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1
Tahara, Yu, Saneyuki Makino, Takahiko Suiko, Yuki Nagamori, Takao Iwai, Megumi Aono, and Shigenobu Shibata. "Association between Irregular Meal Timing and the Mental Health of Japanese Workers." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082775.
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Breakfast skipping and nighttime snacking have been identified as risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of irregularity of meal timing on health and daily quality of life are still unclear. In this study, a web-based self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted involving 4490 workers (73.3% males; average age = 47.4 ± 0.1 years) in Japan to investigate the association between meal habits, health, and social relationships. This study identified that irregular meal timing was correlated with higher neuroticism (one of the Big Five personality traits), lower physical activity levels, and higher productivity loss. Irregular meal timing was also associated with a higher incidence of sleep problems and lower subjective health conditions. Among health outcomes, a high correlation of irregular meal timing with mental health factors was observed. This study showed that irregularity of meal timing can be explained by unbalanced diets, frequent breakfast skipping, increased snacking frequency, and insufficient latency from the last meal to sleep onset. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted, and a significant contribution of meal timing irregularity to subjective mental health was found under adjustment for other confounding factors. These results suggest that irregular meal timing is a good marker of subjective mental health issues.
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Hoopes, Elissa, Michele D'Agata, Talia Brookstein-Burke, Shannon Robson, Melissa Witman, Susan Malone, and Freda Patterson. "0003 On the Same Wavelength? Quantifying the Associations between Eating Timing and Rest-Activity Rhythms in Free-Living Adults." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.002.
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Abstract Introduction Misalignment between the central circadian clock and daily behaviors increases cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality risk, likely due to internal misalignment between central and peripheral circadian rhythms. Experimental studies suggest food intake may act as a time cue (‘zeitgeber’) for resetting circadian rhythms, representing a potential behavioral target to ameliorate circadian misalignment and associated health consequences. However, the extent to which eating timing relates to circadian rhythms in free-living adults is unclear. Therefore, we tested the associations between eating timing with 24-h rest-activity-rhythms (RAR), a free-living proxy for endogenous circadian rhythms, in non-shift-working adults. Methods Adults without chronic health conditions or sleep disorders completed 14 days of 24/7 wrist accelerometry to evaluate RAR variables of interdaily stability (IS; day-to-day stability in RAR), intradaily variability (IV; within-day fragmentation of RAR), relative amplitude (RA; difference between peak vs. trough activity), L5 onset time (5-h period with lowest activity), and M10 onset time (10-h period with highest activity). Concurrently, time-stamped image-assisted diet records were obtained to generate average eating timing variables, including daily eating onset (time of first caloric intake after awakening), offset (last caloric intake time), duration (time elapsed between eating onset and offset), and caloric midpoint (time at which 50% of daily kcals were consumed), and variables illustrating irregularity in eating timing (standard deviation of eating timing variables). Pearson’s correlations quantified the associations between RAR and eating timing variables. Results Participants (N=30) were 28.0±6.6 years, 57% female, with a BMI of 23.8±2.5 kg/m2. Higher IS was correlated with lower irregularity in both eating onset (r=-0.55, p<0.01) and duration (r=-0.51, p<0.01). Higher RA correlated with earlier eating onset (r=-0.47, p<0.01), longer eating duration (r=0.53, p<0.01), and lower eating onset irregularity (r=-0.37, p<0.05). Later L5 correlated with later eating onset (r=0.67, p<0.001), offset (r=0.58, p<0.001), caloric midpoint (r=0.56, p<0.01), and greater eating offset irregularity (r=0.53, p<0.01). Later M10 correlated with later eating offset (r=0.40, p<0.05). Conclusion Preliminary findings indicate that eating timing and RAR are moderately correlated in free-living adults. Earlier eating timing, increased eating regularity, and longer daily eating duration may represent behavioral targets for improving circadian rhythms and subsequent cardiometabolic outcomes. Support (If Any): Support provided by the American Heart Association (#831488) and a University of Delaware Research Fund-Strategic Initiative Award.
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Christodoulou, Chris, and Aristodemos Cleanthous. "Does High Firing Irregularity Enhance Learning?" Neural Computation 23, no. 3 (March 2011): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00090.
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In this note, we demonstrate that the high firing irregularity produced by the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with the partial somatic reset mechanism, which has been shown to be the most likely candidate to reflect the mechanism used in the brain for reproducing the highly irregular cortical neuron firing at high rates (Bugmann, Christodoulou, & Taylor, 1997 ; Christodoulou & Bugmann, 2001 ), enhances learning. More specifically, it enhances reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity with eligibility trace when used in spiking neural networks, as shown by the results when tested in the simple benchmark problem of XOR, as well as in a complex multiagent setting task.
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Scott, H., B. Lechat, A. Reynolds, N. Lovato, P. Escourrou, P. Catcheside, and D. Eckert. "O040 Associations between Sleep Irregularity and Hypertension: Sleep Sensor Data from Over Two Million Nights." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.039.
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Abstract Introduction Irregular sleep has been associated with worse cardio-metabolic health compared to regular sleep, but prior studies are limited in sample size and have assessed sleep irregularity over short assessment periods (7-14 days). This study investigated associations between sleep irregularity and hypertension in a large, global sample over multiple months. Methods Data from 12,300 participants (Mean ± SD; 50 ± 12 years, 12% females) who used an under-mattress sleep device and a portable blood pressure monitor between July 2020 and March 2021 were included. Each participant had ~180 nights of recordings and ~70 blood pressure entries. Sleep duration regularity was assessed as the standard deviation of device-assessed total sleep time. Sleep timing regularity was assessed as the standard deviation of sleep onset time and sleep midpoint. Logistic regressions were conducted, controlling for age, sex, BMI, and mean total sleep time. Results Across total sleep time quartiles, sleep duration irregularity was consistently associated with a 9-15% increase in hypertension risk. A 38-minute increase in sleep midpoint irregularity was associated with an 11% (1.11 [1.03, 1.20]) increase in hypertension risk, independent of mean total sleep time and mean sleep midpoint. Similarly, a ~31-minute increase in sleep onset time irregularity was associated with a 29% increased risk of hypertension (1.29 [1.18, 1.42]). Conclusions Irregular sleep, regardless of average total sleep time, was associated with increased hypertension risk. Further assessment of day-to-day fluctuations in sleep duration and timing for potential effects on next-day blood pressure and cardiovascular health outcomes is warranted.
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Kulmanakov, Sergey P., and Sergey A. Tyutikov. "Assessment of influence of the Common Rail system high-pressure fuel pump design on regularity of fuel supply to a fuel accumulator." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 89, no. 4 (January 27, 2023): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-108775.
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BACKGROUND: At the present time all worldwide diesel engine manufacturers have directed their development strategies on the way of reduction of harmful emissions, fuel efficiency improving and increasing of the power per liter. Using only accumulator type system is not sufficient for the goals achievement. It is necessary to use new auxiliary units, such as an exhaust catalyst, an exhaust recirculation system, injection of additional liquids together with diesel fuel, as well as to improve the existing units. Increasing the accuracy of injection rate of a nozzle will make it possible to adjust the engine fuel system more precisely, that will have a positive effect on all development directions of diesel engine engineering. Injection rate of a nozzle is dependent on fuel pressure in the nozzle inlet and on control signal timing. Pressure pulsation with stable timing cause irregularity of injection rate of a nozzle. Possibility of decreasing of nozzle inlet pressure pulsation is mainly defined by design of a high-pressure fuel pump, as it supplies fuel partially. The design optimization will make it possible to increase the accuracy of injection rate, that will make a positive effect on development of the diesel engines promising areas.
AIMS: Study of irregularity of fuel supply by fuel pumps of various diesel engines designs with the Common Rail fuel accumulation system, aimed to decrease fuel oscillations and to improve stability of injection rate of a nozzle.
METHODS: In order to assess the efficiency of high-pressure fuel pump designs, these designs were simulated in the specialised software. Theoretical studies of fuel supply irregularity for various designs of the pumps were carried out.
RESULTS: Graphs of non-uniformity of fuel supply of high-pressure pumps depending on their design are obtained.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on simulations, the conclusions about design influence on fuel supply irregularity of various designs of pump are made, recommendations for use are given.
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Toffol, Elena, Päivikki Koponen, Riitta Luoto, and Timo Partonen. "Pubertal timing, menstrual irregularity, and mental health: results of a population-based study." Archives of Women's Mental Health 17, no. 2 (November 26, 2013): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-013-0399-y.
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Witham, Claire L., and Stuart N. Baker. "Information theoretic analysis of proprioceptive encoding during finger flexion in the monkey sensorimotor system." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00178.2014.
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There is considerable debate over whether the brain codes information using neural firing rate or the fine-grained structure of spike timing. We investigated this issue in spike discharge recorded from single units in the sensorimotor cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, and dorsal root ganglia in macaque monkeys trained to perform a finger flexion task. The task required flexion to four different displacements against two opposing torques; the eight possible conditions were randomly interleaved. We used information theory to assess coding of task condition in spike rate, discharge irregularity, and spectral power in the 15- to 25-Hz band during the period of steady holding. All three measures coded task information in all areas tested. Information coding was most often independent between irregularity and 15–25 Hz power (60% of units), moderately redundant between spike rate and irregularity (56% of units redundant), and highly redundant between spike rate and power (93%). Most simultaneously recorded unit pairs coded using the same measure independently (86%). Knowledge of two measures often provided extra information about task, compared with knowledge of only one alone. We conclude that sensorimotor systems use both rate and temporal codes to represent information about a finger movement task. As well as offering insights into neural coding, this work suggests that incorporating spike irregularity into algorithms used for brain-machine interfaces could improve decoding accuracy.
