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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Time perception'
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1
Rhodes, Darren. "Bayesian time perception." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6608/.
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Time is an elemental dimension of human perception, cognition and action. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the computational basis for the processing of temporal information remains unknown. This thesis aims to understand the mechanisms underlying the perceived timing of stimuli. We propose a novel Bayesian model of when stimuli are perceived that is consistent with the predictive coding framework – such a perspective to how the brain deals with temporal information forms the core of this thesis. We theorize that that the brain takes prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) and combines it with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate a percept of perceived timing (posterior distribution). In Chapters 2-4, we use human psychophysics to show that the brain may bias perception such that slightly irregularly timed stimuli as reported as more regular. In Chapter 3, we show how an environment of irregularity can cause regularly timed sequences to be perceived as irregular whilst Chapter 4 shows how changes in the reliability of a signal can cause an increased attraction towards expectation.
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Lewis, Penelope A. "Neural mechanisms of time perception." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394035.
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Alexander, Iona. "Neural aspects of time perception." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418556.
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Liu, Chong. "Reinforcement learning with time perception." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reinforcement-learning-with-time-perception(a03580bd-2dd6-4172-a061-90e8ac3022b8).html.
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Classical value estimation reinforcement learning algorithms do not perform very well in dynamic environments. On the other hand, the reinforcement learning of animals is quite flexible: they can adapt to dynamic environments very quickly and deal with noisy inputs very effectively. One feature that may contribute to animals' good performance in dynamic environments is that they learn and perceive the time to reward. In this research, we attempt to learn and perceive the time to reward and explore situations where the learned time information can be used to improve the performance of the learning agent in dynamic environments. The type of dynamic environments that we are interested in is that type of switching environment which stays the same for a long time, then changes abruptly, and then holds for a long time before another change. The type of dynamics that we mainly focus on is the time to reward, though we also extend the ideas to learning and perceiving other criteria of optimality, e.g. the discounted return, so that they can still work even when the amount of reward may also change. Specifically, both the mean and variance of the time to reward are learned and then used to detect changes in the environment and to decide whether the agent should give up a suboptimal action. When a change in the environment is detected, the learning agent responds specifically to the change in order to recover quickly from it. When it is found that the current action is still worse than the optimal one, the agent gives up this time's exploration of the action and then remakes its decision in order to avoid longer than necessary exploration. The results of our experiments using two real-world problems show that they have effectively sped up learning, reduced the time taken to recover from environmental changes, and improved the performance of the agent after the learning converges in most of the test cases compared with classical value estimation reinforcement learning algorithms. In addition, we have successfully used spiking neurons to implement various phenomena of classical conditioning, the simplest form of animal reinforcement learning in dynamic environments, and also pointed out a possible implementation of instrumental conditioning and general reinforcement learning using similar models.
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Berge, Håvard. "Time-variable scene quality perception tests." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9011.
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Plan and carry out perception tests of time-varying scene composition, spatial and temporal resolution of scene objects, respectively, as defined in DMP. Base the time-variation on short time intervals of only tenths of milliseconds. Use and extend test setup as in 'The Hems Lab - Perceptual test of scene objects with variable temporal resolution' project, autumn 2008. Find an economic model that can be used to help businesses assess market potential of new technology (software, hardware) and show how this can be used in a DMP setting.
6
Jia, Lina. "Crossmodal emotional modulation of time perception." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-165138.
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The thesis that consists of three studies investigated how visual affective stimuli or action as contexts influence crossmodal time processing, particularly on the role of the crossmodal/sensorimotor linkage in time perception. By using different types of emotional stimuli (e.g., threat, disgust, and neutral pictures) and manipulating the possibility of near-body interactions, three studies disassociated the impacts of embodied action from emotional dimensions (arousal and valence) on crossmodal emotional modulation in time perception. The whole thesis thus offered the first behavioral evidence that embodied action is an important factor that expands subjective tactile duration and facilitates tactile selection (modality-specific temporal processing) in emotion and action contexts. Moreover, subjective expansion of duration by threat and action contexts may reflect the evolutionary coupling of our perceptual and motor systems to adapt to the specific environments for survival and success.
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Quinn, Sandra. "The perception of time in music." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17763.
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This thesis is concerned with the perception of time in music with emphasis on tempo, emotion and time perception in music. Three studies were conducted to assess whether listeners were able to make consistent judgements about tempo that varied from piece to piece. Listeners heard short extracts of Scottish music played at a range of tempi and were asked to make a two alternative forced choice of 'too fast' or 'too slow' for each extract. The responses for each study were plotted as proportion too fast responses as a function of tempo for each piece, and cumulative normal curves were fitted to each data set. The point where these curves cross 0.5 is the tempo at which the music sounds right to the listeners, referred to as the optimal tempo. The results from each study show that listeners are capable of making consistent tempo judgements and that the optimal tempo varies across extracts. The results also revealed that rhythm plays a role, but not the only role in making temporal judgements. In the previous studies, it is possible that listeners might be using an average tempo from previously heard extracts to make every subsequent response. We wanted to assess this by presenting a single stimulus per participant and therefore remove any effects of the context on participant's responses. Using this technique we shall show that listeners can make 'too fast' and 'too slow' responses that are independent of previously heard extracts. In addition the data reveal similar results to those found in the first experimental chapter. The 3rd chapter deals with the effect of changes in the tempo of music on the perception of happy and sadness. Listeners heard short extracts of music that varied in tempo and were asked to make a 2AFC of happy or sad for each extract. Separate psychometric functions were obtained for each extract of music, and the points where these crossed 83% and 17% happy were calculated, and treated as happy tempo and sad tempo respectively. The results show that most extracts can be perceived as both happy and sad just by varying the tempo. However, the tempo at which extracts become happy or sad varies widely from extract to extract. We show that the sad and happy tempi are related to the size of the intervals (pitch changes) in the extract. In considering what might be involved in the perception of time in music we wanted to assess what effect small changes to a stimulus would have on perceived duration. We presented 2 auditory stimuli and show that the perceived duration of the test stimulus with a change in pitch increased as the size of the pitch change increased. The results are explained in terms of event strength where strong events cause perceived duration to increase whilst weak events are perceived to be shorter by comparison.
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Ayhan, I. "Vision-based mechanisms of time perception." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/623426/.
