Relevant bibliographies by topics / Time isolation

Academic literature on the topic 'Time isolation'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Time isolation"

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Swartz, Sally. "Time, Space, Isolation." Psychoanalytic Dialogues 30, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2020.1774346.

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Barghouthi, Sameer A. "First time isolation of Pseudomonas argentinensis from human skin infection." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2014.02.0133.

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Li, Donghai, Shougen Zhao, Yujin He, and Tao Li. "Study on the Performance of a Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Isolator with Time Delay Control." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 6 (December 2018): 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183661168.

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A quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolation consists of a pair of oblique springs and a vertical spring, aiming at widening the vibration isolation region, is studied in this paper. The time delay linear displacement feedback control strategy is introduced to improve the performance of the isolator. The characteristics of dynamical response under harmonically forcing excitation is obtained by using averaging method. The force transmissibility of the control isolator is presented in this paper. The influence of the time delay linear displacement control on the force transmissibility is studied theoretically. The results show that the performance of the vibration isolation with time-delay control is better than the equivalent linear isolator in either low or high frequency region and the performance of controlled system is better than uncontrolled system.
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Wu, Fengchuan, Yuejun Zheng, Fang Yuan, and Yunqi Fu. "Magnetic-Free Isolators Based on Time-Varying Transmission Lines." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060684.

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Two magnetic-free reconfigurable isolators based on a doubly balanced gyrator (DBG) are designed in this paper. One of the isolators is a single-ended transmission isolator (STI), which uses two matching resistors to absorb the signal transmitted in the reverse direction. In theory, it has infinite isolation bandwidth, which is verified by simulation and an experiment. The other isolator is a differential transmission isolator (DTI) to improve the anti-interference performance, which consists of four Wilkinson power splitters (combiners) and two reciprocal transmission line segments. The DTI uses two pairs of differential signals to prevent the reverse signal. Compared to the STI, the DTI has higher power capacity. Furthermore, when the phases of the control signals acting on the switches are changed, the isolation directions of the two isolators will be changed, to obtain the reconfigurable property.
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Fujita, Takafumi. "Seismic Isolation Systems and Time." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 96, no. 890 (1993): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.96.890_77.

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Sanchez, Oscar D., Gabriel Martinez-Soltero, Jesus G. Alvarez, and Alma Y. Alanis. "Real-Time Neural Classifiers for Sensor and Actuator Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motors." Machines 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121198.

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The main steps involved in a fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme are the detection of failures, isolation and reconfiguration of control. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) is a topic of interest due to its importance for the controller, since it provides the necessary information to adjust and mitigate the effects of the fault. Generally, the most common failures occur in the actuator or in sensors, so this article proposes a novel model-free scheme for the detection and isolation of sensor and actuator faults of induction motors (IM). The proposed methodology performs the task of detecting and isolating faults over data streams just after the occurrence of the failure of an induction motor (IM), by the occurrence of either disconnection, degradation, failure, or connection damage. Our approach proposes deep neural networks that do not need a nominal model or generate residuals for fault detection, which makes it a useful tool. In addition, the fault-isolation approach is carried out by classifiers that differentiate characteristics independently of the other classifiers. The long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, bidirectional LSTM, multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network are used for this task. The proposed sensors’ and actuator’s fault detection and isolation scheme is simple. It can be applied to various problems involving fault detection and isolation schemes. The results show that deep neural networks are a powerful and versatile tool for fault detection and isolation over data streams.
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Rezaei, Sima, and Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri. "Effect of Supplemental Damping on the Seismic Performance of Triple Pendulum Bearing Isolators under Near-Fault Ground Motions ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.240.

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The isolating system absorbs part of the earthquake energy before transferring it to the structure, by shifting the natural period of the isolated structure. This period shift results in a reduction in the inertial forces. It is clear that the effects of near-fault (NF) ground motions with large velocity pulses can bring the seismic isolation devices to critical working conditions. In this study, two three-dimensional RC buildings with the heights of 9.0m and 21.0m which are supported by Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing (TFPB) isolators are idealized. Various TFPB configurations are selected for isolation systems. There are also viscous dampers to limit the excess deformation of isolators. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed by using OpenSees to study the influence of supplemental dampers on structural responses such as isolator displacements and maximum drifts under ten near-fault ground motion records. The results show noticeable reduction in isolator displacement when using dampers. However, maximum drift rises considerablely. Moreover by increasing the period range or reducing the damping ratio of isolation system, maximum driftreduces but the displacement of isolator increases.
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Birch, Marion, and Leo van Bergen. "A time for solidarity, not isolation." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 36, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2020.1779969.

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Roberts, Katherine, Perminder Khosa, Susan Singh, Crystal Son, Janet Eagan, and Kent Sepkowitz. "Time to Isolation-Every Minute Counts." American Journal of Infection Control 39, no. 5 (June 2011): E88—E89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.04.162.

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Bartneck, Matthias, Klaudia Theresa Warzecha, Carmen Gabriele Tag, Sibille Sauer-Lehnen, Felix Heymann, Christian Trautwein, Ralf Weiskirchen, and Frank Tacke. "Isolation and Time Lapse Microscopy of Highly Pure Hepatic Stellate Cells." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/417023.