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Safargaleev, V., A. Kozlovsky, F. Honary, A. Voronin, and T. Turunen. "Geomagnetic disturbances on ground associated with particle precipitation during SC." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 1 (January 22, 2010): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-247-2010.
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Abstract. We have examined several cases of magnetosphere compression by solar wind pressure pulses using a set of instruments located in the noon sector of auroral zone. We have found that the increase in riometric absorption (sudden commencement absorption, SCA) occurred simultaneously with the beginning of negative or positive magnetic variations and broadband enhancement of magnetic activity in the frequency range above 0.1 Hz. Since magnetic variations were observed before the step-like increase of magnetic field at equatorial station (main impulse, MI), the negative declinations resembled the so-called preliminary impulse, PI. In this paper a mechanism for the generation of PI is introduced whereby PI's generation is linked to SCA – associated precipitation and the local enhancement of ionospheric conductivity leading to the reconstruction of the ionospheric current system prior to MI. Calculation showed that PI polarity depends on orientation of the background electric field and location of the observation point relative to ionospheric irregularity. For one case of direct measurements of electric field in the place where the ionospheric irregularity was present, the sign of calculated disturbance corresponded to the observed one. High-resolution measurements on IRIS facility and meridional chain of the induction magnetometers are utilized for the accurate timing of the impact of solar wind irregularity on the magnetopause.
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Stahl, John S., and Zachary C. Thumser. "Flocculus Purkinje cell signals in mouse Cacna1a calcium channel mutants of escalating severity: an investigation of the role of firing irregularity in ataxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (November 15, 2014): 2647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2014.
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Mutation of the Cacna1a gene for the P/Q (CaV2.1) calcium channel invariably leads to cerebellar dysfunction. The dysfunction has been attributed to disrupted rhythmicity of cerebellar Purkinje cells, but the hypothesis remains unproven. If irregular firing rates cause cerebellar dysfunction, then the irregularity and behavioral deficits should covary in a series of mutant strains of escalating severity. We compared firing irregularity in floccular and anterior vermis Purkinje cells in the mildly affected rocker and moderately affected tottering Cacna1a mutants and normal C57BL/6 mice. We also measured the amplitude and timing of modulations of floccular Purkinje cell firing rate during the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (VOR, 0.25–1 Hz) and the horizontal and vertical optokinetic reflex (OKR, 0.125–1 Hz). We recorded Purkinje cells selective for rotational stimulation about the vertical axis (VAPCs) and a horizontal axis (HAPCs). Irregularity scaled with behavioral deficit severity in the flocculus but failed to do so in the vermis, challenging the irregularity hypothesis. Mutant VAPCs exhibited unusually strong modulation during VOR and OKR, the response augmentation scaling with phenotypic severity. HAPCs exhibited increased OKR modulation but in tottering only. The data contradict prior claims that modulation amplitude is unaffected in tottering but support the idea that attenuated compensatory eye movements in Cacna1a mutants arise from defective transfer of Purkinje cell signals to downstream circuitry, rather than attenuated synaptic transmission within the cerebellar cortex. Shifts in the relative sizes of the VAPC and HAPC populations raise the possibility that Cacna1a mutations influence the development of floccular zone architecture.
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Mathew, Gina, David Reichenberger, Orfeu Buxton, Lauren Hale, and Anne-Marie Chang. "140 Short and Long Sleep Duration, Poor Sleep Quality, and Later Sleep are Associated with Lower Odds of Adolescents Eating Breakfast." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.139.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep health is linked to dietary choices, and skipping breakfast is associated with risk of negative health outcomes in adolescents. However, there is a lack of research on whether dimensions of sleep at night predict adolescents eating breakfast the next day. We investigated within- and between-person associations of multiple aspects of sleep with adolescent breakfast consumption. Methods Data were collected from a subset of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=590). Teens wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week (mean=5.9 days). Surveys assessed subjective sleep quality (low–high) and consumption of breakfast (no/yes). Mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep timing (onset, midpoint, and offset) and subjective sleep quality predicted odds of breakfast consumption in both within- and between-person models. A curvilinear association between sleep duration and breakfast consumption was also assessed. Irregularity of sleep duration and timing were tested as additional predictors, calculated as SD per person (in between-person models only). Analyses included random intercepts for participants and covariates: school day, boredom, loneliness, happiness, depressive symptoms, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and household income. Results Within-person analyses revealed a significant curvilinear association between sleep duration and breakfast consumption, such that on nights when teens slept shorter or longer than their average, they had lower odds of eating breakfast the next day (p=.005). Additionally, on nights when teens had a later sleep midpoint or offset than their usual, they tended to skip breakfast the next day (both p<.05). Between-person models showed that teens who on average had later sleep timing (onset, midpoint, and offset) and who reported lower sleep quality had lower odds of eating breakfast (all p<.04). Lastly, teens with greater irregularity of sleep duration and sleep timing (midpoint and offset) had lower odds of eating breakfast (all p<.009). Conclusion Findings indicate that multiple dimensions of adolescent sleep health, including long and short sleep duration, later sleep timing, and poorer sleep quality, are associated with lower odds of eating breakfast. These sleep and dietary behaviors in adolescence may consequently impact future metabolic health. Support (if any) R01HD073352
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Morales-Ghinaglia, Natasha, Fan He, Jason Liao, Susan Calhoun, Alexandros Vgontzas, Edward Bixler, Duanping Liao, and Julio Fernandez-Mendoza. "0006 Circadian Misalignment Increases the Impact of Visceral Adiposity on Metabolic Syndrome Burden in Adolescents." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0006.
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Abstract Introduction Although insufficient sleep is a known risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS), the circadian timing of sleep is also involved in cardiac and metabolic regulation. As a result, circadian misalignment of the sleep-wake cycle, which is highly prevalent in adolescents, may independently impact the burden of MetS in youth. Methods We analyzed data from 277 population-based randomly-selected adolescents from the Penn State Child Cohort (median 16 years; 47% female; 21% racial/ethnic minority) who had at least 5 nights of at-home actigraphy (ACT), an in-lab 9-h polysomnography (PSG) and an in-lab dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Two ACT-measured metrics of circadian misalignment were examined as effect modifiers: sleep midpoint (SM), the intra-individual mean midpoint of the sleep period, and sleep regularity (SR), the intra-individual standard deviation of sleep midpoint. DEXA-measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was the primary predictor. A continuous MetS score (i.e., sum of the age and sex adjusted z-scores of waist circumference, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol) was the primary outcome. Linear regression models tested SM and SR as effect modifiers of the association of VAT with MetS, while accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, ACT-sleep duration, ACT-sleep variability, and PSG-apnea/hypopnea index. Results A significant interaction was found between VAT and SR on MetS (p-interaction=0.05), while not between VAT and SM (p-interaction=0.15). Among adolescents with high sleep irregularity (≥ 45 minutes; n=164), each standard deviation increase in VAT was associated with 2.4 (0.2) standard deviations increase in MetS (p< 0.01), while this association was weaker among adolescents with low sleep irregularity [< 45 minutes; n=113; β=1.7 (0.3), p< 0.01]. Conclusion An irregular circadian timing of sleep may further increase the impact of visceral adiposity on MetS burden in adolescents. Sleep irregularity, independent of sleep apnea and insufficient sleep, may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic sequelae associated with central obesity. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, UL1TR000127) and American Heart Association (23PRE1011962)
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Myers, Annika, Jinu Kim, Megan Rech, Alyssa Vieira, Anthony Cifre, Sarah Rizvi, and Candice Alfano. "0208 Sleep Irregularity Predicts Emotional Change After Sleep Restriction Among School-aged Children." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A89—A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0208.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep irregularity has been associated with more negative emotional outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Although commonly used, standard deviation of sleep duration may be a less sensitive metric of sleep regularity in school-aged children given increased need for sleep and parental influence on sleep timing during childhood. We therefore examined another metric of sleep regularity, mean sum of successive differences (MSSD), in association with children’s responses to emotional stimuli when rested and after partial sleep restriction. Methods Healthy children (N = 50, 7-11 years, M age = 9.65; 56% female) wore actigraphs for one week from which MSSD of sleep time (TST) and midsleep point (MSP) was calculated. Both after a night of full sleep and after two night of sleep restriction (SR; 7 and 6 hours sleep), participants were asked to suppress their facial expressions in response to negatively valanced movies while respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA), a measure of physiological emotional regulation, was monitored. Participants also rated difficulty of emotional suppression (ES). Hierarchical linear regressions were run with change in RSA during negative movies and difficulty of ES while rested and after SR as dependent variables, and regularity metrics as independent variables. Average TST and pubertal status were entered as covariates, as well as resting RSA and change in resting RSA after SR in relevant models. Results Sleep regularity did not predict emotional variables when children were rested. However, greater TST MSSD (β=0.26, p=0.02) predicted increased RSA during movies after SR, suggesting greater difficulty regulating emotional responses (overall model: F(4,28)=3.12, p=0.03, addition of TST MSSD: ΔR2 = 0.15, F(1,28)=6.21, p=0.02). Additionally, greater MSP MSSD (β=-0.9, p=0.0003) predicted less ES difficulty post SR, indicative of blunted affective expression (overall model: F(3,46)=6.22, p=0.001, addition of MSP MSSD: ΔR2=0.24, F(1,46)=15.27, p=0.0003). Conclusion Irregularity in TST may exert the greatest impacts on school-aged children’s physiological emotional responses when sleep duration is inadequate. Analyses also suggest a blunting effect of irregular sleep timing on emotional expression after inadequate sleep duration. Our findings warrant further exploration. Support (if any) Data collection was supported by grant #R21MH099351
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Saif, Marriyam, Anam Aslam, Rida Zainab, Mahnoor Tariq, Khadija Sajid, and Afifa Tanweer. "Disturbance in Chrononutrition and Its Influence on Body Weight and Academic Performance: A Review." Chronobiology in Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0026.
