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Journal articles on the topic 'Timetables'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Sapar, Gaurav, Arbaj Shaikh, and Pratik Divekar. "Smart Timetable System Using AI and ML." Journal of Computer Networks and Virtualization 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jocnv.2024.2121-23.

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Professional colleges have distinct course offerings, each with its own curriculum that covers a variety of disciplines. Teachers in various universities teach unique subjects in different semesters, and outside of the same semester, the academy focuses on two distinct topics. The most significant charge is that the timetable must be programmed in accordance with the college's provided time slots, with timetables ordered so that faculty timings do not clash. The timetable no longer overlaps with their various schedules and timetables.
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2

Palmqvist, Carl-William, Nils O. E. Olsson, and Lena Winslott Hiselius. "The Planners’ Perspective on Train Timetable Errors in Sweden." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8502819.

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Timetables are important for train punctuality. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the people who plan the timetables: the research has instead been more centred on how to improve timetables through simulation, optimisation, and data analysis techniques. In this study, we present an overview of the state of practice and the state of the art in timetable planning by studying the research literature and railway management documents from several European countries. We have also conducted interviews with timetable planners in Southern Sweden, focusing on how timetable planning relates to punctuality problems. An important backdrop for this is a large project currently underway at the Swedish Transport Administration, modernizing the timetable planning tools and processes. This study is intended to help establish a baseline for the future evaluation of this modernization by documenting the current process and issues, as well as some of the research that has influenced the development and specifications of the new tools and processes. Based on the interviews, we found that errors in timetables commonly lead to infeasible timetables, which necessitate intervention by traffic control, and to delays occurring, increasing, and spreading. We found that the timetable planners struggle to create a timetable and that they have neither the time nor the tools required to ensure that the timetable maintains a high quality and level of robustness. The errors we identified are (a) crossing train paths at stations, (b) wrong track allocation of trains at stations, especially for long trains, (c) insufficient dwell and meet times at stations, and (d) insufficient headways leading to delays spreading. We have identified eleven reasons for these errors and found three themes among these reasons: (1) “missing tools and support,” (2) “role conflict,” and (3) “single-loop learning.” As the new tools and processes are rolled out, the situation is expected to improve with regard to the first of these themes. The second theme of role conflict occurs when planners must strive to meet the demands of the train operating companies, while they must also be unbiased and create a timetable that has a high overall quality. While this role conflict will remain in the future, the new tools can perhaps help address the third theme by elevating the planners from first- to double-loop learning and thereby allowing them to focus on quality control and on finding better rules and heuristics. Over time, this will lead to improved timetable robustness and train punctuality.
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3

Uma, P., P. S. Sharvesh, M. Pradeep, P. Sathishkumar, and R. Senthilnathan. "Automatic Timetable Generation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50110.

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Abstract: Generating a timetable manually for educational institutions can be a tedious task for educators, as each grade has a predefined education scheme and faculty workload that needs to be taken into account. The challenge lies in preparing a timetable that does not overlap with the schedules of the faculty members and can efficiently utilize all available resources. To overcome these difficulties, our project proposes the use of algorithms such as Evolutionary Algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, and scatter search. The proposed system will take inputs such as grade-wise subjects, teachers, and workload, and generate a possible timetable for the working days of the week. The system will integrate these inputs to make optimal use of all resources while adhering to the predefined constraints. This will help overcome the constraints that appear in the manual timetable generation process, resulting in timetables for any number of courses and grades. The implementation of this proposed system will provide a dynamic solution with the best approach, making it easier for educationalists to manage and set timetables. It will eliminate the complexity of manually generating and managing timetables, providing an efficient and effective solution to this challenging task
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4

Yusop, Noorrezam. "A Systematic Literature Review: Optimization Timetable in Education to Support Work-Life Balance (WLB)." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v7i2.324.

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Scheduling academic staff timetables is crucial and necessary to avoid redundancy and clash of class between teacher and student timetables. A good timetable allows students and teachers to manage their time and support a good and healthy lifestyle. However, with the scheduling, academic staff timetable may use many procedures to get efficient results. Therefore, this paper provides a gap of study for existing work on Optimization Timetable to support Work-Life Balance (WLB) regarding their market commercial and research purposes. The methodology of this study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Result: two findings investigate 1) relevant optimization timetable scheduling used and 2) the method for timetable optimization to support WLB. The strengths and weaknesses of the features and utilities behind each study are also presented to provide a further understanding of the gaps and weaknesses of each body of research. We conclude that these studies are still insufficient and require further evaluation and improvement.
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5

Cheuk, Sharon, and Samuel Ye Ler Chai. "Auto Timetable Management Mobile Application." Trends in Undergraduate Research 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): c1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.5730.2023.

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In this fast-paced lifestyle, we play multiple roles and bear different responsibilities. This kind of lifestyle needs proper time management skills to look after the tasks and duties that have been entrusted. In order to do time management effectively, tools such as timetables are commonly adopted. Rescheduling of a timeslot in a timetable could happen due to certain unforeseen events that require immediate action. The rearrangement of one timeslot could possibly affect another timeslot in a timetable, essentially, it needs extra time and effort to draw new planning. In this paper, we proposed to develop an auto timetable scheduling mobile application to combat the hustle of manual timetable management. By assigning priority levels and constraints such as the preferred time and date of a task, the proposed application can reschedule and generate a new timetable automatically. With the proposed application, we claim that users can reduce the hustle of creating and managing their timetables in a manual way.
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6

Gorbachev, A. M. "Mathematical model of aperiodic timetables of urban electric transport." Automation on Transport 6, no. 4 (December 2020): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2020-6-4-499-517.

