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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Time-frequency'
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Coates, Mark J. "Time frequency modelling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272036.
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Elayouty, Amira Sherif Mohamed. "Time and frequency domain statistical methods for high-frequency time series." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8061/.
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Advances in sensor technology enable environmental monitoring programmes to record and store measurements at high-temporal resolution over long time periods. These large volumes of high-frequency data promote an increasingly comprehensive picture of many environmental processes that would not have been accessible in the past with monthly, fortnightly or even daily sampling. However, benefiting from these increasing amounts of high-frequency data presents various challenges in terms of data processing and statistical modeling using standard methods and software tools. These challenges are attributed to the large volumes of data, the persistent and long memory serial correlation in the data, the signal to noise ratio, and the complex and time-varying dynamics and inter-relationships between the different drivers of the process at different timescales. This thesis aims at using and developing a variety of statistical methods in both the time and frequency domains to effectively explore and analyze high-frequency time series data as well as to reduce their dimensionality, with specific application to a 3 year hydrological time series. Firstly, the thesis investigates the statistical challenges of exploring, modeling and analyzing these large volumes of high-frequency time series. Thereafter, it uses and develops more advanced statistical techniques to: (i) better visualize and identify the different modes of variability and common patterns in such data, and (ii) provide a more adequate dimension reduction representation to the data, which takes into account the persistent serial dependence structure and non-stationarity in the series. Throughout the thesis, a 15-minute resolution time series of excess partial pressure of carbon dioxide (EpCO2) obtained for a small catchment in the River Dee in Scotland has been used as an illustrative data set. Understanding the bio-geochemical and hydrological drivers of EpCO 2 is very important to the assessment of the global carbon budget. Specifically, Chapters 1 and 2 present a range of advanced statistical approaches in both the time and frequency domains, including wavelet analysis and additive models, to visualize and explore temporal variations and relationships between variables for the River Dee data across the different timescales to investigate the statistical challenges posed by such data. In Chapter 3, a functional data analysis approach is employed to identify the common daily patterns of EpCO2 by means of functional principal component analysis and functional cluster analysis. The techniques used in this chapter assume independent functional data. However, in numerous applications, functional observations are serially correlated over time, e.g. where each curve represents a segment of the whole time interval. In this situation, ignoring the temporal dependence may result in an inappropriate dimension reduction of the data and inefficient inference procedures. Subsequently, the dynamic functional principal components, recently developed by Hor mann et al. (2014), are considered in Chapter 4 to account for the temporal correlation using a frequency domain approach. A specific contribution of this thesis is the extension of the methodology of dynamic functional principal components to temporally dependent functional data estimated using any type of basis functions, not only orthogonal basis functions. Based on the scores of the proposed general version of dynamic functional principal components, a novel clustering approach is proposed and used to cluster the daily curves of EpCO2 taking into account the dependence structure in the data. The dynamic functional principal components depend in their construction on the assumption of second-order stationarity, which is not a realistic assumption in most environmental applications. Therefore, in Chapter 5, a second specific contribution of this thesis is the development of a time-varying dynamic functional principal components which allows the components to vary smoothly over time. The performance of these smooth dynamic functional principal components is evaluated empirically using the EpCO2 data and using a simulation study. The simulation study compares the performance of smooth and original dynamic functional principal components under both stationary and non-stationary conditions. The smooth dynamic functional principal components have shown considerable improvement in representing non-stationary dependent functional data in smaller dimensions. Using a bootstrap inference procedure, the smooth dynamic functional principal components have been subsequently employed to investigate whether or not the spectral density and covariance structure of the functional time series under study change over time. To account for the possible changes in the covariance structure, a clustering approach based on the proposed smooth dynamic functional principal components is suggested and the results of application are discussed. Finally, Chapter 6 provides a summary of the work presented within this thesis, discusses the limitations and implications and proposes areas for future research.
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Mai, Cuong. "Frequency Estimation Using Time-Frequency Based Methods." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/571.
