Relevant bibliographies by topics / Timing impairments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Timing impairments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Timing impairments"

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Ziegler, Wolfram, Erich Hartmann, and Philip Hoole. "Syllabic Timing in Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 4 (August 1993): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.683.

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A new, intensity-based method of measuring syllable duration was used to assess syllabic timing in 75 patients with dysarthria of predominantly traumatic and cerebro-vascular origin and in 30 normal subjects. The applied speech tasks included repetitions of sentences containing chains of plosive-vowel-syllables. The logarithm of the duration of the syllable carrying sentence accent proved to be particularly highly correlated with perceived speech rate. Among the potential sources of temporal variability, segmental influences and the influence of sentence stress were examined. Further, the between-sentence variation of syllable duration was assessed. The resulting measures of variability were correlated with the severity of dysarthric impairment. A strengthening of normal effects was found in the consonant-related variation, whereas intrinsic vowel effects and the influence of sentence stress were largely reduced. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of timing theories in speech and limb motor control. They are considered to provide a valuable background against which the speech impairments of specific neurologic groups can be tested.
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Xu, Tongyang, Hedaia Ghannam, and Izzat Darwazeh. "Practical Evaluations of SEFDM: Timing Offset and Multipath Impairments." Infocommunications journal, no. 4 (2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2018.4.1.

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The non-orthogonal signal waveform spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) improves spectral efficiency at the cost of self-created inter carrier interference (ICI). As the orthogonal property, similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), no longer exists, the robustness of SEFDM in realistic wireless environments might be weakened. This work aims to evaluate the sensitivity of SEFDM to practical channel distortions using a professional experiment testbed. First, timing offset is studied in a bypass channel to locate the imperfection of the testbed and its impact on SEFDM signals. Then, the joint effect of a multipath frequency selective channel and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is investigated in the testbed. Through practical experiments, we demonstrate the performance of SEFDM in realistic radio frequency (RF) environments and verify two compensation methods for SEFDM. Our results show first frequency-domain compensation works well in frequency non-selective channel conditions while time-domain compensation method is suitable for frequency selective channel conditions. This work paves the way for the application of SEFDM in different channel scenarios.
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Vose, Alicia K., Sara Kesneck, Kirstyn Sunday, Emily Plowman, and Ianessa Humbert. "A Survey of Clinician Decision Making When Identifying Swallowing Impairments and Determining Treatment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2735–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0212.

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Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the primary providers of dysphagia management; however, this role has been criticized with assertions that SLPs are inadequately trained in swallowing physiology (Campbell-Taylor, 2008). To date, diagnostic acuity and treatment planning for swallowing impairments by practicing SLPs have not been examined. We conducted a survey to examine how clinician demographics and swallowing complexity influence decision making for swallowing impairments in videofluoroscopic images. Our goal was to determine whether SLPs' judgments of swallowing timing impairments align with impairment thresholds available in the research literature and whether or not there is agreement among SLPs regarding therapeutic recommendations. Method The survey included 3 videofluoroscopic swallows ranging in complexity (easy, moderate, and complex). Three hundred three practicing SLPs in dysphagia management participated in the survey in a web-based format (Qualtrics, 2005) with frame-by-frame viewing capabilities. SLPs' judgments of impairment were compared against impairment thresholds for swallowing timing measures based on 95% confidence intervals from healthy swallows reported in the literature. Results The primary impairment in swallowing physiology was identified 67% of the time for the easy swallow, 6% for the moderate swallow, and 6% for the complex swallow. On average, practicing clinicians mislabeled 8 or more swallowing events as impaired that were within the normal physiologic range compared with healthy normative data available in the literature. Agreement was higher among clinicians who report using frame-by-frame analysis 80% of the time. A range of 19–21 different treatments was recommended for each video, regardless of complexity. Conclusions Poor to modest agreement in swallowing impairment identification, frequent false positives, and wide variability in treatment planning recommendations suggest that additional research and training in healthy and disordered swallowing are needed to increase accurate dysphagia diagnosis and treatment among clinicians.
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Lense, Miriam D., Eniko Ladányi, Tal-Chen Rabinowitch, Laurel Trainor, and Reyna Gordon. "Rhythm and timing as vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1835 (August 23, 2021): 20200327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0327.