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The analysis of scientifi c publications and timetable models is given. Existing works have been used as a basis of a classification of timetables by the frequency of time values. The urban transport network is presented in the form of a multigraph. The transition from a multigraph of the urban transport network to a network of events characterizing the traffi c process is considered. Constraints on time values have been formalized to solve the main problem of the scheduling theory. The proposed formalization factors in the specifi cs of traffic management planning in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. A mathematical model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic based on the theory of linear programming is presented. The optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory has been substantiated. The uniformity of traffi c intervals is used as an optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory. The article provides tabular timetables used in urban transport to describe the traffi c process in the absence of significant events on the line. The implementation of the model presented in this article is exemplified by the automated tram and trolleybus timetable design software being part of the automated urban electric transport control system currently used in Saint Petersburg to form tram and trolleybus timetables. The examples of calculating the vehicle departure interval diagrams have been used to demonstrate the function of aligning the traffi c intervals. In conclusion, the advantages and development paths of the proposed model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic are listed
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7

Liao, Zhengwen, Haiying Li, Jianrui Miao, and Lingyun Meng. "Estimating the Railway Network Capacity Utilization with Mixed Train Routes and Stopping Patterns: A Multiobjective Optimization Approach." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2024 (February 15, 2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5467767.

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Railway capacity estimation problem is typically defined as estimating the maximum number of trains that can be operated in a railway section within a given time interval. However, trains with different speeds, routes, and stopping patterns in a railway network will likely compete for the limited capacity of network nodes and sections. As these trains may provide different services, it is ambiguous to simply indicate the network capacity by a scalar number of trains. To comprehensively estimate and interpret the railway capacity considering the capacity competition between heterogeneous trains, we propose a multiobjective perspective for the capacity estimation problem to enrich the capacity theory while handling the competition among trains with different routes and stopping patterns. Based on a time-space network timetable saturation model, we extend the multiobjective capacity estimation approach to the detailed timetable level by optimizing the saturated timetable under capacity estimation objectives with respect to different routes and stopping patterns. With the ε-constraint method, we can obtain the Pareto front of saturated timetables, i.e., a set of nondominated optimized timetables that no more candidate train can be additionally scheduled. The result is a more comprehensive capacity representation than a single absolute scalar number. A case study is conducted on a combined high-speed and intercity network of Zhengzhou Railway group in China. An extensive set of Pareto-optimal saturated timetables describing the effects on the capacity of the railway network is obtained. The results can help infrastructure managers select saturated timetables as the capacity utilization reference by considering the trade-off between time indexes from passengers’ and operators’ perspectives.
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8

Nguyen, Phuc, Nicholas A. Pease, and Hao Yuan Kueh. "Scalable control of developmental timetables by epigenetic switching networks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 180 (July 2021): 20210109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0109.

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During development, progenitor cells follow timetables for differentiation that span many cell generations. These developmental timetables are robustly encoded by the embryo, yet scalably adjustable by evolution, facilitating variation in organism size and form. Epigenetic switches, involving rate-limiting activation steps at regulatory gene loci, control gene activation timing in diverse contexts, and could profoundly impact the dynamics of gene regulatory networks controlling developmental lineage specification. Here, we develop a mathematical framework to model regulatory networks with genes controlled by epigenetic switches. Using this framework, we show that such epigenetic switching networks uphold developmental timetables that robustly span many cell generations, and enable the generation of differentiated cells in precisely defined numbers and fractions. Changes to epigenetic switching networks can readily alter the timing of developmental events within a timetable, or alter the overall speed at which timetables unfold, enabling scalable control over differentiated population sizes. With their robust, yet flexibly adjustable nature, epigenetic switching networks could represent central targets on which evolution acts to manufacture diversity in organism size and form.
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9

Meng, Xuelei, Limin Jia, and Wanli Xiang. "A Petri Net Model of Train Operation Simulation for Harmonizing Train Timetables of Neighbor Dispatching Sections." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i6.2713.

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Train timetable is the key document to regulate railway traffic through sequencing train movements to keep the appropriate order. Timetable stability and on-schedule rate are closely related. Delays caused by disturbances in train operations can be absorbed by a high quality timetable with high stability, and the on-schedule rate then can be assured. This paper improves the stability of timetables of several connected railway sections to assure the on-schedule rate with a simulation method. Firstly, we build a macroscopic network model of train operation in a railway network using the Petri net theory. Then we design the train tracking subnet model, the station subnet model and arrival-departure track subnet model. At last we propose a computing case, simulating the train operation process based on the presented models, and the simulation results prove the feasibility and availability of the models. The approach presented in this paper can offer valuable decision-support information for railway operators preparing train timetables.
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10

He, Li, Lei Chen, Jin Liu, Clive Roberts, Saijun Yu, and Xujie Feng. "Passenger Flow-Oriented Metro Operation without Timetables." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104999.