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Any periodic signal can be decomposed into a sum of oscillating functions. Traditionally, cosine and sine segments have been used to represent a single period of the periodic signal (Fourier Series). In more general cases, each of these functions can be represented by a set of spectral parameters such as its amplitude, frequency, phase, and the variability of its instantaneous spectral components. The accuracy of these parameters depends on several processing variables such as resolution, noise level, and bias of the algorithm used. This thesis presents some background of existing frequency estimation techniques and proposes a new technique for estimating the instantaneous frequency of signals using short sinusoid-like basis functions. Furthermore, it also shows that the proposed algorithm can be implemented in a popular embedded DSPmicroprocessor for practical use. This algorithm can also be implemented using more complex features on more resourceful processing processors in order to improve estimation accuracy
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Lie, Victor Daniel. "Relational time-frequency analysis." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997611171&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ahrabian, Alireza. "Multivariate time-frequency analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28958.
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Recent advances in time-frequency theory have led to the development of high resolution time-frequency algorithms, such as the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the synchrosqueezing transform (SST). These algorithms provide enhanced localization in representing time varying oscillatory components over conventional linear and quadratic time-frequency algorithms. However, with the emergence of low cost multichannel sensor technology, multivariate extensions of time-frequency algorithms are needed in order to exploit the inter-channel dependencies that may arise for multivariate data. Applications of this framework range from filtering to the analysis of oscillatory components. To this end, this thesis first seeks to introduce a multivariate extension of the synchrosqueezing transform, so as to identify a set of oscillations common to the multivariate data. Furthermore, a new framework for multivariate time-frequency representations is developed using the proposed multivariate extension of the SST. The performance of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated on a wide variety of both simulated and real world data sets, such as in phase synchrony spectrograms and multivariate signal denoising. Finally, multivariate extensions of the EMD have been developed that capture the inter-channel dependencies in multivariate data. This is achieved by processing such data directly in higher dimensional spaces where they reside, and by accounting for the power imbalance across multivariate data channels that are recorded from real world sensors, thereby preserving the multivariate structure of the data. These optimized performance of such data driven algorithms when processing multivariate data with power imbalances and inter-channel correlations, and is demonstrated on the real world examples of Doppler radar processing.
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Terwilleger, Erin. "Multidimensional time-frequency analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052223.
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Abdoush, Yazan <1989>. "Time-Frequency Signal Analysis and Adaptive Instantaneous Frequency Estimation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9079/1/Thesis.pdf.
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Most of the human-made and physical signals have nonstationary spectra that evolve rapidly with time. To study and characterize such signals, the classic time-domain and frequency-domain representations are inadequate, since they do not provide joint time and frequency information; meaning that, they are signal representations in which the time and frequency variables are mutually exclusive. Time-frequency (TF) signal analysis (TFSA) concerns the processing of signals with time-varying spectral content. It allows for the construction of a signal representation in which the time and frequency variables are not averaged with respect to each other, but rather present together. This doctoral thesis has two main points of focus: TFSA based on a linear TF transform with progressive frequency-dependent resolution in the TF domain, known in the literature as the S-transform (ST), and designing adaptive methods for instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation, which is a fundamental concept in TFSA with numerous practical applications. The main original contributions are: 1- Modifications in the existing discrete definitions for implementing and inverting the ST to ensure exact invertibility and eliminate artifacts in the synthesized signal. 2- Derivation of an algorithm for least-squares signal synthesis form a modified discrete ST. 3- Formulation of a computationally efficient, fully discrete, and exactly invertible ST with a controllable TF sampling scheme, providing frequency resolution that can be varied and made as high as required. 4- Accuracy analysis of IF estimation based on a family of linear TF transforms that use Gaussian observation windows to localize the Fourier oscillatory kernel with arbitrarily defined standard deviations, and derivation of closed-form easily interpreted expressions for the bias and the variance of the estimation error. 5- Design of adaptive methods for IF estimation based on linear and quadratic TF representations.
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Maeser, Anna Marie. "Time-frequency dual and quantization." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/maesera/annamaeser.pdf.
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Sylvestre, Benoit. "Time-scale modification of speech : a time-frequency approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60496.