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Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main effector cells for liver fibrosis. We aimed at optimizing HSC isolation by an additional step of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) via a UV laser. HSC were isolated from livers of healthy mice and animals subjected to experimental fibrosis. HSC isolation by iohexol- (Nycodenz) based density centrifugation was compared to a method with subsequent FACS-based sorting. We assessed cellular purity, viability, morphology, and functional properties like proliferation, migration, activation marker, and collagen expression. FACS-augmented isolation resulted in a significantly increased purity of stellate cells (>99%) compared to iohexol-based density centrifugation (60–95%), primarily by excluding doublets of HSC and Kupffer cells (KC). Importantly, this method is also applicable to young animals and mice with liver fibrosis. Viability, migratory properties, and HSC transdifferentiationin vitrowere preserved upon FACS-based isolation, as assessed using time lapse microscopy. During maturation of HSC in culture, we did not observe HSC cell division using time lapse microscopy. Strikingly, FACS-isolated, differentiated HSC showed very limited molecular and functional responses to LPS stimulation. In conclusion, isolating HSC from mouse liver by additional FACS significantly increases cell purity by removing contaminations from other cell populations especially KC, without affecting HSC viability, migration, or differentiation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Time isolation"

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Abbott, Aaron. "The isolation of flowering time genes from lettuce to enable the manipulation of bolting time." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35099/.

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The time of bolting is an important factor in lettuce production because it affects the yield and quality of the harvested crop. Bolting is promoted by higher temperatures and is an increasing problem for growers with the current trend for warmer summers. Lettuce plants that are in the early stages of bolting are visibly indistinguishable from non-bolting plants, however there are changes in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites which are produced to protect the young floral bud from insect attack. These compounds give the lettuce plant a bitter taste and render the crop unsaleable. The development of late bolting varieties, which would have a greater ‘holding ability’ in the field, would result in reduced crop losses and an extension to the growing season. In many plants, the timing of the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is controlled by environmental cues which serve to communicate growth conditions favourable for sexual reproduction and seed maturation. Studies in Arabidopsis have led to the identification of several different pathways that come together to regulate flowering time. Little research has been done on these response pathways in lettuce, however, research has shown that components of these pathways are conserved between Arabidopsis and other crop species. The aim of this project is to isolate genes regulating flowering time in lettuce in order that novel alleles of these genes can be used to manipulate bolting time. A lettuce BAC library has been screened and homologues of eight Arabidopsis flowering time genes, principally from the autonomous pathway, have been isolated. Functional orthologues of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the autonomous pathway gene, FLK have been characterised in lettuce, suggesting that there is conservation of the genes involved in flowering time in Arabidopsis and lettuce. Lettuce lines with a range of bolting times, including lines which bolt significantly later than wild-type have been identified from EMS mutagenised populations of cultivated lettuce and a diversity set of wild lettuce. Homozygous lines from a Lactuca sativa cv. Larissa EMS population with a reproducible late bolting phenotype when tested under commercial growing conditions have been identified. These lines have been made available to Rijk Zwaan® for inclusion in future breeding programs aimed at delaying bolting and improving the ‘holding’ ability’ of commercial lettuce crops. Genomic sequence of selected lettuce flowering time genes have been compared between the late bolting lines and wild-type looking for polymorphisms that may account for the late bolting phenotype. Polymorphisms within these genes were identified in some of the late bolting lines, however through analysing the polymorphism in segregating backcross populations they have been shown not to be causing the late bolting phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing has also been performed to identify polymorphisms in other, possibly novel, genes which may be causing the late bolting phenotype, as yet, no mutation segregating within the late bolting lines has been identified.
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Mazars, Emmanuel Francis Marie. "Robust fault detection and isolation for linear time-invariant dynamic systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437363.

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Montiel, Palma Virginia. "Photochemistry of ruthenium dihydride complexes : a matrix isolation and time-resolved study." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270100.

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Jing, Wei. "Performance Isolation for Mixed Criticality Real-time System on Multicore with Xen Hypervisor." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193603.

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Multicore processors have imported the powerful computing capacity to real-time systems, allowing the multi-task execution on the co-running cores. Meanwhile, the competition for the shared resources among the on-die cores brings the side-effects which highly degrades the performance of single cores and puts the real-time requirements in danger. This thesis work is focused on addressing the memory access contentions on the real-time systems with mixed-criticality. A throttling algorithm is designed to control the memory access flows from the interfering side, securing the deadlines of critical tasks. We implemented the throttling framework on Xen Hypervisor and evaluated the overall isolating performance with a set of benchmarks. The results prove the effectiveness of our design.
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Li, Jinle. "Model checking transaction properties for concurrent real-time transactions in UPPAAL." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31782.