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Perceived duration of brief intervals can be altered in a specific spatial location in the visual field by adaptation to oscillatory motion or flicker (Johnston et al, 2006, 2008). In the first experiment here, the spatial tuning of adaptation-based temporal distortions was investigated by varying the spatial separation of adaptor and test. It was found that adaptation-based apparent duration compression is tightly tuned to the location of the adaptor and that the effects of adaptation on perceived duration are dissociable from those on temporal frequency although the spatial tuning of these effects was similar. In a second experiment, the frame of reference (retinotopic versus spatiotopic) of adaptation effects was investigated using pursuit and saccadic paradigms. It was observed a robust time compression following a purely retinotopic adaptation. In two different saccadic paradigms, no significant effect was observed after spatiotopic adaptation. No interocular transfer was found. In a third experiment, the effect of the luminance signal on adaptationbased duration compression was investigated using luminance-modulated and isoluminant stimuli. It was shown that the apparent duration compression following temporal frequency adaptation is specific to luminance-modulated stimuli and that the effect disappears at isoluminance. The differences in visibility between luminance-modulated and isoluminant stimuli could not explain the discrepancy. At isoluminance, duration compression was recovered for chromatic backgrounds. The final experiments investigated the effect of simultaneous surrounds on the perceived duration of inner patches. It was found that perceived duration of a mid-temporal frequency counterphase modulated flicker is almost significantly expanded if embedded within a high temporal frequency context; whereas a low temporal frequency context can only induce a mild expansion. In an adaptation paradigm, counterphase modulated flicker was found to induce smaller duration compression compared to drifting stimuli. These results provide further evidence for a difference between mechanisms modulating duration and temporal frequency.
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Milan, Stephen. "Children's perception and understanding of time." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561120.
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Empirical work investigating children's temporal representations has included investigations of children's awareness of the past, present and future; their understanding of temporal order and their representation of duration. Previous work on children's temporal awareness leads to the question of whether children can access cognitive representations of durations in situations where the temporal aspects of the task are not made directly apparent either in the information given prior to stimulus presentation or in the subsequent question. There is very little evidence to indicate whether these representations might be accessed in the absence of any specific reference to the temporal aspects of the procedure. The empirical work in this thesis focuses on children's developing representation of duration in a procedure that avoids making specific reference to the temporal aspects of the task, in a context more closely analogous to their real world experiences where durations occur in the absence of salient prompts and cues. Results Data from over three hundred children who participated in the seven experiments in this series are encouraging and suggest that by the age of six years children do become able to differentially represent durations of 10 and 25 seconds in a procedure where no explicit reference was made to the temporal aspects of the experience, and the ability to differentially represent durations of 25 and 40 seconds, in this context, emerges later in development, at around eight years of age. 2 Conclusions This series 0 xperiments indicates that by six years of age children are able to represent durations in the absence of explicit reference to the temporal aspect of the task, and they are able to differentially represent durations of 10 and 25 seconds. Around eight years of age they are able to differentially represent durations of 25 and 40 seconds However whilst these findings indicate that children of six years and above may be able to differentially represent durations in this range.the inconsistencies in performance in the series of experiments suggest that the ability may be fragile. Whilst children in this age range are able to demonstrate the ability to code durations the limiting factors on their ability to do so in real world contexts remain unclear. Short abstract. Word count: 363.
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Agostino, Camila Silveira. "Time-intervals perception in intertemporal choice." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Huang, Harriette Yung-Wei Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Clock time: process and representation." Ottawa, 1992.
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Karanka, Joni. "Learning in binocular time-to-contact perception." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54808/.
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Time-to-contact (TTC) is defined as the remaining time for an object to reach the observer. This is an important quantity for timing an action such as hitting or catching a ball. This thesis deals with learning processes in TTC perception when binocular vision is available. Chapter 1 studies the learning of TTC in relative discrimination tasks. We did not find learning in this task, but we found that simple correlates of TTC explained the judgments made by the participants. Chapter 2 studies the learning of TTC in absolute estimation tasks. We found that the variable and constant error of the responses reduced with training. Chapter 3 studied the use of feedback in calibrating the timing of TTC estimates. We found that biased timing produced changes in the constant error, suggesting that TTC calibration is guided by feedback. Chapter 4 studied if the reduction of variable error was due to an increased perceptual sensitivity to TTC. However, we failed to find transfer from the absolute estimation tasks to relative discrimination tasks, suggesting that the learning found in Chapter 2 might not be of perceptual origin. In Chapter 5 we studied a large group of participants in laboratory tasks and a natural hitting task. We found that the performance in relative discrimination and absolute estimation tasks could be used to predict hitting skill. This suggests that the perception of TTC can be linked with interceptive timing. Taken together, these results suggest that perceptual sensitivity to TTC changes slightly -if at all- with training, but changes in perceptuo-motor mapping and calibration of the estimates that increase interceptive performance do take place.
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Corvi, Andrea P. "Subjective Time Perception Predicts Delay of Gratification." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291765358.
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Kwok, Chung Tin. "Robust real-time perception for mobile robots /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7017.
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MOSCATELLI, ALESSANDRO. "Behavioural studies on the perception of time." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209165.
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Il comportamento umano e animale presuppone una precisa stima temporale degli eventi esterni e
degli atti motori. Il successo in compiti quali afferrare una palla, suonare uno strumento o giudicare
il movimento di un ballerino dipende dalla capacità del sistema nervoso di processare
l’informazione temporale. Oggetto di questa tesi è la stima temporale di stimoli visivi della durata
di centinaia di millisecondi. Lo studio sulla discriminazione temporale è strettamente legato alla
codifica del movimento nel sistema nervoso. Pur essendo in grado di stimare la durata temporale di
un oggetto statico, nella nostra vita quotidiana la variabile tempo acquista importanza soprattutto
quando ci troviamo ad interagire con un oggetto in movimento. In una serie di esperimenti ho
testato su soggetti sani volontari come il movimento influenza la percezione del tempo. In
particolare il capitolo 1 riguarda il movimento di un oggetto inanimato sottoposto all’azione del
campo gravitazionale; il capitolo 2 il movimento di una figura umana (movimento biologico).
Non sempre è necessario che lo stimolo visivo sia effettivamente in moto per trasmettere ad un
osservatore una sensazione di movimento. Ad esempio la fotografia di un atleta che corre può
trasmettere un senso di movimento, questo fenomeno è conosciuto nella letteratura delle
neuroscienze come movimento implicito. Il capitolo 3 mostra come il movimento implicito
modifichi la durata percepita di una immagine. La codifica di una informazione temporale è
rilevante sia nei compiti percettivi che in quelli motori. Si pensi a titolo di esempio al pattinaggio in
coppia: ciascuno dei due atleti deve eseguire il proprio movimento ad un tempo preciso e altresì
stimare in modo accurato il movimento del compagno. Come mostrato nel capitolo 2, è possibile
mettere in relazione il tempo dell’atto motorio con quello del giudizio percettivo.