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Time-scale modification (TSM) is a process whereby signals are compressed or expanded in time in a manner which preserves their original frequency characteristics. This work explores TSM algorithms for sampled speech. A known approach (2) which is based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is first reviewed, then modified to provide high-quality TSM of speech signals at a lower computational cost. The proposed algorithm resembles the sinusoidal speech model (SSM) based approach (9), yet incorporates new phase compensatory measures to prevent excessive structural deterioration of the time-scaled signal. In addition, a novel incremental scheme for modifying polar parameters results in substantial computational savings.
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Khumsat, Phanumas. "Transition frequency integration : technique for high frequency continuous-time filters." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398200.
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Moghaddar, Ali. "Time-frequency representation of frequency-dispersive waveguide and cavity scatterers /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859879939625.
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Heuschel, Eugene R. "Time-frequency, bi-frequency detector analysis of noise technology radar." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2636.
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Enemy integrated air defense systems (IADS) using low probability of intercept (LPI) emitters can cause significant problems for suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) techniques. New threat emitter configurations using low-power random noise modulation have a significant processing gain unavailable to non-cooperative intercept receivers. Consequently, the detection of these emitters can not be accomplished with conventional intercept receiver detection methods. This thesis examines the use of time-frequency, bi-frequency signal detection techniques to identify the parameters of the four types of continuous waveform noise radar recently reported. These include: (a) random noise, (b) noise plus frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW), (c) noise FMCW plus sine and (d) random binary phase modulation. Quadrature mirror filtering for wavelet decomposition is used to investigate the four types of noise signals in order to extract the signal parameters. The FFT accumulation method for estimating the spectral correlation density function is also used to examine the cyclostationary bi-frequency properties of the waveforms. In addition, the periodic autocorrelation function and periodic ambiguity function are studied to determine the waveform properties in the delay- Doppler offset domain. Results show that non-cooperative intercept receivers can increase their processing gain using these types of signal processing techniques providing a more efficient response time to the threat.
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Sucic, Victor. "Parameters selection for optimising time-frequency distributions and measurements of time-frequency characteristics of nonstationary signals." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15834/1/Victor_Sucic_Thesis.pdf.
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The quadratic class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) forms a set of tools which allow to effectively extract important information from a nonstationary signal. To determine which TFD best represents the given signal, it is a common practice to visually compare different TFDs' time-frequency plots, and select as best the TFD with the most appealing plot. This visual comparison is not only subjective, but also difficult and unreliable especially when signal components are closely-spaced in the time-frequency plane. To objectively compare TFDs, a quantitative performance measure should be used. Several measures of concentration/complexity have been proposed in the literature. However, those measures by being derived with certain theoretical assumptions about TFDs are generally not suitable for the TFD selection problem encountered in practical applications. The non-existence of practically-valuable measures for TFDs' resolution comparison, and hence the non-existence of methodologies for the signal optimal TFD selection, has significantly limited the use of time-frequency tools in practice. In this thesis, by extending and complementing the concept of spectral resolution to the case of nonstationary signals, and by redefining the set of TFDs' properties desirable for practical applications, we define an objective measure to quantify the quality of TFDs. This local measure of TFDs' resolution performance combines all important signal time-varying parameters, along with TFDs' characteristics that influence their resolution. Methodologies for automatically selecting a TFD which best suits a given signal, including real-life signals, are also developed. The optimisation of the resolution performances of TFDs, by modifying their kernel filter parameters to enhance the TFDs' resolution capabilities, is an important prerequisite in satisfying any additional application-specific requirements by the TFDs. The resolution performance measure and the accompanying TFDs' comparison criteria allow to improve procedures for designing high-resolution quadratic TFDs for practical time-frequency analysis. The separable kernel TFDs, designed in this way, are shown to best resolve closely-spaced components for various classes of synthetic and real-life signals that we have analysed.
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Sucic, Victor. "Parameters Selection for Optimising Time-Frequency Distributions and Measurements of Time-Frequency Characteristics of Nonstationary Signals." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15834/.