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Unpredictable fluctuant passenger flow usually exists in urban metro operations. In this situation, traditional predetermined metro timetables cannot always meet the variation of passenger flow, and thus the service quality of the metro system could be affected profoundly. In this paper, by introducing an innovative metro operation method without timetables, we develop a nonlinear integer programming model to continually optimise the train operation to deal with detected real-time passenger flow variations. We aim to minimise the total passenger waiting time in the research time horizon under the vehicle number constraint. A modified genetic algorithm integrated with a macroscopic metro simulator is adopted to solve the proposed model. A case study based on the Beijing Metro Line 19 is implemented to provide a quantitative result for evaluating the proposed passenger flow-oriented metro operation method without timetables. Compared to traditional timetable-based metro operation, the method could significantly improve the metro operation’s flexibility and the quality of services.
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11

Gorbachev, Aleksey. "Review on optimization models and methods for shuttle urban and main transport timetables and traffic schedules." Transport automation research 8, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2022-8-03-287-295.

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Review for used at the moment models and methods for the creation and optimization of shuttle timetables for urban and main transport is given in the article, major differences between post-Soviet and foreign experience in the technology of timetable and traffic schedule creation are considered. The article contains phased analysis of approaches to planning the work of urban transport. The issues of dividing the city transport network into routes, the problems of vehicle distribution between them are given, the mathematical models of shuttle transport timetables, the assignments of real vehicles of certain types to squads and drivers distribution between them for each date are presented, major reasons for using aperiodic urban transport traffic schedules on post-Soviet area are pointed. The history of the development of software automation systems for urban transport traffic schedules is narrated, there’re considered major approaches, implementing an automation for the creation of periodic, aperiodic and hybrid timetables and traffic schedules, for to develop modern informational systems for the being considered purposes.
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12

Jiang, Feng, Da-ben Yu, and Shao-quan Ni. "An Objective Train Timetabling Quality Evaluation Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3047963.

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The train timetable dominates the rail traffic organization. The timetabling quality should be evaluated to check the work skill of train timetable managers. The values of existing timetable evaluation indexes vary with infrastructure features and traffic flow; therefore, they are not comparable in fact. Furthermore, subjective inputs like expert scores are involved in evaluation; this will lead to unreliable results because the experts may have different opinions. To overcome these shortages, we propose a relative train path efficiency index by taking the train paths as production units. Each unit consumes some transport resources and produces some feedback outputs. A DEA model is applied to compute the train path efficiency. Two statistical functions of train path efficiency are used to evaluate the timetabling quality. We verify our method with real-world timetables. First, we use the Shibantan-to-Xinqiao line timetable to test the relative feature of the index proposed, and the results show that the train path efficiency value is relative and can reflect whether the stops are evenly distributed or not. Second, we evaluate the timetabling quality of another two timetables of the Qingdao-to-Jinan line with different traffic flows, and the results show that, compared with the 2012 timetable, the timetabling quality decreased in 2013.
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13

Gao, Liangpeng, Yue Zheng, Yanjie Ji, Chenghong Fu, and Lihai Zhang. "Reliability Analysis of Bus Timetabling Strategy during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Yixing, China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6688236.

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How to meet the daily demand for resident transport while limiting the transmission of infectious diseases is a problem of social responsibility of urban transport systems during major public health emergencies. Considering the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic (COVID-19), a bus timetable system based on the “if early, wait, and if late, leave soon” strategy is proposed. Based on public transport vehicle constraints in this system, the concept of reliability is introduced to evaluate public transport timetable systems, and a model based on an event tree is built to calculate the failure rate of urban bus timetables. Then, the public transport situation in Yixing city is used as an example to perform confirmatory analysis, and the fluctuations in the reliability of the bus timetable during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic are discussed. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain the overall failure rate of urban bus timetable by traversing the calculation of each round-trip interval and achieve an accurate evaluation of the reliability of bus timetables. During the early, middle, and more recent stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the failure rate of bus timetables in Yixing city initially decreased and then increased. In the early stage of the outbreak, the failure rate of the Yixing bus timetable was 7.8142. However, the failure rate decreased to 4.3306 and 5.0160 in the middle and late stages of the epidemic, respectively. In other words, the failure rate of the public transport network in the middle and late stages decreased by 44.58% and 35.81%, respectively, compared with that in the early stage. Thus, during major health emergencies, such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak, the reliability of the urban bus timetable system can be improved by at least 35%, and cross-infection at bus stations can be prevented. The research results verify the feasibility and reliability of the implementation of bus timetabling strategies during major health emergencies.
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14

Larabi-Marie-Sainte, Souad, Roohi Jan, Ali Al-Matouq, and Sara Alabduhadi. "The impact of timetable on student’s absences and performance." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): e0253256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253256.

