Academic literature on the topic 'Timed Failure Logic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Timed Failure Logic"
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Cao, Yuyan, Yongxi Lyu, and Xinmin Wang. "Fault Diagnosis Reasoning Algorithm for Electromechanical Actuator Based on an Improved Hybrid TFPG Model." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122153.
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As a new generation of power-by-wire actuators, electromechanical actuators are finding increasingly more applications in the aviation field. Aiming at the application problem of the fault diagnosis of the electromechanical actuator, an improved diagnosis reasoning algorithm based on a hybrid timed failure propagation graph (TFPG) model is proposed. On the basis of this hybrid TFPG model, the activation conditions of OR and causality among nodes are given. The relationship discrepancy node is transformed into a relationship node and discrepancy node, which unifies the model storage process. The backward and forward extension operations of hypothesis generation and updating are improved. In the backward expansion operation, the specific process of backward update from non-alarm nodes is given, and the judging logic of the branch of relationship nodes is added, which guarantees the unity of the algorithm framework and the accuracy of the time update. In the forward expansion operation, the update order is adjusted to ensure the accuracy of the node update for the case of multiple parents. A hybrid TFPG model of the electromechanical actuator is established in the general modeling environment (GME), and a systematic verification scheme with two simulation types is tested with the application of the P2020 reference design board (RDB) and VxWorks 653 system. The results show that the proposed algorithm can realize the fault diagnosis of the electromechanical actuator as well as fault propagation prediction.
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TELES, Athus Costa, Ana Clara de Pádua FREITAS, and Antonio Cruz RODRIGUES. "FAILURES DETECTION METHODS IN CHEMICAL PROCESS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.79_periodico32_pgs_61_68.pdf.
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Any atypical change in a procedure can be characterized as a “failure”. Consequently, it may result in economic losses and/or a rise of the operational cost, because most of the times the process will need to be interrupted. Therefore, the concern with the quality and security of the processes has stimulating studies of diagnosis and monitoring failures in industrial equipments. In light of this, the present article has as purpose to apply three different methods (Artificial Neural Networks - ANN, Fuzzy Logic – FL and Support Vector Machine – SVM). All of those were applied as detection and classification systems of failure in the processes of a case study in order to diagnose these artificial intelligence techniques so that the efficiency of each method can be compared. All investigation is done by modeling a reactor of Van der Vusse’s kinetic causing four types of failures, in the concentration of a reagent (failure 1), in the sensor which measures the concentration of the interested product and temperature (failure 2 and 3), and in the valve locking (failure 4). The data used in this methodology is based in quantitative and qualitative historical information. All methods are able to detect failures, but in different times. ANN is the one which detects faster all the failures. SVM detects some minutes later, however with good precision, even though this method uses less computational effort compared to ANN. Fuzzy, in the most of the cases studied, takes hours to detect any change in the system, which makes this one the less effective among the ones studied.
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DWYER, VINCENT M., ROGER M. GOODALL, and ROGER DIXON. "RELIABILITY OF 2-OUT-OF-N:G SYSTEMS WITH NHPP FAILURE FLOWS AND FIXED REPAIR TIMES." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 19, no. 01 (February 2012): 1250003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539312500039.
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It is commonplace to replicate critical components in order to increase system lifetimes and reduce failure rates. The case of a general N-plexed system, whose failures are modeled as N identical, independent nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) flows, each with rocof (rate of occurrence of failure) equal to λ(t), is considered here. Such situations may arise if either there is a time-dependent factor accelerating failures or if minimal repair maintenance is appropriate. We further assume that system logic for the redundant block is 2-out-of-N:G. Reliability measures are obtained as functions of τ which represents a fixed time after which Maintenance Teams must have replaced any failed component. Such measures are determined for small λ(t)τ, which is the parameter range of most interest. The triplex version, which often occurs in practice, is treated in some detail where the system reliability is determined from the solution of a first order differential-delay equation (DDE). This is solved exactly in the case of constant λ(t), but must be solved numerically in general. A general means of numerical solution for the triplex system is given, and an example case is solved for a rocof resembling a bathtub curve.