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This study is a review of articles from 1999 to 2023 that present how circadian rhythm and factors have created an impact on individuals. Chrononutrition is the latest concept of sleeping patterns and eating behaviors along with it. It includes meal frequency, regularity, and timing. Alteration in these can be a reason for healthy eating or risk of diseases. The pros and cons of chronotypes (morning and evening) and their relation with modernization are being studied. Meal skipping and its influence on body weight are deleterious for health and breakfast skipping and late dinners have a higher association with weight gain. Disruption in sleep and high-calorie consumption before bedtime causes disturbed and insufficient sleep. Nutrient intake is low in individuals who have poor sleep-wake cycles. Also, irregularity in the sleep-wake cycles and meal timings have an association with poor academic performance of students of school, college, and university levels. In conclusion, eating with a biological clock can help individuals reverse or recover from a disease and create a positive impact on academic performance.
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Zoefel, Benedikt, Rebecca A. Gilbert, and Matthew H. Davis. "Intelligibility improves perception of timing changes in speech." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): e0279024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279024.
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Auditory rhythms are ubiquitous in music, speech, and other everyday sounds. Yet, it is unclear how perceived rhythms arise from the repeating structure of sounds. For speech, it is unclear whether rhythm is solely derived from acoustic properties (e.g., rapid amplitude changes), or if it is also influenced by the linguistic units (syllables, words, etc.) that listeners extract from intelligible speech. Here, we present three experiments in which participants were asked to detect an irregularity in rhythmically spoken speech sequences. In each experiment, we reduce the number of possible stimulus properties that differ between intelligible and unintelligible speech sounds and show that these acoustically-matched intelligibility conditions nonetheless lead to differences in rhythm perception. In Experiment 1, we replicate a previous study showing that rhythm perception is improved for intelligible (16-channel vocoded) as compared to unintelligible (1-channel vocoded) speech–despite near-identical broadband amplitude modulations. In Experiment 2, we use spectrally-rotated 16-channel speech to show the effect of intelligibility cannot be explained by differences in spectral complexity. In Experiment 3, we compare rhythm perception for sine-wave speech signals when they are heard as non-speech (for naïve listeners), and subsequent to training, when identical sounds are perceived as speech. In all cases, detection of rhythmic regularity is enhanced when participants perceive the stimulus as speech compared to when they do not. Together, these findings demonstrate that intelligibility enhances the perception of timing changes in speech, which is hence linked to processes that extract abstract linguistic units from sound.
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Derby, Carol, Michelle Hood, Martica Hall, Hadine Joffe, Rebecca Thurston, Howard Kravitz, and Leslie Swanson. "SLEEP REGULARITY, SLEEP TIMING, AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AMONG WOMEN ENTERING EARLY OLDER AGE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2032.
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Abstract Poor sleep health is a modifiable behavior linked to cognitive impairment risk. While prior work has focused primarily on sleep quantity and quality, emerging evidence suggests the importance of sleep timing and regularity. We examined whether sleep timing and regularity were associated with cognitive performance within a diverse cohort of women ages 60.5-72.2 years, and tested whether associations were independent of sleep duration and quality (wake after sleep onset). The sample included 1178 SWAN women who completed 4-7 nights of actigraphy and cognitive testing at the 15th SWAN follow-up in 2015-2016, [Mean age 65.5 (± 2.63 years); 25% Black, 12% Chinese, 6% Hispanic White, 11% Japanese, 46% Non-Hispanic White]. Sleep timing was defined as the midpoint time between sleep onset and waking, averaged across nights and was dichotomized as healthy (2am – 4am) or unhealthy (outside 2am – 4am). Sleep regularity was defined as the standard deviation of the sleep midpoint across nights. Associations of sleep regularity and timing with verbal episodic memory (East Boston Memory immediate (EBMT-I) and delayed (EBMT-D)), and processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities) were examined using linear regression. Covariates included sleep duration and quality, age, race/ethnicity, education, economic hardship, depression, comorbidities, medications, alcohol use, vasomotor symptoms and testing language. Greater sleep irregularity was associated with worse verbal memory (EBMT-I β= -0.29; p=0.02; EBMT-D β= -0.36; p=0.007). Sleep midpoint outside the healthy range was associated with slower processing speed (β= -1.48; p=0.017). Sleep timing and regularity may be important targets for interventions aimed at preserving cognitive health.
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Al Abdi, Tamara, Eleni Andreou, Alexia Papageorgiou, Alexandros Heraclides, and Elena Philippou. "Personality, Chrono-nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of the Evidence." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa051.
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ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that personality traits play a role in obesity and cardiometabolic health. In addition, irregularity of food intake has emerged as a potential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies suggest that when we eat, termed “chrono-nutrition,” may be as important to what we eat. This concept covers 3 aspects: 1) irregularity of energy intake in meals (varying amounts of energy intake throughout the day and at different times from one day to the next), 2) frequency (number of meals per day), and 3) timing of food intake (actual time of day). A narrative review was conducted to identify literature evaluating the effect of personality on chrono-nutrition and subsequently obesity and cardiometabolic health. The search focused on research published since 2000 in MEDLINE using the search terms “personality,” “chrono-nutrition,” “cardiometabolic,” “BMI,” “obesity,” and “metabolic rate.” Findings indicate an inverse relation between conscientiousness and obesity, with people who are more conscientious having a lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, time of day of energy intake has been linked to obesity, since meals consumed in the evening have been associated with lower resting metabolic rate. Inconsistent timing and frequency of meals have also been linked to increased body weight and worse cardiometabolic health. Together, the data indicate that eating meals at the same time every day at regular intervals might be the reason why those who score high in conscientiousness are able to maintain a healthier weight. Despite the reviewed observational evidence, there is an apparent gap in the existing literature on the interplay between personality, chrono-nutrition, and obesity and particularly on how dietary interventions should be designed considering different personality traits. Future research is needed to clarify this association and how it interacts with other factors, thus elucidating the role of chrono-nutrition in health.
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Guinter, Mark A., Peter T. Campbell, Alpa V. Patel, and Marjorie L. McCullough. "Irregularity in breakfast consumption and daily meal timing patterns in association with body weight status and inflammation." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 10 (August 20, 2019): 1192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519002125.
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AbstractIrregular breakfast consumption and food timing patterns in relation to weight status and inflammation were investigated in a cross-sectional manner among 644 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Sub-study. Breakfast consumption, and the individual means and the intra-individual standard deviation (isd) of time at first intake of the day, duration of daily intake window and midpoint of daily intake window were collected via six 24-h recalls and examined in relation to BMI, waist circumference (WC) and inflammation (glycoprotein acetyl (GlycA)). Compared with consuming breakfast on all six recalls, linear regression models showed those who consumed breakfast on 4 or 5 of the days had a 1·29 (95 % CI 0·19, 2·38) and 1·64 (95 % CI 0·12, 3·16) kg/m2 higher BMI; no association was found for consuming breakfast ≤3 d. At 1 h later, the average time of first intake was associated with a 0·44 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·84) kg/m2 higher BMI. A 1-h increase in the isd of first intake was associated with a 1·12 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·75) kg/m2 higher BMI; isd in duration and midpoint of intake window were significant prior to additional adjustment for isd in the first intake. One-hour increases in isd for the first intake time (β: 0·15; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·26) and the midpoint of intake window (β: 0·16; 95 % CI 0·02, 0·31) were associated with higher GlycA. No associations were observed for WC independent of BMI. The results provide evidence that irregularity in breakfast consumption and daily intake timing patterns, particularly early in the day, may be related to weight status and inflammation.
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Larsen, Michael, Natasha Morales-Ghinaglia, Fan He, Yuka Imamura, Arthur Berg, Alexandros Vgontzas, Duanping Liao, Edward Bixler, and Julio Fernandez-Mendoza. "0031 Sleep Regularity is Associated with DNA Methylation in Cognitive, Cardiovascular and Mood-related Genes: A GWAS-informed Study in Adolescents." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.030.
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Abstract Introduction Adolescence is associated with a delay in the circadian timing of sleep. However, social factors prevent adolescents from adapting to a later sleep-wake pattern, leading to different forms of circadian misalignment that may increase the risk of cardiovascular and mental health disorders. Several GWAS have identified genes associated with sleep and circadian phenotypes, however, little is known regarding the epigenetic basis and significance of sleep timing and its regularity in adolescence. Methods We analyzed data from 230 adolescents from the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up study who provided a blood sample for DNA extraction and had complete at-home 7-night (at least 3) actigraphy (ACT) data. ACT-measured sleep midpoint was calculated as the intra-individual mean of the 7-night midpoint (zeroed to midnight) of the sleep period. ACT-measured sleep regularity was calculated as the intra-individual standard deviation of the 7-night sleep midpoint. Epigenome-wide single nucleotide resolution of DNA methylation in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and surrounding regions were obtained from peripheral leukocytes. This study focuses on methylation sites in GWAS-informed genes previously associated with sleep and circadian phenotypes. Linear regression assessed the association between sleep midpoint and sleep regularity with site-specific methylation levels, adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and psychotropic medication use. Using the Benjamini & Hochberg method to adjust for a false discovery rate. Adjusted p-values are reported as q-values. Results Sleep midpoint was not associated with a significant change in methylation at any of the measured intragenic sites. Sleep regularity was significantly associated with differential methylation at 238 intragenic sites in 147 genes with an adjusted p<0.05, of which, three sites were within GWAS-informed sleep/circadian-related genes. Higher sleep irregularity was associated with hypermethylation in MAD1L1 (q=2.4x10-2) and with hypomethylation in CALN1 (q=3.8 x 10-4) and ZNF618 (q=3.8 x 10-2). Conclusion Sleep irregularity is associated with altered DNA methylation in genes previously identified in GWAS of sleep/circadian phenotypes. Our data provides evidence for a potential epigenetic link between sleep irregularity and genes involved in neurocognitive functioning (CALN1), internalizing disorders (MAD1L1) and blood pressure (ZNF618). Support (If Any) National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01MH118308, UL1TR000127)
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Zhang, Rui, Peter Manza, Dardo Tomasi, Ehsan Shokri-Kojori, Sukru Demiral, Gene-Jack Wang, and Nora Volkow. "0693 Rest-activity rhythm in Methadone and Buprenorphine-maintained patients." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A304—A305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0693.