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Student’s academic performance is the point of interest for both the student and the academic institution in higher education. This performance can be affected by several factors and one of them is student absences. This is mainly due to the missed lectures and other class activities. Studies related to university timetabling investigate the different techniques and algorithms to design course timetables without analyzing the relationship between student attendance behavior and timetable design. This article first aimed at demonstrating the impact of absences and timetabling design on student’s academic performance. Secondly, this study showed that the number of absences can be caused by three main timetable design factors: namely, (1) the number of courses per semester, (2) the average number of lectures per day and (3) the average number of free timeslots per day. This was demonstrated using Educational Data Mining on a large dataset collected from Prince Sultan University. The results showed a high prediction performance reaching 92% when predicting student’s GPA based on absences and the factors related to timetabling design. High prediction performance reaching 87% was also obtained when predicting student absences based on the three timetable factors mentioned above. The results demonstrated the importance of designing course timetables in view of student absence behavior. Some suggestions were reported such as limiting the number of enrolled courses based on student’s GPA, avoiding busy and almost free days and using automated timetabling to minimize the number of predicted absences. This in turn will help in generating balanced student timetables, and thus improving student academic performance.
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15

Sánchez-Contreras, Gonzalo, Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, and Asunción P. Cucala. "A Two-Level Fuzzy Multi-Objective Design of ATO Driving Commands for Energy-Efficient Operation of Metropolitan Railway Lines." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 9238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129238.

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Policies for reducing CO2 and other GHG emissions have motivated an increase in electrification in metropolitan areas, mandating reductions in energy consumption. Metro systems are keystone contributors to the sustainability of cities; they can reduce the energy consumption of cities through the use of the economic driving parameters in their onboard automatic train operation systems (ATO) and through the strategic design of efficient timetables. This paper proposes a two-level optimization method to design efficient, comfortable, and robust driving commands to be programmed in all the interstations of a metro line. This method aims to increase the sustainability of metro operations by producing efficient timetables with economic driving for each interstation while considering comfort restrictions and train mass uncertainty. First, in the eco-driving level, an optimal Pareto front between every pair of successive stations is obtained using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with fuzzy parameters (F-MOPSO). This front contains optimized speed profiles for different running times considering train mass variations. The global problem is stated as a multi-objective combinatorial problem, and a fuzzy greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (F-GRASP) is used to perform an intelligent search for the optimal timetables. Thus, a global front of interstation driving commands is computed for the whole line, showing the minimum energy consumption for different travel times. This method is analyzed in a case study with real data from a Spanish metro line. The results are compared with the minimum running time timetable and a typical timetable design procedure. The proposed algorithms achieve a 24% reduction in energy consumption in comparison to the fastest driving commands timetable, representing a 4% increase in energy savings over the uniform timetable design.
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Sistig, Hubert Maximilian, Philipp Sinhuber, Matthias Rogge, and Dirk Uwe Sauer. "Optimizing Fleet Structure for Autonomous Electric Buses: A Route-Based Analysis in Aachen, Germany." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (May 14, 2024): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16104093.

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Intelligent transportation systems enhance the potential for sustainable, user-friendly, and efficient transport. By eliminating driver costs, autonomous buses facilitate the redesign of networks, timetables, and fleet structure in a cost-effective manner. The electrification of bus fleets offers the opportunity to further improve the environmental sustainability of transportation networks, but requires adjustments to vehicle schedules due to the limited range and charging requirements. This paper examines the intricate relationship between electrification and autonomous buses. To this end, timetables for autonomous electric buses of different sizes were developed for a real bus route in Aachen, Germany. The resulting electric vehicle scheduling problem was then solved using an adaptive large neighborhood search to determine the number of vehicles needed and the total cost of ownership. By eliminating driver costs, vehicles with lower passenger capacity become much more attractive, albeit at a slightly higher cost. In comparison, the incremental costs of electrification are low if the right approach is taken. Fluctuations in typical passenger numbers can be used to modify timetables and vehicle schedules to accommodate the charging needs of autonomous electric buses. In particular, electric bus concepts with fewer charging stations and lower charging power benefit from adapting the timetable to passenger numbers. The results demonstrate that the specific requirements of electric buses should be considered when adapting networks and timetables in order to design a sustainable transport network.
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Chyliński, Piotr. "National integrated cycle timetable (KZCRJ)." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_04_05.

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The article discusses the role of the timetable as part of the commercial offer in public transport in comparison with broadly understood concept of the commercial offer in the economy. The influence of deficiencies of transportation offer on the perception of rail transport and the development of competing services was described. Article describes the idea of a stable, integrated timetables and features that make the timetable may be classified as a cyclic and integrated. The potential benefits of the transport system, which brings stabilization of the timetable were shown.
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18

Dou, Xueping, and Tongfei Li. "Multi-Objective Bus Timetable Coordination Considering Travel Time Uncertainty." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020574.

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This paper proposes a timetable coordination method for transfer problems in a bus transit system. With a given bus network, a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model has been formulated to obtain coordinated bus timetables with the objective of minimizing a weighted sum of the average value of total waiting time and its average absolute deviation value, allowing for random bus travel time. The vital decision variable is the terminal departure offset time of each target bus trip within a certain off-peak period. The robust MILP model can also be used to solve the first-bus transfer problem with the introduction of several new linear constraints. A solution method based on the Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to solve the MILP model. Numerical experiments have been conducted for different scenarios. The results indicate that bus timetables coordinated by the developed model are capable of substantially reducing waiting time for transfer and non-transfer passengers. In addition, the feasibility of simplifying a common sub-route into a single transfer stop in a timetable coordination problem has been explored based on numerical experiments.
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Katkar, Atharv. "Automated Time – Table Generator Using Genetic Algorithm." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 29, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34941.