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As a technique to ensure absence of undesired interference in transactional computations, Concurrency Control (CC) guarantees logical data consistency via providing transaction isolation, thus contributing to their dependability. However, single-version CC, which requires that a transaction system always works on the current version of a data item, may introduce unpredictable delays for real-time transactions because of unbounded blocking time which may cause deadline misses. Compared to single-version CC (current value of a data item is available but the historical values are overwritten and not accessible) mechanism, multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC, historical values of a data item are maintained in a version list and accessible) mechanisms have several advantages. The benefit of multiple versions for concurrency control is helping the scheduler avoid rejecting operations, which could improve the concurrency for real-time transaction systems. Because transactions are less likely to be blocked using MVCC, timeliness could be improved. Transaction isolation levels, out of which the serializable one is the highest, control the degree of interference-freedom of concurrent transactions. Instead of serializable isolation, some MVCC mechanisms are known to achieve a relaxed level of isolation. In order to select an appropriate MVCC mechanism that guarantees both timeliness and an acceptable level of isolation for a given transaction set, trade-off analysis between isolation and timeliness is necessary. However, even though approaches have been proposed to analyze timeliness and isolation together, they only focus on lock-based single-version concurrency control algorithms, not on MVCC. In this thesis, we focus on modeling multi-version based real-time transaction system as a network of timed automata, and verify the consistency of the tradeoff transaction timeliness and isolation in UPPAAL. We propose a modular modeling approach to model real-time multi-version transaction systems by reusing and extending set of basic blocks. The proposed approach not only reduces the modeling efforts, but also enables easy adjustment for adapting current MVCC mechanism to another. Assuming a given transaction set, we model three MVCC algorithms including multi-version Timestamp Ordering, a variant of multi-version Two-Phase locking and a Two-Version Priority Ceiling Protocol, and verify both timeliness and isolation level. The verification results show that Two-Version Priority Ceiling Protocol outperforms the other two MVCC algorithms with the given transaction set.
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Midéus, Gustav, and Chavez Antonio Morales. "RISC-V Thread Isolation : Using Zephyr RTOS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279100.

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Many embedded systems lack a memory management unit (MMU) and thus often also lack protection of memory. This causes these systems to be less robust since the operating system (OS), processes, and threads are no longer isolated from each other. This is also a potential security issue and with the number of embedded systems rapidly increasing as a result of the rise of Internet of things (IoT), vulnerabilities like this could become a major problem. However, with a recent update to the RISC-V processor architecture, a possibility to isolate regions of memory without an MMU was introduced. This study aims to identify problems and possibilities of implementing such memory protection with RISC-V. Based on a study of literature and documentation on memory protection and the RISC-V architecture, a prototype was designed and implemented to determine potential problems and evaluate performance in terms of execution time and memory cost. The developed prototype showed aworking implementation of memory protection for the memory regions with RISC-V. The evaluation of the prototype demonstrated an increase in context switch execution time and memory usage. The results indicate that the implemented memory protection comes with an increased cost in performance with a constant factor and a small memory overhead. Therefore, it is recommended that implementations that wish to implement memory protection with RISC-V on smaller embedded systems where time and memory may be crucial takes the overhead in consideration. Further research and testing is needed to identify optimizations that could improve the performance as well as discover security flaws.
Många inbyggda system saknar en enhet för minneshantering (s.k. MMU) och saknar därför oftast minnesskydd. Detta leder till att dessa system blir mindre robusta eftersom operativsystemet, processer och trådar inte längre är isolerade från varandra. Detta är också en säkerhetsbrist och med antalet inbyggda system som snabbt ökar på grund av tillväxten av Internet of things (IoT), så kan sårbarheter som denna bli ett stort problem. Med en nyligen introducerad uppdatering av RISC-Vprocessor arkitekturen, så introducerades en möjlighet till att isolera minne utan hjälp av en MMU. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera problem och möjligheter av att implementera sådant minneskydd med RISC-V. Baserat på en studie av litteratur och dokumentation om minnesskydd och RISC-V arkitekturen designades och implementerades en prototyp för att hjälpa till att fastställa problem och möjligheter samt göra en utvärdering med avseende på prestanda- och minneskostnader. Den utvecklade prototypen visade en fungerande implementering av minneskydd för minnesregioner med RISC-V. Utvärderingen av prototypen visade en ökad exekveringstid för kontextbyten och ökad minnesanvändning. Resultaten indikerar att det implementerade minneskyddet kommer med en ökad kostnad i prestanda med en konstant faktor och en liten omkostnad i minne. Därför rekommenderas att implementeringar som vill implementera minneskydd med RISC-V på mindre inbyggda system där tid och minne kan vara avgörande tar hänsyn till omkostnaderna. Ytterligare studier och tester behövs för att identifiera optimeringar som kan förbättra prestandan och upptäcka säkerhetsbrister.
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Osborne, Marilyn Huebener. "The Changing Isolation of the Outsider: A Time-based Analysis of Four Canadian Immigrant Writers." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24062.

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This thesis addresses four Canadian immigrant English-language prose writers in order to identify commonalities and differences in their literary representations of the immigrant experience over time. While origin and ethnicity factored in the selection of writers so as to ensure diversity, the primary selection criterion was to obtain a significant historical range, from the 1830s to the present. The writers selected are: Susanna Moodie, an immigrant from England in the mid-19th century; John Marlyn, an immigrant from Hungary in the early-20th century; Michael Ondaatje, an immigrant from Sri Lanka via England in the mid-20th century; and Rawi Hage, an immigrant from Lebanon via the US in the late-20th century. I conclude that there are significant similarities among the works of all four writers, generally attributable to their shared experience of being immigrants, and equally significant areas of divergence, generally attributable to the development of Canada, with Moodie and Marlyn on one side of an important watershed in the mid-1950s, and Ondaatje and Hage on the other. All four write extensively of the experience of the immigrant with a fundamental similarity in their depiction of isolation, non-belonging and dislocation. Over time, the representations of isolation have become more complex, mirroring the increasing diversity and complexity of Canadian society. The mid-1950s shift in Canadian immigration policy from preferred British, US, and Northern European immigration to multinational immigration has resulted in increased diversity of both the Canadian immigrant population and Canadian literature. While the environment of the immigrant to Canada changes, one constant has been and is likely to continue to be a sense of dislocation, non-belonging and isolation, of being an uninvited outsider, or survenant. Canadian literature has reflected this reality consistently for almost 200 years and will no doubt continue to do so.
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Metoldo, Valeria. "Virulence gene expression of three hypervirulent S. pyogenes M1T1 and membrane vesicles isolation." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3961.

