Books: 'Time-in procedures'

1

Kingore, Bertie W. Implementing portfolios: Time-saving procedures for busy teachers. Abilene, Tex: Professional Associates Pub., 1997.

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2

Kingore, Bertie W. Assessment: Time-saving procedures for busy teachers. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: Professional Associates, 1999.

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3

Wray, R. J. Time to reflect: An ethnographic inquiry, using modified grounded theory procedures, in to the reflective beginnings of first placement student nurses on a Project 2000 course. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

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4

Antoun, Bonnie. Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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5

Sargent, Robert G. An investigation of finite sample behavior of confidence interval estimation procedures in computer simulation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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6

Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.

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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.

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7

Veer, E. van der. Schadecompensatie bij overschrijding van de redelijke termijn: Rechtsbescherming tegen schending van het beginsel van de redelijke termijn in strafrechtelijke en civielrechtelijke procedures. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers, 2011.

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8

W, Kennedy Leslie, ed. The criminal event: Perspectives in space and time. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2002.

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9

John, McGready, and United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics., eds. Time served in prison by federal offenders, 1986-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999.

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10

Morabito, V. Class actions in Victoria: Time for a new approach. Melbourne: Victorian Attorney-General's Law Reform Advisory Council, 1997.

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11

Latzer, Barry. Justice delayed?: Time consumption in capital appeals : a multistate study. [New York, N.Y.?]: John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 2007.

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12

Beck, Allen J. Violent offenders in state prison: Sentences and time served. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995.

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13

Barnoski, Robert P. First-time juvenile offenders in Washington State: Where do they serve their sentences? Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 1996.

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14

Barnoski, Robert P. First-time juvenile offenders in Washington State: Where do they serve their sentences? Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 1996.

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15

Virtanen, Tuija. Discourse functions of adverbial placement in English: Clause-initial adverbials of time and place in narratives and procedural place descriptions. Åbo: Åbo Akademis Förlag, 1992.

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16

Reed, Tom. Sanctioning first time convicted felony offenders in the community: The changing profile of offenders. Austin, Tex: Criminal Justice Policy Council, 1996.

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17

Popova, Elena. Pre-trial cooperation agreement: criminal procedural and forensic aspects. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1003100.

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The textbook analyzes the rules governing the special procedure for making a pre-trial decision on cooperation, problems arising during their implementation, and offers recommendations for resolving these problems. To consolidate the passed material, various types of practical tasks and topics for writing abstracts and reports are offered. As part of the implementation of the practice-oriented approach in training, the texts of real (at the same time impersonal) procedural documents containing errors are presented, which are proposed to be identified using the material contained in the manual. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education, studying in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as graduate students, students of additional professional education, teachers, scientists and employees of preliminary investigation, other law enforcement agencies, as well as a wide range of readers interested in criminal proceedings, criminology and advocacy.

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18

Read, Matthew, and Christopher V. Maani. Procedures in the Adult and Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0028.

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Bedside procedures in the ICU are an integral component of critical care medicine. Anesthesiologists who are assigned to the ICU must adapt principles of safe and effective anesthesia practice to this novel outside-of-the-operating-room environment. There are several reasons for surgical procedures to sometimes be performed at the bedside in the ICU, such as the avoidance of transporting unstable patients from the ICU to the OR, or the lack of adequate time to mobilize resources to perform an urgent procedure in the OR. Readiness of the entire ICU team is essential to avoid compromising care due to production pressure or lack of standards routine to the OR environment. This chapter discusses the types of procedures performed in the ICU and reviews the requirements of performing them successfully.

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19

F, Festa John, Minton Sidney M, and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, eds. Procedures used at AOML to quality control real time XBT data collected in the Atlantic Ocean. Miami, Fla: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1994.

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20

Age and gender differences in preschooler's social-cognitive play: A comparison of two time sampling procedures. 1986.

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21

Contini, Francesco, and Antonio Cordella. Law and Technology in Civil Judicial Procedures. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.47.