Il lavoro sperimentale è stato integrato da uno studio metodologico (statistico) sull’utilizzo dei
modelli stratificati (GLMM) nelle neuroscienze comportamentali. Una breve sintesi di questo studio
viene fornita nell’introduzione generale. Il modello in oggetto è stato altresì applicato all’analisi dei
dati riportati nel capitolo 2.
Gli studi esposti in questa tesi contribuiranno ad una migliore comprensione della codifica
dell’informazione temporale nei compiti percettivi e motori.The behaviour of humans and animals requires a precise timing of events and actions. Catching a falling body, playing a piano or judging the movements of a dancer are all tasks that may fail or not depending on the precision and the accuracy the temporal processing. In this thesis, I studied the timing of visual stimuli in the scale of hundreds of milliseconds. Time perception of visual stimuli is tightly entangled with visual motion. Subjects are capable of judging the duration of a stationary flash, as tested in many psychophysical experiments. Nevertheless, in our daily life, a fine temporal discrimination is usually required when the target stimulus changes its position over time. I studied in several experiments how does the temporal processing change in relation to either biological or inanimate, gravity-accelerated motion. These two issues are discussed in chapter 1 (gravitational motion) and chapter 2 (biological motion). Motion perception goes beyond the real displacement of the target. The still image of a body in motion evokes in most of people a sense of movement, a phenomenon known as implied motion. Chapter 3 investigates the effect of implied motion on the perceived duration of the stimulus. Timing is relevant in both sensory and motor processing. Think for example to pair skating: each athlete need to execute her/his own movement with a precise time and to estimate the duration of the movement of the partner as well as. As shown in chapter 2, it is possible to relate the motor timing with the perceived duration of a stimulus. I integrated my experimental studies with a methodological research on the usage of hierarchical models (also called mixed models) in psychophysics. I provide a brief resume about this issue in the general introduction of this thesis. Mixed models were applied for data analysis of the experiments discussed in chapter 1. The studies that are discussed in this thesis will contribute to a further understanding of the temporal processing in the sensory and motor behaviour.
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Labbé, Daniel. "Measures of Working Memory, Motivation, and Time Perception." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6362.
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Recent studies have indicated a further need to investigate the role of motivation in workingmemory (WM) training and that time perception affects motivation. We addressed whethersubjectively perceived time on task in reference to objective time on task could serve as animplicit measure of motivation, while controlling for individual differences in timeperception. Here, the relationship between different measures of time perception, WM, andmotivation was explored in healthy children. Fifty children in three natural groups (ages: 6-7,8-9, 10-11) at a Swedish school participated. WM scores changed with age as expected.However, the absence of correlations between WM performance and intrinsic motivationwere inconsistent with previous findings, presumably due to the low statistical sensitivity.Nevertheless, time perception accuracy (r=0.318, p=0.043) and state motivation (r=0.434,p=0.005) correlated with performance on task interference, but not WM. With somereservations due to low sensitivity, time perception accuracy appears to be linked tocoordinative capacity required for shifting attention, but to a lesser degree sequential working memory capacity.
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Hodgson, Anthony Malcolm. "Time, pattern, perception : integrating systems and futures thinking." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16878.
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Fein, Zachery E. "The Aesthetic of Decay: Space, Time, and Perception." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1305892741.
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Nordin, Aliimran. "Immersion and players' time perception in digital games." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7553/.
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Immersion is a commonly used term by players, designers and reviewers of digital games to describe their experience of playing digital games. It represents the cognitive sense of 'being in the games'. One of its consequences is players are losing track of time. However, little has been done to further investigate the effect of immersion on players' time perception whilst playing digital games. This thesis describes a series of experimental investigations to discover the relationship between immersion on players' time perception during a gaming session. The first five experimental studies are focused on manipulating immersion to test its effect on players' time perception. The next six experiments are focused on manipulating players' time perception to test its effect on immersion whilst gaming. The results from these experiments are rather inconsistent. Immersion in some experiments was successfully manipulated it but there were no significant effects on players' time perception. Similarly, in the other experiments players' time perception was manipulated but there were no significant effects on their immersion experience. To further consolidate these findings, a meta-analysis was conducted to produce the single estimate effect on players' time perception during the experimental investigations. The result suggests that participants either overestimate or underestimate time whilst playing. Further, there is substantial heterogeneity across experiments suggesting that the experimental manipulations affect players' time perception differently depending on the experiments. Together, the evidence suggests both immersion and players' time perception are rather sensitive. The manipulation of either one of them could also affect the other but not in a consistent manner. Moreover, there are clear challenges in studying this phenomenon in the lab context. Furthermore, considering the literature on time in digital games environment, the final qualitative study is conducted using grounded theory to understand how players perceive time whilst playing digital games. The theory suggests that players are aware of time but they give themselves a ``self-consent" to ignore it during the gaming session. However, when they evaluate about their playing time they realise that they have spent a lot of time and they use statements such as losing track of time to justify why they have been playing for so long. Many research opportunities open from here. Measuring players' time perception whilst being immersed in digital games in the lab settings is complicated. However, other techniques available in the area of HCI can be applied to measure players' time perception specifically in the context of digital games. This is essential because time is needed for gaming and by understanding how digital games players perceive time allows game designers to better understand player experience.
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Rivera, Monica Alexandra. "Slowing Down Time, studies on spatial time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33992.
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The experience of time is not fixed by a rigid mathematical measure, instead, it flows at vaying rates.
There are certain occasions in which we would like to extend time with all our force, up to the limit of our stretched arms and further. Conversely there are moments which we'd like to last no more that the sparkle of a flash, but as we all have noticed, those are the longest in our life.
How does the space that we inhabit influence on our perception of time? May we identify especial elements that contribute in one or other sense to accelerate or slowdown the time?
It's said that time and space is an inseparable unity, as two aspects of the same thing. If this is so, then it also must be true that by shaping space in one way or another, we might influence the experience of time through it. Wouldn't it be delightful to believe that we may be magicians of time through manipulation of architecture?Master of Architecture
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Zuk, Nathaniel J. "Neural coding of time-varying interaural time differences and its relation to perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107286.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-130).