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Fan, Chongqing, Zhenzhou Lu, and Yan Shi. "Time-dependent failure possibility analysis under consideration of fuzzy uncertainty." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 367 (July 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2018.06.016.
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Jiang, S., and R. Kumar. "Failure Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems With Linear-Time Temporal Logic Specifications." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 49, no. 6 (June 2004): 934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2004.829616.
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Guo, Lu, and Xiaodong Liu. "Mission-Oriented Missile Equipment Support System Modeling: Considering the Failure and Health State." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5026555.
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Missile equipment support system is a complex system involving mission profile, operating environment, support personnel, resource scheduling, and other factors, and most of the equipment failures are a process of continuous evolution over time. Based on the characteristics of equipment functions or performance parameters and current detection methods, only part of equipment health degradation trend can be monitored. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the support system simulation considering the equipment failure and health state comprehensively. In this paper, a mission-oriented modeling framework of missile equipment support system based on agent is proposed. Agents of equipment, support, management, and environment are abstracted. The behavior logic, information transmission link, and interaction mechanism among agents are explained. The failure occurrence handling mechanism and health state degradation handling mechanism are determined. The equipment recovery behavior model, including equipment health state control model, corrective maintenance behavior model, and system reconstruction behavior model, are constructed, and the simulation process and implementation method are explained. Finally, a certain type of missile equipment is taken as an example for simulation. The results show that the mean time between failures can be extended and the times of corrective maintenance can be reduced by maintenance support with integrated consideration of equipment failure and health deterioration. In addition, the simulation results show the variation trend of equipment availability, which can lay a solid foundation for the optimization design of equipment support resources in the future, so as to improve the availability of equipment in the whole life cycle.
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Wang, Fang, Zhi Liu, Yun Zhang, and C. L. Philip Chen. "Adaptive finite-time control of stochastic nonlinear systems with actuator failures." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 374 (November 2019): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2018.12.005.
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POP, LILIANA. "Time and crisis: framing success and failure in Romania’s post-communist transformations." Review of International Studies 33, no. 3 (July 2007): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210507007577.
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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the complex interplay between domestic systemic transformations in post-communist Europe and the reintegration of these countries in the global political economy, through a study of the relationship between successive Romanian governments and the international financial institutions in the 1990s. Conceptually, it seeks to overcome the dichotomies of realist and rationalist approaches to international relations by deploying fields, habitus and practices conceptual framework inspired by the work of Pierre Bourdieu. The article captures both the symbolic and material-structural dimensions of the interaction between domestic field-creation and the reproduction of global economic and political fields. It suggests that practices aimed at the reproduction of power hierarchies are also modulated by symbolic requirements, to save face and to avoid whenever possible open conflict, related to the logic of honour.
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Cropper, Andrew, and Rolf Morel. "Learning programs by learning from failures." Machine Learning 110, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 801–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10994-020-05934-z.
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AbstractWe describe an inductive logic programming (ILP) approach called learning from failures. In this approach, an ILP system (the learner) decomposes the learning problem into three separate stages: generate, test, and constrain. In the generate stage, the learner generates a hypothesis (a logic program) that satisfies a set of hypothesis constraints (constraints on the syntactic form of hypotheses). In the test stage, the learner tests the hypothesis against training examples. A hypothesis fails when it does not entail all the positive examples or entails a negative example. If a hypothesis fails, then, in the constrain stage, the learner learns constraints from the failed hypothesis to prune the hypothesis space, i.e. to constrain subsequent hypothesis generation. For instance, if a hypothesis is too general (entails a negative example), the constraints prune generalisations of the hypothesis. If a hypothesis is too specific (does not entail all the positive examples), the constraints prune specialisations of the hypothesis. This loop repeats until either (i) the learner finds a hypothesis that entails all the positive and none of the negative examples, or (ii) there are no more hypotheses to test. We introduce Popper, an ILP system that implements this approach by combining answer set programming and Prolog. Popper supports infinite problem domains, reasoning about lists and numbers, learning textually minimal programs, and learning recursive programs. Our experimental results on three domains (toy game problems, robot strategies, and list transformations) show that (i) constraints drastically improve learning performance, and (ii) Popper can outperform existing ILP systems, both in terms of predictive accuracies and learning times.
