Relevant bibliographies by topics / Time-Varying Effects

Academic literature on the topic 'Time-Varying Effects'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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Bandi, Federico M., and Roberto Renò. "Time-varying leverage effects." Journal of Econometrics 169, no. 1 (July 2012): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.01.010.

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Tanaka, Shiro, Yutaka Matsuyama, Masataka Shiraki, and Yasuo Ohashi. "Estimating the Effects of Time-Varying Treatments." Epidemiology 18, no. 5 (September 2007): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181271ae2.

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LEONOV, G. A., and N. V. KUZNETSOV. "TIME-VARYING LINEARIZATION AND THE PERRON EFFECTS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 04 (April 2007): 1079–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407017732.

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Brand, Jennie E., and Yu Xie. "11. Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects with Time-Varying Treatments and Time-Varying Outcomes." Sociological Methodology 37, no. 1 (August 2007): 393–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2007.00185.x.

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We develop an approach to identifying and estimating causal effects in longitudinal settings with time-varying treatments and time-varying outcomes. The classic potential outcome approach to causal inference generally involves two time periods: units of analysis are exposed to one of two possible values of the causal variable, treatment or control, at a given point in time, and values for an outcome are assessed some time subsequent to exposure. In this paper, we develop a potential outcome approach for longitudinal situations in which both exposure to treatment and the effects of treatment are time-varying. In this longitudinal setting, the research interest centers not on only two potential outcomes, but on a whole matrix of potential outcomes, requiring a complicated conceptualization of many potential counterfactuals. Motivated by sociological applications, we develop a simplification scheme—a weighted composite causal effect that allows identification and estimation of effects with a number of possible solutions. Our approach is illustrated via an analysis of the effects of disability on subsequent employment status using panel data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.
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Dekker, Friedo W., Renée de Mutsert, Paul C. van Dijk, Carmine Zoccali, and Kitty J. Jager. "Survival analysis: time-dependent effects and time-varying risk factors." Kidney International 74, no. 8 (October 2008): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2008.328.

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Ruhe, Constantin. "Quantifying Change Over Time: Interpreting Time-varying Effects In Duration Analyses." Political Analysis 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.35.

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Duration analyses in political science often model nonproportional hazards through interactions with analysis time. To facilitate their interpretation, methodologists have proposed methods to visualize time-varying coefficients or hazard ratios. While these techniques are a useful, initial postestimation step, I argue that they are insufficient to identify the overall impact of a time-varying effect and may lead to faulty inference when a coefficient changes its sign. I show how even significant changes of a coefficient’s sign do not imply that the overall effect is reversed over time. In order to enable a correct interpretation of time-varying effects in this context, researchers should visualize their results with survivor functions. I outline how survivor functions are calculated for models with time-varying effects and demonstrate the need for such a nuanced interpretation using the prominent finding of a time-varying effect of mediation on interstate conflict. The reanalysis of the data using the proposed visualization methods indicates that the conclusions of earlier mediation research are misleading. The example highlights how survivor functions are an essential tool to clarify the ambiguity inherent in time-varying coefficients in event history models.
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McShane, Michael, and Trung Nguyen. "Time-varying effects of cyberattacks on firm value." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 45, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 580–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41288-020-00170-x.

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Balli, Hatice Ozer, Faruk Balli, and Rosmy Jean Louis. "Time-Varying Spillover Effects on Sectoral Equity Returns." International Review of Finance 13, no. 1 (November 8, 2011): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2443.2011.01143.x.

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Benchimol, Jonathan, and Irfan Qureshi. "Time-varying money demand and real balance effects." Economic Modelling 87 (May 2020): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.07.020.

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Sauerbrei, Willi, Patrick Royston, and Norbert Holländer. "S41.3: Modelling time-varying effects in survival data." Biometrical Journal 46, S1 (March 2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200490296.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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Nwoko, Onyekachi Esther. "Approaches for Handling Time-Varying Covariates in Survival Models." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31187.