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Millions of children are impacted by neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which unfold early in life, have varying genetic etiologies and can involve a variety of specific or generalized impairments in social, cognitive and motor functioning requiring potentially lifelong specialized supports. While specific disorders vary in their domain of primary deficit (e.g. autism spectrum disorder (social), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (attention), developmental coordination disorder (motor) and developmental language disorder (language)), comorbidities between NDDs are common. Intriguingly, many NDDs are associated with difficulties in skills related to rhythm, timing and synchrony though specific profiles of rhythm/timing impairments vary across disorders. Impairments in rhythm/timing may instantiate vulnerabilities for a variety of NDDs and may contribute to both the primary symptoms of each disorder as well as the high levels of comorbidities across disorders. Drawing upon genetic, neural, behavioural and interpersonal constructs across disorders, we consider how disrupted rhythm and timing skills early in life may contribute to atypical developmental cascades that involve overlapping symptoms within the context of a disorder's primary deficits. Consideration of the developmental context, as well as common and unique aspects of the phenotypes of different NDDs, will inform experimental designs to test this hypothesis including via potential mechanistic intervention approaches. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.
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Armstrong, Paul, Marie-Christine Pardon, and Charlotte Bonardi. "Timing impairments in early Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence from a mouse model." Behavioral Neuroscience 134, no. 2 (April 2020): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bne0000359.

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Dallal, Nancy L., Bin Yin, Tereza Nekovářová, Aleš Stuchlík, and Warren H. Meck. "Impact of Vestibular Lesions on Allocentric Navigation and Interval Timing: The Role of Self-Initiated Motion in Spatial-Temporal Integration." Timing & Time Perception 3, no. 3-4 (December 10, 2015): 269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-03002053.

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Bilateral intratympanic sodium arsenate injections (100 mg/ml in isotonic saline) in adult male Long Evans rats produced impairments in allocentric navigation using a 12-arm radial maze procedure as well as a motor test battery designed to evaluate vestibular function. In contrast, no impairments in the accuracy or precision of duration reproduction using 20-s and 80-s peak-interval procedures were observed when both target durations were associated with the same lever response, but distinguished by signal modality (e.g., light or sound). In contrast, an ordinal-reproduction procedure with 800, 3200, and 12,800 ms standards requiring the timing of self-initiated movements during the production phase revealed large impairments in the accuracy and precision of timing for vestibular lesioned rats. These impairments were greater on trials in which self-initiated body movements (e.g., holding down the response lever for a fixed duration) were required without the support of external stimuli signaling the onset and offset of the reproduced duration in contrast to trials in which such external support was provided. The conclusion is that space and time are separable entities and not simply the product of a generalized system, but they can be integrated into a common metric using gravity and self-initiated movement as a reference.
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Sukal-Moulton, Theresa, Kristin J. Krosschell, Deborah J. Gaebler-Spira, and Julius P. A. Dewald. "Motor Impairments Related to Brain Injury Timing in Early Hemiparesis. Part II." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 28, no. 1 (August 2013): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968313497829.

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Beccuti, Guglielmo, Chiara Monagheddu, Andrea Evangelista, Giovannino Ciccone, Fabio Broglio, Laura Soldati, and Simona Bo. "Timing of food intake: Sounding the alarm about metabolic impairments? A systematic review." Pharmacological Research 125 (November 2017): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.005.

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Kuper, Willemijn F. E., Claudia van Alfen, Linda van Eck, Barbara C. H. Huijgen, Edward E. S. Nieuwenhuis, Marco van Brussel, and Peter M. van Hasselt. "Motor function impairment is an early sign of CLN3 disease." Neurology 93, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): e293-e297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007773.