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Abstract Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with a high overdose death rate. In OUD, sleep and circadian disruptions are highly prevalent, interfere with retention in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and increase relapse. Growing evidence suggests a link between sleep/circadian disruptions and dopaminergic (DA) signaling which accounts for addictive properties of drugs of abuse. The current study investigated rest-activity rhythm in Methadone and Buprenorphine-maintained patients and how it relates to DA changes in patients. Methods To access rest-activity rhythm, twenty-five OUD patients (9 Females; age 44.34±11.97; 60% White, 32% Black; 18 Methadone; 7 Buprenorphine) and thirty-four age, sex, race and BMI-matched healthy controls wore wrist accelerometers for one-week and completed questionnaires for sleep and chronotype. Among OUD patients, sixteen of them completed [11C]NNC112 and [11C]raclopride PET scans for the assessments of D1R and D2R availability, respectively. Negative mood was accessed as secondary outcomes. Results Our preliminary data showed that compared to healthy participants, OUD patients undergoing OMT reported greater sleep problems and showed greater sleep irregularity measured by actigraphy, but no differences in other parameters such as sleep duration, rhythm timing or physical activity. Among patients, greater eveningness and irregularity were associated with higher level of negative mood including depression and anxiety. There is a tendency of a positive correlation between later phase and greater D1 receptor availability and a negative association between sleep irregularity and D2 receptor availability. Conclusion Our finding suggests that a link between altered rest-activity rhythm and DA signaling in OUD patients. Circadian/sleep interventions that regulate rest-activity rhythm might benefit mood improvement and promote OUD recovery by normalizing DA transmission. Support (if any)
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Rowell, Janice E., Robert G. White, and William E. Hauer. "Progesterone during the breeding season and pregnancy in female muskoxen on different dietary regimens." Rangifer 17, no. 3 (February 1, 1997): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.17.3.1363.
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Previously, we documented lowered calving success in captive muskoxen raised for 6 years on a low nutritional plane. In an effort to identify causes of lowered calf production, we looked at serum progesterone during the breeding season in muskoxen raised on either a high (HP) or low (LP) nutritional plane. Complete cessation of estrous cycli-city in 2 parous cows was the only irregularity identified. Abortion and/or embryonic loss occurred in both HP and LP cows. We also compared progesterone during pregnancy between the 2 nutritional planes and lactating and non-lacta-ting cows. The timing of the rise and fall of the mid-pregnant progesterone peak was consistent with stage of gestation and apparently independent of time of breeding, diet or lactational status.
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Varbanets, R., D. Minchev, Y. Kucherenko, and V. Zalozh. "REAL-TIME PARAMETRIC DIAGNOSTICS OF MARINE DIESEL ENGINES." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 1 (September 2, 2024): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2024.1.09.
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Using modern high-performance microcontrollers with wireless interfaces, built-in ADC and low overall consumption, it is possible to develop a portable real-time parametric diagnostic system for marine engines. The system is based on the use of modern Android/iOS gadgets that receive information from sensors via Bluetooth and then make the necessary calculations and display charts and data in real time. The system being developed uses a combination of a gas pressure sensor in the working cylinder and a vibroacoustic sensor, which expands the diagnostic capabilities of marine diesel engines under operating conditions. This solution makes it possible to diagnose the fuel injection system, the valves control mechanism, as well as some other engine systems. In order to develop a portable diagnostic system for marine diesel engines, it is first necessary to solve the problem of analytically determining TDC, since such a system does not involve the use of special sensors for this. Parameters of irregular engine operation are considered, which can be calculated in real time using time diagrams of pressure and vibration. Methods for expressly assessing the stability of the functioning of the main engine systems by monitoring and analyzing a number of successive operating cycles are considered. To assess the unevenness of engine operation, a dispersion estimate of deviations of the main parameters is used. For a comprehensive assessment of engine stability in real time, the CII (cycle’s irregularity index) criterion is proposed. The assessment of fuel injection irregularity in the engine cylinder can be carried out by analyzing the phase fronts of the vibration signal of the injector. Coefficients for assessing the irregularity of fuel injection and gas distribution valves timing are also proposed, using dispersion analysis of vibrograms fronts. The data processing methods proposed in the article will make it possible to analyze the stability of operating cycles, as well as to perform optimal tuning of engine systems and monitor the results during operation.
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Kim, Baek-Min, and Soon-Il An. "Understanding ENSO Regime Behavior upon an Increase in the Warm-Pool Temperature Using a Simple ENSO Model." Journal of Climate 24, no. 5 (March 1, 2011): 1438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3635.1.
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Abstract The regime behavior of the low-order El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model, according to an increase in the radiative–convective equilibrium sea surface temperature (SST; Tr), is studied to provide a possible explanation for the observed increase in ENSO irregularity characterized by decadal modulation. During recent decades, a clear increasing trend of the warm-pool SST has been observed. In this study, the increase in the warm-pool maximum SST is interpreted as an increase in Tr following previous studies. A bifurcation analysis with Tr as a control parameter is conducted to reveal that the degree of ENSO irregularity in the model is effectively controlled by the equilibrium states of the model. At a critical value of Tr, bifurcation analysis reveals that period-doubling bifurcation occurs and an amplitude-modulated ENSO emerges. At this point, a subcycle appears within the preexisting ENSO cycle, which initiates decadal modulation of ENSO. As Tr increases further, nested oscillations are successively generated, illustrating clear decadal modulation of ENSO. The qualitative regime changes revealed in this study are supported by the observation of regime shifts in the 1970s. With increasing Tr, the mean zonal SST gradient increases, and the model adjusts toward a “La Niña–like” mean state. Further constraint with shoaling of the mean thermocline depth and increasing stratification causes ENSO to exhibit stronger amplitude modulation. Furthermore, the timing of the period-doubling bifurcation advances with these two effects.
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Schmidt, Peter J., Jamie A. Luff, Nazli A. Haq, Vien H. Vanderhoof, Deloris E. Koziol, Karim A. Calis, David R. Rubinow, and Lawrence M. Nelson. "Depression in Women with Spontaneous 46, XX Primary Ovarian Insufficiency." Endocrinology 151, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 5972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.151.12.9992.
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Context: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms is observed in women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) compared with women in whom the menopause is normally timed. Indeed, studies suggest that depression and/or its pharmacological treatment contribute to the onset of POI. Objectives: We characterize the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the timing of onset of clinically significant depression relative to both the diagnosis of POI and the onset of menstrual irregularity in women with POI. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional clinic-based study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center. Patients: A total of 174 women with spontaneous 46, XX POI and 100 women with Turner syndrome participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV was performed. Results: Lifetime histories of depression in POI exceeded rates of depression reported in women with Turner syndrome and community-based samples of women (P < 0.001). The onset of depression frequently preceded the diagnosis of POI but occurred after the onset of menstrual irregularity. Analyses standardizing the periods of risk for depression showed that similar numbers of depressions occurred before and after these events. Conclusions: POI is associated with an increased lifetime risk for major depression. Attention to the presence of depression in POI should become an important part of the care for these women. The onset of depression frequently occurs after signs of altered ovarian function but before the diagnosis of POI. Thus, in some women the association between POI and depression suggests an overlapping pathophysiology rather than a causal relationship.
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Schmidt, Peter J., Jamie A. Luff, Nazli A. Haq, Vien H. Vanderhoof, Deloris E. Koziol, Karim A. Calis, David R. Rubinow, and Lawrence M. Nelson. "Depression in Women with Spontaneous 46, XX Primary Ovarian Insufficiency." Endocrine Reviews 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 944–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.31.6.9990.
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Context A high prevalence of depressive symptoms is observed in women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) compared with women in whom the menopause is normally timed. Indeed, studies suggest that depression and/or its pharmacological treatment contribute to the onset of POI. Objectives We characterize the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the timing of onset of clinically significant depression relative to both the diagnosis of POI and the onset of menstrual irregularity in women with POI. Design and Setting We conducted a cross-sectional clinic-based study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center. Patients A total of 174 women with spontaneous 46, XX POI and 100 women with Turner syndrome participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV was performed. Results Lifetime histories of depression in POI exceeded rates of depression reported in women with Turner syndrome and community-based samples of women (P < 0.001). The onset of depression frequently preceded the diagnosis of POI but occurred after the onset of menstrual irregularity. Analyses standardizing the periods of risk for depression showed that similar numbers of depressions occurred before and after these events. Conclusions POI is associated with an increased lifetime risk for major depression. Attention to the presence of depression in POI should become an important part of the care for these women. The onset of depression frequently occurs after signs of altered ovarian function but before the diagnosis of POI. Thus, in some women the association between POI and depression suggests an overlapping pathophysiology rather than a causal relationship.
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Minchev, Dmytro S., Roman A. Varbanets, Nadiya I. Alexandrovskaya, and Ludmila V. Pisintsaly. "Marine diesel engines operating cycle simulation for diagnostics issues." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0435.