In natural environments, sounds are often not static. Usually, moving objects require the most attention, e.g. for identifying the presence and direction of a moving vehicle, or detecting and tracking the trajectory of a predator or prey. Faster time-varying location cues can occur in acoustic environments containing many spatially distributed sound sources, like at a cocktail party. In this case, we can identify the locations of the sources by "glimpsing" at short-duration localization cues when the sound energy from one source dominates the mixture. Even faster time-varying spatial cues result from reverberation in an echoic environment and we perceive them as spatially diffuse. We qualitatively perceive motion, a cocktail party, and reverberation differently, and these three percepts are determined by how quickly the spatial cues are moving. How these percepts come about in the auditory system is unknown. Here, we studied how neurons encode time-varying location cues and how the neural code relates to perception. Our focus was on time-varying interaural time differences (ITD), one of the main cues for localizing sounds in the horizontal plane. We recorded from single neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) in the auditory midbrain of unanesthetized rabbits. The IC is the site of an obligatory synapse in the auditory pathway and one of the first stages of processing following the initial extraction of spatial cues in the brainstem. We hypothesized that the IC exhibits limitations in its ability to encode time-varying ITD that give rise to these different percepts. First, we show that IC neurons are more "sluggish" on average at synchronizing to the time-varying ITD than to amplitude modulations presented at a static ITD. Binaural sluggishness has been proposed based on human psychophysics but never validated neuro physiologically in the IC. Second, we show that most neurons are unable to synchronize to the time-varying ITD at speeds where humans no longer perceive fluctuations. Instead, neurons exhibit a change in average firing rate that corresponds to binaural decorrelation of the noise for very fast time-varying ITD, and this may explain the percept of a spatially diffuse sound at these speeds. We further recorded neural responses to slow-moving ITDs in opposite directions within the range of perceived motion. Using a generalized linear model to parse the neuron's response into ITD-following and direction selectivity components, we show that the responses of IC neurons are dominated by their ability to follow the ITD more than direction selectivity. In parallel experiments, we asked human participants to either identify the motion direction or detect the slow-moving ITD in the same stimuli and determined the threshold durations for direction identification and for detection for each participant. Direction identification threshold durations were larger than detection threshold durations. We then implemented neural classifiers that either identified the motion direction or detected the slow-moving ITD based on single-neuron responses to the stimuli, and we found that the classifier exhibited duration thresholds that matched human thresholds on both tasks. Together, these results suggest that temporal limitations of neural responses in the IC may give rise to the limiting speeds of time-varying localization cues where we perceive motion, "glimpse" the position of a source amidst a mixture, and perceive a spatially diffuse background in a reverberant environment.
by Nathaniel J. Zuk.
Ph. D.
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Asbell, Jonathan Clark. "Thresholds in Space and Time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100920.
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In architecture there is perhaps no better opportunity to capture movement and change than in the design of thresholds. They can be a simple strip of metal beneath a doorway, barely noticed as you pass over it, or a grand atrium that you stop and marvel at on your way into the office. They can manifest as a change of materials or finishes, or of some parameter such as ceiling height. They might even be immaterial altogether, like the boundary between light and shadow.
Thresholds transcend the physical to effect a psychological experience. They can be spatial or temporal or some combination of the two, but whatever form they take, all thresholds can be said to be mediators of our movement from one spatial status to another. Inside to outside, public to private, here to there. Too often our buildings relegate these changes to doors or openings that have little connection to the buildings they are a part of, and so our awareness of passage from space to space is diminished. This thesis explores ways to enrich the architecture of the threshold so that it doesn't merely recede to the bounds of our perception.Master of Architecture
The term "threshold" often brings to mind a strip of material at the base of a doorway, but architecture considers thresholds more broadly as moments of movement or change. This thesis examines such moments in an original building design, proposing several threshold types and exploring their impact on occupants.
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Tench, Elizabeth. "Effects of temporal perspective width on intuitive prediction of player behaviour by ice-hockey officials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31145.
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This thesis investigates a new model of non-normative prediction that addresses the contribution of width of temporal perspective to intuitive prediction. Intuitive prediction is defined in this thesis as the non-normative prediction of other's behaviour. This new model of intuitive prediction is termed the Temporal Perspective Model (TPM). The notion of temporal perspective expands upon the understanding of intuitive prediction provided by several major social and cognitive theories of the judgement process. TPM asserts that utilisation of the triad of past temporal perspective, present temporal perspective and future temporal perspective increases accuracy of intuitive prediction in judgement contexts. Past and future temporal perspectives are used through the generation and rehearsal of both experience-acquired and novel, possible judgement strategies outside of the actual judgement context (GIOA). Present temporal perspective (PTP) plays a mediating role in the expression of the products of this process within the judgement context. TPM posits that the width of temporal perspective is influenced by perceptions of self-efficacy, which is associated with use of past and future perspectives in the generation of judgement strategies, and also by motivational style, which is associated with engagement of present temporal perspective. Five motivational styles and their associated affects are proposed as influences on present temporal perspective: aggressive motivation, conflict motivation,
competitive motivation, cooperative motivation and competence motivation. The context in which TPM has been investigated is the sport environment. The subjects in this study were 118 ice-hockey officials from Vancouver's Lower Mainland. A two by two factorial design was utilised to investigate the major proposition that the temporal perspective model distinguishes individuals in terms of overall achievement in a judgement context. The overall achievement variable was the first principle component derived from an analysis of a set of nine items referring to achieved levels of officiating, number of games assigned and supervisor and peer commendations. This analysis demonstrated significant differences between levels of overall achievement on the following variables: a) engagement of past and future temporal perspectives outside of the judgement context; b) engagement of present temporal perspective within the judgement context; c) the motivational styles of cooperation and competence. Aggressive, conflict and competitive motivations did not significantly distinguish groups in terms of overall achievement. A second two by two design of past-future by present temporal perspective was implemented to investigate the
mediation of past-future temporal perspectives by present temporal perspective on the dependent variable of intuitive prediction. The variable of intuitive prediction was the first principle component of an analysis performed on five items relating to peer reports of implementation of successful, creative or original solutions to game problems. This analysis yielded significant main effects for the first factor of past-future temporal perspective and for the second factor of present temporal perspective. A highly significant interaction was found between past-future temporal perspective and present temporal perspective on the dependent variable intuitive prediction. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between present temporal perspective and motivational style. The results of this study have largely supported the validity of the constructs proposed in TPM.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Layton, James R. "The experience and perception of duration in three contemporary performances." Thesis, University of Chester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620372.