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ObjectiveTo delineate timing of motor decline in CLN3 disease.MethodsMotor function, assessed by the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), was evaluated repeatedly in 15 patients with CLN3 disease, resulting in 65 test results and during one occasion in 2 control cohorts. One control cohort (n = 14) had isolated visual impairment; a second cohort (n = 12) exhibited visual impairment in combination with neurologic impairments. Based on 6MWT reference values in healthy sighted children, z scores of 6MWT results in patients with CLN3 disease and control cohort individuals were calculated. 6MWT results were correlated with age—including multilevel modeling analysis allowing assessment of imbalanced repeated measurements—and with Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS) scores.ResultsIn CLN3 disease, 6MWT scores were already impaired from first testing near diagnosis (mean z scores of −3.6 and −4.7 at 7 and 8 years of age, respectively). Afterwards, 6MWT scores continuously declined with age (r = −0.64, p < 0.0001) and with increasing UBDRS scores (r = −0.60, p = 0.0001), confirming correlation with disease progression. The decrease was more pronounced at a later age, as shown by the nonlinear multilevel model for 6MWT results in CLN3 disease (y = 409.18 − [0.52 × age2]). In contrast, an upward trend of 6MWT scores with age was observed in the control cohort with isolated visual impairment (r = 0.56; p = 0.04) similar to healthy, sighted children. The control cohort with additional neurologic impairments displayed a slightly decreased 6MWT walking distance independent of age.ConclusionsThe 6MWT unveils early onset of motor decline in CLN3 disease.
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Forbes, Jessica, and Ianessa Humbert. "Impact of the Chin-Down Posture on Temporal Measures of Patients With Dysphagia: A Pilot Study." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_ajslp-19-00223.

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Purpose The chin-down position is a commonly prescribed posture by health care professionals to alleviate the symptoms of dysphagia. Yet, how the technique influences swallowing physiology lacks clarity. Our goal was to examine the impact of the postural technique on patients with various medical conditions and swallowing impairments. Method Temporal and functional measures were examined with videofluoroscopy in the chin-down and neutral head position on 15 patients. Also, timing differences between head positions were examined to determine the presence of improvement during the chin-down posture. Results The primary finding was chin-down posture swallows prolonged the elapsed time between when the prematurely spilled bolus entered the pharynx relative to swallow onset compared to the neutral head position ( p = .006). Also, no improvement in airway protection was found when performing the postural technique. Conclusions The chin-down posture may benefit patients with specific swallowing impairments. However, the general use of the technique for all patients who experience swallowing difficulty might be negligent and could potentially have adverse or no effect on patient outcomes. Future studies examining patients with the same pathophysiology are needed to understand the benefit of the chin-down posture based on swallowing impairment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timing impairments"

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Tomlin, Toby-Daniel. "Analysis and modelling of jitter and phase noise in electronic systems : phase noise in RF amplifiers and jitter in timing recovery circuits." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0021.

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Timing jitter and phase noise are important design considerations in most electronic systems, particularly communication systems. The desire for faster transmission speeds and higher levels of integration, combined with lower signal levels and denser circuit boards has placed greater emphasis on managing problems related to phase noise, timing jitter, and timing distribution. This thesis reports original work on phase noise modelling in electronic systems. A new model is proposed which predicts the up-conversion of baseband noise to the carrier frequency in RF amplifiers. The new model is validated by comparing the predicted phase noise performance to experimental measurements as it applies to a common emitter (CE), bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier. The results show that the proposed model correctly predicts the measured phase noise, including the shaping of the noise about the carrier frequency, and the dependence of phase noise on the amplifier parameters. In addition, new work relating to timing transfer in digital communication systems is presented. A new clock recovery algorithm is proposed for decoding timing information encoded using the synchronous residual time-stamp (SRTS) method. Again, theoretical analysis is verified by comparison with an experimental implementation. The results show that the new algorithm correctly recovers the source clock at the destination, and satisfies the jitter specification set out by the ITU-T for G.702 signals.
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Alshabani, Waleed Mohammad. "An investigation of the effects of SFAS No.121 on asset impairment reporting and stock returns." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3068/.