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The genus Steptococcus [Rosenbach, 1844] consists of catalase-negative, Gram-positive cocci which are arranged in pairs and chains and are usually facultatively anaerobic. Streptococci are a diverse collection of species inhabiting many body sites and they are both commensals and pathogens. In particular, nonpathogenic streptococci, are the most abundant bacterial species at the oropharyngeal level, and they have been found to exert an important role in the protection against pathogenic agents causing inflammation and infections [Tagg JR et al., 2003]. Much attention has recently been devoted to the analysis of the oral microbiota to develop bacteriotherapy focused on prevention and/or treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. In this regard, a key species is Streptococcus salivarius, a lactic acid bacterium that is mainly encountered in the mouths of human beings. It is the first commensal bacterium that appears in the oral cavity of newborns where it colonizes the upper respiratory tract [Aas JA et al., 2005] and persists there as a predominant member of the native microbiota throughout the life of its human and sole natural host [Favier CF et al., 2002]. Many LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) strains, including S.salivarius, are prolific producers of bacteriocins, which are an abundant and diverse group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that kill or inhibit species closely related to the producer bacterium. Furthermore, according to several studies, large populations of S.salivarius efficiently adhere to oral epithelial cells, especially the papillary surface of the tongue that is a strategic location to carry out a population surveillance within the oral microbiota [Tagg JR et al., 1983; Wescombe PA et al., 2010 ]. The presence of an adhesion system such as pili, fibrils, saliva-binding proteins and host-cell-binding proteins, together with its high competition rate, helps this species to stay in the human mouth [Nobbs AH et al., 2009]. In our laboratory, during my PhD studies, we characterized one strain, S.salivarius 24SMBc, isolated from one healthy child that showed excellent inhibitory activity against S.pneumoniae and S.pyogenes and a potent capacity of adhesion to HEp-2 cells. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical evidence of a probiotic application of S.salivarius 24SMBc for the prevention or reduction of recurrent medium otite (OM) children [Santagati M et al., 2014]. Therefore, this strain was included in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind paediatric trial that involved 100 otitis prone children. This preliminary study showed a reduction of OM episodes in children who received the intranasal administration of this probiotic with respect to children treated with placebo [Santagati M et al., 2014]. The study of S.salivarius 24SMBc ended with the production and marketing of a new medical device, the Rinogermina nasal spray, in collaboration with D.M.G s.r.l Italy. Streptococci, as mentioned above, include both nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. In particular, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci, GAS) is an exclusive human bacterial pathogen. The virulence potential of this species is tremendous. Interactions with humans range from asymptomatic carriage over mild and superficial infections of skin and mucosal membranes up to systemic purulent toxic-invasive disease manifestations [Fiedler T et al., 2015]. Simultaneously with the study of S.salivarius 24SMBc, my PhD project focalized on global regulation of virulence expression genes of three hypervirulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes [Santagati M et al., 2014] and their eventual production of membrane vesicles like new delivery system of virulence-associated components.
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Capitanu, Calin. "Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery : Analysis of two scheduling algorithms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300128.

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Unmanned, as well as manned space missions have seen a high failure rate in the early era of space technology. However, this decreased a lot since technology advanced and engineers learnt from previous experiences and improved critical real time systems with fault detection mechanisms. Fault detection, isolation and recovery, nowadays, is generally available in every flying device. However, the cost of hardware can bottleneck the process of creating such a system that is both robust and responsive. This thesis analyses the possibility of implementing a fault detection, isolation and recovery system inside of a single-threaded, cooperative scheduling operating system. The thesis suggests a cooperative implementation of such a system, where every task is responsible for parts of the fault detection. The analysis is done from both the integration layer, across the operating system and its tasks, as well as from the inside of the detection system, where two key components are implemented and analyzed: debug telemetry and operation modes. Results show that it is possible to implement a fault detection system that is spread across all the components of the satellite and acts cooperatively. Furthermore, the comparison with a traditional, dedicated fault detection system proves that errors can be caught faster with a cooperative mechanism.
Obemannade såväl som bemannade rymduppdrag har sett ett högt misslyckande i rymdteknikens tidiga era. Detta har dock förbättrats mycket sedan ingenjörer började lära sig av sina tidigare erfarenheter och utrustade kritiska realtidssystem med feldetekteringsmekanismer. Idag är alla flygande enheter utrustade med feldetekterings-, isolerings- och återställningsmekanismer. Däremot kan kostnaden för hårdvara vara ett problem för processen att skapa ett sådant system som är både robust och mottagligt. Denna uppsats analyserar möjligheten att implementera ett feldetekterings-, isolerings- och återställningssystem inuti ett enkelgängat samarbetsplaneringssystem. Denna uppsats föreslår ett samarbete för implementering av ett sådant system, där varje uppgift ansvarar för delar av feldetekteringen. Analysen görs från både integrationsskiktet, över operativsystemet och dess uppgifter, samt från insidan av detekteringssystemet, där två nyckelkomponenter implementeras och analyseras. Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att implementera ett feldetekteringssystem som täcker alla satellitkomponenter och som är mottaglig. Dessutom visar jämförelsen med ett traditionellt, dedikerat feldetekteringssystem att fel kan fångas snabbare med en mottagligmekanism.
Misiunile spat,iale cu oameni, atât cât s, i fara oameni, au avut o rata a es, ecurilor destul de ridicata în perioada init,iala a erei tehnologiei spat,iale. În schimb, aceasta a scazut semnificativ odata cu dezvoltarea tehnologiei, dar s, i datorita faptului ca inginerii au învat,at din experient,ele precendente s, i au îmbunatat, it sistemele critice în timp real cu mecanisme de detect,ie a erorilor. Sisteme de detect,ie, izolare s, i recuperare din erori sunt disponibile astazi în aproape toate sistemele spat,iale. Însa, costul echipamentelor poate împiedica crearea unor astfel de sisteme de detect,ie, care sa fie robuste s, i responsive. Aceasta teza analizeaza posibilitatea implementarii unui sistem de detect,ie, izolare s, i recuperare de la erori într-un satelit care este echipat cu un procesor cu un singur fir de execut,ie, care are un sistem de planificare cooperativ în sistemul de operare. Aceasta teza sugereaza o implementare cooperativa a unui astfel de sistem, unde fiecare proces este responsabil de câte o parte din detectarea erorilor. Analiza este realizata atât din perspectiva integrarii în sistemul de operare s, i procesele acestuia, cât s, i din interiorul acestui sistem de detect,ie, unde doua elemente importante sunt implementate s, i analizate: telemetria de depanare s, i modurile de operare. Rezultatele arata faptul ca este posibila implementarea unui sistem de detect,ie care este împart, it în toate componentele sistemului unui satelit s, i se comporta cooperativ. Mai departe, comparat,ia cu un sistem tradit,ional, dedicat, de detect,ie a erorilor arata ca erorile pot fi detectate mai rapid cu un sistem cooperativ.
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Devadason, Tarith Navendran. "The virtual time function and rate-based schedulers for real-time communications over packet networks." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0108.