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The quadratic class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) forms a set of tools which allow to effectively extract important information from a nonstationary signal. To determine which TFD best represents the given signal, it is a common practice to visually compare different TFDs' time-frequency plots, and select as best the TFD with the most appealing plot. This visual comparison is not only subjective, but also difficult and unreliable especially when signal components are closely-spaced in the time-frequency plane. To objectively compare TFDs, a quantitative performance measure should be used. Several measures of concentration/complexity have been proposed in the literature. However, those measures by being derived with certain theoretical assumptions about TFDs are generally not suitable for the TFD selection problem encountered in practical applications. The non-existence of practically-valuable measures for TFDs' resolution comparison, and hence the non-existence of methodologies for the signal optimal TFD selection, has significantly limited the use of time-frequency tools in practice. In this thesis, by extending and complementing the concept of spectral resolution to the case of nonstationary signals, and by redefining the set of TFDs' properties desirable for practical applications, we define an objective measure to quantify the quality of TFDs. This local measure of TFDs' resolution performance combines all important signal time-varying parameters, along with TFDs' characteristics that influence their resolution. Methodologies for automatically selecting a TFD which best suits a given signal, including real-life signals, are also developed. The optimisation of the resolution performances of TFDs, by modifying their kernel filter parameters to enhance the TFDs' resolution capabilities, is an important prerequisite in satisfying any additional application-specific requirements by the TFDs. The resolution performance measure and the accompanying TFDs' comparison criteria allow to improve procedures for designing high-resolution quadratic TFDs for practical time-frequency analysis. The separable kernel TFDs, designed in this way, are shown to best resolve closely-spaced components for various classes of synthetic and real-life signals that we have analysed.
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Sansing, Christopher. "Directional time-frequency analysis with applications." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4484.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (March 1, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kalyoncu, Ozden. "Noise Reduction In Time-frequency Domain." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608768/index.pdf.
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In this thesis work, time-frequency filtering of nonstationary signals in noise using Wigner-Ville Distribution is investigated. Continuous-time, discrete-time and discrete Wigner Ville Distribution definitions, their relations, and properties are given.
Time-Frequency Peak Filtering Method is presented. The effects of different parameters on the performance of the method are investigated, and the results are presented.
Time-Varying Wiener Filter is presented. Using simulations it is shown that the performance of the filter is good at SNR levels down to -5 dB. It is proposed and shown that the performance of the filter improves by using Support Vector Machines.
The presented time-frequency filtering techniques are applied on test signals and on a real world signal. The results obtained by the two methods and also by classical zero-phase low-pass filtering are compared. It is observed that for low sampling rates Time-Varying Wiener Filter, and for high sampling rates Time-Frequency Peak Filter performs better.
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Lundbergh, Stefan. "Modelling economic high-frequency time series." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-637.
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Labate, Demetrio. "Time-frequency analysis of pseudodifferential operators." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29453.
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Dalianis, Sotirios A. "Time-frequency methods for nonstationary systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246198.
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Adamopoulos, Panos Georgiou. "Time-frequency characterisation of nonlinear systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303505.
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Rainton, D. "Time-frequency spectral estimation of speech." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334249.
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Kressner, Abigail A. "Structure in time-frequency binary masking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54869.
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Understanding speech in noisy environments is a challenge for normal-hearing and impaired-hearing listeners alike. However, it has been shown that speech intelligibility can be improved in these situations using a strategy called the ideal binary mask. Because this approach requires knowledge of the speech and noise signals separately though, it is ill-suited for practical applications. To address this, many algorithms are being designed to approximate the ideal binary mask strategy. Inevitably though, these algorithms make errors, and the implications of these errors are not well-understood. The main contributions of this thesis are to introduce a new framework for investigating binary masking algorithms and to present listener studies that use this framework to illustrate how certain types of algorithm errors can affect speech recognition outcomes with both normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant recipients.
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Bartůšek, Jan. "Time Frequency Analysis of ERP Signals." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412769.