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Survival models are used in analysing time-to-event data. This type of data is very common in medical research. The Cox proportional hazard model is commonly used in analysing time-to-event data. However, this model is based on the proportional hazard (PH) assumption. Violation of this assumption often leads to biased results and inferences. Once non-proportionality is established, there is a need to consider time-varying effects of the covariates. Several models have been developed that relax the proportionality assumption making it possible to analyse data with time-varying effects of both baseline and time-updated covariates. I present various approaches for handling time-varying covariates and time-varying effects in time-to-event models. They include the extended Cox model which handles exogenous time-dependent covariates using the counting process formulation introduced by cite{andersen1982cox}. Andersen and Gill accounts for time varying covariates by each individual having multiple observations with the total-at-risk follow up for each individual being further divided into smaller time intervals. The joint models for the longitudinal and time-to-event processes and its extensions (parametrization and multivariate joint models) were used as it handles endogenous time-varying covariates appropriately. Another is the Aalen model, an additive model which accounts for time-varying effects. However, there are situations where all the covariates of interest do not have time-varying effects. Hence, the semi-parametric additive model can be used. In conclusion, comparisons are made on the results of all the fitted models and it shows that choice of a particular model to fit is influenced by the aim and objectives of fitting the model. In 2002, an AntiRetroviral Treatment (ART) service was established in the Cape Town township of Gugulethu, South Africa. These models will be applied to an HIV/AIDS observational dataset obtained from all patients who initiated ART within the programme between September 2002 and June 2007.
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Kita, Hajime. "STUDIES ON ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TIME-VARYING PRICING IN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Kyoto University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/154649.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
工学博士
乙第7405号
論工博第2432号
新制||工||829(附属図書館)
UT51-91-C138
(主査)教授 西川 禕一, 教授 若林 二郎, 教授 荒木 光彦
学位規則第5条第2項該当
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Salinas, Manuel. "Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: A Study of Time Varying Effects and Sample Geometry." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/522.

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Mechanical conditioning has been shown to promote tissue formation in a wide variety of tissue engineering efforts. However the underlying mechanisms by which external mechanical stimuli regulate cells and tissues are not known. This is particularly relevant in the area of heart valve tissue engineering owing to the intense hemodynamic environments that surround native valves. Some studies suggest that oscillatory shear stress (OSS) caused by time-varying flow environments, play a critical role in engineered tissue formation derived from bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs). There is strong evidence to support this hypothesis in tissue engineering studies of bone. From observing native heart valve dynamics, OSS can be created by means of pulsatility or by cyclic specimen geometry changes. However, quantification of the individual or combined effects of these variables for the maximization of OSS environments in vitro is to date, not known. Accordingly, in this study we examined and quantified the role that i) physiologically relevant scales of pulsatility and ii) changes in geometry as a function of specimen flexure, have in creating OSS conditions for dynamic culture of tissue. A u-shaped custom made bioreactor capable of producing flow stretch and flexure was used. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed through Ansys CFX (Ansys, Pittsburgh, PA) for both steady and pulsatile flow. We have shown that OSS can be maximized by inducing pulsatile flow over straight scaffolds. We believe that OSS promotes BMSCs tissue formation.
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Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia, Stefan Pittner, Andrea Weber, and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer. "Analysing plant closure effects using time-varying mixture-of-experts Markov chain clustering." Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/17-AOAS1132.

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In this paper we study data on discrete labor market transitions from Austria. In particular, we follow the careers of workers who experience a job displacement due to plant closure and observe - over a period of 40 quarters - whether these workers manage to return to a steady career path. To analyse these discrete-valued panel data, we apply a new method of Bayesian Markov chain clustering analysis based on inhomogeneous first order Markov transition processes with time-varying transition matrices. In addition, a mixtureof- experts approach allows us to model the probability of belonging to a certain cluster as depending on a set of covariates via a multinomial logit model. Our cluster analysis identifies five career patterns after plant closure and reveals that some workers cope quite easily with a job loss whereas others suffer large losses over extended periods of time.
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Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre. "Flexible modelling for the cumulative effects of time-varying exposure, weighted by recency, on the hazard." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111917.