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[Truncated abstract] The accelerating pace of convergence of communications from disparate application types onto common packet networks has made quality of service an increasingly important and problematic issue. Applications of different classes have diverse service requirements at distinct levels of importance. Also, these applications offer traffic to the network with widely variant characteristics. Yet a common network is expected at all times to meet the individual communication requirements of each flow from all of these application types. One group of applications that has particularly critical service requirements is the class of real-time applications, such as packet telephony. They require both the reproduction of a specified timing sequence at the destination, and nearly instantaneous interaction between the users at the endpoints. The associated delay limits (in terms of upper bound and variation) must be consistently met; at every point where these are violated, the network transfer becomes worthless, as the data cannot be used at all. In contrast, other types of applications may suffer appreciable deterioration in quality of service as a result of slower transfer, but the goal of the transfer can still largely be met. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a class of packet scheduling algorithms in meeting the specific service requirements of real-time applications in a converged network environment. Since the proposal of Weighted Fair Queueing, there have been several schedulers suggested to be capable of meeting the divergent service requirements of both real-time and other data applications. ... This simulation study also sheds light on false assumptions that can be made about the isolation produced by start-time and finish-time schedulers based on the deterministic bounds obtained. The key contributions of this work are as follows. We clearly show how the definition of the virtual time function affects both delay bounds and delay distributions for a real-time flow in a converged network, and how optimality is achieved. Despite apparent indications to the contrary from delay bounds, the simulation analysis demonstrates that start-time rate-based schedulers possess useful characteristics for real-time flows that the traditional finish-time schedulers do not. Finally, it is shown that all the virtual time rate-based schedulers considered can produce isolation problems over multiple hops in networks with high loading. It becomes apparent that the benchmark First-Come-First-Served scheduler, with spacing and call admission control at the network ingresses, is a preferred arrangement for real-time flows (although lower priority levels would also need to be implemented for dealing with other data flows).
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Books on the topic "Time isolation"

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C, DeLaat John, Bruton William M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office., eds. Advanced detection, isolation, and accomodation of sensor failures, real-time evaluation. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1987.

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C, DeLaat John, Bruton William M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office., eds. Advanced detection, isolation, and accomodation of sensor failures, real-time evaluation. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1987.

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Merrill, Walter C. Advanced detection, isolation, and accommodation of sensor failures - real-time evaluation. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1987.

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C, Merrill Walter, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Advanced detection, isolation, and accommodation of sensor failures in turbofan engines: Real-time microcomputer implementation. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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Florence, Dennis E. Time and frequency domain synthesis in the optimal design of shock and vibration isolation for large structural systems. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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C, DeLaat John, and Lewis Research Center, eds. A real-time simulation evaluation of an advanced detection, isolation and accommodation algorithm for sensor failures in turbine engines. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Benford, Gregory. Deep time: How humanity communicates across millennia. New York: Avon, 1999.

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Hikikomori kara mita mirai: Sign of the times 2005-2010. Tōkyō: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 2010.

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Foulds, Adam. The truth about these strange times. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007.

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Rogers, Hiromi T. Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823858.