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Timetable creation is a very important job in schools as it helps to make sure that all resources are used appropriately and the students get an environment conducive for learning. In this paper, we introduce a new way of making them automatically using genetic algorithms for optimization. The method takes into account several restrictions such as availability of classes or subjects, preference of teachers about rooms they would like to teach in, size of rooms among many others which are necessary when generating optimized timetables for given sets of classes or resources. The structure of our suggested algorithm has been borrowed from genetics. Some objectives were considered during fitness evaluation namely even distribution across days; minimum number of gaps between consecutive periods; conformity with rules. Additionally, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed alongside the algorithmic design which allows easy interaction with the user for better understanding and experience on how the system works. Through this interface users are able to input constraints, view generated timetables and do other customizations thus making it more usable than just having command line-based program. Key Words: Timetable, Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, GUI.
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20

Gao, Bowen, Decun Dong, Yusen Wu, and Dongxiu Ou. "Macroscopic Real-Time Timetable Rescheduling Approach for High-Speed Railway under Complete Blockages Using a Three-Stage Algorithm." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2676, no. 3 (November 2, 2021): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211052960.

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The rescheduling of train timetables under a complete blockage is a challenging process, which is more difficult when timetables contain lots of trains. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to solve the problem, following the rescheduling strategy that blocked trains wait inside the stations during the disruption. When the exact end time of the disruption is known, trains at stations downstream of the blocked station can depart early. The model aims at minimizing the total delay time and the total number of delayed trains under the constraints of station capacities, activity time, overtaking rules, and rescheduling strategies. Because there are too many variables and constraints of the MILP model to be solved, a three-stage algorithm is designed to speed up the solution. Experiments are carried out on the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway line from Chibibei to Guangzhounan. The original timetable contains 162 trains, including 29 cross-line trains and 133 local trains. The simulation results show that our model can handle the optimization task of the timetable rescheduling problem very well. Compared with the one-stage algorithm, the three-stage algorithm is proved to greatly improve the solving speed of the model. All instances can get a better optimized disposition timetable within 450 to 600 s, which is acceptable for practical use.
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Daddis, Christopher, and Judith Smetana. "Middle-class African American families’ expectations for adolescents’ behavioural autonomy." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 5 (September 2005): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01650250500167053.

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Timetables for adolescents’ behavioural autonomy were examined using a modified version of Feldman and Quatman’s (1988) teen timetable measure with 73 middle-class African American middle adolescents (M age 1 / 4 14.96 years, SD 1 / 4 1.29) and their parents (73 mothers and 44 fathers), who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. African American mothers’ and fathers’ expectations for adolescents’ behavioural autonomy did not differ, but expectations varied greatly across issues, and mothers consistently endorsed later timetables than did adolescents. Autonomy expectations each could be described in terms of two empirically derived, conceptually meaningful, and internally consistent composites pertaining to personal and prudential issues. They were earlier for personal than prudential issues and for prudential issues, for boys than for girls. Mothers’ (but not adolescents’) expectations for the desired timing of adolescents’ autonomy over personal and prudential issues predicted increased autonomy over those issues 3 years later.
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22

Zhang, Qin, Xiaoning Zhu, Li Wang, and Shuai Wang. "Simultaneous Optimization of Train Timetabling and Platforming Problems for High-Speed Multiline Railway Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (March 17, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679008.

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The optimization problems of train timetabling and platforming are two crucial problems in high-speed railway operation; these problems are typically considered sequentially and independently. With the construction of high-speed railways, an increasing number of interactions between trains on multiple lines have led to resource assignment difficulties at hub stations. To coordinate station resources for multiline train timetables, this study fully considered the resources of track segments, station throat areas, and platforms to design a three-part space-time (TPST) framework from a mesoscopic perspective to generate a train timetable and station track assignment simultaneously. A 0-1 integer programming model is proposed, whose objective is to minimize the total weighted train running costs. The construction of a set of incompatible vertexes and links facilitates the expression of difficult constraints. Finally, example results verify the validity and practicability of our proposed method, which can generate conflict-free train timetables with a station track allocation plan for multiple railway lines at the same time.
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Kutty Mammi, Hazinah, and Lim Ying Ying. "Timetable Scheduling System using Genetic Algorithm for School of Computing (tsuGA)." International Journal of Innovative Computing 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijic.v11n2.342.

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Current timetable scheduling system in School of Computing(SC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM) is done manually which consumes time and human effort. In this project, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach is proposed to aid the timetable scheduling process. GA is a heuristic search algorithm which finds the best solution based on current individual characteristics. Using GA and scheduling info such as rooms available and timeslots needed, it is shown that scheduling can be done more efficiently, with less time, effort and errors. As a testbed, a web application is developed to maintain records needed and generate timetables. Introduction of GA helps in generating a timetable automatically based on information such as rooms, subjects, lecturers, student group and timeslot. GA reduces human error and human efforts in the timetable scheduling process.
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24

Fifield, Christopher, and Alfred Brendel. "Poems & Timetables." Musical Times 132, no. 1781 (July 1991): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/966288.

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Rosenthal, Doreen A., and Anthony M. A. Smith. "Adolescent Sexual Timetables." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 26, no. 5 (October 1997): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024538123804.

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26

Dr. V.Vinodhini, A.Subashini, and S.Sathesh Kumar. "Auto-Time Table Automation Tool using Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.18.