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The ongoing monitoring of marine diesel engines helps to detect the deviations of its parameters early and prevent major failures. But the experimental diagnostics data are generally limited, so frequently, it isn’t possible to get all the necessary information to make a clear decision. The mathematical simulation could be used to clarify the experimental data and to provide a deeper understanding of engine conditions. In this paper, the MAN 6L80MCE marine diesel engine of “Father S” bulk carrier diagnostics issues are considered. The diagnostics data were collected with DEPAS Handy equipment and present the information about indicated processes by every engine cylinder. The on-line resource Blitz-PRO was used for the simulation of the engine operation and helped to prove that the variation in exhaust valve’s closing timing is responsible for the observed compression pressure difference, while the irregularity in fuel injection causes the considerable difference in the maximum pressure.
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Lohmann, Johannes, and Peter D. Ditlevsen. "Random and externally controlled occurrences of Dansgaard–Oeschger events." Climate of the Past 14, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-609-2018.
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Abstract. Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events constitute the most pronounced mode of centennial to millennial climate variability of the last glacial period. Since their discovery, many decades of research have been devoted to understand the origin and nature of these rapid climate shifts. In recent years, a number of studies have appeared that report emergence of DO-type variability in fully coupled general circulation models via different mechanisms. These mechanisms result in the occurrence of DO events at varying degrees of regularity, ranging from periodic to random. When examining the full sequence of DO events as captured in the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core record, one can observe high irregularity in the timing of individual events at any stage within the last glacial period. In addition to the prevailing irregularity, certain properties of the DO event sequence, such as the average event frequency or the relative distribution of cold versus warm periods, appear to be changing throughout the glacial. By using statistical hypothesis tests on simple event models, we investigate whether the observed event sequence may have been generated by stationary random processes or rather was strongly modulated by external factors. We find that the sequence of DO warming events is consistent with a stationary random process, whereas dividing the event sequence into warming and cooling events leads to inconsistency with two independent event processes. As we include external forcing, we find a particularly good fit to the observed DO sequence in a model where the average residence time in warm periods are controlled by global ice volume and cold periods by boreal summer insolation.
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Nikbakhtian, Shahram, Angus B. Reed, Bernard Dillon Obika, Davide Morelli, Adam C. Cunningham, Mert Aral, and David Plans. "Accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study." European Heart Journal - Digital Health 2, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjdh/ztab088.
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Abstract Aims Growing evidence suggests that poor sleep health is associated with cardiovascular risk. However, research in this area often relies upon recollection dependent questionnaires or diaries. Accelerometers provide an alternative tool for measuring sleep parameters objectively. This study examines the association between wrist-worn accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and results We derived sleep onset and waking up time from accelerometer data collected from 103 712 UK Biobank participants over a period of 7 days. From this, we examined the association between sleep onset timing and CVD incidence using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 3172 cases of CVD were reported during a mean follow-up period of 5.7 (±0.49) years. An age- and sex-controlled base analysis found that sleep onset time of 10:00 p.m.–10:59 p.m. was associated with the lowest CVD incidence. An additional model, controlling for sleep duration, sleep irregularity, and established CVD risk factors, did not attenuate this association, producing hazard ratios of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.39; P < 0.005), 1.12 (1.01–1.25; P = 0.04), and 1.25 (1.02–1.52; P = 0.03) for sleep onset <10:00 p.m., 11:00 p.m.–11:59 p.m., and ≥12:00 a.m., respectively, compared to 10:00 p.m.–10:59 p.m. Importantly, sensitivity analyses revealed this association with increased CVD risk was stronger in females, with only sleep onset <10:00 p.m. significant for males. Conclusions Our findings suggest the possibility of a relationship between sleep onset timing and risk of developing CVD, particularly for women. We also demonstrate the potential utility of collecting information about sleep parameters via accelerometry-capable wearable devices, which may serve as novel cardiovascular risk indicators.
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Parveen, Tasrina, Monisha Nath, Maitri Chakraborty, and Nirban Roy. "QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PEPTIC ULCER PATIENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13037.
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New generation, which has been brought up in a world where geographical boundaries are no constraintis ready to try new recipes from across the world. The trend is catching up with the older generation also. But all such foods are not safe and can cause PUD. Various studies have shown detrimental effects of such so called junk foods on health of young adult males. Nowadays junk food has become the main attraction for the young generation as it also comes to western culture. The boys specially, who spend most of their time outside of their home, mainly eats unhygienic junk foods. For that reason, the attraction towards junk food increases and causes abnormalities to their digestion system, which ends in severe stages like ulcer. Most of the young people like to consume spicy and fatty foods, as spicy foods always look more colorful and more tasty than healthy foods which also causes extra attention to these foods. But they ignore the facts that spicy foods cause gas and acid formation and is very dangerous for health. Most of the young people are either engaged with study or engaged with jobs, and in both cases, they need to stay out of the house for maximum time which brings irregularity to their meal timing. The young adulthood is also sensitive because, at this age most people suffer from emotional stress which brings irregularity in sleeping, eating etc. These things affect their mental and physical health very badly as they can start smoking, drinking alcohol and can this lead to severe disorders like Gastrointestinal disorders, or ulcers. etc. Sometimes people take drugs as pain killers which can cause other severe disorders(ulcer). Therefore, this study is a reflection of the life style related issues which becomes the major factors of causing ulcer like severities.
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Linnaranta, Outi, Clément Bourguignon, Olivia Crescenzi, Duncan Sibthorpe, Asli Buyukkurt, Howard Steiger, and Kai-Florian Storch. "Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 9 (March 25, 2020): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa012.
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Abstract Background Sleep problems are common in eating disorders (EDs). Purpose We evaluated whether sleep-phasing regularity associates with the regularity of daily eating events. Methods ED patients (n = 29) completed hourly charts of mood and eating occasions for 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously by wrist actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, and sleep was calculated based on periods of inactivity. We computed the center of daily inactivity (CenDI) as a measure of sleep phasing and consolidation of the daily inactivity (ConDI) as a measure of daily sleep rhythm strength. We assessed interday irregularities in the temporal structure of food intake using the standard deviation (SD) of frequency (IFRQ), timing (ITIM), and interval (IINT) of food intake. A self-evaluation of other characteristics included mood, anxiety, and early trauma. Results A later phasing of sleep associated with a lower frequency of eating (eating frequency with the CenDI rho = −0.49, p = .007). The phasing and rhythmic strength of sleep correlated with the degree of eating irregularity (CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.48, p = .008 and with IINT rho = 0.56, p = .002; SD of CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.47, p = .010, and SD of ConDI with IINT rho = 0.37, p = .048). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire showed associations with variation of sleep onset (rho = −0.51, p = .005) and with IFRQ (rho = 0.43, p = .023). Conclusions Late and variable phasing of sleep associated robustly with irregular pattern of eating. Larger data sets are warranted to enable the analysis of diagnostic subgroups, current medication, and current symptomatology and to confirm the likely bidirectional association between eating pattern stability and the timing of sleep.
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Popp, Collin J., Margaret Curran, Chan Wang, Malini Prasad, Keenan Fine, Allen Gee, Nandini Nair, et al. "Temporal Eating Patterns and Eating Windows among Adults with Overweight or Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124485.
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We aim to describe temporal eating patterns in a population of adults with overweight or obesity. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were combined from two separate pilot studies during which participants entered the timing of all eating occasions (>0 kcals) for 10–14 days. Data were aggregated to determine total eating occasions, local time of the first and last eating occasions, eating window, eating midpoint, and within-person variability of eating patterns. Eating patterns were compared between sexes, as well as between weekday and weekends. Participants (n = 85) had a median age of 56 ± 19 years, were mostly female (>70%), white (56.5%), and had a BMI of 31.8 ± 8.0 kg/m2. The median eating window was 14 h 04 min [12 h 57 min–15 h 21 min], which was significantly shorter on the weekend compared to weekdays (p < 0.0001). Only 13.1% of participants had an eating window <12 h/d. Additionally, there was greater irregularity with the first eating occasion during the week when compared to the weekend (p = 0.0002). In conclusion, adults with overweight or obesity have prolonged eating windows (>14 h/d). Future trials should examine the contribution of a prolonged eating window on adiposity independent of energy intake.
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Schwedhelm, Carolina, Leah M. Lipsky, Chelsie D. Temmen, and Tonja R. Nansel. "Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061167.
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This study investigates the relationship between meal-specific eating patterns during pregnancy and postpartum with maternal diet quality and energy intake. Participants in a prospective cohort study completed 24-h dietary recalls three times throughout both pregnancy and 1 year postpartum (n = 420). Linear regressions estimated the associations of eating frequency (number of daily main meals and eating occasions), meal and energy regularity (meal skipping and variation of daily energy intake), and intake timing patterns (distribution of energy intake throughout the day, derived using principal component analysis) with daily energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated daily and overall, across both pregnancy and postpartum). Eating frequency was positively associated with energy intake and daily diet quality. Irregular meals were associated with lower energy intake in pregnancy but not postpartum and with lower pregnancy and postpartum diet quality. Energy irregularity was not associated with energy intake or diet quality. Higher postpartum diet quality was associated with a morning energy intake pattern (versus late morning/early afternoon or evening). Differences in these associations between pregnancy and postpartum suggest that efforts to support optimal energy intake and diet quality by modifying eating patterns may require specific strategies for pregnancy and postpartum.
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Hong, Gi-Woong, Hyewon Hu, Kathleen Chang, Youngjin Park, Kar Wai Alvin Lee, Lisa Kwin Wah Chan, and Kyu-Ho Yi. "Review of the Adverse Effects Associated with Dermal Filler Treatments: Part I Nodules, Granuloma, and Migration." Diagnostics 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2024): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151640.