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The year is 1600. It is April and Japan’s iconic cherry trees are in full flower. A battered ship drifts on the tide into Usuki Bay in southern Japan. On board, barely able to stand, are twenty-three Dutchmen and one Englishman, the remnants of a fleet of five ships and 500 men that had set out from Rotterdam in 1598. The Englishman was William Adams, later to be known as Anjin Miura by the Japanese, whose subsequent transformation from wretched prisoner to one of the Shogun’s closest advisers is the centrepiece of this book. As a native of Japan, and a scholar of seventeenth-century Japanese history, the author delves deep into the cultural context facing Adams in what is one of the great examples of assimilation into the highest reaches of a foreign culture. Her access to Japanese sources, including contemporary accounts – some not previously seen by Western scholars researching the subject – offers us a fuller understanding of the life lived by William Adams as a high-ranking samurai and his grandstand view of the collision of cultures that led to Japan’s self-imposed isolation, lasting over two centuries. This is a highly readable account of Adams’ voyage to and twenty years in Japan and that is supported by detailed observations of Japanese culture and society at this time. New light is shed on Adams’ relations with the Dutch and his countrymen, including the disastrous relationship with Captain John Saris, the key role likely to have been played by the munitions, including cannon, removed from Adams’ ship De Liefde in the great battle of Sekigahara (September 1600), the shipbuilding skills that enabled Japan to advance its international maritime ambitions, as well as the scientific and technical support Adams was able to provide in the refining process of Japan’s gold and silver.
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Book chapters on the topic "Time isolation"

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Anderson, Austin R., and Eric Knee. "Queer Isolation or Queering Isolation? Reflecting upon the Ramifications of COVID-19 on the Future of Queer Leisure Spaces." In Leisure in the Time of Coronavirus, 196–202. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145301-27.

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Guan, Haiyan, and Kaiping Yang. "RNA Isolation and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 259–70. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_19.

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Luna-Vargas, Mark P. A., Jarvier N. Mohammed, Jesse D. Gelles, and Jerry Edward Chipuk. "Mitochondrial Isolation and Real-Time Monitoring of MOMP." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 121–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8861-7_8.

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Gao, Xue, and Qian Chen. "Active Vibration Isolation Via Nonlinear Velocity Time-Delayed Feedback." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 73–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8832-8_6.

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O'Donnell, Ian. "Psychological survival in isolation: Tussling with time on death row." In Living on death row: The psychology of waiting to die., 193–211. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000084-008.

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Lipton, Briony. "Closed Doors: Academic Collegiality, Isolation, Competition and Resistance in the Contemporary Australian University." In Time and Space in the Neoliberal University, 15–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15246-8_2.

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Pryor, Brandy N. Kelly, and Corliss Outley. "“Last Night a DJ Saved My Life” @Dnice #ClubQuarantine: Digitally Mediating Ritualistic Leisure Spaces during Isolation." In Leisure in the Time of Coronavirus, 105–13. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145301-15.

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Wang, Dong, and Wei Wang. "Distributed Fault Detection and Isolation for Discrete Time Multi-agent Systems." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 496–505. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45261-5_52.

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Baratta, A., and O. Corbi. "Active base isolation of m.d.o.f. structures by a time-convolution algorithm." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 371–78. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211198-52.

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Weng, Yu, and Lei Liu. "A Sequence Anomaly Detection Approach Based on Isolation Forest Algorithm for Time-Series." In High-Performance Computing Applications in Numerical Simulation and Edge Computing, 198–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9987-0_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Time isolation"

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Huang, Pengcheng, Georgia Giannopoulou, Rehan Ahmed, Davide B. Bartolini, and Lothar Thiele. "An Isolation Scheduling Model for Multicores." In 2015 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2015.21.

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Lerner, Ralf, Uwe Eckoldt, Klaus Schottmann, Steffen Heinz, Klaus Erler, Andre Lange, and Gunter Ebest. "Time Dependent Isolation Capability of High Voltage Deep Trench Isolation." In IC's (ISPSD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispsd.2008.4538934.

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Panchamukhi, Shrinivas Anand, and Frank Mueller. "Providing task isolation via TLB coloring." In 2015 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtas.2015.7108391.

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Gu, Xiaozhe, Arvind Easwaran, Kieu-My Phan, and Insik Shin. "Resource Efficient Isolation Mechanisms in Mixed-Criticality Scheduling." In 2015 27th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecrts.2015.9.

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Chisholm, Micaiah, Bryan C. Ward, Namhoon Kim, and James H. Anderson. "Cache Sharing and Isolation Tradeoffs in Multicore Mixed-Criticality Systems." In 2015 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2015.36.

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Meder, L., D. Emschermann, J. Fruhauf, W. F. J. Muller, and J. Becker. "A timing synchronizer system for beam test setups requiring galvanic isolation." In 2016 IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2016.7543119.

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Donovan, Joseph B. "Vibration isolation of acceleration sensitive devices." In 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2011.5977302.

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Bahrampour, S., and M. Saif. "Time Series Clustering for Fault Detection and Isolation." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.697-074.

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Mock, Adam. "Optical Isolation using Compact Time-modulated Cavity Array." In 2020 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/aces49320.2020.9196077.

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Walls, Warren F., and Fred L. Walls. "A Practical Guide to Isolation Amplifier Selection." In 2007 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.2007.4319134.

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Reports on the topic "Time isolation"

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Rudman, Debbie Laliberte, and Rebecca M. Aldrich. Social Isolation, Third Places, and Precarious Employment Circumstances: A Scoping Review. University of Western Ontario, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/otpub.2022.54.