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Tato práce se zabývá vylepšením algoritmu pro sdružování (clustering) ERP signálů pomocí analýzy časových a prostorových vlastností pseudo-signálů získaných za pomocí metody analýzy nezávislých komponent (Independent Component Analysis). Naším zájmem je nalezení nových vlastností, které by zlepšily stávající výsledky. Tato práce se zabývá použitím Fourierovy transformace (Fourier Transform), FIR filtru a krátkodobé Fourierovy transformace ke zkvalitnění informace pro sdružovací algoritmy. Princip a použitelnost metody jsou popsány a demonstrovány ukázkovým algoritmem. Výsledky ukázaly, že pomocí dané metody je možné získat ze vstupních dat zajímavé informace, které mohou být úspěšně použity ke zlepšení výsledků.
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Al-Ghadhban, Samir Naser. "Multi-layered Space Frequency Time Codes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29498.
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This dissertation focuses on three major advances on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The first studies and compares decoding algorithms for multi-layered space time coded (MLSTC) systems. These are single user systems that combine spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity. Each layer consists of a space time code. The detection algorithms are based on multi-user detection theory. We consider joint, interference nulling and cancellation, and spatial sequence estimation algorithms. As part of joint detection algorithms, the sphere decoder is studied and its complexity is evaluated over MIMO channels. The second part contributes to the field of space frequency time (SFT) coding for MIMO-OFDM systems. It proposes a full spatial and frequency diversity codes at much lower number of trellis states. The third part proposes and compares uplink scheduling algorithms for multiuser systems with spatial multiplexing. Several scheduling criteria are examined and compared.
The capacity and error rate study of MLSTBC reveals the performance of the detection algorithms and their advantage over other open loop MIMO schemes. The results show that the nulling and cancellation operations limit the diversity of the system to the first detected layer in serial algorithms. For parallel algorithms, the diversity of the system is dominated by the performance after parallel nulling. Theoretically, parallel cancellation should provide full receive diversity per layer but error propagations as a result of cancellation prevent the system from reaching this goal. However, parallel cancellation provides some gains but it doesn't increase the diversity. On the other hand, joint detection provides full receive diversity per layer. It could be practically implemented with sphere decoding which has a cubic complexity at high SNR.
The results of the SFT coding show the superiority of the IQ-SFT codes over other codes at the same number of sates. The IQ-SFT codes achieve full spatial and frequency diversity at much lower number of trellis states compared to conventional codes. For V-BLAST scheduling, we propose V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler and we show that scheduling based on optimal MIMO capacity doesn't work well for V-BLAST. The results also show that maximum minimum singularvalue (MaxMinSV) scheduling performs very close to the V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler since it takes into account both the channel power and the orthogonality of the channel.<br>Ph. D.
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Yoshimura, Koji. "Factors associated with night-time frequency." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135914.
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Droppo, J. G. "Time-frequency features for speech recognition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5965.
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Brockman, Erik. "TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF INTRACARDIAC ELECTROGRAM." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/188.
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The Cardiac Rhythm Management Division of St. Jude Medical specializes in the development of implantable cardioverter defibrillators that improve the quality of life for patients diagnosed with a variety of cardiac arrhythmias, especially for patients prone to sudden cardiac death. With the goal to improve detection of cardiac arrhythmias, this study explored the value in time-frequency analysis of intracardiac electrogram in four steps. The first two steps characterized, in the frequency domain, the waveforms that construct the cardiac cycle. The third step developed a new algorithm that putatively provides the least computationally expensive way to identifying cardiac waveforms in the frequency domain. Lastly, this novel approach to analyzing intracardiac electrogram was compared to a threshold crossing algorithm that strictly operates in the time domain and that is currently utilized by St. Jude Medical. The new algorithm demonstrated an equally effective method in identifying the QRS complex on the ventricular channel. The next steps in pursing time-frequency analysis of intracardiac electrogram include implementing the new algorithm on a testing platform that emulates the latest implantable cardioverter defibrillator manufactured by St. Jude Medical and pursuing a similar algorithm that can be employed on the atrial channel.