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Many epidemiological studies assess the effects of time-dependent exposures, where both the exposure status and its intensity vary over time. The analysis of such studies poses the challenge of modelling the association between complex time-dependent drug exposure and the risk, especially given the uncertainty about the etiological relevance of doses taken in different time periods.
To address this challenge, I developed a flexible method for modelling cumulative effects of time-varying exposures, weighted by recency, represented by time-dependent covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model. The function that assigns weights to doses taken in the past is estimated using cubic regression splines. Models with different number of knots and constraints are estimated. Bootstrap techniques are used to obtain pointwise confidence bands around the weight functions, accounting for both the sampling variation of the regression coefficients, and the uncertainty at the model selection stage, i.e. the additional variance due to a posteriori selection of the number of knots.
To assess the method in simulations, I had to develop and validate a novel algorithm to generate event times conditional on time-dependent covariates and compared it with the algorithms available in the literature. The proposed algorithm extends a previously proposed permutational algorithm to include a rejection sampler. While all the algorithms generated data sets that, once analyzed, provided virtually unbiased estimates with comparable variances, the algorithm that I proposed reduced the computational time by more than 50 per cent relative to alternative methods. I used simulations to systematically investigate the properties of the weighted cumulative dose method. Six different weight functions were considered. Simulations showed that in most situations, the proposed method was able to capture the shape of the true weight functions and to produce estimates of the magnitude of the exposure effect on the risk that were close to those used to generate the data. I finally illustrated the use of the weighted cumulative dose modelling by reassessing the association between the use of selected benzodiazepines and fall-related injuries, using administrative data on a cohort of elderly who initiated their use of benzodiazepines between 1990 and 2004.
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Hori, Kazuki. "Disaggregating Within-Person and Between-Person Effects in the Presence of Linear Time Trends in Time-Varying Predictors: Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103624.

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Educational researchers are often interested in phenomena that unfold over time within a person and at the same time, relationships between their characteristics that are stable over time. Since variables in a longitudinal study reflect both within- and between-person effects, researchers need to disaggregate them to understand the phenomenon of interest correctly. Although the person-mean centering technique has been believed as the gold standard of the disaggregation method, recent studies found that the centering did not work when there was a trend in the predictor. Hence, they proposed some detrending techniques to remove the systematic change; however, they were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, this dissertation develops novel detrending methods based on structural equation modeling (SEM). It also establishes the links between centering and detrending by reviewing a broad range of literature. The proposed SEM-based detrending methods are compared to the existing centering and detrending methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictors or outcomes leads to large bias of and standard error, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the within- and between-person effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) for unbiased estimation of the effects, models with latent between-person predictors require nonzero growth factor variances, while those with observed predictors at the between level need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some practical recommendations are provided based on the findings of the present study.
Doctor of Philosophy
Educational researchers are often interested in longitudinal phenomena within a person and relations between the person's characteristics. Since repeatedly measured variables reflect their within- and between-person aspects, researchers need to disaggregate them statistically to understand the phenomenon of interest. Recent studies found that the traditional centering method, where the individual's average of a predictor was subtracted from the original predictor value, could not correctly disentangle the within- and between-person effects when the predictor showed a systematic change over time (i.e., trend). They proposed some techniques to remove the trend; however, the detrending methods were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, the present study develops novel detrending methods using structural equation modeling. The proposed models are compared to the existing methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, where we can manipulate a data-generating model and its parameter values. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictor or outcome leads to systematic deviation of the estimates from their true values, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) the latent predictor models require nonzero growth factor variances for unbiased estimation, while the observed predictor models need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some recommendations for the practitioners are provided.
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Pereira, Manuel Bernardo Videira Coutinho Rodrigues. "Effects of fiscal policy: measurement issues and structural change." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3431.