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Time Table Computerization Tool is utilized for all educational pitch. The process includes two client features, the institution head and staff individuals. Institution head has all the rights to control and change the given information. All office accessible in the institution will be kept up through division's module. Administrator can pick any staff individual from the necessary office and can allocateto a prescribed class. During allocation the procedure followed with respective subjects in the institution for first, second, third, final year and so. Staff must be browsed with the necessary division. Administrator picks relating staff for their respective subjects and ration them. After staff dispersal, their time table will be shaped by the administrator which can be perceived by the staff individuals. Staff will have separate login framework, where they can login and can perceive their time tables. For other years same criteria will be followed in order to distribute the subjects among staff evenly. The Auto timetable schedule feature automates class, exam, and course forecast process for students, teachers, and different classrooms by taking into consideration all the possible. Furthermore, the timetable software integrates user-centric and simple-to-use tools to for educators to view, organize, and generate master and individual timetables for each teacher/ class/grade, develop personalized timetables, create and pin to-do lists, schedule substitute replacements for absent staff, manage and organize events on calendar, and much more on smartphone, tablet and computer devices.
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LEE, HSIN-YUN. "A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EXPOSITION TIMETABLING USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 03 (May 2012): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500137.

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The exposition industry has developed rapidly in recent years. For exposition centers, exposition timetabling is a complicated problem. The timetables arranged by the administrators usually result in an imbalanced usage percentage between showgrounds and a low total usage percentage for all showgrounds. In this paper, we developed a decision support system that considers the characteristics of exposition timetabling. The proposed system applies ant colony optimization for determining the near-optimal timetable of expositions. The ants are grouped into teams representing multi-layer ant paths for priority ranking. This improvement allows us to classify candidate expositions with different time preferences. The showground timetabling of an exposition center is used to validate the proposed system. The timetable proposed by the decision support system ensures a higher efficiency and a higher total usage percentage of the showgrounds than the timetable proposed by a human expert.
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Takamatsu, Mizuyo, and Azuma Taguchi. "Bus Timetable Design to Ensure Smooth Transfers in Areas with Low-Frequency Public Transportation Services." Transportation Science 54, no. 5 (September 2020): 1238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0918.

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This study investigates the timetable design problem in areas with low-frequency public transportation services. In Japan, rural areas face sparse populations and rapid growth in the percentage of elderly people. In these areas, many bus lines offer fewer than 10 services per day. In addition to low-frequency services, it is also inconvenient to transfer to another bus or train service. Thus, there is a strong need to design a timetable that ensures smooth transfers among buses and trains. We tackle this problem by adopting existing bus lines and train timetables as much as possible to avoid drastic changes such as an increase in the number of services. Based on this approach, we present a mathematical optimization model to generate a revised bus timetable that shortens waiting time for transfers compared with the current timetable. We apply our model to a part of the Tohoku District in Japan and demonstrate its usefulness in the real world.
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Sartori Vieira, Fabio, Kenneth Sorensen, and Pieter Vansteenwegen. "Optimization of a Semiflexible Demand-Responsive Feeder System in Suburban Areas Using a Memetic Algorithm." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7593649.

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Traditional bus operations in suburban areas are inefficient due to their fixed routes and timetables. Since suburban operations deal with low demand spread in a large area, the service stays underused for most off-peak hours. In order to render the operation profitable and increase the number of passengers on each bus, operators reduce the frequency of the service, which results in an increase of passenger waiting time for the service. As a solution to this problem, this paper introduces a demand-responsive public bus system that aims to adjust routes and timetables of a semiflexible system to the demand for transportation. The operation still offers a reliable service like the traditional system but aims to reduce the passenger travel time. A memetic algorithm is developed to optimize this demand-responsive system. For a network with 25 bus stops served hourly by three lines and with an average demand of 20 requests per hour, the memetic algorithm is demonstrated to reduce the passenger waiting time with almost 50% in comparison with a traditional system operating in the same network with fixed routes and timetable.
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NYDEGGER, CORINNE N. "Timetables and Implicit Theory." American Behavioral Scientist 29, no. 6 (July 1986): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000276486029006006.

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31

Rothkrug, Paul. "Ecological and Historical Timetables." Monthly Review 41, no. 10 (March 5, 1990): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-041-10-1990-03_5.

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Zhang, Renjie, Shisong Yin, Mao Ye, Zhiqiang Yang, and Shanglu He. "A Timetable Optimization Model for Urban Rail Transit with Express/Local Mode." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (April 19, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5589185.

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Nowadays, an express/local mode has be studied and applied in the operation of urban rail transit, and it has been proved to be beneficial for the long-distance travel. The optimization of train patterns and timetables is vital in the application of the express/local mode. The former one has been widely discussed in the various existing works, while the study on the timetable optimization is limited. In this study, a timetable optimization model is proposed by minimizing the total passenger waiting time at platforms. Further, a genetic algorithm is used to solve the minimization problems in the model. This study uses the data collected from Guangzhou Metro Line 14 and finds that the total passenger waiting time at platforms is reduced by 9.3%. The results indicate that the proposed model can reduce the passenger waiting time and improve passenger service compared with the traditional timetable.
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Greiner, Karel. "Information System of Railway Undertakings Train Track Requirements." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 2 (January 26, 2012): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i2.141.