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I argue in this thesis that qualitative duration (viewed in opposition to the construct of quantitative clock-time) can be experienced through performance encounters that challenge smooth consumption. In a socially accelerated culture, where to do more in less time is the measure of a productive life, one’s connection with the ‘real’ time of duration is diminished. To challenge this premise, I have used an autoethnographic approach to explore an experience of duration conceived via the work of French philosopher Henri Bergson, who posits that “pure duration [is that which] excludes all idea of juxtaposition, reciprocal externality, and extension” (Bergson, 1903/1999, p. 26). In other words, Bergson asserts that duration defies quantitative measurement. I argue that the Bergsonian experience of duration offers a pause from social acceleration and effects a transformation for the spectator in the form of peak-experience, flow, and communitas.
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Browning, Veronica. "Speaking time : intersections of literature and chronosophy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9515.
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Alards-Tomalin, Douglas. "Numerical magnitude affects the perception of time and intensity." American Psychological Association, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31033.
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The relative magnitude of an event (number magnitude) can have direct implications on timing judgments. Previous studies have found that large magnitude numbers are perceived to have longer durations than those of smaller numbers. This bias can be accounted for in several ways; first, the internal clock model theorizes that stimulus magnitude directly interacts with the components of a dedicated cognitive timer by increasing pacemaker speed. Another explanation posits that different quantitative dimensions (space, time, size, intensity and number) are all represented within a common cortical metric thus facilitating interactions within and across dimensions. I have expanded on this framework by proposing that perceived duration is inferred using flexibly applied rules of thumbs (heuristics) in which information from a more accessible dimension (e.g., number magnitude) is substituted for duration. Three paradigms were used to test this theory. First, commonalities in how the intervals separating discrete stimuli of different magnitudes were judged was examined across a variety of quantitative dimensions (number, size, and colour saturation). Perceived duration judgments increased systematically as the magnitude difference between the stimuli increased. This finding was robust against manipulations to sequence direction, and order, suggesting that interval duration was estimated by substituting information regarding the absolute magnitude difference. Second, the impact of number magnitude on sound intensity judgments was examined. When target sounds were presented simultaneously with large digits, they were categorized as loud more frequently, suggesting that participants substituted number magnitude when performing difficult sound intensity judgments in a manner similar to when judging duration. Third, the repetition of magnitude information presented in either symbolic (Arabic digits) or non symbolic (numerosities) formats was manipulated prior to the presentation of a target number, whose duration was judged. The results demonstrated that large numbers were judged to last for longer durations relative to small numbers. Furthermore, context had an effect in which a greater discrepancy in the target’s numerical magnitude from the initial context sequence resulted in a longer perceived duration. The results across all three paradigms suggest that people generally employ information regarding one magnitude dimension (number) when making difficult perceptual decisions in a related dimension (time, sound intensity).February 2016
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Benne, Marcie. "The perception of two indicators that change in time." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28568.
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Melly, Sara. "Time perception in relation to depressed mood and hopelessness." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396190.
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Sobolev, D. "Financial applications of human perception of fractal time series." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461731/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the interaction between people’s financial behaviour and the market’s fractal characteristics. In particular, I have been interested in the Hurst exponent, a measure of a series’ fractal dimension and autocorrelation. In Chapter 2 I show that people exhibit a high level of sensitivity to the Hurst exponent of visually presented graphs representing price series. I explain this sensitivity using two types of cues: the illuminance of the graphs, and the characteristic of the price change series. I further show that people can learn how to identify the Hurst exponents of fractal graphs when feedback about the correct values of the Hurst exponent is given. In Chapter 3 I investigate the relationship between risk perception and Hurst exponent. I show that people assess risk of investment in an asset according to the Hurst exponent of its price graph if it is presented along with its price change series. Analysis reveals that buy/sell decisions also depend on the Hurst exponent of the graphs. In Chapter 4 I study forecasts from financial graphs. I show that to produce forecasts, people imitate perceived noise and signals of data series. People’s forecasts depend on certain personality traits and dispositions. Similar results were obtained for experts. In Chapter 5 I explore the way people integrate visually presented price series with news. I find that people’s financial decisions are influenced by news more than the average trend of the graphs. In the case of positive trend, there is a correlation between financial forecasts and decisions. Finally, in Chapter 6 I show that the way people perceive fractal time series is correlated with the Hurst exponent of the graphs. I use the findings of the thesis to describe a possible mechanism which preserves the fractal nature of price series.
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Pizarro, Lozano Rodrigo. "It’s About Time: The Illusions of Time Perception and Travel in Immersive Virtual Reality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392720.
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Changing the passage of time is a concept that has captured the imagination of many philosophers and writers throughout history, but we have no evidence of anyone being capable of altering it at a macroscopic level. But what if it were possible? This question formed the basis of our research, and in this thesis we describe a series of experiments carried out to address this.
In this thesis we report three main experiments. The first considered whether the perception of elapsed time can be influenced by the tempo of music. We placed participants in an immersive virtual reality environment where they heard in the background two versions of a musical piece, varying only in tempo, for 7.5 minutes in two separate sessions. Volunteers retrospectively estimated the length of each session. The results show that participants’ estimates were not correlated with background music tempo. In the second experiment we considered whether previous findings that body size and age influence the perception of space might also influence the perception of time. In this experiment we immersed participants in a virtual reality scenario in which they performed a task for 200 seconds while embodied in one of three avatars that depicted three different age groups. Volunteers underwent two trials where the only change was the avatar they embodied, and compared the length of the sessions. The results suggested that time perception was not affected by body shape, but the task performance was. In the third experiment we addressed the notion of time travel itself, and considered whether virtual reality can be used to give people the illusion of having travelled back through time. We immersed participants in virtual reality where they experienced a series of events that unknowingly led to a violent incident. Immediately after they were either transported in time to the beginning of the developments or they simply restarted the session, depending on the condition. We found that participants felt as if they had travelled back in time whenever subjective levels of other three illusions were high. We also describe an application of the technology that was developed for the time travel to a psychological counselling situation, where people could maintain a conversation with an embodied version of themselves.
We set the background of this thesis in reviewing the major themes of virtual reality research, including the concepts of presence and its constituent elements of ‘place illusion’ and ‘plausibility’ – the sense of being in the place depicted by the virtual environment, and the illusion that events are real. Of particular importance in our work is the concept of ‘body ownership’ – the feeling that a co-located virtual body seen from first person perspective is the participant’s real body, and we present a critical review of the relevant literature showing how this thesis relates to past work and is a further contribution.
Finally, in order to carry out the scientific work reported in this thesis we have made technical advances in virtual reality, including the development of a software platform that integrates compatibility for several different devices. The conclusion of the thesis is that more research is necessary in the field of time perception and time travel in immersive virtual reality. We have seen that body shape can affect cognitive task performance, and further studies should expand the knowledge by analysing more variables. Additionally, a novel kind of illusion is presented in this thesis. Its potential and limits should be explored in future experiments, possibly with completely different applications. Indeed, the technology involved was applied in a study, reported in this thesis, concerned with personal counselling.