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This chapter analyses how technological systems shape the actions and the outcomes of judicial proceedings, through discussing the regulative regimes underpinning technical and legal deployment. The negotiation, mediation, or conflict between law and technology offer a new dimension to account for the digital transformation shaping the institutional settings and procedural frameworks of judicial institutions. These changes are not just instances of applied law, but are also the result of the transformation of law evolving into technological deployments. The chapter concludes that technological innovation in the judiciary unfolds in techno-legal assemblages. Technologies shape judicial institutions as they translate formal rules and existing practices into the code of technology. At the same time, technologies call for new regulations, which make legally compliant the use of given technological components within judicial proceedings. Such new techno-legal assemblages generate new institutional settings and profound changes in the administration of civil justice.

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22

Leaper, David J. Theatre procedures and prophylaxis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198510567.003.0002.

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Theatre discipline 30Patient care in operating theatre 32Day case surgery 34Evaluation of X-rays in surgery 36Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis 38Antibiotic prophylaxis 40Bowel preparation 42HIV and AIDS precautions 44There are many time-honoured procedures in theatre which do not have an accepted evidence base. Nevertheless it would flaunt danger to disregard them, particularly as we currently enjoy the lowest figure of morbidity and mortality despite operating on a sicker and old cohort of patient. There are some downsides; the increase of emergent and resistant organisms such as ...

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23

Hall, Richard, Bonnie Antoun, H. Jerry Qi, Hongbing Lu, Jevan Furmanski, Alireza Amirkhizi, G. P. Tandon, and Charles Lu. Challenges In Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2. Springer, 2016.

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24

Maani, Christopher V., and Gaelen Horne. Anesthesia for Urologic Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0024.

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With advances in technology over the past few decades and the development of new and less invasive surgical techniques, procedures that once required a traditional operating room can now be accomplished in smaller outpatient settings. Maximizing efficiency and improving patient outcomes, while minimizing hospitalization and recovery time has become a focus of many anesthetic practices throughout the United States. Because more procedures are being performed in outpatient and outside of the OR (OOOR) settings, it is increasingly important for the anesthesiologist to ensure patient and personnel safety in addition to providing an optimal anesthetic for the patient. This chapter will discuss anesthesia for common urologic outpatient/OOOR procedures, including cystourethroscopy, ureteroscopy, transurethral procedures except TURP, laser use, percutaneous renal procedures, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

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25

Metcalf, Michael, John Reid, and Malcolm Cohen. Intrinsic procedures and modules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811893.003.0009.

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The means by which intrinsic procedures (functions and subroutines) may be referenced are given, followed by descriptions of all the intrinsic procedures defined by the standard. These include the inquiry, elemental, and transformational functions, procedures for bit and character manipulation, functions for the construction and manipulation of arrays, and subroutines for accessing the computing environment including the elapsed and real time. The facilities available from intrinsic modules, in particular for obtaining information about the Fortran environment, are introduced.

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26

Schmitt, Neal, and Jessica Fandre. Validity of Selection Procedures. Edited by Susan Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0008.

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This article addresses two major issues: How psychologists conceptualize the validity of the procedures they develop and use to select employees; and what reasonable estimates of the validity of those procedures are. Changes in the way one conceptualizes validity are obvious in the American Psychological Association Guidelines, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Principles, as well as recent textbook treatments of validity. At the same time that these changes in the ideas about measure validity have occurred, the use of meta-analysis has radically changed the discipline's thinking regarding the magnitude of the validity and utility of selection procedures, as well as their generalizability. Procedures developed to assess the extent of validity generalization have prompted a focus on true validity.

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27

Oryhan, Christine, Kevin Vorenkamp, and Daniel Warren. Anticoagulation Regimens and Interventional Pain Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0039.