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Doutoramento em Economia
Considerable uncertainty surrounds the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy. The re-search presented in this dissertation firstly aims at improving on the methods used to measure such effects - which feature vector autoregressions (VARs) as the basic tool. The investigation is partly carried out using structural VARs. The methodological innova¬tions in that part concern the joint identification of fiscal shocks vis-a-vis monetary policy shocks and the estimation of a model with time-varying parameters using a non-recursive identification scheme. I also use reduced-form VARs to assess the effects of a novel shock measure, derived from budget forecasts, that is arguably free of anticipatory movements. The second aim of the dissertation is to present empirical results for the US, focusing on the way the impacts of the government budget on the economy have changed over time. The thesis is divided into three essays. In the first one, I present evidence that taxes and transfers were the most important force attenuating the severity of recessions up to the eighties, surpassing the role of monetary policy. Fiscal policy has, however, become less effective in stimulating output in the course of the last decades. The findings in the second and the third essays corroborate this conclusion. Such a change in effectiveness is particularly marked for the shock measure that is relatively unaffected by anticipation, which features multipliers with non-conventional signs in the recent period. In general, these findings call for more research on the factors that intervene in the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy and can bring about important variation in its impacts.
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Hwang, Mark I. (Mark Ing-Hwa). "An investigation of the effects of presentation format and time pressure on decision makers performing tasks of varying complexitites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332854/.

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The primary objective of this study was to determine which presentation format leads to better decision performance when the decision maker solving a problem of certain complexity is experiencing a certain level of time pressure.
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Schricker, Ezra. "The Indirect Effects of Mediation: A Dynamic Model of Mediation and Conflict." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468844108.

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Bohnert, Julia [Verfasser], and O. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dössel. "Effects of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields in the Frequency Range 1 kHz to 100 kHz upon the Human Body : Numerical Studies and Stimulation Experiment / Julia Bohnert ; Betreuer: O. Dössel." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1184494185/34.

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Books on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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S̆imunić, Dina. Thermal and stimutalting effects of time-varying magnetic fields during MRI. Aachen: Shaker, 1995.

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Cho, Young-Hye. Time-varying betas and asymmetric effects of news: Empirical analysis of blue chip stocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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J, Gordon Robert. The time-varying nairu its implications for economic policy. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Lanza, Stephanie T., and Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael. Time-Varying Effect Modeling for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70944-0.

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Conway, Roger K. Is the Phillips curve stable?: A time-varying parameter approach. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resource Economics Division, 1987.

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Conway, Roger K. Is the Phillips curve stable?: A time-varying parameter approach. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resource Economics Division, 1987.

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Conway, Roger K. Is the Phillips curve stable?: A time-varying parameter approach. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resource Economics Division, 1987.

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J, Gordon Robert. The time-varying NAIRU and its implications for economic policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Portugal, Pedro. Short- and long-term joblessness: A semi-parametric model with time- varying effects. University of Hull. Department of Economics, 1996.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells. Independently Published, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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West, Mike, and Mark Berliner. "Modelling Time-Varying Hazards and Covariate Effects." In Survival Analysis: State of the Art, 47–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7983-4_4.

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Smith, F. T. "Non-Linear Effects and Non-Parallel Flows: The Collapse of Separate Motion." In Stability of Time Dependent and Spatially Varying Flows, 104–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4724-1_7.

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Joshi, Ravi. "Probing Potential for Cellular Stimulation by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields." In Ultrashort Electric Pulse Effects in Biology and Medicine, 327–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5113-5_14.

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Agranovsky, Alexy, Harald Obermaier, and Kenneth I. Joy. "A Framework for the Visualization of Finite-Time Continuum Mechanics Effects in Time-Varying Flow." In Advances in Visual Computing, 349–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41939-3_34.

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Breu, Dominik A., Christian Holden, and Thor I. Fossen. "Ship Model for Parametric Roll Incorporating the Effects of Time-Varying Speed." In Parametric Resonance in Dynamical Systems, 167–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1043-0_9.

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Ndou, Eliphas, Nombulelo Gumata, and Mthokozisi Mncedisi Tshuma. "Monetary Policy Credibility and the Time-Varying Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Consumer Price Inflation." In Exchange Rate, Second Round Effects and Inflation Processes, 83–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13932-2_7.