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Muyizere, Darius, Lawrence K. Letting, and Bernard B. Munyazikwiye. "Decreasing the Negative Impact of Time Delays on Electricity Due to Performance Improvement in the Rwanda National Grid." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193114.
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One of the most common power problems today is communication and control delays. This can adversely affect decision interaction in grid security management. This paper focuses on communication signal delays and how to identify and address communication system failure issues in the context of grid monitoring and control, with emphasis on communication signal delay. An application to solve this problem uses a thyristor switch capacitor (TSC) and a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) to improve the power quality of the Rwandan National Grid (RNG) with synchronous and PV generators. It is to counteract the negative effects of time delays. To this end, the TSC and TCR architectures use two methods: the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) method and the modified predictor method (MPM). The experiment was performed using the Simulink MATLAB tool. The power quality of the system was assessed using two indicators: the voltage index and total harmonic distortion. The FLC-based performance was shown to outperform the MPM for temporary or permanent failures if the correct outcome was found. As a result, we are still unsure if TSC and TCR can continue to provide favorable results in the event of a network cyber-attack.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timed Failure Logic"
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Rodríguez, Iván. "Bayesian analysis for Cox's proportional hazard model with error effect and applications to accelerated life testing data." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Sampietro, Samuele. "Timed Failure Logic Analysis in a Model-Driven Engineering approach." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238685.
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A complex System of Systems, integrating several hardware and software components in the holistic perspective of providing an emergent behaviour and operating within business-critical contexts, aims at affording contrasting
requirements of reliability and complexity in delivered functions and quality of services by supporting system evolution and adaptation over time.
This dissertation contributes to the area of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), proposing a model-driven approach supporting timed failure logic analysis of complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in business-critical scenarios.
The research defines a meta-model joining structural information about system architectures with their failure logic, decoupling representations of communication interfaces from those of failure propagation.
The meta-model also supports runtime evolution (which can be very fast in the case of complex CPS) of concrete systems by enabling the configuration of product lines, capable of representing multiple variation points of a component, supporting continuous adaptation of offered products and services to business or customer needs.
The meta-model enables a round-trip engineering process through the definition of a set of transformation rules, supporting the automated and correct-by-construction initialisation of meta-model instances starting from SysML Block Definition Diagrams for system specification and stochastic Fault Trees for timed failure logic, thus activating co-evolution mechanisms propagating external manual modifications, applied on meta-model instances, directly to the adopted structural and reliability artefacts. At the same time, a set of transformation rules has been defined so as to enable the automated generation of Stochastic Time Petri Nets (STPN) from meta-model instances, thus supporting quantitative evaluation of the imed failure logic.
The MDE approach is demonstrated on the case study of a CPS operating in a Smart City environment, evaluating at design time different configurations of the system with respect to the reliability of its cyber-side.
The research also addresses the design and the prototypical implementation of a tool offered both as-a-service and as a Java API.
Books on the topic "Timed Failure Logic"
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A.I.-based real-time support for high performance aircraft operations: Final status report. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A.I.-based real-time support for high performance aircraft operations: Final status report. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.
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Gershman, Samuel. What Makes Us Smart. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205717.001.0001.
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At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. This book makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, the book shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, the book presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, the book demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, the book delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
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Gartzke, Erik A., and Paul Poast. Empirically Assessing the Bargaining Theory of War: Potential and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.274.