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With the aging population and new anticoagulant medications, such as direct oral anticoagulants, being marketed in the United States, it is very important for pain physicians to be aware of the anticoagulants available and how they affect the safety of interventional pain procedures. In addition to anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications, other medications commonly used in the chronic pain population may put patients at increased risk of bleeding complications. Certain patient characteristics, particularly in the chronic pain population, may also increase a patient’s risk of bleeding. The chapter reviews common and emerging anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications and the ideal holding time before or after interventional pain procedures, particularly in the spine. The chapter also discusses the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of spinal epidural hematomas.

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28

Frase, Richard S. Principles and Procedures for Sentencing of Multiple Current Offenses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the sentencing principles and procedures for multiple current offenses. It examines a seeming paradox: when multiple crimes are sentenced at one time or close together in time (simultaneous offenses), they are often sentenced much less harshly than when the same crimes are sentenced over a longer period of time (sequential offenses). Sequential offenses almost always receive penalties that are, in effect, fully cumulative (because all earlier sentences have already been entirely served), whereas simultaneous offenses typically receive less than fully cumulative penalties. The chapter first considers the diverse forms that multiple offending and the resulting criminal charges can take before highlighting several consistent differences between simultaneous and sequential offenses that justify presumptions in favor of more lenient treatment of simultaneous offenses cases. It also presents five proposals to make multiple-offense sentencing more principled and consistent.

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29

Inverse sequential procedures for the monitoring of time series: Final technical report, period covered by report, 10/1/91 - 9/30/95 : detecting change in progress. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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30

Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2012 ... Society for Experimental Mechanics Series). Springer, 2012.

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31

Hall, Richard, Bonnie Antoun, H. Jerry Qi, Hongbing Lu, Jevan Furmanski, Alireza Amirkhizi, G. P. Tandon, and Charles Lu. Challenges In Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2013 ... Society for Experimental Mechanics Series). Springer, 2013.

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32

Brandt, Sebastian, and Hartmut Gehring. Anaesthesia for medical imaging and bronchoscopic procedures. Edited by Peter F. Mahoney and Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0077.

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Anaesthesia in ‘remote areas’ is required for medical imaging (CT, MRI, PET-CT), angiography, endoscopy, and interventions (stenting, thrombectomy, coiling, laser therapy, biopsies, radiotherapy) in a number of medical disciplines (paediatrics, radiology, cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, surgery, cardiac surgery, emergency medicine). The spectrum of anaesthetic techniques is broad. It reaches from standby (monitored anaesthesia care), through analgesia and sedation (with spontaneous breathing), to general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Regional anaesthesia techniques are also required under certain circumstances. In the last few years there has been a move away from open procedures to interventional techniques. The complexity of these interventions has increased (i.e. interventional cardiac valve replacements) and the patients tend to be older and suffer from a multitude of co-morbidities. Many of these interventions are performed in the ‘hostile environment’ of the intervention suite. Intervention suites are typically not designed to offer anaesthetists an ideal working area. The space may be limited and medical equipment impedes access to the patient. The infrastructure may be suboptimal (e.g. no central medical gases supply). Protection for staff and equipment against radiation and high magnetic fields must be considered. Loud noise from machinery and shielded walls, doors, and windows may hinder communication and hearing acoustic alarms. The distance to the operating theatre may be considerable and thus support from senior anaesthetists and supply of additional equipment may take some time to arrive. Anaesthesia outside the operating theatre is sometimes underestimated as trivial. Performing a ‘quick’ interventional case can evolve within seconds into a challenge even for the experienced anaesthesiologist if a surgical or anaesthesiological complication occurs. Non-operating-theatre anaesthesia has a higher severity of injuries and more substandard care than operating theatre anaesthesia. This is not acceptable and anaesthetists must ensure the same high standard of anaesthesia care and patient safety both inside and outside the operating theatre.

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33

Lakschevitz, Eduardo. Conducting Corporate Choirs in Brazil. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.14.