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Rising rates of social isolation in Canada and other middle- and high-income countries have turned scholarly attention to the kinds of places that facilitate social connections. “Third places” - physical and virtual places beyond home (first places) and work (second places) - are thought to foster social interaction, connection, belonging, and support. This evidence brief reports on a SSHRC funded knowledge synthesis that linked understandings about “third places” with situations of precarious employment, given that people facing precarious employment circumstances often lack the social opportunities and resources associated with stable workplaces. This scoping review assessed what is known about the types and characteristics of “third places” that help maintain social connectedness and address social isolation for adults experiencing precarious employment circumstances. The project examined English-language research articles published in multidisciplinary academic journals between 2012 and 2022. The review captured diverse forms of employment (i.e., gig work, involuntary part-time work, seasonal work, temporary migrant work) characterized as transient, non-permanent, unpredictable, having few worker protections or rights, and associated with low or unpredictable remuneration, as well as cyclical and long-term unemployment. In addition to synthesizing study results, findings attend to how studies addressed diverse social positions and studies’ geographic locations, methodologies, methods, and quality. The goal of the project was to understand the current state of knowledge on this topic; create dialogue about how social isolation can be addressed through precarious workers’ engagement with “third places”; and identify opportunities for stakeholders to partner on place-based interventions with people experiencing precarious employment circumstances.
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Hart, Carl. Vibration survey of Room 47 with a laser doppler vibrometer : Main Laboratory Basement, U.S. Army ERDC-CRREL. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38919.

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Plans are underway to create an acousto-optic laboratory on the campus of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. For this purpose, existing space in the basement of the Main Laboratory will be renovated. Demanding measurement techniques, such as interferometry, require a sufficiently quiet vibration environment (i.e., low vibration levels). As such, characterization of existing vibration conditions is necessary to determine vibration isolation requirements so that highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible. To this end, existing vibro-acoustic conditions were briefly surveyed in Room 47, a part of the future laboratory. The survey measured ambient noise and ambient vertical floor vibrations. The ambient vibration environment was characterized according to generic velocity criteria (VC), which are one-third octave band vibration limits. At the time of the survey, the ambient vibration environment fell under a VC-A designation, where the tolerance limit is 2000 μin/s across all one-third octave bands. Under this condition, highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible on a vibration-isolated working surface. The conclusion of this report provides isolation efficiency requirements that satisfy VC-E limits (125 μin/s), which are necessary for interferometric measurements.
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Heyns,, Christof, Rachel Jewkes,, Sandra Liebenberg,, and Christopher Mbazira,. The Hidden Crisis: Mental Health on Times of Covid-19. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0066.

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[This Report links with the video "The policy & practice of drug, alcohol & tobacco use during Covid-19" http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11911/171 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic is most notably a physical health crisis, but it strongly affects mental health as well. Social isolation, job and financial losses, uncertainty about the real impact of the crisis, and fear for physical well-being affect the mental health of many people worldwide. These stressors can increase emotional distress and lead to depression and anxiety disorders. At the same time, there are enormous challenges on the health care side. People in need of mental health support have been increasingly confronted with limitations and interruptions of mental health services in many countries. In May 2020, the United Nations already warned that the COVID-19 pandemic has the seeds of a major mental health crisis if action is not taken. The panel discussed and analysed mental health in times of the COVID-19 pandemic with reference to South Africa, Nigeria, Germany and Spain.
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Enstrom, K. Sensor 17 Thermal Isolation Mounting Structure (TIMS) Design Improvements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223845.

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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. Married adolescents: An overview. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1005.

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The nascent work reviewed in this compendium indicates that married girls experience significant social isolation and limited autonomy. Across the studies examined, on indicators of mobility, exposure to media, and social networks, married girls are consistently disadvantaged compared to their unmarried peers. Similarly, across studies, on most of the domains explored here (mobility, decision-making, control over economic resources, and possibly gender-based violence), married girls tend to be less empowered and more isolated than slightly older married females. There may also be health issues associated with marriage during adolescence. Married girls are frequently at a disadvantage in terms of reproductive health information—particularly regarding STIs and HIV. First-time mothers, many of whom are adolescents, by virtue of their parity may have distinct maternal health needs and risks. Finally, early marriage potentially plays a role in exposing girls and young women to severe reproductive health risks, including HIV. Many of these elevated health risks may be largely, though not exclusively, derivative of their social vulnerability.
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Ahluwalia, Manvir, Katie Shillington, and Jennifer Irwin. The Relationship Between Resilience and Mental Health of Undergraduate Students: A Scoping Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0075.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to examine what is known about the relationship between the resilience and mental health of undergraduate students enrolled in university or college programs globally. Background: For many undergraduate students, higher education acts as a personal investment in preparation for the workforce, while ultimately allowing students to develop cultural capital (Kromydas, 2017). The transition to university or college is also accompanied by important life changes such as moving to a new campus, meeting new people, and increasing self-efficacy to maintain independent responsibilities (i.e., meeting deadlines, completing household chores, and managing expenses; Henri et al., 2018). As a result, navigating these life changes can contribute to feelings of isolation, as many undergraduate students are disconnected from their friends and families (Diehl et al., 2018). Saleh and colleagues (2017) found that young adults in university or college experience higher levels of stress compared to their non-student counterparts. These stressors are attributed to a more challenging workload compared to that of high school, living with new roommates, and financial concerns (Karyotaki et al., 2020). In the face of these stressors, many undergraduate students are likely to experience mental health challenges either for the first time or in an exacerbated manner, potentially depleting their resilience (Abiola, 2017).
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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Zvi Kam Weizmann. functional genomic screen for new plant cytoskeletal proteins and the determination of their role in actin mediated functions and guard cells regulation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587725.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal were: 1. To construct a YFP fused Arabidopsis cDNA library in a mammalian expression vector. 2. To infect the library into a host fibroblast cell line and to screen for new cytoskeletal associated proteins using an automated microscope. 3. Isolate the new genes. 4. Characterize their role in plants. The project was approved as a feasibility study to allow proof of concept that would entail building the YFP library and picking up a couple of positive clones using the fluorescent screen. We report here on the construction of the YFP library, the development of the automatic microscope, the establishment of the screen and the isolation of positive clones that are plant cDNAs encoding cytoskeleton associated proteins. The rational underling a screen of plant library in fibroblasts is based on the high conservation of the cytoskeleton building blocks, actin and tubulin, between the two kingdoms (80-90% homology at the level of amino acids sequence). In addition, several publications demonstrated the recognition of mammalian cytoskeleton by plant cytoskeletal binding proteins and vice versa. The major achievements described here are: 1. The development of an automated microscope equipped with fast laser auto-focusing for high magnification and a software controlling 6 dimensions; X, Y position, auto focus, time, color, and the distribution and density of the fields acquired. This system is essential for the high throughput screen. 2. The construction of an extremely competent YFP library efficiently cloned (tens of thousands of clones collected, no empty vectors detected) with all inserts oriented 5't03'. These parameters render it well representative of the whole transcriptome and efficient in "in-frame" fusion to YFP. 3. The strategy developed for the screen allowing the isolation of individual positive cDNA clones following three rounds of microscopic scans. The major conclusion accomplished from the work described here is that the concept of using mammalian host cells for fishing new plant cytoskeletal proteins is feasible and that screening system developed is complete for addressing one of the major bottlenecks of the plant cytoskeleton field: the need for high throughput identification of functionally active cytoskeletal proteins. The new identified plant cytoskeletal proteins isolated in the pilot screen and additional new proteins which will be isolated in a comprehensive screen will shed light on cytoskeletal mediated processes playing a major role in cellular activities such as cell division, morphogenesis, and functioning such as chloroplast positioning, pollen tube and root hair elongation and the movement of guard cells. Therefore, in the long run the screen described here has clear agricultural implications.
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Yu, Y. S. Capabilities, limitations and the use of the GEOROC computer package. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/325534.