Overall, this thesis contains several different angles on the illusions of time perception and time travel. We present a thorough review of the literature involving the perception of time and the illusions of presence, body ownership and agency, as well as the technical background. Furthermore, the description of three studies that take a novel approach to time perception and time travel is included. Finally, we discuss our results and outline a future work direction.En esta tesis reportamos tres experimentos principales. En el primero examinamos si la percepción del tiempo puede ser influenciada por la música de fondo. Pusimos a participantes en un entorno virtual inmersivo donde oyeron dos versiones de una misma pieza musical de fondo, con la única variación del tempo, durante 7,5 minutos en dos sesiones distintas. Los voluntarios estimaron retrospectivamente la duración de cada sesión. Los resultados indican que las estimaciones no estaban correlacionadas con el tempo de la música. En el segundo experimento analizamos si los resultados de estudios anteriores, que encontraron que la edad y la forma corporal afectan a la percepción espacial, se pueden aplicar también en la percepción del tiempo. En este experimento pusimos a voluntarios en un escenario de realidad virtual en donde realizaron una tarea durante 200 segundos, mientras su cuerpo era substituido en realidad virtual por avatares que representaban a tres grupos distintos de edad. Los participantes experimentaron dos sesiones donde el único cambio era el avatar, y compararon la duración de las sesiones. Los resultados sugieren que la percepción del tiempo no fue alterada por la forma del cuerpo, pero el rendimiento sí. En el tercer experimento evaluamos la noción de viajar en el tiempo propiamente, y examinamos si la realidad virtual puede ser usada para dar la ilusión de viajar atrás en el tiempo. Pusimos a varios participantes en un escenario virtual donde experimentaron una serie de eventos que, sin saberlo, llevaban a un incidente violento. Inmediatamente después eran transportados en el tiempo hasta el inicio de los eventos, o simplemente se reiniciaba la sesión, dependiendo de la condición. Encontramos que los voluntarios tuvieron la ilusión de haber viajado atrás en el tiempo siempre y cuando los niveles subjetivos de otras tres ilusiones fueran altos. La conclusión de esta tesis es que más investigación es necesaria en el dominio de la percepción del tiempo y en el de los viajes virtuales en el tiempo. Hemos visto que la forma del cuerpo puede afectar el rendimiento en una tarea, pero estudios futuros deberían expandir el conocimiento analizando más variables. Además, se presenta en esta tesis una nueva ilusión. Sus límites y su potencial deberían ser explorados en experimentos futuros, posiblemente en aplicaciones completamente distintas.
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Swift, Anna Louise. "How time flies : the perception, perspective and experience of time in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426816.
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This study examined time perception, time experience and time perspective in bipolar disorder. In a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design, 58 bipolar participants completed a clinical interview to assess mood and were assigned to one of three mood state groups; euthymic, depressed or mania. Furthermore, 20 health professionals without a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were recruited as a control group. Therefore, 78 participants in total completed a temporal generalisation computer task (Wearden, 1992), a visual analogue scale of time experience (Blewitt, 1992) and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). Results indicated that the manic group were significantly less accurate on the temporal generalisation task indicating a deficit in time perception. However, no significant differences in performance were found between the control, euthymic and depressed groups. Furthermore, in an unfilled duration, depressed participants rated the subjective passing of time as significantly slower than the other groups. Additionally, the manic group rated time as passing significantly faster than the other groups in an unfilled duration. However, when focussed upon a task (filled duration) this effect was reduced to the extent that no significant differences between the groups were found. Finally, significant differences were found between the group profiles on the ZTPI subscales indicating that different mood states were characterised by specific temporal perspectives. The results suggest that bipolar mood states are characterised by differences in temporal experience and this has direct implication for psychological interventions.
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MacKenzie, Noah Aaron. "The kappa effect in pitch/time context." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173114654.
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Jovanovic, Ljubica. "Contextualizing the clock(s) : integrating cues for the perception of time and timing an action." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE034/document.
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Les événements pertinents de notre environnement sont intégrés au flux d'information complexe et multisensoriel qui nous parvient. La perception du temps est malléable et de nombreuses illusions suggèrent que le temps perçu est influencé par le contexte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence de différents aspects du contexte sur la perception du temps et du timing des actions chez l’humain. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié le rôle du caractère explicite de l’apparition d’un événement sur la durée perçue de l’intervalle entre deux événements. Nous avons montré que l’influence du contexte temporel était plus forte dans la condition d’apparition implicite, pour laquelle le biais d’estimation des vers la moyenne des durées présentées est plus fort, et la sensibilité plus basse. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié les effets du contexte temporel et spatial sur le temps perçu des événements. Les résultats de ces études suggèrent que le moment perçu de l’apparition d’un événement ne correspond pas toujours aux latences perceptives mesurées par des taches de temps de réaction, et que la saillance est un indice important pour percevoir le temps. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous avons examiné comment différentes sources d’incertitude influencent le timing perçu d’une action et son auto-évaluation. Les résultats suggèrent que ces deux aspects s’appuieraient au moins en partie sur des processus différentsRelevant events in our environment are embedded in the complex, multisensory stream of information. Time perception is malleable, and numerous time illusions suggest that the perceived time of events is affected by context. The work presented in this thesis investigated how different aspects of human time perception and timing an action are affected by context. In the first part of the thesis, we investigated how the explicitness of the event onset affects perceived elapsed time between two points in time. The temporal context affected the estimates more in the implicit onset condition. The estimates were more biased towards the mean of the presented durations, and sensitivity of duration discrimination sensitivity was lower in the condition with no explicit onset of the duration to be timed. The effects of the temporal and spatial context on the perceived time of events were addressed in the second part. The findings suggest that the perceived time of events can be easily and compulsory biased by the temporal and spatial context. Findings from these studies support the hypothesis that the perceived time of events does not always correspond the the perceptual latencies measured in the reaction time tasks, and that the saliency is an important cue for the perceived time. Finally, in the third part, we investigated how different sources of uncertainty affect the timing and self-evaluation of an action. The findings suggest that timing an action and evaluating its outcome may, at least in part, rely on different computations
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Koehler, Gregory C. (Gregory Charles). "Distorted Time Perception as an Underlying Factor of Psychosis Proneness and Dissociation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279102/.