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Corporate choirs represent a large part of choral music-making in Brazil. Many Brazilian companies hire choral directors to develop group singing activities with their employees, thanks in part to the recent Music Education Bill. These directors face very particular challenges that are rarely considered in their training at colleges and universities. Nonetheless, they are a significant part of the work of choral directors in Brazil. Leading a peripheral activity in relation to the company’s core business, lack of rehearsal time, volunteer singer participation, inappropriate physical conditions, management that is not akin to the arts field, and easy access to contemporary urban activities and gadgets are some factors that create these particular challenges. The corporate choir director must bridge these factors with musical procedures of their work, and approach with a more critical view issues such as repertory choice, conducting techniques, and rehearsal procedures.

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34

Fuchs, Anne. The Trouble with Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190461454.003.0007.

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Analyzing the discourse on timekeeping and lateness in Kafka’s The Trial, the author demonstrates that the novel overturns modernity’s one-sided, speed-as-progress narrative by puncturing the chronology and linearity of time with metaphysical time. Josef K.’s inability to keep time or to stay attentive when it really matters makes him a protagonist who has lost the capacity to acknowledge the possibility of a different temporality. He therefore misreads his trial by interpreting it solely with reference to modern notions of legal evidence, procedures, and institutions. Intersecting the analysis of Kafka’s handling of narrative time with a discussion of how manifestations of metaphysical time in the novel challenge Josef K.’s modern control over time and modernity’s time regime, the chapter foregrounds temporal ambivalence as a central feature of Kafka’s world.

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35

Stockman, Joel, and Lisa Lee. Peripheral Nerve Blockade in the Pediatric Patient. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0056.

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Peripheral nerve blockade among the pediatric and adult population has seen continuous growth over the past decade. Improvements in ultrasonography and proven safety with minimal complications further the utilization of upper and lower extremity blockade. Procedures can safely be completed under general anesthesia in the pediatric patient. Catheters can be left in place to prolong blockade, allowing the patient to decrease narcotic pain medication for longer time periods. Contraindications include patient refusal, coagulopathy, and local infection. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks deliver prolonged analgesia and offer an alternative to opioid-based pain therapy for procedures with all projected pain types—mild to severe. Appropriate patient selection is necessary for ensuring safety when sending patients home with a catheter/delivery system.

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36

Wilkes, Antony R. Equipment in anaesthesia. Edited by Antony R. Wilkes and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0024.

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The anaesthetist will routinely use many different types of medical devices during normal working practice, and will have access to many other devices for more challenging use in emergency and other difficult scenarios. The anaesthetist will expect and rely on each medical device to work first time and not to compromise the safety of the user, the patient, their relatives, or other healthcare workers in the vicinity. The equipment will also be expected to be effective, that is, that it will perform as expected when used in a defined population of patients (e.g. small children). Manufacturers and users of equipment use risk management procedures to reduce the risk to patients and others of using the equipment. Following use, the equipment will need to be reprocessed to make it safe for use for a subsequent patient, or disposed of safely.

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37

Nyman, Jonna. ‘Common Sense’ Energy Security in China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 provides another analysis of common sense energy security practices that cause insecurity, this time in China. The chapter provides some historical context on energy in China and policy-making procedures, and then looks directly at how energy security (nengyuan anquan) has been practised in Chinese energy security policy since 2004. It examines how energy security was constructed in official discourse in the same time period, drawing out key themes. It notes the ways in which these practices interact to create an accepted ‘common sense’ notion of energy security, where self-sufficiency is key to national security and how this leads to a focus on increasing domestic production of coal, oil, and gas. The chapter concludes by showing how these practices produce an energy security paradox.

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38

Marx, Gernot, and Michael Fries. Acute illness in the postoperative period. Edited by Neil Soni and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0089.

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As more complex and risky surgical procedures are carried out in industrialized countries, anaesthetists are confronted with higher incidences of acute life-threatening conditions during the perioperative period. This is especially true for older patients with concomitant morbidities. Sepsis, cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and stroke, as well as massive bleeding are among the most severe complications that may arise during any time in the postoperative period starting as early as in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Early identification along with rapid stabilization of vital signs are key to improving outcomes in these patients.