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Prior to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.121 (SFAS No.121): Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of, managers had substantial discretion concerning the amount and timing of reporting writedowns of long-lived assets. Moreover, the frequency and dollar amount of asset writedown announcements that led to a large “surprise” caused the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to consider the need for a new standard to guide the recording of impairment of long-lived assets. This study has two primary objectives. First, it investigates the effects of SFAS No.121 on asset impairment reporting, examining whether SFAS No.121 reduces the magnitude and restricts the timing of reporting asset writedowns. Second, the study compares the information content (surprise element) of the asset impairment loss announcement as measured by cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) before and after the issuance of SFAS No.121. The findings provide support for the hypothesis that the FASB's new accounting standard does not affect the magnitude of asset writedown losses. The findings also provide support for the hypothesis that SFAS No. 121 does not affect the management choice of the timing for reporting asset writedowns. In addition, the findings suggest that the market evaluates the asset writedown losses after the issuance of SFAS No. 121 as good news for “big bath” firms, while, for “income smoothing” firms, the market does not respond to the announcements of asset writedown losses either before or after the issuance of SFAS No. 121. The findings also suggest that, for “big bath” firms, the market perceives the announcement of asset impairment losses after the adoption of SFAS No. 121 as more credible relative to that before its issuance. This could be because the practice of reporting asset writedowns after the issuance of SFAS No. 121 is under the FASB's authoritative guidance, which brings consistency and comparability in asset impairment reporting.
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Wang, Chi-Jang, and 王啟彰. "An empirical investigation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.35 "Accounting for Asset Impairment":Adoption timing motives and value relevance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98327786862920014591.

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碩士
淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
94
In June 2004, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No.35, "Accounting for Asset Impairment", that firms must follow to report the true values of their long-lived assets. The statement is effective on July 1, 2004 with early adoption encouraged. This study investigates the motives of firms to early-adopt the new standard. The logistic regression results indicate that the industry median of market to book ratio and of stock return are both positively related to the decision to adopt SFAS No. 35 early. In addition, the larger the size, the more likely the firm is to early-adopt the pronouncement. The findings also suggest that when a company experiences below normal earnings, managers are more likely to choose to adopt SFAS No. 35 early, supporting the “big bath hypothesis.” A further analysis is conducted to examine whether the assets governed by SFAS No. 35 (i.e., long-term investment under the equity method, real estate investment, fixed assets, goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill, lease assets, idle assets, long-term receivables, and deferred expenses) have information content. The results using early-adopting firms indicate that real estate investment is positively associated with cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). Moreover, as asset write-offs increase, long-term investment under the equity method, lease assets, and deferred expenses are negatively related to CAR, but fixed assets are positively associated with CAR. The empirical results using the late-adopting firms indicate that, as the write-offs increase, fixed assets are positively associated with CAR, and intangible assets other than goodwill are negatively related to CAR. These findings suggest that part of the assets governed by SFAS No. 35 provides some extent of value relevance to the investors.
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Books on the topic "Timing impairments"

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Rubia, Katya. ADHD brain function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0007.