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What explains war? The so-called bargaining approach has evolved quickly in the past two decades, opening up important new possibilities and raising fundamental challenges to previous conventional thinking about the origins of political violence. Bargaining is intended to explain the causes of conflict on many levels, from interpersonal to international. War is not the product of any of a number of variables creating opportunity or willingness, but instead is caused by whatever factors prevent competitors from negotiating the settlements that result from fighting. Conflict is thus a bargaining failure, a socially inferior outcome, but also a determined choice.Embraced by a growing number of scholars, the bargaining perspective rapidly created a new consensus in some circles. Bargaining theory is radical in relocating at least some of the causes of conflict away from material, cultural, political, or psychological factors and replacing them with states of knowledge about these same material or ideational factors. Approaching conflict as a bargaining failure—produced by uncertainty and incentives to misrepresent, credible commitment problems, or issue indivisibility—is the “state of the art” in the study of conflict.At the same time, bargaining theories remain largely untested in any systematic sense: theory has moved far ahead of empirics. The bargaining perspective has been favored largely because of compelling logic rather than empirical validity. Despite the bargaining analogy’s wide-ranging influence (or perhaps because of this influence), scholars have largely failed to subject the key causal mechanisms of bargaining theory to systematic empirical investigation. Further progress for bargaining theory, both among adherents and in the larger research community, depends on empirical tests of both core claims and new theoretical implications of the bargaining approach.The limited amount of systematic empirical research on bargaining theories of conflict is by no means entirely accident or the product of lethargy on the part of the scholarly community. Tests of theories that involve intangible factors like states of belief or perception are difficult to pursue. How does one measure uncertainty? What does learning look like in the midst of a war? When is indivisibility or commitment a problem, and when can it be resolved through other measures, such as ancillary bargains? The challenge before researchers, however, is to surmount these obstacles. To the degree that progress in science is empirical, bargaining theory needs testing.As should be clear, the dearth of empirical tests of bargaining approaches to the study of conflict leaves important questions unanswered. Is it true, for example, as bargaining theory suggests, that uncertainty leads to the possibility of war? If so, how much uncertainty is required and in what contexts? Which types of uncertainty are most pernicious (and which are perhaps relatively benign)? Under what circumstances are the effects of uncertainty greatest and where are they least critical? Empirical investigation of the bargaining model can provide essential guidance to theoretical work on conflict by identifying insights that can offer intellectual purchase and by highlighting areas of inquiry that are likely to be empirical dead ends. More broadly, the impact of bargaining theory on the study and practice of international relations rests to a substantial degree on the success of efforts to substantiate the perspective empirically.
Book chapters on the topic "Timed Failure Logic"
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Steinhöfel, Dominic. "Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules." In Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020, 197–226. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83128-8_10.
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AbstractLegacy systems are business-critical software systems whose failure can have a significant impact on the business. Yet, their maintenance and adaption to changed requirements consume a considerable amount of the total software development costs. Frequently, domain experts and developers involved in the original development are not available anymore, making it difficult to adapt a legacy system without introducing bugs or unwanted behavior. This results in a dilemma: businesses are reluctant to change a working system, while at the same time struggling with its high maintenance costs. We propose the concept of Structured Software Reengineering replacing the ad hoc forward engineering part of a reengineering process with the application of behavior-preserving, proven-correct transformations improving nonfunctional program properties. Such transformations preserve valuable business logic while improving properties such as maintainability, performance, or portability to new platforms. Manually encoding and proving such transformations for industrial programming languages, for example, in interactive proof assistants, is a major challenge requiring deep expert knowledge. Existing frameworks for automatically proving transformation rules have limited expressiveness and are restricted to particular target applications such as compilation or peep-hole optimizations. We present Abstract Execution, a specification and verification framework for statement-based program transformation rules on JAVA programs building on symbolic execution. Abstract Execution supports universal quantification over statements or expressions and addresses properties about the (big-step) behavior of programs. Since this class of properties is useful for a plethora of applications, Abstract Execution bridges the gap between expressiveness and automation. In many cases, fully automatic proofs are in possible. We explain REFINITY, a workbench for modeling and proving statement-level JAVA transformation rules, and discuss our applications of Abstract Execution to code refactoring, cost analysis of program transformations, and transformations reshaping programs for the application of parallel design patterns.
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Laranjeiro, Nuno, Marco Vieira, and Henrique Madeira. "Building Web Services with Time Requirements." In Performance and Dependability in Service Computing, 317–39. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-794-4.ch014.
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Developing web services with timing requirements is a difficult task, as existing technology does not provide standard mechanisms to support real-time execution, or even to detect and predict timing violations. However, in business-critical environments, an operation that does not conclude on due time may be completely useless, and may result in service abandonment, reputation, or monetary losses. This chapter presents a framework that allows deploying web services with temporal failure detection and prediction capabilities. Detection is based on timing restrictions defined at execution time and historical data is used for failure prediction according to prediction modules. Additional modules can be added to the framework to provide more advanced failure detection and prediction capabilities. The framework enables providers to easily develop and deploy time-aware web services, with the failure detection code decoupled from the application logic, and allows consumers to express their timeliness requirements.