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39

Araújo, Clara, Anna Calasanti, and Mala Htun. Women, Power, and Policy in Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0012.

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Clara Araújo, Anna Calasanti, and Mala Htun explore the obstacles to women’s political representation in Brazil. They argue that the reasons for women’s low numbers in elected office derive from aspects of the country’s political institutions. These include candidate-centered electoral rules, the fragmentation of the party system, and decentralized nomination procedures within political parties. The high cost of political campaigns, and the interaction of incumbency and access to television time for candidates, augment these barriers. Despite their low numbers, women in elected office have worked together through a women’s caucus in Congress (bancada feminina) to promote legislation on women’s rights issues.

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40

Elkhateb, Rania, and Jill M. Mhyre. Difficult Airway: Special Considerations in Pregnancy. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0053.

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Pregnant patients are at increased risk of difficult airway management due to both anatomic and physiologic changes that occur with pregnancy and during the process of labor. While the majority of surgical procedures on labor and delivery are performed with neuraxial anesthesia, general anesthesia may be required at any time. As such, all anesthesia professionals must be prepared at all times for unplanned and emergent obstetric airway management, including management of the difficult airway in the parturient. Strategies include assessment of patient risk early in labor, maintaining difficult airway equipment in the labor and delivery suites, conducting simulation scenarios of difficult and failed airway management, and following difficult airway management algorithms.

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41

Ritchie, Karen. Psychometric assessment in older people. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0002.

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Psychometrics permits the quantification of cognition, affect and behaviour, thus permitting both the identification of pathology and degree of deviation from normality. These methods have been principally used in older populations to screen affective and cognitive disorders, as an adjunct to the differential diagnosis of different forms of cognitive dysfunction and also to describe and monitor the functional consequences of pathology. The application of psychometric tests in older populations raises several problems, notably the confounding effects of associated pathologies, changing definitions of disease threshold in parallel with advances in medical technology, and inadequate knowledge of normal information processing at higher ages. Computerized assessment, once considered inappropriate in older populations, is now commonly used to standardize administration procedures and tailor testing to individual competency. It has also permitted the more accurate measurement of information processing time, which is important in the diagnosis of many neuropsychiatric disorders.

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42

Verdier, Pierre-Hugues, and Mila Versteeg. International Law in National Legal Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0010.

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International legal scholars have long recognized the importance of the relationship between international law and domestic legal systems. This chapter draws upon a new data set, which covers 101 countries for the period 1815–2013 and records specific features of national approaches to international law, including treaty-making procedures, the status of treaties in domestic law, and the reception of customary international law. The chapter finds that national legal systems have become more likely to give treaties direct effect and hierarchical superiority over domestic law, but at the same time have steadily expanded the categories of treaties whose ratification requires prior legislative approval. With respect to CIL, the chapter finds that the vast majority of national legal systems now recognize custom as directly applicable, at least in principle, but generally consider it to be hierarchically inferior to domestic law. The chapter discusses the implications of these findings for comparative international law.

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43

Rittle-Johnson, Bethany, and Michael Schneider. Developing Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Mathematics. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.014.

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Mathematical competence rests on developing knowledge of concepts and of procedures (i.e. conceptual and procedural knowledge). Although there is some variability in how these constructs are defined and measured, there is general consensus that the relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge are often bi-directional and iterative. The chapter reviews recent studies on the relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge in mathematics and highlights examples of instructional methods for supporting both types of knowledge. It concludes with important issues to address in future research, including gathering evidence for the validity of measures of conceptual and procedural knowledge and specifying more comprehensive models for how conceptual and procedural knowledge develop over time.

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44

Kočka, Viktor, Steen Dalby Kristensen, William Wijns, Petr Toušek, and Petr Widimský. Percutaneous coronary interventions in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0047.