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ADHD patients appear to have complex multisystem impairments in several cognitive-domain dissociated inferior, dorsolateral, and medial fronto-striato-parietal and frontocerebellar neural networks during inhibition, attention, working memory, and timing functions. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in motivation and affect control regions, most prominently in ventral striatum, but also orbital/ventromedial frontolimbic areas. Furthermore, there is an immature interrelationship between hypoengaged task-positive cognitive control networks and a poorly ‘switched off’ default mode network, both of which impact performance. Stimulant medication enhances the activation of inferior frontostriatal systems, while atomoxetine appears to have more pronounced effects on the dorsal attention network. More studies are needed to understand the neurofunctional correlates of the effects of age, gender, ADHD subtypes, and comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions. The use of pattern recognition analyses applied to imaging to make individual diagnostic or prognostic predictions are promising and will be the challenge over the next decade.
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Adile, Claudio. Feeding Tube and Survival Among Patients with Severe Cognitive Impairment (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0022.

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This chapter provides an overview and commentary on the study published by Teno and colleagues in 2012 that analyzed if feeding tube insertion and its timing affect survival in patients with advanced dementia. The study concluded that insertion of feeding tubes, irrespective of the timing of insertion, does not confer a survival benefit. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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Bazinet, Alissa D., Lindsay Squeglia, Edward Riley, and Susan F. Tapert. Effects of Drug Exposure on Development. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.21.

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Exposure to alcohol or other drugs during the prenatal or adolescent stage of life is associated with harmful consequences to cognition, behavior, or brain structure and function of the developing child or adolescent. Resulting impairment, when it exists, can be subtle to severe depending on several moderating factors, such as dose, timing, and frequency of exposure, polysubstance exposure, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions. This chapter reviews the relevant literature to date on the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal alcohol/drug exposure and adolescent substance use. Neuropsychological, neurobehavioral, and neuroimaging studies utilizing a variety of methodological designs are included to illustrate the wide-ranging impact of early substance exposure on subsequent developmental changes across childhood, adolescence, and young-adulthood.
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Book chapters on the topic "Timing impairments"

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Tait, David S., Ellen E. Bowman, Silke Miller, Mary Dovlatyan, Connie Sanchez, and Verity J. Brown. "Escitalopram Restores Reversal Learning Impairments in Rats with Lesions of Orbital Frontal Cortex." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 389–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_18.

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AbstractThe term ‘cognitive structures’ is used to describe the fact that mental models underlie thinking, reasoning and representing. Cognitive structures generally improve the efficiency of information processing by providing a situational framework within which there are parameters governing the nature and timing of information and appropriate responses can be anticipated. Unanticipated events that violate the parameters of the cognitive structure require the cognitive model to be updated, but this comes at an efficiency cost. In reversal learning a response that had been reinforced is no longer reinforced, while an alternative is now reinforced, having previously not been (A+/B− becomes A−/B+). Unanticipated changes of contingencies require that cognitive structures are updated. In this study, we examined the effect of lesions of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, on discrimination and reversal learning. Escitalopram was without effect in intact rats. Rats with OFC lesions had selective impairment of reversal learning, which was ameliorated by escitalopram. We conclude that reversal learning in OFC-lesioned rats is an easily administered and sensitive test that can detect effects of serotonergic modulation on cognitive structures that are involved in behavioural flexibility.
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Pastor, M. A., J. Artieda, and J. M. Martinez-Lage. "Timing in Perceptual and Motor Tasks in Parkinson’s Disease." In Sensorimotor Impairment in the Elderly, 293–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1976-4_19.

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Lara Galindo, Wendy Fabiola, and Cecilia Rojas-Nieto. "Self-Repair Timing of Lexical Problem Sources: A Window into Primary Language Impairment Online Processing." In Language Development and Disorders in Spanish-speaking Children, 235–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_12.

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"Interactions of Timing and Motivational Impairments in Schizophrenia." In Time Distortions in Mind, 168–89. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004230699_008.

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Girimaji, Satish C., Salah Basheer, Asit Biswas, and Satheesh Kumar Gangadharan. "Intellectual Disability—Concepts, Aetiology, and Genetics." In Oxford Textbook of the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability, 23–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198794585.003.0003.