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Li, Dandan, Mei Sun, Dun Han, and Anna Gao. "Consensus Analysis of Multi-Agent System with Impulsive Effects and Time-Varying Delays." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 41–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38524-7_5.

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Addison, John T., and Pedro Portugal. "Short- and Long-Term Unemployment: A Discrete Duration Model with Time-Varying Covariate Effects." In Labor Markets and Social Security, 105–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24780-7_6.

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Chng, Michael T., and Gerard L. Gannon. "The Trading Performance of Dynamic Hedging Models: Time Varying Covariance and Volatility Transmission Effects." In Encyclopedia of Finance, 1411–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91231-4_61.

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Chng, Michael T., and Gerard L. Gannon. "The Trading Performance of Dynamic Hedging Models: Time Varying Covariance and Volatility Transmission Effects." In Encyclopedia of Finance, 713–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5360-4_61.

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Conference papers on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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Liu, Ruoqi, Changchang Yin, and Ping Zhang. "Estimating Individual Treatment Effects with Time-Varying Confounders." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm50108.2020.00047.

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Filippi, Alessio, Sri Husen, and Paul Voorthuisen. "Effects of Time Synchronization on OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels." In 2006 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2006.253955.

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Mitchell, David, Thomas Nicoll, David Klyde, and Chase Schulze. "Effects of Time-Varying Rotorcraft Dynamics on Pilot Control." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6055.

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Cecconello, E., E. G. Asgedom, and W. Söllner. "Removal of Time-varying Sea Surface Effects from Seismic Data." In 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801452.

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Cooper, Darby, Jeffrey Lasater, Robert Sternowski, and William Byrd. "Measuring time-varying propagation effects for LEO satellite communication systems." In 18th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-1157.

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Hoke, Charles M., John Young, and Joseph Lai. "Time-varying Flexible Airfoil Shape Effects on Flapping Airfoil Power Extraction." In 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1217.

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Stankovski, Tomislav, Dwain L. Eckberg, and Aneta Stefanovska. "The effects of time-varying breathing on human neurophysiological and cardiovascular mechanisms." In 2014 8th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations (ESGCO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esgco.2014.6847582.

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Wu, Sau-hsuan. "Effects of Estimation Errors on the Noncoherent Capacity Over Time-Varying Channels." In IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcf.2006.356.

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Rinaldi, Carlos, June-Ho Lee, Adam D. Rosenthal, Thomas Franklin, and Markus Zahn. "Ferrohydrodynamics in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32275.

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Measurements of magnetic-field-induced ferrofluid flow and torque in uniform rotating magnetic fields are presented and compared to theoretical analyses in order to understand observed paradoxical behavior. The viscous torque from this fluid flow is measured using a cylindrical Couette viscometer, as a function of magnetic field amplitude, frequency, and direction of rotation. The first set of experiments measures the torque on the outer wall of a polycarbonate spindle that is attached to a viscometer, which functions as a torque meter. The spindle is immersed in the ferrofluid, which is centered in the gap of a three-phase AC 2-pole motor stator winding. Anomalous behavior, such as negative effective viscosity, is demonstrated and discussed. The second set of experiments measures the viscous torque on the inner wall of a hollow spindle attached to the torque meter and filled completely with ferrofluid so that there is no free surface. These measurements show that magnetic fluid effects arise even in the absence of free surfaces. These observations are then shown to agree with a recently derived analysis of spin-up flow in ferrofluids.
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Yang, Fulun, Bi Zhang, and Junyi Yu. "Chatter Suppression With Multiple Time-Varying Parameters in Turning." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0679.