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Three different guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology cover the field of percutaneous coronary interventions. Their main recommendations are the following:All patients with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should undergo immediate coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention as soon as possible after the first medical contact. Thrombolysis can be used as an alternative reperfusion therapy if the time delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more than 2 hoursPatients with very high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (recurrent or ongoing chest pain, profound or dynamic electrocardiogram changes, major arrhythmias, or haemodynamic instability) should undergo urgent coronary angiography within less than 2 hours after the initial hospital admissionAll moderate- to high-risk (GRACE score >140 or at least one primary high-risk criterion) non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients should undergo coronary angiography before discharge; the ideal timing is within 24 hours after admission for high-risk groups, and within 72 hours for moderate-risk groupsOther patients with recurrent symptoms or at least one high-risk criterion should undergo coronary angiography within 72 hours of first presentationLow-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes may be treated conservatively, and the indication for an invasive evaluation can be done, based on the evidence of ischaemia during exercise stress testingStents should be used during all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, whenever technically feasible. Second-generation drug-eluting stents do not increase stent thrombosis and can be safely used in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome settingsTriple pharmacotherapy, consisting of aspirin, thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulation with heparin or bivalirudin, should be used in all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added in patients with a high thrombus burden and low bleeding risk

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45

Kočka, Viktor, Steen Dalby Kristensen, William Wijns, Petr Toušek, and Petr Widimský. Percutaneous coronary interventions in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0047_update_001.

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Three different guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology cover the field of percutaneous coronary interventions. Their main recommendations are the following:All patients with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should undergo immediate coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention as soon as possible after the first medical contact. Thrombolysis can be used as an alternative reperfusion therapy if the time delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more than 2 hoursPatients with very high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (recurrent or ongoing chest pain, profound or dynamic electrocardiogram changes, major arrhythmias, or haemodynamic instability) should undergo urgent coronary angiography within less than 2 hours after the initial hospital admissionAll moderate- to high-risk (GRACE score >140 or at least one primary high-risk criterion) non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients should undergo coronary angiography before discharge; the ideal timing is within 24 hours after admission for high-risk groups, and within 72 hours for moderate-risk groupsOther patients with recurrent symptoms or at least one high-risk criterion should undergo coronary angiography within 72 hours of first presentationLow-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes may be treated conservatively, and the indication for an invasive evaluation can be done, based on the evidence of ischaemia during exercise stress testingStents should be used during all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, whenever technically feasible. Second-generation drug-eluting stents do not increase stent thrombosis and can be safely used in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome settingsTriple pharmacotherapy, consisting of aspirin, thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulation with heparin or bivalirudin, should be used in all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added in patients with a high thrombus burden and low bleeding risk

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46

Kočka, Viktor, Steen Dalby Kristensen, William Wijns, Petr Toušek, and Petr Widimský. Percutaneous coronary interventions in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0047_update_002.

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Three different guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology cover the field of percutaneous coronary interventions. Their main recommendations are the following: All patients with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should undergo immediate coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention as soon as possible after the first medical contact. Thrombolysis can be used as an alternative reperfusion therapy if the time delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more than 2 hours. Patients with very high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (recurrent or ongoing chest pain, profound or dynamic electrocardiogram changes, major arrhythmias, or haemodynamic instability) should undergo urgent coronary angiography within less than 2 hours after the initial hospital admissionAll moderate- to high-risk (GRACE score >140 or at least one primary high-risk criterion) non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients should undergo coronary angiography before discharge; the ideal timing is within 24 hours after admission for high-risk groups, and within 72 hours for moderate-risk groups. Other patients with recurrent symptoms or at least one high-risk criterion should undergo coronary angiography within 72 hours of first presentation. Low-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes may be treated conservatively, and the indication for an invasive evaluation can be done, based on the evidence of ischaemia during exercise stress testing. Stents should be used during all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, whenever technically feasible. Second-generation drug-eluting stents do not increase stent thrombosis and can be safely used in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome settings. Triple pharmacotherapy, consisting of aspirin, thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulation with heparin or bivalirudin, should be used in all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added in patients with a high thrombus burden and low bleeding risk.