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There are three major conceptualizations of Intellectual Disability (ID): as a lower end of the Gaussian distribution of intelligence in the population, a bio-medical condition secondary to adverse influences on the developing brain (neurodevelopmental disorder), and as a socio-cultural construct focusing on impairments in adaptive functioning and the need for extra supports. Modern definitions incorporate all these aspects. There are hundreds of causes of ID, both genetic and environmental, that act either singly or in combination. These are classified based on the timing (pre-, peri-, and postnatal) and the type of cause. Genetic factors include chromosomal disorders, microdeletions, single gene disorders and newly discovered mechanisms such as copy number variations. Environmental factors may operate in prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods of development. Pathophysiological pathways leading to ID involve disruption of neurodevelopment and neuronal functioning, such as neural proliferation, migration, connectivity, synaptic development, intra- and inter-cellular signalling pathways, and metabolism. Identifying the aetiology has major clinical implications.
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Uchitomi, Hirotaka, Kazuki Suzuki, Tatsunori Nishi, Michael J. Hove, Yoshihiro Miyake, Satoshi Orimo, and Yoshiaki Wada. "Gait Rhythm of Parkinson’s Disease Patients and an Interpersonal Synchrony Emulation System Based on Cooperative Gait." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 38–53. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch005.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) and basal ganglia dysfunction impair movement timing, and this impairment leads to gait instability and falls. Gait disturbances of PD can occur in numerous ways, including festinating (accelerating) gait, slow shuffling gait, or highly variable random stride-timing. The authors’ research group is studying an ambulatory assistive system that is based on the cooperative gait among human beings for locomotion rehabilitation. In this chapter, they introduce gait disturbances of PD, especially festinating gait, and they introduce an Interpersonal synchrony emulation system between a human and a virtual biped robot, which entrains the gait timings of the human and the robot in a cross-feedback manner by presenting auditory stimulation that indicates the timing of the partner’s foot contact with the ground. In a pilot study that evaluated walking with the system, the festinating gaits of the PD patients were improved, and carry-over effects were observed. These results suggested that the interpersonal interaction seems to be effective for the welfare support of locomotive ability.
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Keri, Krishna, and Mohit Agarwal. "Renal Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices." In Mechanical Circulatory Support, 323–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190909291.003.0039.

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Advanced heart failure patients typically have reduced renal reserve due to prolonged hemodynamic impairment and coexisting cardiorenal syndrome. This increases the risk of acute kidney injury following any type of surgical intervention. Even minimally compromised renal function can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of these procedures. For these reasons, there is a critical need to carefully assess these risk factors in the preoperative setting, modifying them when possible in order to reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction. In cases where acute kidney injury occurs despite taking the appropriate preventative measures, a detailed understanding of the different modalities of renal replacement and the timing with which these methods are initiated can have a substantial impact on postoperative outcomes.
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Labrecque, Manon, Roberto Castaño, Grégory Moullec, Ignacio Ansottegui, and Denyse Gautrin. "Occupational Asthma." In Asthma, 172–90. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918065.003.0014.

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Work-related asthma can be divided in two major entities: work-exacerbated asthma and occupational asthma. Occupational asthma is further split into two subtypes: sensitizer-induced occupational asthma and irritant-induced asthma, which includes reactive airway dysfunction syndrome. The patient’s medical history (type of symptoms and timing) is not sufficient to diagnose occupational asthma. The diagnosis requires an objective confirmation of asthma and of work-related functional changes. Psychological distress, health-related quality-of-life impairment, and comorbid psychiatric disorder are frequent in patients with work-related asthma or work-related asthma symptoms and have to be considered in the evaluation and treatment. Many areas of research are still needed to understand the complexity of work-related asthma.
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Al-Hourani, Kinda, Jessica Lee Siew Hua, and Parijat De. "Investigation and Management of Endocrinopathies in Thalassaemia Major." In Human Blood Group Systems and Haemoglobinopathies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93861.