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Computer codes have been used by various researchers in modelling viscoelastic formations, with a good degree of success. Serata used a complex rheological model, REM (Rheological Element Model) code, to simulate mine openings [2]. Others, in the U.S. Nuclear Waste Isolation Programme, have evaluated the capability of various codes for the design of nuclear waste repository [3]. Because of the proprietary nature of the above codes, they are not available to mine operators in Canada. Consequently, in 1984, CANMET initiated a research project to develop a numerical modelling package for use in the design of underground potash mine openings. GEOROC is the resultant computer program; it was developed by RE/SPEC Ltd., of Calgary under contract to CANMET. In recent years, computer simulation is playing an increasingly important role in evaluating the short and long term structural stability of underground mine openings, and in ground control studies related to mine design and layout. Such simulations are increasingly being used in the design of underground salt and potash mines. Because of the viscoelastic nature of salt rock formations, simulation models must take into consideration their time dependent properties if they are to correctly predict opening closures, ground stresses, and ground stability based on prescribed failure criteria. This presentation describes the capabilities, limitations and the use of computer code - GEOROC. A case history in which GEOROC is used to simulate a typical room and pillar mining section of a Western Canadian potash mine is provided. Predicted ground behaviour using the code is compared with actual behaviour as determined through field measurements. Results indicate that good correlation exits between predicted and measured ground behaviour, and is an encouragement to greater use of modelling in mine stability studies related to mine design.
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Carrasquilla-Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo-Andrade, Gerardo Hernández-Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca-Olano, Carolina Soto, Roberto Steiner-Sampedro, and Juan José Echavarría-Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.07-2020.

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In Colombia, as well as in the rest of the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged the health and well-being of the people. In order to limit the damage, local and national authorities have had to order large sectors of the population to be confined at their homes for long periods of time. An inevitable consequence of isolation has been the collapse of economic activity, expenditure, and employment, a phenomenon that has hit many countries of the world affected by the disease. It is an unprecedented crisis in modern times, not so much for its intensity (which is undoubtedly immense), but because its origin is not economic. That is what makes it so unpredictable and difficult to manage. Naturally, its economic consequences are enormous. Governments and central banks from all over the world are struggling to mitigate them, but the final solution is not in the hands of the economic authorities. Only science can provide a way out. In the meantime, the economic indicators in Colombia and in the rest of the world cause concern. The output falls, the massive loss of jobs, and the closure of businesses of all sizes have become daily news. Added to this, there is the deterioration in global financial conditions and the increase in the risk indicators. Financial volatility has increased and stock indexes have fallen. In the face of the lower global demand, export prices of raw materials have fallen, affecting the terms of trade for producing countries. Workers’ remittances have declined due to the increase of unemployment in developed countries. This crisis has also generated a strong reduction of global trade of goods and services, and effects on the global value chains. Central banks around the world have reacted decisively and quickly with strong liquidity injections and significant cuts to their interest rates. By mid-July, such determined response had succeeded to revert much of the initial deterioration in global financial conditions. The stock exchanges stopped their fall, and showed significant recovery in several countries. Risk premia, which at the beginning of the crisis took an unusual leap, recorded substantial corrections. Something similar happened with the volatility indexes of global financial markets, which exhibited significant improvement. Flexibilization of confinement measures in some economies, broad global liquidity, and fiscal policy measures have also contributed to improve global external financial conditions, albeit with indicators that still do not return to their pre-Covid levels.
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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.

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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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