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47

Kočka, Viktor, Steen Dalby Kristensen, William Wijns, Petr Toušek, and Petr Widimský. Percutaneous coronary interventions in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0047_update_003.

Full text

Abstract:

Three different guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology cover the field of percutaneous coronary interventions. Their main recommendations are the following: All patients with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should undergo immediate coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention as soon as possible after the first medical contact. Thrombolysis can be used as an alternative reperfusion therapy if the time delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more than 2 hours. Patients with very high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (recurrent or ongoing chest pain, profound or dynamic electrocardiogram changes, major arrhythmias, or haemodynamic instability) should undergo urgent coronary angiography within less than 2 hours after the initial hospital admissionAll moderate- to high-risk (GRACE score >140 or at least one primary high-risk criterion) non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients should undergo coronary angiography before discharge; the ideal timing is within 24 hours after admission for high-risk groups, and within 72 hours for moderate-risk groups. Other patients with recurrent symptoms or at least one high-risk criterion should undergo coronary angiography within 72 hours of first presentation. Low-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes may be treated conservatively, and the indication for an invasive evaluation can be done, based on the evidence of ischaemia during exercise stress testing. Stents should be used during all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, whenever technically feasible. Second-generation drug-eluting stents do not increase stent thrombosis and can be safely used in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome settings. Triple pharmacotherapy, consisting of aspirin, thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulation with heparin or bivalirudin, should be used in all percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added in patients with a high thrombus burden and low bleeding risk.

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48

Institute, Pennsylvania Bar, ed. Appeal in the time of cholera. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2008.

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49

Beydon, Laurent, and Flavie Duc. Inhalational anaesthetic agents in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0046.

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Inhalational anaesthetic agents have limited applications in the intensive care unit (ICU), as their delivery requires specific equipment, which are not routinely available. Sevoflurane and isoflurane are the two agents eligible for this purpose. They both show good clinical tolerance and versatility, but may raise cerebral blood flow above 1 minimum alveolar concentration. This property makes them unsuitable for sedation in patients suffering from acute brain injury. Sevoflurane is known to be partly metabolized via the cytochrome pathway in inorganic fluoride. This latter accumulates in a dose- and time-dependent manner, especially in a closed circuit with soda lime. However, no clinical renal injury has been proven, despite several studies reporting on sevoflurane in ICUs. A fresh gas flow above 2 L/min is required to limit inorganic fluoride build-up. Halogenates have been proven to allow efficient sedation in ICU patients for up to several days. They may be considered as therapeutic agents especially in refractory status asthmaticus. Insufficient data exist to recommend halogenates to treat status epilepticus. Nitrous oxide, in 50% oxygen, may serve to allow sedation/analgesia for short and moderately procedures. Xenon, an inert gas that discloses anaesthetic properties with extremely fast onset and recovery, and also has no haemodynamic side effects remains confined to the operating theatre. It requires specific anaesthetic machines and is, at present, too expensive to represent a routine inhalational anaesthetic agent.

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50

Hughes, Jim. C-arm systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0002.

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This chapter covers the design and functions of mobile C-arm X-ray systems used in intra-operative imaging (also known as ‘image intensifiers’, or IIs), including the movements and adjustments used for positioning and systems of X-ray production and image generation. C-arm and mobile C-arm imaging technology was born of the necessity to perform real-time X-ray imaging during surgical procedures. These systems perform real-time motion or cine imaging series as well as still images. The larger units, which are fixed, are generally used in dedicated imaging suites, whereas the smaller units, being mobile, can be moved to wherever a procedure requiring imaging takes place.

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