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A combination of sub-therapeutic chelation and subsequent iron overload are regarded as the principal drivers of endocrine dysfunction in thalassaemia. The clinical presentation of endocrine complications and their timing of onset can be highly variable, in part due to population heterogeneity but also variation in chelation strategies. Endocrinopathies commonly associated with thalassaemia include: growth delay; pubertal delay; gonadal dysfunction; thyroid disorders; parathyroid and adrenal gland impairment; impaired bone metabolism; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this chapter we summarise the main presentations of endocrine disorder in thalassaemia, summarising their epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathophysiologic basis. Furthermore, we review screening, monitoring and treatment strategies, with particular regard to the UK Thalassaemia Society’s 2016 National Standards.
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Charak, Sonika, Robin George Thattil, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Prabhu Prasad Das, and Manish Shandilya. "Assessment and Management of Pain in Palliative Care." In Suggestions for Addressing Clinical and Non-Clinical Issues in Palliative Care. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96676.

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Palliative care is an essential component in any disease management. Pain assessment acts as the connecting link between the nerves, brain and spinal cord. Classification and assessment of the pain have great significance in controlling the pain-related symptoms. Pain is broadly divided into three types nociceptive, neuropathic and mixed depending upon the damage caused. Nociceptive pain is caused due to the stimulation of the pain receptors in the tissues and is further divided into visceral and somatic depending on the pain site. Neuropathic pain arises when the nervous system gets damaged or start dysfunctioning. Cancer pain assessment includes several factors like the site, intensity, syndrome, timing and temporal variation of pain. Edmonton staging system for cancer pain prognostic is widely used for pain management includes emotional/psychological distress cognitive impairment caused by pain. A comprehensive understanding of pain assessment will help in enhancing the quality of life of the patients.
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Conference papers on the topic "Timing impairments"

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Morris, Emily A., K. Alex Shorter, Yifan Li, Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler, Geza F. Kogler, Timothy Bretl, and William K. Durfee. "Actuation Timing Strategies for a Portable Powered Ankle Foot Orthosis." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6170.

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Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are used to assist persons with lower-limb neuromuscular impairments. We have developed the portable powered AFO (PPAFO). This device uses a bidirectional pneumatic actuator powered by a CO2 bottle to provide dorsiflexor and plantarflexor torque assistance. The PPAFO operates tether-free, allowing for use outside of the laboratory. This system has been tested on one impaired and multiple healthy subjects. Timing of the assistance provided by the PPAFO has been determined by: 1) direct event detection using sensor feedback with threshold triggers, and 2) state estimation in which gait events are estimated using a cross-correlation based algorithm. Direct event detection, while simple to implement, can be unreliable for subjects with certain gait impairments. State estimation, while more complicated to implement, provides access to state information that cannot be directly measured by the AFO, which allows for greater flexibility in assistance timing. Current hardware limitations and future work are also discussed.
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2

Kocinski, Carmen. "Using the EVM to Predict BER Performance of QPSK Modulators with Phase Noise and Timing Jitter Impairments." In 26th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5421.

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3

Ueda, Jun, Lauren Lacey, Melih Turkseven, Minoru Shinohara, Ilya Kovalenko, Euisun Kim, and Fatiesa Sulejmani. "Robotic Neuromuscular Facilitation for Regaining Neural Activation in Hemiparetic Limbs." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-48085.