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The increase in the use of filler treatments within minimally invasive cosmetic surgery has correspondingly escalated the variety and frequency of associated side effects. Initially, unregulated procedures led to primary side effects such as infections, foreign body reactions, and granuloma formation. However, severe vascular complications like skin and tissue necrosis and blindness have emerged as recognized risks. Side effects from filler treatments can range from mild to life-threatening, including edema, pain, tenderness, numbness, bleeding, bruising, hematoma, redness, erythema, pigmentation, allergic reactions, itching, pruritus, the Tyndall effect, asymmetry, irregularity, migration, skin and soft tissue infections, nodules, granulomas, and vascular compromise. These side effects are categorized into early and delayed types. Many complications, particularly those related to vascular abnormalities, are frequently linked to procedural issues, emphasizing the importance of understanding filler properties, injection techniques, and facial anatomy. Preventing side effects is ideal, but early detection and treatment are crucial. Recognizing potential side effects based on their timing and understanding appropriate preemptive treatment methods is essential. This discussion addresses non-vascular side effects, highlighting their onset, symptoms, and management strategies. The comprehensive understanding and careful management of these side effects are vital for minimizing complications and ensuring patient safety in filler treatments.
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Shabbeer, Shaik, and Edara Srinivasa Reddy. "Prediction of Sudden Health Crises Owing to Congestive Heart Failure with Deep Learning Models." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.350108.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has its roots in every area in the present scenario. Healthcare is one of the markets in which AI has greatly grown in recent years. The tremendous increase in health data generation and the substantial evolution of the robust data analysis tools have contributed to AI improvement in health care and research, leading to increased service efficiency. Health reporting is stored as Electronic Health Records (EHR), providing information on the patients sought temporarily. EHR data have different issues, such as heterogeneity, missing values, distortion, noise, time, etc. This study reflects the irregularity of appointment that refers to the irregular timing of the operations (patient visits). Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a grave clinical disorder caused by an insufficient blood supply in the bloodstream owing to a heart muscle dysfunction. Most people suffer from CHF which result in death or immediate recognition. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model was used to treat visit stage abnormalities. The studies on the Medical Knowledge Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) dataset and the findings obtained indicate that the lack of a visit stage affects the estimation of the clinical outcome. It has been demonstrated that the readmission and reduction of the prediction model for mortality conditions is beneficial. Compared with baseline models, the proposed model is successful.
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Lin, Shiang-Yi, and Kevin Kien Hoa Chung. "Chronotype and trait self-control as unique predictors of sleep quality in Chinese adults: The mediating effects of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): e0266874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266874.
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This study examined the distinctive roles of chronotype and trait self-control in predicting sleep quality and the mediation of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use of the relations between chronotype, trait self-control and sleep quality. Self-report questionnaire measuring chronotype, trait self-control, sleep hygiene behaviors, bedtime media use and sleep quality was administered to 224 Chinese adult participants (83.5% female). A multiple mediation model was estimated with sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use as parallel mediators of the relations between chronotype, trait self-control, and sleep quality. Chronotype and trait self-control positively predicted sleep quality. Results of mediation analyses indicated that trait self-control predicted sleep quality both directly and indirectly through pre-sleep stress management and keeping a restful sleep environment, whereas chronotype predicted sleep quality indirectly through pre-sleep stress management and bedtime media use. This study provides evidence for the possible mechanism through which eveningness and low trait self-control undermine sleep quality: Whereas bedtime media use and sleep timing irregularity are linked to poor sleep quality in evening types, environmental interference (e.g., noise or disorganization) appears to be more relevant to poor sleep quality in individuals low in self-control. These findings can inform the design of personalized sleep hygiene recommendations appropriate for the target population. Practical implications regarding sleep hygiene education and interventions are discussed.
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Коновалова, Галина, and Galina Konovalova. "Computer support for optimum decisionmaking in engineering plant control based on OLAP methodology." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17150.
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The present day at engineering plants occurs the following problem: an inadequacy of management decisions made to the required state of manufacturing causing high production costs, higher length of the production cycle and irregularity in timing of orders. To solve this problem the author of this work has developed a methodology for the management of differ-ent and dynamic production based on a system approach. The main way for the realization of the system approach lies through the formation of an adequate integrated information system of an engineering plant control. With the aid of the integrated information using the OLAP methodology the procedure of all pro-duction processes is tracked and a complex multidimensional analysis of data is carried out, dynamics, trends, regularities and new knowledge are defined. The OLAP methodology gives convenient highspeed means of access, review and analysis of business information. A user obtains a natural, comprehensible, multi-dimensional data model organizing them as multidimensional cubes. The system multidimensional data analysis and optimum decisionmaking are ensured with a computer. The system developed for the support of management decisionmaking embraces various kinds of activities, planning periods and management profiles. The technical solutions offered are introduced into Bryansk Engineering Plant Co. and have a universal character and can be applied at all engineering plants of the country.
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Barik, Shreya, Abhishek Malakar, Ritu Khatuja, and Pinky S. K. Sahoo. "Knowledge and awareness of emergency contraception among women undergoing medical termination of pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital in Andaman and Nicobar Islands." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194364.
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Background: Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and cost effective measure, which when used judiciously can avoid unintended pregnancies. This is especially relevant in our country where both population control and unsafe abortions are a serious concern. For any contraceptive to be effective, the general population must have a proper knowledge and a positive attitude towards it. Women who come for medical termination of unwanted pregnancy are the best representatives of this and our study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of EC in this group.Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted using a predesigned questionnaire among 100 women who came for medical termination of pregnancy at G. B. Pant Hospital, Port Blair. Questions were asked to evaluate their awareness, knowledge and attitude towards EC.Results: Out of 100 women, only 26 % had heard about EC, mostly from mass media, and seven of these 26 women had correct knowledge of timing of using EC. Four women had used EC before, whereas among others, fear of menstrual irregularity was the major deterrent. A significant association was found between education level and occupation with knowledge of EC.Conclusions: Although EC is a potent tool to avoid unwanted pregnancies, ignorance and misconceptions regarding EC is unfortunately still prevalent among those who would benefit the most from it. Medical personnel and health workers should be more proactive to propagate benefits of EC and encourage its use, as they are usually the first point of contact to the target population.
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Carreon, Chrystalle Katte, Eduardo D. Ruchelli, Christina Mihok, and Dale S. Huff. "Cystic Crypt Changes in Midgestational Human Vermiform Appendix: An Unrecognized Transient Histologic Feature." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 22, no. 6 (May 24, 2019): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526619853180.
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Introduction Lewis and Huff briefly described the presence of “microcystic cryptitis” in some of fetal vermiform appendices (VA) at autopsy. We further characterized these crypt changes (CC), their timing of occurrence, and tested their association with infection/inflammatory conditions. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 345 VA were evaluated for the presence or absence of CC and their different morphologies. Autopsy reports were reviewed for evidence of amniotic fluid or fetal systemic infection and placental inflammatory conditions. Results Crypt dilatation with or without irregularity of the lumen, crypt dilatation with semiattenuated epithelium, intraluminal apoptotic debris and inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and foci of swirled spindled cells with calcifications or multinucleated giant cells were observed, either alone or in combination, in at least 58.5% (202/345) of the VA. CC began to appear at 17 weeks, peaked at 20 to 25 weeks (with up to 82% of VA exhibiting CC during this time), and followed by a steady decline beyond 28 weeks gestation. χ2 test of independence showed no significant association ( P = .435; >0.05) between the presence and absence of CC and infection status of the fetus or placenta. Conclusion The underrecognized CC of the developing fetal vermiform appendix (VA) showed distinct temporal pattern of occurrence and did not seem to be affected by the presence or absence of infection, which so far favored their being a part of the normal gut developmental process.
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GOULIELMOS, ALEXANDER M., and EFTICHIA SIROPOULOU. "DETERMINING THE DURATION OF CYCLES IN THE MARKET OF SECOND-HAND TANKER SHIPS, 1976–2001: IS PREDICTION POSSIBLE?" International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 07 (July 2006): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406015969.
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In this paper we have calculated the duration of cycles manifested in the prices of second-hand tanker ships, using the method of Rescale Range (R/S) Analysis. We have considered a time series of 312 monthly data, taken between the years 1976–2001, and combined R/S with a study of its V-statistic, Power Spectrum Analysis and Sharpe Ratio. Our ultimate goal is to be able to help decision-makers use this analysis in order to buy or sell a ship at the "best timing". As the sale and purchase ship market exhibits a strongly deterministic cyclical behavior with a high degree of "irregularity" (or "volatility"), we expect the techniques of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory to be appropriate to be applied to its dynamics. We have found evidence for the existence of two cycles of tanker ship prices, of duration 4 and 8 years respectively, in the years 1976–2001, in agreement with what is expected from the theoretical analysis of freight market cycles. We have shown that our time series is not a random walk process and have used software prediction methods to demonstrate that short term forecasting of second-hand tanker prices may indeed be possible. These results are, of course, preliminary since a lot more data is needed to test their forecasting validity and hence should only be regarded as a start in this interesting area of research.
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Dehqan, A., G. Ali Dashti, and M. Mirzadeh. "Phonatory Vocal Tract Stability in Stuttering Children before and after Fluency–Enhancing Therapy." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (June 5, 2012): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6240.
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Background Stuttering is a complex disorder. Essentially, it is a neuromuscular disorder whose core consists of tiny lags and disruptions in the timing of the complicated movements required for speech. Objective The purpose of the current study was to collec and comparg jitters and shimmer values in children who stutter before and aftea fluency – enhancing therapy. Methods Subjects consisted of 15 Iranian preschool girls with stutterg, and 15 Iranial preschool girls without afflictions, matched according to age. Vocal jittering and shimmer measurements of thesphonation of the children were compared before and after therapy. Each subject phonated vowels nine times in a random order. Each phonation was sustained for at least five seconds and was recorded. The middle three-second portion of each recorded vowel phonation was subjected to jitter and shimmer analysis. Results On shimmer measures between pre-treatment and post treatment, significant differences were found in all sustained vowels of persons who stutter group and means of shimmer in post therapy were significantly lowerthan pre-treatment. Differences in jitter measurements were not significant between pre-treatment and post-treatment statuses and this parameter did not change after therapy. Conclusion The findings showed that therapy resulted in decreaseg irregularity in the amplitude of vibrations (shimmer). In other words, the therapy increases the steady-state of the laryngeal system. Moreover, this parameter may be used as an index for the effectiveness of therapy. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6240 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):405-9
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Siddiqui, Rabia Parveen, Varsha Pandey, Sonal Chandrakar, and Vanita Bhaskar. "The range of endometrial pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care center in central India." MGM Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 2024): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_240_24.