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Gordon, Geoff. "The Time of Contingency in International Law." In Contingency in International Law, 162–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898036.003.0010.
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The normative affirmation that international law could have been otherwise upholds material commitments to an actually-existing distribution of goods, which international law supports. To make this clear, this chapter begins by sketching a larger context by which the contingency of international law can be made legible. The larger context here pertains to a Western humanist tradition, following which international law relies on contingency to sustain a humanist fantasy of a temporal economic actor. The humanist fantasy includes an emancipatory pretension to political pre-eminence that is inscribed in its temporality, but at odds with its material, economic underpinnings. The pretension to pre-eminence corresponds historically with an ascendant normative regime that has succeeded as an economic programme but continuously failed as an emancipatory one. The frustrated emancipatory project is a complementary counterpart to the successful economic one. The former persists not despite but on the basis of failure and contradiction: in the face of historical failure, international law always already contains within itself the normative solution; its past failures are proof of future successes, a source of assurance and self-affirmation. When political ideals fail, specific temporal logics entangled with international law enable an affirmation of the subject who maintains those failed ideals, for no other reason than persisting as the same idealistic subject in the same material system that produced the failure. As a result, international legal practice redirects energy for social objectives into subjective self-affirmation, leaving other forces at work for political purposes.
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Cassar, J. P., M. Staroswiecki, and R. Ferhati. "MULTIVALUED LOGIC VOTING SCHEME FOR RESIDUAL EVALUATION IN FAILURE DETECTION AND ISOLATION SYSTEMS." In Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control 1992, 267–72. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041898-8.50048-7.
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Zaharna, R. S. "All Thumbs at Communication." In Boundary Spanners of Humanity, 21–38. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190930271.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 examines how U.S. public diplomacy’s repeated failures to reach global publics exposed in real time the fallacy of a singular notion of “communication.” The chapter reveals how the dominant view of communication, far from being universal, is a template based on a distinctly Western, individual-level notion of communication as separate senders and receivers. The dominance of the template has overshadowed critical dynamics of relational and holistic understandings of the communication experience found in many of the world’s intellectual heritages. In a radical break from national and culture-based models of communication that simply insert different behavior patterns into the individual-level template, the chapter sketches three relations-based logics of communication. Each logic—the Individual, the Relational, and the Holistic—contains distinctive elements that help create a comprehensive vision of the human communication experience. The chapter concludes with key take-away points for Boundary Spanners.
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Johnson, Cedric. "Trumpism, Policing, and the Problem of Surplus Population." In Labor in the Time of Trump, 169–88. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746598.003.0010.
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This chapter tackles the issues of mass incarceration and aggressive policing, and their impact on low-income communities and people of color. It places Trump's defense of police and denigration of Black Lives Matter into historical context. The chapter connects the rise of the carceral state with an ideology that pathologizes poverty, blames working-class and unemployed people for their failure to get rich, and defines an urban “underclass” as the problem. In this context, the chapter analyzes Trump's reverence for police as the “thin blue line” that separates civilization from chaos. Focusing its attention on the intersection between class and race, the chapter unpacks the logic that has motivated a long-standing effort to shift power and resources away from the working class and toward the corporate elite. It argues that liberal antiracist arguments misunderstand the class relations that underlie the current system of policing. The chapter concludes that labor groups have a crucial role to play in fighting police abuse and mass incarceration.
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Tonstad, Linn Marie. "The Entrepreneur and the Big Drag: Risky Affirmation in Capital’s Time." In Sexual Disorientations. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823277513.003.0011.
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Some theologians and queer theorists prescribe what this chapter terms the “ecstatic-ascetic subject of self-loss” as the only answer to the discontinuous autonomous subject of late modernity. Such thinkers miss the way the self is already shattered by the infinite demands placed on it by late capitalism: vulnerability, finitude, risk-taking, and failure are endemic to the global economic order and characteristic of the entrepreneurial self. Other strategies than the affirmation of these shared features of human existence are therefore needed to redirect capitalism’s pressures toward a better future. This chapter suggests that queer temporal relations with the demands of those who have gone before—lesbian-feminists, persons with HIV-AIDS, and others who refuse the logic of generational succession—can redirect the future beyond what global capitalism offers, without denying the reality of death and loss that characterizes finitude.
