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in pancreatic tissues Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in 3-month old male Wistar rats. The diabetic rats were treated with timolol (5 mg/kg body weight, for 12 weeks) while the control group received saline. Enzyme activities were determined in pancreas tissue. To support our results, we performed in silico calculations, using Protein Data Bank structures. Results Timolol treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats had no noteworthy effect on high blood-glucose levels. However, this treatment induced activities of G6PD and 6PGDH in diabetic rats. Timolol treatment significantly increased cAMP level in diabetic pancreatic tissue. We found that timolol cannot bind strongly to either G6PD or 6PGD, but there is a relatively higher binding affinity to adenylyl cyclase, responsible for cAMP production, serving as a regulatory signal via specific cAMP-binding proteins. Conclusions Our data point out that timolol treatment has beneficial effects on the antioxidant defence mechanism enzymes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

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Hedman, K., and A. Alm. "A Pooled-Data Analysis of Three Randomized, Double-Masked, Six-Month Clinical Studies Comparing the Intraocular Pressure Reducing Effect of Latanoprost and Timolol." European Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (April 2000): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210001000201.

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Purpose To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction by latanoprost and timolol, and to study factors of prognostic value for assessing this reduction. Methods We analyzed 829 patients included in three phase III studies comparing six months' treatment with 0.005% latanoprost once daily and 0.5% timolol twice daily in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Analysis of covariance controlled for differences in baseline IOP and sex was used to assess the IOP reduction. Results Latanoprost reduced diurnal IOP (average of morning, noon and afternoon assessments) by 7.7 mmHg (31%) and timolol by 6.5 mmHg (26%) after six months of treatment. Thus the diurnal IOP was reduced 1.2 mmHg (18%) more with latanoprost than with timolol (p<0.001). Latanoprost-treated patients showed a further decrease in morning IOP of 0.7 mmHg (9%, p<0.001) from the initial morning IOP reduction obtained at two weeks. No such further decrease in IOP was seen with timolol. Higher baseline diurnal IOP resulted in a larger diurnal reduction during treatment with both drugs (p<0.001). Diurnal IOP in women was reduced 0.7 mmHg (11%) less than males with both drugs (p<0.001). Conclusions Latanoprost was more effective than timolol in reducing mean diurnal IOP. The effect after two weeks was maintained for timolol while with latanoprost there was a further, significant IOP reduction from two weeks to six months. Baseline IOP was the only factor of clinical importance found to be of prognostic value for assessing the IOP reduction.

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Nayak, Satish, Karthik Rao, Navin Patil, A. Avinash, Jayaprakash B., and N. R. Rau. "BRONCHOCONSTRICTION SECONDARY TO USE OF TOPICAL TIMOLOL IN A NON-ASTHMATIC PATIENT." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 10 (August 23, 2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.12608.

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<p>Ophthalmic application of a non-selective beta blocker like timolol maleate is known to produce bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals or patients with obstructive lung diseases. Timolol-induced bronchoconstriction in a previously healthy young adult without any pulmonary disease is rare. We report a case of a young adult who developed bronchoconstriction following ocular instillation of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution when he was treated for open-angle glaucoma.</p>

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Noecker, Robert J., and Michael J. Pokabla. "Safety and Efficacy of Fixed Combination Travoprost-Timolol in the Lowering of Intraocular Pressure." Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 2 (January 2010): CMT.S2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s2030.

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The fixed combination eye drop Duotrav is a combination of travoprost 0.004% and timolol maleate 0.5%. Both travoprost and timolol have been used separately for the treatment of glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the fixed combination travoprost/timolol for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The once daily dosing of this combination offers multiple potential advantages such as patient adherence, potential cost advantages, and reduction in exposure to preservatives. This article discusses the benefits of fixed combination medications and summarizes past and recent studies listed on the online resource PubMed of the fixed combination travoprost/timolol with comparison to both monotherapy and other similar fixed combination ocular hypotensive preparations.

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Negri, Letizia, Antonio Ferreras, and Michele Iester. "Timolol 0.1% in Glaucomatous Patients: Efficacy, Tolerance, and Quality of Life." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4146124.

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Glaucoma is a progressive, chronic optic neuropathy characterized by a typical visual field defects. Four main classes of topical medication are actually available on the market: beta-blockers, prostaglandins, alpha2-agonists, and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor to treat intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of this review is to outline the efficacy of timolol and to evaluate the impact of this treatment on patients’ quality of life. Among beta-blockers, timolol is most used at three different concentrations: 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%. While the first one is a gel, the other two products are solution. Timolol has few topical side effects, while it has some important systemic side effects on the cardiac and respiratory systems. The balance between efficacy and safety is always the main aspect to care patients. Because of the less efficacy of timolol 0.1% solution, the possibility to use carbomers as vehicle in the gel drops helped timolol 0.1 to be used in clinics, extending the time contact between the active ingredient and the surface of the cornea. Using preservative-free timolol 0.1 for treatment, IOP was at the same level of the other beta-blockers at higher concentration, but it was better tolerated. Preservative-free treatment improved the quality of life reducing dry-eye like symptoms; furthermore, the presence of an artificial tear in the medication bottle could help adherence. The once daily dosing improves compliance.

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Hakim, Lukman, Yuliah Yuliah, and Hamdan Adma Adinugraha. "Pengaruh pohon induk dan bahan stek terhadap pertumbuhan stek cabang Timoho ( Kleinhovia hospita L)." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.13.2.123-130.