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Distortions in the perception of time historically have been associated with dissociation and psychosis in clinical populations. However, the relations among dissociation, psychosis, and time perception in sub-clinical populations have not been investigated. In the present study, college undergraduates scoring either normally or deviantly high on the Per-Mag were given a Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and a computerized time-estimation/production task. Participants scoring high on the Per-Mag obtained higher scores on the DES than participants scoring low on the Per- Mag. Per-Mag scores also correlated positively with DES scores across 608 total participants screened. The relation between dissociative and psychotic symptomatology is discussed considering dichotomous versus continuous conceptualizations of psychopathology. The effects of intelligence, social desirability, malingering, gender, and post-traumatic stress on the measures used are also discussed.
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Boltz, Marilyn Gail. "An expectancy model of judged duration : an ecological perspective /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553058635.
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Larsen, Ellinor. "Is Time an Illusion?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162361.
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The purpose of this essay was to see whether our idea of time might be an illusion, and inorder to find out, I look both at what modern philosophy says about the concept of time aswell as what modern physics says. I want to see if there is consensus between the two fields inorder to find a unified definition of time; and using this definition I want to see whether timemight be an illusion. As it turns out, time is an elusive concept that is difficult to define, andeven though most, if not all, researchers in both philosophy and physics agree that time exists,there is little else they agree on when it comes to explaining what time in fact is. Inphilosophy, there is also disagreement within the field and the discussion centers on time asquality, while physics focus on time as quantity – used to measure the world around us. Giventhe different accounts of time, it seems that each of us are left to make up our own mindsabout how to define it. Whether or not time is an illusion depends on how time is defined.And until there is a clear definition of time it also becomes impossible to say for certainwhether time is an illusion.
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Diamond, Mark R. "The effect of saccades on visual sensitivity and time perception." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0038.
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Considerable evidence indicates that visual sensitivity is reduced during saccadic eye movement. A central question has been whether saccadic suppression results from a non-visual central signal, or whether the obligate image motion that accompanies saccades is itself sufficient to mask vision. In the first of a series of experiments described here, the visual and non-visual effects of saccades were distinguished by measuring contrast sensitivity to luminance modulated low spatial frequency gratings, at 17 cd·m¯² and 0.17 cd·m¯², in saccade conditions and in conditions in which saccade-like image motion was produced by the rotation of a mirror but when observers’ eyes were kept still. The time course of suppression was examined by making measurements from well before image motion began until well after it had ended. A tenfold decrease in contrast sensitivity was found for luminance-modulated gratings with saccades, but little suppression was found with simulated saccades. Adding high contrast noise to the visual display increased the magnitude and the duration of the suppression during simulated saccades but had little effect on suppression produced by real saccades. At lower luminance, suppression was found to be reduced, and its course shallower than at higher luminance. Simulated saccades produced shallower suppression over a longer time course at both higher and lower luminance. In a second experiment the time course of contrast sensitivity to chromatically modulated gratings, at 17 cd·m¯², was examined. No suppression was found; rather there was some evidence of an enhancement of sensitivity, both before and after saccades, relative to fixation conditions. Differences in the effects of real and simulated saccades in the magnitude and time course of sensitivity loss with luminance modulated gratings suggest that saccadic suppression has an extraretinal component that acts on the magnocellular system; the pattern of enhancement found in the later experiment suggests a selective favouring of the parvocellular system both immediately prior to and immediately after saccades. The possibility that the degree of enhancement in sensitivity varies across the visual field was examined using spatially localized stimuli (either high spatial frequency chromatically modulated gratings or letter combinations). Sensitivity was found to decrease at the initial fixation point during the 75 ms prior to saccadic onset and simultaneously to improve at the saccadic target. In the immediate post-saccadic period, sensitivity at the saccadic target was found to exceed that which had been manifest at the initial fixation point prior to saccades, suggesting that post-saccadic enhancement may improve the temporal contrast between one fixation and the next. The final experiments investigated the possibility that our sense of continuity across saccades (as opposed to stability) is influenced by saccade-induced errors in locating events in time. The results of these experiments suggest that saccades can result in errors in judging (a) the time at which external events occur relative to saccadic onset, (b) the temporal order of visual events, and (c) the magnitude of temporal intervals. It is concluded that apparent time is generally foreshortened prior to saccades. This might be due to selective suppression of magnocellular activity and might function to hide saccades and their effects from our awareness. A speculative synthesis is presented based on the idea that recurrent feedback between the neocortical and cortical structures on the one hand, and the thalamic nuclei on the other, has special importance for perception around the time of saccades
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Diamond, Mark R. "The effect of saccades on visual sensitivity and time perception /." Connect to this title, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0038.
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Tan, Siew Hong. "Culture and time perception : implications for mental representation and decisions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12834.
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This thesis examines cultural variations in time perception, as well as the possible influences on mental representation and decisions. Building on prior research on cultural differences in time-related perceptions, two main time perceptions were identified and focused on, namely temporal orientation and the use of time metaphor. The temporal orientation line of investigation explores the implications of a stronger future versus past orientation among English and Mandarin-speakers respectively. Based on Construal Level Theory, temporal orientation is expected to be related to psychological distance, which in turn affects the mental representations individuals form. The findings supported a stronger future orientation among English-speakers which is also evident in their mental representations that vary as a function of temporal orientation. However, Mandarin-speakers exhibited neither a strong past nor future orientation. A study examining the possible influence of temporal orientation on value judgment revealed a complex association between culture and value judgment. The time metaphor line of inquiry investigates the use of time metaphors among English and Mandarin-speakers and also the possible implications of such tendencies. Although previous psychological research implies a possible connection between the use of time metaphor and sense of personal control, this relationship is yet to be established. The findings showed supportive evidence of a frequent use of ego and time-moving metaphors among English and Mandarin-speakers respectively. However, studies examining the relationship between the use of time metaphor, perceived personal control, and decisions (optimism bias and risk-taking) revealed little supportive evidence of an association between them. The findings and a range of methodological and theoretical implications are discussed in the closing chapter.
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Mansfield, Eileen Margaret. "Time perception in infants : an exploration using eye tracking methodology." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54662/.