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El-Far, Gomaa Zaki. "Design of Robust Approach for Failure Detection in Dynamic Control Systems." In Recent Algorithms and Applications in Swarm Intelligence Research, 237–59. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2479-5.ch013.
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This paper presents a robust instrument fault detection (IFD) scheme based on modified immune mechanism based evolutionary algorithm (MIMEA) that determines on line the optimal control actions, detects faults quickly in the control process, and reconfigures the controller structure. To ensure the capability of the proposed MIMEA, repeating cycles of crossover, mutation, and clonally selection are included through the sampling time. This increases the ability of the proposed algorithm to reach the global optimum performance and optimize the controller parameters through a few generations. A fault diagnosis logic system is created based on the proposed algorithm, nonlinear decision functions, and its derivatives with respect to time. Threshold limits are implied to improve the system dynamics and sensitivity of the IFD scheme to the faults. The proposed algorithm is able to reconfigure the control law safely in all the situations. The presented false alarm rates are also clearly indicated. To illustrate the performance of the proposed MIMEA, it is applied successfully to tune and optimize the controller parameters of the nonlinear nuclear power reactor such that a robust behavior is obtained. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed IFD scheme based MIMEA in detecting and isolating the dynamic system faults.
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Kee, Ernie, and Martin Wortman. "PRA and Protective System Maintenance." In Nuclear Fission - From Fundamentals to Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110049.
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The processes used to manage protective system equipment failures as they relate to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) in the commercial nuclear power setting are reviewed. Efficacy of protection is governed by maintenance policy that includes system modification, maintenance inter-arrivals as a function of time, and upset inter-arrivals as a function of time. Such a maintenance policy is the one used in nuclear power plant protective systems. Observations described in this article include the impact of time-dependent activities associated with maintenance policy as they relate to endogenous and exogenous upset inter-arrival times. Methods evaluating maintenance policy reliant on combinatorial logic, such as PRA, fault trees, or event trees, may lead to ineffective maintenance policy decision-making for protective system efficacy. Recommendations for maintaining effective protections, and connections to engineering maintenance practice and regulations are made based on the implications that come from our observations. The importance of the issues described herein is that the relationship of design, maintenance, and repair policies must be properly understood and taken into account by process owners, operators, and investors, as well as regulators who specify and enforce protections in hazardous processes.
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Crandall, Russell. "Introduction." In Drugs and Thugs, 1–8. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300240344.003.0001.
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This chapter presents a comprehensive reckoning of one of America's longest-standing, most controversial, and least successful efforts in foreign and domestic policy. It focuses on the history, impact, and logic behind America's war on drugs. It also considers the entirety of the evidence amid a deeply polarized and highly selective discourse of the policies, controversies, failures, and successes on the war on drugs of the past several years. The chapter talks about the cost of the drug war that reached more than a trillion taxpayer dollars, which is roughly ten times the price tag of the Gulf War or three times that of World War I. It emphasizes how drugs produced domestically and abroad continue to proliferate despite decades of effort to eradicate them.
Conference papers on the topic "Timed Failure Logic"
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Parri, Jacopo, Samuele Sampietro, and Enrico Vicario. "FaultFlow: a tool supporting an MDE approach for Timed Failure Logic Analysis." In 2021 17th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edcc53658.2021.00011.
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Cohen, Joseph, Baoyang Jiang, and Jun Ni. "Fault Diagnosis of Timed Event Systems: An Exploration of Machine Learning Methods." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8360.