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Timoho (Kleinhovia hospita L) is a rare plant that has high economic and cultural value for the Javanese people, especially in Yogyakarta. Timoho wood has a beautiful pattern called pelet and is used as a raw material for keris sheath. In Yogyakarta, timoho trees are difficult to find, currently, so that plant propagation in a generative way also has difficulty due to scarcity of seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct timoho propagation research through vegetative methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin of stem cuttings to the success of timoho stem cuttings. Stem cuttings come from three timoho trees in the Arboretum of the Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta. The research method used a factorial experimental design using 3 mother trees and 3 stem parts (base, middle and end). The parameters observed were percentage of shoots, number of shoots, length of shoots, and number of leaves. The results showed the percentage of live cuttings varied from 10.9-60.0%, number of shoots 1-7 pieces, number of leaves 3-26 strands and length of shoots 2.00-17.7 cm. The mother tree has a significant effect on the percentage of sprouts and shoot length, while the cuttings material has a significant effect on the length of shoots at the cuttings measurements of the age of 2 months since planted in polybags.

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Hakim, Lukman, Yuliah Yuliah, and Hamdan Adma Adinugraha. "Pengaruh pohon induk dan bahan stek terhadap pertumbuhan stek cabang Timoho ( Kleinhovia hospita L)." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2019.13.2.123-130.

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Timoho (Kleinhovia hospita L) is a rare plant that has high economic and cultural value for the Javanese people, especially in Yogyakarta. Timoho wood has a beautiful pattern called pelet and is used as a raw material for keris sheath. In Yogyakarta, timoho trees are difficult to find, currently, so that plant propagation in a generative way also has difficulty due to scarcity of seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct timoho propagation research through vegetative methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin of stem cuttings to the success of timoho stem cuttings. Stem cuttings come from three timoho trees in the Arboretum of the Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta. The research method used a factorial experimental design using 3 mother trees and 3 stem parts (base, middle and end). The parameters observed were percentage of shoots, number of shoots, length of shoots, and number of leaves. The results showed the percentage of live cuttings varied from 10.9-60.0%, number of shoots 1-7 pieces, number of leaves 3-26 strands and length of shoots 2.00-17.7 cm. The mother tree has a significant effect on the percentage of sprouts and shoot length, while the cuttings material has a significant effect on the length of shoots at the cuttings measurements of the age of 2 months since planted in polybags.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1222 (October 2008): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812220-00101.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 442 (March 1993): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304420-00072.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 452 (May 1993): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304520-00060.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 305 (June 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003050-00037.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1099 (April 2006): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200610990-00045.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 350 (May 1991): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103500-00051.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 713 (August 1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199807130-00037.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 722 (October 1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199807220-00034.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 496 (April 1994): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199404960-00049.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1297 (April 2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012970-00145.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1239 (February 2009): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912390-00095.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 646 (April 1997): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199706460-00036.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 682 (December 1997): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199706820-00040.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1194-1195 (March 2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200811940-00122.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1123 (October 2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200611230-00064.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 314 (August 1990): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003140-00060.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1425 (October 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214250-00122.

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NIELSEN, NIELS VESTI. "TIMOLOL." Acta Ophthalmologica 56, no. 4 (May 27, 2009): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1978.tb01363.x.

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NIELSEN, NIELS VESTI, and JENS SINDBERG ERIKSEN. "TIMOLOL." Acta Ophthalmologica 57, no. 6 (May 27, 2009): 1070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00539.x.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 393 (March 1992): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199203930-00042.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 369 (September 1991): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103690-00062.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 413 (August 1992): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204130-00052.

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&NA;. "Timolol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1389 (February 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201213890-00148.

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Sorensen, Suellyn J., and Steven R. Abel. "Comparison Oftheocular Beta-Blockers." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000109.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the similarities and differences among the ocular beta-blockers. Important considerations when comparing these agents are the differences in systemic adverse effects, local tolerability, and cost. DATA SOURCE: Information was retrieved from a MEDLINE search of the English-language literature and bibliographic reviews of review articles. Index terms included beta-blockers, glaucoma, timolol, levobunolol, betaxolol, metipranolol, and Carteolol. STUDY SELECTION: Emphasis was placed on eyedrop studies, as well as properly designed and executed clinical trials that assessed dosage, dosing interval, therapeutic response, adverse effects, and cost. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from several studies were evaluated according to the study design, therapeutic response, and adverse effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Timolol maleate, levobunolol, metipranolol, and Carteolol have similar effectiveness in lowering intraocular pressure; however, levobunolol and timolol gel forming solution may have an advantage of once-daily dosing. Studies have not been published comparing the clinical efficacy of timolol hemihydrate with that of other ocular beta-blockers. Metipranolol is cost effective in treating primary open-angle glaucoma; however, it has been associated with more ocular burning, stinging, and granulomatous anterior uveitis than other agents. The intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of Carteolol has not yet displayed a definite advantage over the other agents in terms of optic disk perfusion and systemic adverse effects. The control of intraocular pressure with betaxolol has not always been as good as with timolol; however, betaxolol has some advantages over timolol and the other topical beta-blockers in terms of systemic adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Considering cost, efficacy, and safety, timolol maleate is the recommended formulary agent because the other agents cannot consistently show an outstanding advantage.

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