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Using eye tracking methodology, this thesis investigates if four-month-old infants can perceive short time intervals, as sensitivity to temporal parameters underlies cognitive development. Whilst the thesis draws on theoretical frameworks of understanding how animals and humans perceive short time intervals, it extends the framework, enabling the application of one developmental model of timing to be used with much younger children (four-months-old infants, formerly children aged three years old). Six eye tracking experiments investigated how infants perceive time intervals and the factors that might influence that ability. One hundred and nine typically developing four-month- old infants participated in the experiments, from which six main findings emerged. First, overt behavioural evidence of infants keeping time over several stimulus sequences was obtained by using eye tracking methodology. This is the first time that this ability has been demonstrated using eye tracking which clearly indicates the focus of the infant's attention. Second, using naturalistic stimulus sequences young infants demonstrated a clear ability to perceive a number of different time intervals within one testing session, indicating the importance of using salient stimuli. Third, various influencing factors were observed to facilitate or hinder time perception such as speed of sequence presentation and the simultaneous presentation of both auditory and visual stimulus respectively. Fourth, the use of different information processing strategies to encode the stimuli revealed further differences in time perception. Fifth, and for the first time in these types of experiments, an infant-adapted temporal generalisation task has revealed similar results to children and animals. Sixth, infants demonstrated continued gaze-following over several stimulus sequences after a period of mutual gaze. Several issues concerning the processes underlying infant cognitive development are discussed together with their implications for later learning.
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Mioni, Giovanna. "Time perception and prospective memory in traumatic brain injury patients." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422196.
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Temporal dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients is a relatively new area of research and is surprising the limited number of study available considering the clinical and theoretical implication. An extensive number of studies were conducted to investigate prospective memory dysfunctions in TBI patients, but the findings are in contrast. This PhD thesis is organised in two sections: the first one include two studies about time perception and TBI patients (study 1 and study 2); while the second focus on prospective memory and TBI patients (study 3 and study 4)Lo studio della percezione del tempo in pazienti con trauma cranico è un argomento relativamente nuovo, infatti, un limitato numero di studi sono stati pubblicati su questo argomento. Tuttavia lo studio della percezione del tempo in pazienti con trauma cranico ha importanti implicazioni sia dal punto di vista teorico che clinico. Un ampio numero di studi sono stati invece pubblicati per valutare i deficit di memoria in pazienti con trauma cranico ma i risultati ottenuti sono alle volte contradditori. Questo lavoro di tesi è volto allo studio della percezione del tempo e della memoria prospettica in pazienti con trauma cranico. In particolare questo lavoro è articolato in due capitoli: il promo riguarda nello specifico la percezione del tempo e verranno presentati due studi (studio 1 e studio 2); mentre nella seconda parte mi focalizzerò sullo studio della memoria prospettica con la presentazione dei due studi (studio 3 e studio 4)
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Daugherty, James R. "Time perception’s effect on individual differences and behavior: the mediating role of impulsivity on the relationship between time perception and intertemporal health behaviors." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9164.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychology
Gary L. Brase
This research tested a general mediation model which proposes that individual differences (e.g., impulsivity, delay discounting, and time orientation) mediate the relationship between time perception (one’s subjective experience of the passage of time relative to actual time) and intertemporal behavior (decision-making involving tradeoffs between costs and rewards in both the present and the future). Study I did not find evidence to support the general mediation model and found that time perception was only weakly correlated with individual differences and intertemporal behavior (average r = .06) . Study II found tentative support for the proposed mediation model: individual differences in impulsivity fully mediated the relationship between time perception and intertemporal behavior in 4 separate mediation models. Three additional mediation models met the assumptions of mediation, demonstrating indirect effects significantly different from zero, but did not fully mediate the relationship between time perception and intertemporal behavior. In general, the mediation models explored in Study II (both fully and partially mediated) suggest that self-report impulsivity mediates the relationship between time perception and intertemporal health behaviors, like hours of sleep slept per night, sociosexual orientation, and frequency of eating breakfast. The findings from Study II suggest that how time is perceived influences intertemporal behavior indirectly by influencing impulsivity. Guidelines to aid future research linking time perception to individual differences and intertemporal behavior are provided.
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Borawski, Steven. "Time out the effects of breaks on temporal reproduction /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143820145.
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Payton, Tommy O. I. "Experience of Time as a Function of Locus of Control." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331902/.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the effects that achievement and locus of control have on a person's ability to estimate the passage of time. The subjects were a group of 116 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at Mountain View College. Achievement was measured by the grade obtained in the course, and the locus of control was measured by the individual's score obtained on the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Five different cutoffs were used to determine the locus of control orientation (internal/external). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques. No significant differences between any of the groups were found.
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Nikolla, Dritan. "Situation awareness, emotions and time perception : an investigation of the effects of emotions on measures of situation awareness, the perception of time, and decision making." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6372/.
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Current theories of Situation Awareness (SA) are based on three broad cognitive processes, that of perception, comprehension and projection. While there are considerable variations on how SA is defined and subsequently modeled (see Endsley 1995, Hancock & Smith 1995 or Edgar & Edgar 2007), most current theories fail to account for the role and influence of emotions on SA. A further shared characteristic of the current models is the lack of integration of SA theories with the ever-increasing knowledge of the functional specializations of different brain areas. This thesis' main aim was to bridge these gaps by integrating current developments from neuroscience and cognitive psychology with perception, learning and decision-making aspects of SA, all within the context of different affective conditions. The experiments described in this thesis, therefore, share a focus on the emotional effects on the aforementioned cognitive processes as well as detection of possible neural signatures as reflected by Electroencephalography (EEG) recording. The first experiment showed that negative, neutral and positive affective conditions had markedly different effects on the processes of SA. Subsequently, the next three experiments focused on the effects of emotions in a particular aspect of SA, that of decision making, and attempted to isolate the EEG correlates of advantageous and disadvantageous decision-making processes. It was found that about 400 to 300 milliseconds (denoted as SM400) prior to enacting a decision, the EEG recording was able to distinguish between the advantageous and disadvantageous choices. Finally, the last three experiments investigated the mechanisms by which emotions exert their influence on how information is perceived and learned. It was found that negative and positive affective stimuli dilated and contracted the perception of time respectively and that, furthermore, the processing of negative stimuli is based more on long-term memory as opposed to working memory. The research in this thesis suggests that what kind of SA one person may have is very much affected by emotional processes. This thesis hopes to have contributed to an initial understanding of these processes and stimulate further research on these areas.
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Wilcock, Paul. "Cortical processing and perceived timing /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19761.pdf.
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Copan, Paul. "The impossibility of an infinite temporal regress of events." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Wilhelmsen, Seth R. "Use of elemental and configural coding in timing of compound stimuli." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/WILHELMSEN_SETH_42.pdf.
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Borawski, Steven Jr. "TIME OUT: THE EFFECTS OF BREAKS ON TEMPORAL REPRODUCTION." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1143820145.
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Kardinal, Mareike [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Kerkhoff. "Adaptive times : modulating time perception in neglect patients and healthy individuals / Mareike Kardinal. Betreuer: Georg Kerkhoff." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054054452/34.
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