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Abstract Especially common in discrete manufacturing, timed event systems often require a high degree of synchronization for healthy operation. Discrete event system methods have been used as mathematical tools to detect known faults, but do not scale well for problems with extensive variability in the normal class. A hybridized discrete event and data-driven method is suggested to supplement fault diagnosis in the case where failure patterns are not known in advance. A unique fault diagnosis framework consisting of signal data from programmable logic controllers, a Timed Petri Net of the normal process behavior, and machine learning algorithms is presented to improve fault diagnosis of timed event systems. Various supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms are explored as the methodology is implemented to a case study in semiconductor manufacturing. State-of-the-art classifiers such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and random forests are implemented and compared for handling multi-fault diagnosis using programmable logic controller signal data. For unsupervised learning, classifiers based on principal component analysis utilizing major and minor principal components are compared for anomaly detection. The rule-based extreme random forest classifier achieves the highest validation accuracy of 98% for multi-fault classification. Likewise, the unsupervised learning approach shows similar success, yielding anomaly detection rates of 98% with false alarms under 3%. The industrial feasibility of this method is notable, with the results achieved with a training set 99% smaller than the supervised learning classifiers.
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Song, Zhigang, Felix Beaudoin, Stephen Lucarini, Stephen Wu, Yunyu Wang, Lior Arie, and Kobi Steiner. "Logic Yield Learning Vehicle Failure Analysis in Technology Development." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0520.
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Abstract With the microelectronic technology progresses in nanometer realm, like SRAM, logic circuits and structures are also becoming dense and more sensitive to process variation. Logic failures may have different root causes from SRAM failure. If these technology weak points for logic circuits are not detected and resolved during the technology development stage, they will greatly affect the product manufacturing yield ramp, leading to longer time of design to market. In this paper, we present a logic yield learning methodology based on an inline logic vehicle, which includes several scan chains of different latch types representative of product logic. Failure analysis for the low yield wafers had revealed several killer defects associated with logic circuits. A few examples of the systematic failures unique to logic circuits will be presented. In combination with SRAM yield learning, logic yield learning makes the technology development more robust thus improving manufacturability.
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Belardinelli, Francesco, and Vadim Malvone. "A Three-valued Approach to Strategic Abilities under Imperfect Information." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/10.
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A major challenge for logics for strategies is represented by their verification in contexts of imperfect information. In this contribution we advance the state of the art by approximating the verification of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL) under imperfect information by using perfect information and a three-valued semantics. In particular, we develop novel automata-theoretic techniques for the linear-time logic LTL, then apply these to finding “failure” states, where the ATL specification to be model checked is undefined. Such failure states can then be fed into a refinement procedure, thus providing a sound, albeit incomplete, verification procedure.
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Kerarmi, Abdelouadoud, Assia Kamal-idrissi, and Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni. "An Optimized Fuzzy Logic Model for Proactive Maintenance." In 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing and Applications. Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122303.
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Fuzzy logic has been proposed in previous studies for machine diagnosis, to overcome different drawbacks of the traditional diagnostic approaches used. Among these approaches Failure Mode and Effect Critical Analysis method(FMECA) attempts to identify potential modes and treat failures before they occur based on subjective expert judgments. Although several versions of fuzzy logic are used to improve FMECA or to replace it, since it is an extremely costintensive approach in terms of failure modes because it evaluates each one of them separately, these propositions have not explicitly focused on the combinatorial complexity nor justified the choice of membership functions in Fuzzy logic modeling. Within this context, we develop an optimization-based approach referred to Integrated Truth Table and Fuzzy Logic Model (ITTFLM) thats martly generates fuzzy logic rules using Truth Tables. The ITTFLM was tested on fan data collected in real-time from a plant machine. In the experiment, three types of membership functions (Triangular, Trapezoidal, and Gaussian) were used. The ITTFLM can generate outputs in 5ms, the results demonstrate that this model based on the Trapezoidal membership functions identifies the failure states with high accuracy, and its capability of dealing with large numbers of rules and thus meets the real-time constraints that usually impact user experience.
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Zhang, Chuan, Yinzhe Ma, Gregory Dabney, Oh Chong Khiam, and Esther P. Y. Chen. "Application of Conductive-AFM in Soft Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0327.
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Abstract Soft failures are among the most challenging yield detractors. They typically show test parameter sensitive characteristics, which would pass under certain test conditions but fail under other conditions. Conductive-atomic force microscopy (CAFM) emerged as an ideal solution for soft failure analysis that can balance the time and thoroughness. By inserting CAFM into the soft failure analysis flow, success rate of such type of analysis can be significantly enhanced. In this paper, a logic chain soft failure and a SRAM local bitline soft failure are used as examples to illustrate how this failure analysis methodology provides a powerful and efficient solution for soft failure analysis.