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The paper describes the facilities of a new application serving for entering railway undertakings requirements related to train tracks in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The application is a part of a new information system of the train timetables configuration. The train editor represents a distributed application consisting of a database server, application server and a client program. It contains most of the data of trains available in the programming schedule. In addition to features for working with trains, it provides a variety of analytical tools and printing of tools for railway workers and passengers. In order to coordinate compiling of the timetable by the infrastructure manager, a train-making procedure was designed based on the stages of the train. KEY WORDS: timetable, train, information system, distributed application
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Wu, Yinghui, Yifan Zhu, and Tianyu Cao. "Mathematical Analysis and an Exact Solution Combined with Preprocessing Method for Resynchronizing of Bus Timetable Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 23, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7832638.

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Bus timetabling is a subproblem of bus network planning, and it determines departure time of each trip of lines to make vehicles from different lines synchronously arrive at transfer stations. Due to the well-designed coordination of bus timetables, passengers can make a smooth transfer without waiting a long time for connecting buses. This paper addresses the planning level of resynchronizing of bus timetable problem allowing modifications to initial timetable. Timetable modifications consist of shifts in the departure times and headways. A single-objective mixed-integer programming model is proposed for this problem to maximize the number of total transferring passengers benefiting from smooth transfers. We analyze the mathematical properties of this model, and then a preprocessing method is designed to reduce the solution space of the proposed model. The numerical results show that the reduced model is effectively solved by branch and bound algorithm, and the preprocessing method has the potential to be applied for large-scale bus networks.
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Medeossi, Giorgio, and Andrew Nash. "Reducing Delays on High-Density Railway Lines: London–Shenfield Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 7 (June 12, 2020): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120921159.

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This case study describes the development of a new timetable designed to reduce delays on the London–Shenfield regional railway line in the United Kingdom (UK). Reducing delays on high-density railway lines is challenging because frequent service makes it difficult to identify the root cause of delays and there is limited ability to solve delay problems by adding buffer times to timetables. On the other hand, it is very important to reduce delays on high-density lines since they affect many passengers and because a delay on one train can easily affect following trains. In this study, detailed railway operational data was used together with Oyster card ridership data to identify the root cause of delays and help develop an alternative timetable. The alternative timetable was tested and refined using stochastic simulation. The new timetable was placed in service during 2016 and led to a significant reduction in delays: punctuality within 5-min of scheduled arrival time increased by 6.2% during the most critical hour of the morning peak period. The paper describes the methodology, its application, study results, and transferability.
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36

Chen, Dingjun, Sihan Li, Junjie Li, Shaoquan Ni, and Xiaolong Liu. "Optimal High-Speed Railway Timetable by Stop Schedule Adjustment for Energy-Saving." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4213095.

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Timetable optimization techniques offer opportunity for saving energy and hence reducing operational costs for high-speed rail services. The existing energy-saving timetable optimization is mainly concentrated on the train running state adjustment and the running time redistribution between two stations. Not only the adjustment space of timetables is limited, but also it is hard for the train to reach the optimized running state in reality, and it is difficult to get feasible timetable with running time redistribution between two stations for energy-saving. This paper presents a high-speed railway energy-saving timetable based on stop schedule optimization. Under the constraints of safety interval and stop rate, with the objective of minimizing the increasing energy consumption of train stops and the shortest travel time of trains, the high-speed railway energy-saving timetable optimization model is established. The fuzzy mathematics programming method is used to design an efficient algorithm. The proposed model and algorithm are demonstrated in the actual operation data of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The results show that the total operating energy consumption of the train is reduced by 3.7%, and the total travel time of the train is reduced by 11 minutes.
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37

Maghomedov, M. Z. "On the determination of Namaz time in the Republic of Dagestan." Minbar. Islamic Studies 14, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2021-14-1-164-172.

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The given paper studies the results of a research by a special commission of Dagestan Muftiate on the determination of the five daily obligatory prayers (Namaz) schedule in the Republic of Dagestan. The study gives a short statement of Shariah regulations on each Namaz starting and ending time; thus, provides visual comparative analysis of the research results with an existing in Dagestan Namaz timetable. The concluding part reveals the effective ways of implementing the renewed calendar within the local communities. The results of the research will be useful for the Muslim religious figures from other regions of Russia in correcting their existing Namaz timetables in accordance with the Shariah Rules.
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38

Melichar, Joseph, and David A. Chiriboga. "Timetables in the Divorce Process." Journal of Marriage and the Family 47, no. 3 (August 1985): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352271.

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39

Ceder, Avishai, and Ofer Tal. "Designing Synchronization into Bus Timetables." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1760, no. 1 (January 2001): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1760-04.

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40

Fretter, C., L. Krumov, K. Weihe, M. Müller-Hannemann, and M. T. Hütt. "Phase synchronization in railway timetables." European Physical Journal B 77, no. 2 (August 11, 2010): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2010-00234-y.

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41

Joshi, Yateendra. "Graphic representation of railway timetables." Information Design Journal 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.8.2.07jos.

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42

de Palma, André, and Robin Lindsey. "Optimal timetables for public transportation." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 35, no. 8 (September 2001): 789–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-2615(00)00023-0.

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43

Lindahl, Michael, Thomas Stidsen, and Matias Sørensen. "Quality recovering of university timetables." European Journal of Operational Research 276, no. 2 (July 2019): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.01.026.