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Abstract This paper presents a new method, multiple time-varying parameter (MTVP) turning for chatter suppression. Compared to the single time-varying parameter (STVP) turning, the new method uses both time-varying spindle speed and time-varying rake angle to suppress chatter. The paper provides theoretical analyses on the MTVP turning and experimental results to justify the analytical results. It compares the effects of chatter suppression between the MTVP and STVP turnings, and discusses the possible mechanisms of chatter suppression. The paper then concludes that the MTVP turning method is more effective in chatter suppression than the STVP turning method because of the combined effect of the multiple time-varying parameters. It is demonstrated that the MTVP turning method can suppress chatter by 80%, and can be applied to suppress all kinds of chatter in a machining process.
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Reports on the topic "Time-Varying Effects"

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Hauzenberger, Niko, Florian Huber, Gary Koop, and James Mitchell. Bayesian modeling of time-varying parameters using regression trees. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202305.

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In light of widespread evidence of parameter instability in macroeconomic models, many time-varying parameter (TVP) models have been proposed. This paper proposes a nonparametric TVP-VAR model using Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). The novelty of this model stems from the fact that the law of motion driving the parameters is treated nonparametrically. This leads to great flexibility in the nature and extent of parameter change, both in the conditional mean and in the conditional variance. In contrast to other nonparametric and machine learning methods that are black box, inference using our model is straightforward because, in treating the parameters rather than the variables nonparametrically, the model remains conditionally linear in the mean. Parsimony is achieved through adopting nonparametric factor structures and use of shrinkage priors. In an application to US macroeconomic data, we illustrate the use of our model in tracking both the evolving nature of the Phillips curve and how the effects of business cycle shocks on inflationary measures vary nonlinearly with movements in uncertainty.
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Heresi, Rodrigo, and Andrew Powell. Corporate Debt and Investment in the Post-Covid World. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004464.

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We study the relationship between corporate debt, corporate risk and firm-level investment, using a sample of 25,000 listed companies across 47 countries over the last two decades. We find higher leverage reduces investment but show the effect varies with risk, as measured by firm time-varying distance to default. Firms with higher market valuations and lower volatility do not suffer a debt overhang at all, while the effect is exacerbated for riskier firms. Debt overhang effects worsen significantly in economic crises, and the effects may persist for two to three years after the shock. Given the rise in corporate leverage observed during the last decade and as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, physical investment is expected to remain at low levels for some years to come, with impacts varying considerably depending on the economic sector and other risk determinants.
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Gabriel, Ricardo. Monetary Policy and the Wage Inflation-Unemployment Tradeoff. APHES Working Paper in Economic and Social History, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55462/wpaphes_a_504.

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Using newly assembled data for 18 advanced economies between 1870 and 2020, I study how monetary policy affects wage inflation and unemployment and document two key findings regarding their tradeoff. First, the wage Phillips curve displays a time-varying slope. Second, the tradeoff becomes weaker in low price inflation environments due to a more pronounced unemployment response to monetary policy. These findings lend support to the idea that monetary policy has state-dependent effects with the central banks’ ability in exploring the tradeoff being impaired by a low price inflation environment.
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Cho, Young-Hye, and Robert Engle. Time-Varying Betas and Asymmetric Effect of News: Empirical Analysis of Blue Chip Stocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7330.

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5

Gu, Yuanyuan, and Jhorland Ayala-García. Emigration and Tax Revenue. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.312.

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According to the World Migration Report 2020, the number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 272 million in 2019, accounting for 3.5% of the world’s population. This paper investigates the aggregated effect of emigration on the tax revenue of sending countries with a focus on developing nations. Using a gravity approach, we construct a time-varying exogenous instrument out of geographic time-invariant dyadic characteristics that allow us to estimate the predicted emigration rate for every country. Then, we follow an instrumental variable approach where we use our predicted emigration rate as an instrument of the observed migration rate. The results show that the predicted emigration rate is a good instrument of the current emigration rate for developing countries, and that there is a positive aggregated effect of emigration on tax revenue of sending countries. The results vary depending on the type of tax: emigration increases goods and services tax revenue, but it decreases income, profit, and capital gains tax revenue.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.

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Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
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8

Time-varying linear transformation models with fixed effects and endogeneity for short panels. Cemmap, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47004/wp.cem.2022.0622.

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