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Estores, Rommel, and Eric Barbian. "Single Shot Logic Patterns: Increasing Diagnostic Resolution of Logic Failures Utilizing Single Fault Targeting and Constraints." In ISTFA 2018. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2018p0449.
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Abstract ATPG diagnosis is an essential part in failure analysis and is proven to be an effective technique in isolating faults in the digital core. In many single failure cases however, ATPG diagnosis could yield either incorrect candidates or includes a large amount of equivalency which limits diagnostic resolution. While iterative ATPG diagnosis improves diagnostic resolution, there are many cases where the resolution is still insufficient. This paper will discuss a methodology that helps the analyst understand and complement ATPG diagnosis by using an approach called “single shot logic patterns”. New patterns that each target one singular fault in the area of interest provide the failure analyst with simplified analytical data. This process is repeated for each suspect candidate. The number of times a target fault is detected is increased for better resolution. Aggregating this analytical data with the layout and fan out of the net instances could provide greater resolution into the likely defective area. Furthermore, adding constraints can also be used to further simplify the test and/or control the fan out of failures. Only equivalencies where there is observable fan out can achieve greater diagnostic resolution. ATPG tools have been observed to not always maximize this fan out.
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Sanada, M. "A CAD-Based Approach to Failure Diagnosis of CMOSLSI with Single Fault Using Abnormal IDDQ." In ISTFA 1997. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0015.
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Abstract A CAD-based fault diagnosis technique for CMOS-LSI with single fault using abnormal IDDQ has been developed to indicate the presence of physical damage in a circuit. This method of progressively reducingthe faulty portion, works by extracting the inner logic state of each block from logic simulation, and by deriving test vector numbers with abnormal IDDQ. To easily perform fault diagnosis, the hierarchical circuit structure is divided into primitive blocks including simple logic gates. The diagnosis technique employs the comparative operation of each primitive block to determine whether one and the same inner logic state with abnormal IDDQ exists in the inner logic state with normal IDDQ or not. The former block is regarded as normal block and the latter block is regarded as faulty block. The fault of the faulty block can be localized easily by using input logic state simulation. Experimental results on real faulty LSI with 100k gates demonstrated rapid diagnosis times of within ten hours ani reliable extraction of the fault location.
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Cain, B. J., G. L. Woods, A. Syed, R. Herlein, and Toshihiro Nomura. "Analog Circuit Failure Analysis Using Time-Resolved Emission." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0363.
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Abstract Time-Resolved Emission (TRE) is a popular technique for non-invasive acquisition of time-domain waveforms from active nodes through the backside of an integrated circuit. [1] State-of-the art TRE systems offer high bandwidths (> 5 GHz), excellent spatial resolution (0.25um), and complete visibility of all nodes on the chip. TRE waveforms are typically used for detecting incorrect signal levels, race conditions, and/or timing faults with resolution of a few ps. However, extracting the exact voltage behavior from a TRE waveform is usually difficult because dynamic photon emission is a highly nonlinear process. This has limited the perceived utility of TRE in diagnosing analog circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate extraction of voltage waveforms in passing and failing conditions from a small-swing, differential logic circuit. The voltage waveforms obtained were crucial in corroborating a theory for some failures inside an 0.18um ASIC.
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Edmonds, Mary, Thaddeus Cox, John Markulin, and Martin von Haartman. "Selective Dry Etch Removal of Si and SiOxNy for Advanced Electron Beam Probing Applications." In ISTFA 2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0414.
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Abstract This paper presents a die-level sample preparation technique that uses selective etch chemistry and laser interferometry to expose the entire top metal layer surface for electrical fault isolation. It also describes a novel e-beam based probing technique called StaMPS which is used to isolate logic structure failures through SEM image contrasts. By landing SEM probe tips on exposed metal pads and controlling logic states via an applied bias, different levels of contrast are created highlighting structural failure locations. Die-level sample preparation combined with e-beam fault isolation optimizes turnaround time by delayering die in less than an hour and by locating several types of defects in a single sample.