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Abstract Background: Endometrial disorders are among the most common gynecological conditions globally. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any irregularity in the timing, volume, or pattern of menstrual blood flow. This study investigates the histopathological spectrum of endometrial changes across various age groups in patients presenting with AUB as their primary symptom. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 226 endometrial biopsies/specimens collected over two years from patients with AUB as the main complaint. These specimens were processed, and slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were examined to determine the endometrial patterns. A chi-square test assessed the relationship between age and specific endometrial pathologies. Observations and Results: Most of the 226 cases were from perimenopausal women (40–49 years), representing 57% of the total, with proliferative endometrium being the most common pattern (40.9%). About 20% of the cases were in the reproductive age group (<40 years), where typical hyperplasia was the most prevalent pattern (45.7%). Additionally, 23% of the cases involved postmenopausal women (>49 years), with endometrioid carcinoma being the most frequent pattern observed. Other endometrial patterns included disordered proliferative endometrium, endometritis, endometrial polyps, Arias–Stella reaction, and progesterone effects. Conclusion: Patients with AUB present with a wide range of endometrial patterns, from normal cyclic endometrium to malignancies. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing AUB, showing a significant association between endometrial lesions and age.
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Niculescu, Julia A., John W. King, and Steven J. Lindauer. "Skeletal and dental effects of tooth-borne versus hybrid devices for mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 1 (June 20, 2013): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022213-154.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare, retrospectively, the skeletal and dental effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) achieved through the use of tooth-borne versus hybrid distractors. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment (T1), predistraction (T2), postdistraction (T3), and posttreatment (T4) orthodontic records were collected and analyzed for 47 patients (20 tooth-borne, 27 hybrid). At each time point, records included intraoral photographs, study models, postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs, and lateral cephalometric radiographs. Submental vertex radiographs were taken at T2, T3, and T4. Changes in a total of 18 measurements were analyzed to compare patients undergoing tooth-borne versus hybrid distraction. Results: The cumulative effects of orthodontics and MSDO produced similar gains in measured arch widths, with a decreased irregularity index in both groups (P > .05). However, there were differences in the timing during which the expansion was achieved. The hybrid distractor group gained space during the distraction phase of treatment. The tooth-borne group showed greater gains during pre- and postdistraction orthodontics. Comparisons of intercanine and interbone marker widths demonstrated a more parallel separation of bone during distraction with the hybrid distractor (P < .001). Distraction with the tooth-borne distractor was disproportionate, with greater separation of the canines in alveolar bone than of the bone markers in basal bone. During postdistraction orthodontics, the tooth-borne distractor group showed statistically greater increases in measurements. Conclusion: Both skeletal and dental expansion was achieved with both appliances. Greater skeletal expansion was achieved with a hybrid distractor. Greater dental expansion was achieved with a tooth-borne distractor.
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Woo, Jihun, H. Matthew Lehrer, Doonya Tabibi, Lauren Cebulske, Hirofumi Tanaka, and Mary Steinhardt. "The Association of Multidimensional Sleep Health With HbA1c and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes." Psychosomatic Medicine 86, no. 4 (May 2024): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000001298.
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Objective Sleep is important for diabetes-related health outcomes. Using a multidimensional sleep health framework, we examined the association of individual sleep health dimensions and a composite sleep health score with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and depressive symptoms among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods Participants (N = 257; mean age = 62.5 years) were recruited through local churches. Wrist-worn actigraphy and sleep questionnaire data assessed multidimensional sleep health using the RuSATED framework (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, duration). Individual sleep dimensions were dichotomized into poor or good sleep health and summed into a composite score. HbA1c was assessed using the DCA Vantage™ Analyzer or A1CNow® Self Check. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Regression models examined the association of individual sleep dimensions and composite sleep health with HbA1c and depressive symptoms. Results Higher composite sleep health scores were associated with a lower likelihood of having greater than minimal depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.578, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.461–0.725). Several individual sleep dimensions, including irregularity (OR = 1.013, CI = 1.005–1.021), poor satisfaction (OR = 3.130, CI = 2.095–4.678), and lower alertness (OR = 1.866, CI = 1.230–2.833) were associated with a greater likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Neither composite sleep health scores nor individual sleep dimensions were associated with HbA1c. Conclusions Better multidimensional sleep health is associated with lower depressive symptoms among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the causal association between multidimensional sleep health and depressive symptoms in this population. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04282395.
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Pucci, Giacomo, Andrea Grillo, Kalliopi V. Dalakleidi, Emil Fraenkel, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi, Spyretta Golemati, Andrea Guala, et al. "Atrial Fibrillation and Early Vascular Aging: Clinical Implications, Methodology Issues and Open Questions—A Review from the VascAgeNet COST Action." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2024): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051207.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is associated with adverse CV outcomes. Vascular aging (VA), which is defined as the progressive deterioration of arterial function and structure over a lifetime, is an independent predictor of both AF development and CV events. A timing identification and treatment of early VA has therefore the potential to reduce the risk of AF incidence and related CV events. A network of scientists and clinicians from the COST Action VascAgeNet identified five clinically and methodologically relevant questions regarding the relationship between AF and VA and conducted a narrative review of the literature to find potential answers. These are: (1) Are VA biomarkers associated with AF? (2) Does early VA predict AF occurrence better than chronological aging? (3) Is early VA a risk enhancer for the occurrence of CV events in AF patients? (4) Are devices measuring VA suitable to perform subclinical AF detection? (5) Does atrial-fibrillation-related rhythm irregularity have a negative impact on the measurement of vascular age? Results showed that VA is a powerful and independent predictor of AF incidence, however, its role as risk modifier for the occurrence of CV events in patients with AF is debatable. Limited and inconclusive data exist regarding the reliability of VA measurement in the presence of rhythm irregularities associated with AF. To date, no device is equipped with tools capable of detecting AF during VA measurements. This represents a missed opportunity to effectively perform CV prevention in people at high risk. Further advances are needed to fill knowledge gaps in this field.
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Gatford, Kathryn L., Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Lili Huang, Pamela Su-Lin Sim, Claire T. Roberts, Johannes D. Velhuis, and Chen Chen. "Rising maternal circulating GH during murine pregnancy suggests placental regulation." Endocrine Connections 6, no. 4 (May 2017): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0032.
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Placenta-derived hormones including growth hormone (GH) in humans contribute to maternal adaptation to pregnancy, and intermittent maternal GH administration increases foetal growth in several species. Both patterns and abundance of circulating GH are important for its activity, but their changes during pregnancy have only been reported in humans and rats. The aim of the present study was to characterise circulating profiles and secretory characteristics of GH in non-pregnant female mice and throughout murine pregnancy. Circulating GH concentrations were measured in whole blood (2 μL) collected every 10 min for 6 h in non-pregnant diestrus female C57Bl/6J mice (n = 9), and pregnant females at day 8.5–9.5 (early pregnancy, n = 8), day 12.5–13.5 (mid-pregnancy, n = 7) and day 17.5 after mating (late pregnancy, n = 7). Kinetics and secretory patterns of GH secretion were determined by deconvolution analysis, while orderliness and regularity of serial GH concentrations were calculated by approximate entropy analysis. Circulating GH was pulsatile in all groups. Mean circulating GH and total and basal GH secretion rates increased markedly from early to mid-pregnancy, and then remained elevated. Pulse frequency and pulsatile GH secretion rate were similar between groups. The irregularity of GH pulses was higher in all pregnant groups than that in non-pregnant mice. Increased circulating GH in murine pregnancy is consistent with an important role for this hormone in maternal adaptation to pregnancy and placental development. The timing of increased basal secretion from mid-pregnancy, concurrent with the formation of the chorioallantoic placenta and initiation of maternal blood flow through it, suggests regulation of pituitary secretion by placenta-derived factors.
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Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Himanshu Gupta, Andrea Morotti, Simon Beshara, Tushar Patil, Saeed Al-Zahrani, Georgios Tsivgoulis, et al. "Increased Prognostic Yield by Combined Assessment of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Markers of Antithrombotic-Related Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061596.
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Background and aims: The utility of proposed non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers for the prediction of hematoma expansion in patients with antithrombotic-related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is limited. Additionally, there is significant overlap between different suggested ICH shape and density markers. Methods: We assessed the prognostic yield for hematoma expansion of a combined score incorporating features of ICH shape irregularity (satellite sign and/or Barras score ≥ 3), heterogeneous ICH density (swirl sign and/or Barras score ≥ 3) on baseline NCCT and timing from ICH onset to NCCT. Results: We evaluated data from 79 patients with antithrombotic-related spontaneous ICH (32% with hematoma expansion). Swirl (84% vs. 39%) and satellite signs (20% vs. 7%) on baseline NCCT were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.001) in patients with hematoma expansion. Patients with hematoma expansion had more irregular and heterogeneous bleeds on baseline NCCT scans, as quantified by higher (p < 0.001) Barras shape (4 (4–5) vs. 3 (2–4)) and density scores (4 (3–5) vs. 2 (1–3)), respectively. The overall diagnostic yield of the combined score (area under the curve: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.78–0.94) significantly outperformed (p < 0.001) the diagnostic yield of each individual marker. Scores of 4 or 5 in the combined score were associated with a sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 90.7%, overall diagnostic accuracy of 81.0%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 6.48, negative LR of 0.44, positive predictive value (PV) of 0.76 and negative PV of 0.83. Conclusion: Combined NCCT marker assessment seems to increase the prognostic accuracy for hematoma expansion in antithrombotic-related spontaneous ICH patients.