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44

Ceder, Avishai. "Methods for creating bus timetables." Transportation Research Part A: General 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(87)90024-0.

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45

Liebchen, Christian. "Symmetry for Periodic Railway Timetables." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 92 (February 2004): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2003.12.021.

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Liebchen, Christian, Michael Schachtebeck, Anita Schöbel, Sebastian Stiller, and André Prigge. "Computing delay resistant railway timetables." Computers & Operations Research 37, no. 5 (May 2010): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.022.

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47

Van Lieshout, Rolf N. "Integrated Periodic Timetabling and Vehicle Circulation Scheduling." Transportation Science 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 768–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1024.

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Periodic timetabling is one of the most well-researched problems in the public transport optimization literature. However, the impact that timetabling has on the number of required vehicles, which directly translates to operator costs, is rarely considered. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the problem of jointly optimizing the timetable and the vehicle circulation schedule, which specifies the cyclic sequences of trips that vehicles perform. In order to obtain high-quality solutions to realistic instances, we improve an earlier proposed formulation by contraction techniques, three new valid inequalities, and symmetry-breaking constraints. Ultimately, this allows us to explore the trade-off between the number of vehicles and the attractiveness of the timetable from the passengers’ perspective. An extensive computational study demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved formulation. Moreover, using this approach, we are able to find timetables requiring substantially fewer vehicles at the cost of minimal increases of the average travel time of passengers.
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Wang, Zeyu, Zixi Bai, Leishan Zhou, Bin Guo, Chang Han, Hanxiao Zhou, and Wenqiang Zhao. "A Scheduling Approach for the Train-Set Circulation Plan and Timetable for the Longer Distance High-Speed Railway in Transition Time." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041919.

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Nowadays, high-speed railway (HSR) has become one of the main choices for passengers. As the number of passengers increases, their travel demands become diverse and the fluctuation range of passenger travel demands will also increase. In order to adapt to the change of passenger travel demands, the switching frequency of timetables needs to be increased. When switching the timetable, the train-set circulation plan also needs to be considered. In this paper, a scheduling approach for quickly solving the timetable and the train-set circulation plan in the transition time is proposed. A section sequence is constructed in the integer programming model, and the primary train-set circulation plan is obtained. Then a stop plan is obtained on the basis of passenger travel demands. To obtain the final train-set circulation plan and the timetable, a genetic algorithm (GA) is designed, and a method that can ensure that the timetable meets the safety operation requirements is proposed. The scheduling approach is tested on the Beijing-Shanghai HSR. The results show that by extending the transition time, the scheduling approach can switch the train-set position from the old state to new state, without additional consumption of resources, on the premise of meeting the travel demands of passengers.
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Yang, Guang, Junjie Wang, Feng Zhang, Shiwen Zhang, and Cheng Gong. "A Real-Time Timetable Rescheduling Method for Metro System Energy Optimization under Dwell-Time Disturbances." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5174961.

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Automatic Train Systems (ATSs) have attracted much attention in recent years. A reliable ATS can reschedule timetables adaptively and rapidly whenever a possible disturbance breaks the original timetable. Most research focuses the timetable rescheduling problem on minimizing the overall delay for trains or passengers. Few have been focusing on how to minimize the energy consumption when disturbances happen. In this paper, a real-time timetable rescheduling method (RTTRM) for energy optimization of metro systems has been proposed. The proposed method takes little time to recalculate a new schedule and gives proper solutions for all trains in the network immediately after a random disturbance happens, which avoids possible chain reactions that would attenuate the reuse of regenerative energy. The real-time feature and self-adaptability of the method are attributed to the combinational use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Deep Neural Network (DNN). The decision system for proposing solutions, which contains multiple DNN cells with same structures, is trained by GA results. RTTRM is upon the foundation of three models for metro networks: a control model, a timetable model and an energy model. Several numerical examples tested on Shanghai Metro Line 1 (SML1) validate the energy saving effects and real-time features of the proposed method.
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Chen, Weiya, Jiaqi Lu, Hengpeng Zhang, and Ziyue Yuan. "Pareto Optimization of Energy-Saving Timetables Considering the Non-Parallel Operation of Multiple Trains on a Metro Line." Mathematics 11, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 4491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11214491.

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In light of reducing train operation energy consumption while maintaining the passenger service level for creating sustainable urban rail transit systems, we address a non-parallel train timetabling problem considering regenerative braking energy utilization and the non-parallel operation of multiple trains on a metro line via a newly proposed multi-objective timetable (MOT) optimization model and an evolutionary algorithm based on NSGA-II. The optimization objectives of the MOT model are to find satisfactory energy-saving timetables on the Pareto frontier by minimizing the total travel time of passengers and minimizing the net energy consumption of trains. An improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on NSGA-II is constructed to generate the optimal arrival and departure times at each station for each train running in a non-parallel operation mode. This study tests the feasibility of the proposed optimization method via an empirical case using the data collected from the Yizhuang Line of the Beijing metro systems in China. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method satisfies both the energy utilization and passenger service levels along a Pareto front. The MOT improves the overall effectiveness of regenerative braking energy utilization by 29.88% in comparison with the original timetable; it reduces the net operation energy consumption by 44.86% relative to the travel-oriented timetable (TOT); and it reduces the total passenger travel time by 27.18% compared with the energy-oriented timetable (EOT).
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