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This paper introduces an effective engineered rehabilitation system for understanding and inducing functional recovery of hemiparetic limbs based on the concept of timing-dependent induction of neural plasticity. Limb motor function is commonly impaired after neurologic injury such as stroke, with hemiparesis being one of the major impairments. In an emerging unique intervention for hemiparesis, named repetitive facilitation exercise, or RFE, a therapist manually applies brief mechanical stimuli to the peripheral target muscles (e.g., tapping, stretching of tendon/muscle) immediately before a patient intends to produce a movement with the muscle. The practice of this rehabilitation procedure by a skilled therapist often leads to dramatic rehabilitation outcomes. However, unskilled therapists, most likely due to the inaccuracy of the timing of peripheral stimulation in reference to the intention of movement (i.e. motor command), are unable to recreate the same rehabilitation results. Robotic rehabilitation, on the other hand, can improve the reliability and efficacy of the operation by satisfying the timing precision required by the therapy. This study demonstrates the use of a pneumatically-driven MRI-compatible robot for RFE assessment. The pressure dynamics of the system is studied for an accurate estimation on the time of response of the robot. The required temporal precision of the therapy is obtained and the use of the device is validated through experiments on a human subject.
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4

Anand, D. M., C. Freiheit, M. Weiss, K. Shenoi, and H. Ossareh. "A timing impairment module for electrical synchrometrology." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control, and Communication (ISPCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispcs.2019.8886638.

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5

Verma, Ajay K., John Zanetti, Reza Fazel-Rezai, and Kouhyar Tavakolian. "Pulse Transit Time Derivation Using Xiphoidal and Carotid Seismocardiograms." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3444.

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Blood pressure is an indicator of a cardiovascular functioning and could provide early symptoms of cardiovascular system impairment. Blood pressure measurement using catheterization technique is considered the gold standard for blood pressure measurement [1]. However, due its invasive nature and complexity, non-invasive techniques of blood pressure estimation such as auscultation, oscillometry, and volume clamping have gained wide popularity [1]. While these non-invasive cuff based methodologies provide a good estimate of blood pressure, they are limited by their inability to provide a continuous estimate of blood pressure [1–2]. Continuous blood pressure estimate is critical for monitoring cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. Pulse transit time (PTT) is a time taken by a pulse wave to travel between a proximal and distal arterial site [3]. The speed at which pulse wave travels in the artery has been found to be proportional to blood pressure [1, 3]. A rise in blood pressure would cause blood vessels to increase in diameter resulting in a stiffer arterial wall and shorter PTT [1–3]. To avail such relationship with blood pressure, PTT has been extensively used as a marker of arterial elasticity and a non-invasive surrogate for arterial blood pressure estimation. Typically, a combination of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) or arterial blood pressure (ABP) signal is used for the purpose of blood pressure estimation [3], where the proximal and distal timing of PTT (also referred as pulse arrival time, PAT) is marked by R peak of ECG and a foot/peak of a PPG, respectively. In the literature, it has been shown that PAT derived using ECG-PPG combination infers an inaccurate estimate of blood pressure due to the inclusion of isovolumetric contraction period [1–3, 4]. Seismocardiogram (SCG) is a recording of chest acceleration due to heart movement, from which the opening and closing of the aortic valve can be obtained [5]. There is a distinct point on the dorso-ventral SCG signal that marks the opening of the aortic valve (annotated as AO). In the literature, AO has been proposed for timing the onset of the proximal pulse of the wave [6–8]. A combination of AO as a proximal pulse and PPG as a distal pulse has been used to derive pulse transit time and is shown to be correlated with blood pressure [7]. Ballistocardiogram (BCG) which is a measure of recoil forces of a human body in response to pumping of blood in blood vessels has also been explored as an alternative to ECG for timing proximal pulse [5, 9]. Use of SCG or BCG for timing the proximal point of a pulse can overcome the limitation of ECG-based PTT computation [6–7, 9]. However, a limitation of current blood pressure estimation systems is the requirement of two morphologically different signals, one for annotating the proximal (ECG, SCG, BCG) and other for annotating the distal (PPG, ABP) timing of a pulse wave. In the current research, we introduce a methodology to derive PTT from seismocardiograms alone. Two accelerometers were used for such purpose, one was placed on the xiphoid process of the sternum (marks proximal timing) and the other one was placed on the external carotid artery (marks distal timing). PTT was derived as a time taken by a pulse wave to travel between AO of both the xiphoidal and carotid SCG.
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