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Morales-Ghinaglia, Natasha, Michael Larsen, Susan Calhoun, Fan He, Jason Liao, Alexandros Vgontzas, Edward Bixler, Duanping Liao, and Julio Fernandez-Mendoza. "0219 Interplay of School Days and Free Days with Sleep Midpoint on the Association of Visceral Adiposity with Blood Pressure in Adolescents." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A99—A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.217.
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Abstract Introduction The circadian timing of sleep, including its variability, has emerged as an important contributor to obesity and cardiovascular health, such as elevated blood pressure. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period for circadian misalignment, which may express differently if youth are in school or on free-days. We examined whether deviations in sleep midpoint increase the impact of visceral adiposity on elevated blood pressure in adolescents as a function of being entrained to school or not. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up study, a random population-based sample of 303 adolescents (16.2 ± 2.2 y; 47.5% female; 21.5% minority). Actigraphy-measured sleep midpoint was calculated as the midpoint (zeroed to midnight) of the sleep period for weekdays (5-nights) and weekends (2-nights). Actigraphy-measured sleep regularity was calculated as the intra-individual standard deviation of the 5-night weekdays sleep midpoint. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was measured three times in the seated position. Multivariable linear regression models were stratified by “in school” and “on break” to test sleep midpoint and sleep regularity as effect modifiers of VAT on SBP/DBP levels. Analyses were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, actigraphy-measured sleep duration and polysomnography-measured apnea/hypopnea index. Results When participants were studied while “in school”, significant interactions were found between VAT and weekdays sleep midpoint on SBP (p-interaction=0.027) and DBP (p-interaction=0.046), so that the later the sleep midpoint on school days, the greater the association of VAT with SBP/DBP. When participants were studied while “on break”, a significant interaction was found between VAT and weekdays sleep regularity on SBP (p-interaction=0.039), so that the higher the sleep irregularity on weekdays, the greater the association of VAT with SBP. No other significant interactions were found. Conclusion A delayed and an irregular sleep midpoint during school days and during breaks, respectively, best identified those adolescents with greater cardiovascular risk associated with visceral obesity. These data suggest that not only the circadian timing of sleep contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes but its distinct biomarkers require measurement under different entrainment conditions in adolescents. Support (If Any) National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, UL1TR000127)
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Ren, Diandong, and Lance M. Leslie. "Effects of Waves on Tabular Ice-Shelf Calving." Earth Interactions 18, no. 13 (July 1, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-14-0005.1.
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Abstract As a conveyor belt transferring inland ice to ocean, ice shelves shed mass through large, systematic tabular calving, which also plays a major role in the fluctuation of the buttressing forces. Tabular iceberg calving involves two stages: first is systematic cracking, which develops after the forward-slanting front reaches a limiting extension length determined by gravity–buoyancy imbalance; second is fatigue separation. The latter has greater variability, producing calving irregularity. Whereas ice flow vertical shear determines the timing of the systematic cracking, wave actions are decisive for ensuing viscoplastic fatigue. Because the frontal section has its own resonance frequency, it reverberates only to waves of similar frequency. With a flow-dependent, nonlocal attrition scheme, the present ice model [Scalable Extensible Geoflow Model for Environmental Research-Ice flow submodel (SEGMENT-Ice)] describes an entire ice-shelf life cycle. It is found that most East Antarctic ice shelves have higher resonance frequencies, and the fatigue of viscoplastic ice is significantly enhanced by shoaling waves from both storm surges and infragravity waves (~5 × 10−3 Hz). The two largest embayed ice shelves have resonance frequencies within the range of tsunami waves. When approaching critical extension lengths, perturbations from about four consecutive tsunami events can cause complete separation of tabular icebergs from shelves. For shelves with resonance frequencies matching storm surge waves, future reduction of sea ice may impose much larger deflections from shoaling, storm-generated ocean waves. Although the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) total mass varies little in the twenty-first century, the mass turnover quickens and the ice conveyor belt is ~40% more efficient by the late twenty-first century, reaching 70 km3 yr−1. The mass distribution shifts oceanward, favoring future tabular calving.
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Yuan, Tianlei. "College Students’ Level of Participation in Physical Education & Sports, Towards Enhanced Learning Program." Journal of Education and Educational Research 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2024): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/623hnt68.
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The pursuit of a comprehensive societal prosperity necessitates prioritizing public health, with physical exercise serving as a pivotal tool for both health promotion and disease prevention. Particularly, the engagement of college students in structured physical activity is critical, given their role as future leaders and influencers in society. This study, centered on Guangdong University of Science and Technology, identifies prevalent misconceptions among students regarding physical exercise and explores the underlying causes. Through literature review, questionnaires, and statistical analysis, several key findings emerge:1.Misconceptions among students include inadequate theoretical understanding, misaligned values, behaviors, and attitudes towards sports, and a preference for practical over theoretical knowledge.2.Common missteps in student exercise routines involve irregularity, improper duration and intensity, poor timing, suboptimal diet, limited medical supervision awareness, and lack of tailored exercise plans.3.The root causes encompass personal factors such as attitude, consciousness, motivation, and institutional factors including teaching methodologies and policy implementation within the university. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach:1.Individuals must cultivate a correct attitude, awareness, and motivation towards exercise, enhance their sports science knowledge, and adopt scientifically sound exercise habits.2.Educators should disseminate sports science knowledge, foster a supportive exercise culture, and collaborate with fitness apps for enhanced engagement. Reforms in teaching methods and curriculum standards are also essential.3. Families and communities should prioritize early physical education, promote health awareness, and actively engage in exercise with children, fostering a culture of health consciousness. 4.Societal interventions should include widespread dissemination of sports knowledge, regulation of fitness apps, and policy improvements to enhance public sports facilities, management, and investment. In summary, rectifying misconceptions and fostering a culture of informed physical activity among college students requires concerted efforts from individuals, educators, families, communities, and societal institutions.
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Patanita, Manuel, Alexandra Tomaz, Tiago Ramos, Patrícia Oliveira, Luís Boteta, and José Dôres. "Water Regime and Nitrogen Management to Cope with Wheat Yield Variability under the Mediterranean Conditions of Southern Portugal." Plants 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100429.
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Global climate change accentuates the seasonal and interannual irregularity of temperature and precipitation of the Mediterranean climate. The consequences of this variability on wheat production are felt on its development cycle and productivity, making the production chain of this crop vulnerable to the occurrence of years with abnormal distributions of precipitation and with extreme temperatures. Adaptation strategies like irrigation or fertilization can help to cope with the negative impacts of climate uncertainty. This study evaluated the effects of water regime and nitrogen (N) fertilization techniques on wheat production in southern Portugal based on the results of three trials conducted in two agricultural years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) with contrasting climate conditions. Phenology and yield were evaluated by comparing water regimes (R1, full irrigation; R2, supplemental irrigation at four stages: start of stem extension, booting, anthesis, grain filling; R0, rainfed (in 2017/2018)) and N fertilization splitting/timing and type (conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs): controlled-release N, stabilized with nitrification inhibitor, and stabilized with urease inhibitor). Significant effects of water regime on grain yield were obtained in 2016/2017, a year with extreme aridity and high water requirements felt from the tillering stage, in the trial with conventional fertilizers. In 2017/2018, when a beneficial seasonal rainfall distribution occurred, water regime did not influence grain yield, pointing to the feasibility of supplementary irrigation to maximize water productivity. Nitrogen fertilization influenced yield and its components, with the highest values of grain yield being obtained with conventional fertilizer. Regardless of the possible effects on grain quality, the use of EEF did not prove to have an indisputable effect on wheat yield in the conditions under which the trials were conducted. Comparison of the results in the two years accentuates the need to continue the evaluation of the influence of agronomic management in wheat production in the context of adaptation to the climatic uncertainty in Mediterranean regions.
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Miniappan, P. K., R. Krishnan, K. Swaraja, S. Gopala Krishna, and Mohammed H. Fallah. "Individual subordinate for drug reminder system for self-sufficient seniors citizens using IOT with cloud." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 07013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456407013.
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The Internet of Things is a virtual organization with network availability that permits those things to gather and share information utilizing programming, sensors and distributed computing innovation. The Internet of Things permits things to be paid attention to and controlled somewhat through existing organization framework. The Internet of Things is being taken on by different ventures, especially in the medical care area. By examining the information, this paper represents that an online-based update framework was created. It is intended to assist patients who with having neglected to take their medicine. With regards to friends and family, people generally attempt to keep them fit and sound. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario in which they neglect to take their drug and become sick therefore. In this way, numerous patients need medication at the medical care community, and it is hard to remind every patient to take medication at a specific time. Conventional technique requires a ton of human work to remind the patient to take medication. Be that as it may, in this computerized age, people are utilizing machines to play out specific undertakings. The rest of the tablet has a large number of purposes, including use by patients at home, by doctors in clinics, and in different settings. This paper gives a development pill buildup framework, which dispenses with irregularity in taking the medicine and reminds the patient to take the prescription at the endorsed time and in the recommended number of portions.In this methodology, clients change from human memory to robotized checking. Patients are encountering an expanded frequency of wellbeing related difficulties related with non-prescription drugs like nonprescription pills. particularly as the patient ages. Monitoring taking the ideal pill with impeccable timing consistently can be a difficult encounter for an old individual as it isn’t the case simple for a youngster. Patients frequently neglect to stick to their drugs since they neglect to take them, take them at some unacceptable time, or even take excessively.