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Jones, Graeme Stephen. "Instantaneous frequency, time-frequency distributions and the analysis of multicomponent signals." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1992.
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Luo, Linqing. "Time-frequency localisation of distributed Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274568.
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Distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) is essential for structural health monitoring (SHM) of strain changes induced during the lifetime of a structure. Among different DFOS systems, the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) takes the advantages of obtaining full frequency spectrum to provide strain and temperature information along the optic fibre. The key parameters of distributed fibre optic sensors, spatial and frequency resolution, are strongly linked with the time-frequency (T-F) localisation in the system in three parts: pulse, hardware design and optical fibre. T-F localization is fundamentally important for the communication system, whereas in this study the importance of the T-F localisation to the spatial and frequency resolution, repeatability and the measurement speed are introduced in BOTDR. In this dissertation, the development of DFOS is first introduced, including both traditional methods and new developed designs. The literature review shows the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of BOTDR can be improved by investigating its T-F localisation. In the hardware design, in order to improve the T-F localisation in hardware architecture, a Short-Time Fourier Transform-Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (STFT-BOTDR), which implements STFT over the full frequency spectrum to measure the distributed temperature and strain along the optic fibre, is applied so that the conventional frequency sweeping method can be replaced for high resolution and fast speed measurement, providing new research advances in dynamic distributed sensing. The STFT based BOTDR has better T-F localisation, which in turn provides an opportunity for off-line post signal processing that is more adaptable for fast speed measurements. The spatial and frequency resolution of dynamic BOTDR sensing is limited by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the T-F localization of the input pulse shape. The T-F localized input pulse shape can enhance the SNR and the spatial and frequency resolution in STFT-BOTDR. In this study, simulation and experiments of T-F localized different pulses shapes are conducted to examine the limitation of the system resolution. The result indicates that a rectangular pulse should be selected to optimize the spatial resolution and a Lorentzian pulse could be chosen to optimize the frequency resolution, while a Gaussian shape pulse can be used in general applications for its balanced performance in both spatial and frequency resolution. Meanwhile, T-F localization is used for pulse T-F localisation optimisation. A set of Kaiser-Bessel functions is used to simulate different pulse shapes and to compare their parameters in terms of T-F localisation and their Brillouin scattering spectrum. A method using an iterative filtering algorithm to achieve the optimised pulse in terms of T-F localisation is introduced to converge the Effective-pulse Width (TEW) in the time-domain and Effective-pulse Linewidth (FEL) in the frequency domain to identify the fundamental limitations. The optimised pulse can be fitted with a 7th order Gaussian (super-Gaussian) shape and it offers the best experimental performance compared to a Rectangular pulse. The sensitivity of a sensor to strain or temperature variations due to distributed Brillouin scattering is closely related to the power distribution on the Brillouin scattering spectrum which is related to the property of the optic fibre. The performance of a highly nonlinear fibre that can generate a higher Brillouin scattering signal is compared to that of a standard single mode fibre. The results show that much higher SNR of the Brillouin scattering spectrum and smaller frequency uncertainties in the sensing measurement can be achieved by using a highly nonlinear fibre for comparable launched powers. With a measurement speed of 4 Hz, the frequency uncertainty can be 0.43 MHz, corresponding to 10 με in strain or 0.43°C in temperature uncertainty for the tested highly nonlinear fibre. In contrast, for a standard single mode fibre, the value would increase to about 1.02 MHz (25 με or 1.02°C), demonstrating the advantage of the tested highly nonlinear fibre for distributed strain/temperature sensing. Results show that, by using a small effective area highly nonlinear fibre, the strain or temperature resolution can be improved because it generates stronger Brillouin scattering signal with high SNR and high Q factor spectrum, both of which determine the optimal averaging time in a single measurement. In general, the STFT-BOTDR can achieve 1 m spatial resolution, 10 με frequency resolution on a 10 km fibre with measurement speed at about 2.5 kHz.
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HUANG, WEI. "Improved PPP for time and frequency transfer and real-time detection of GNSS satellite clock frequency anomalies." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2842527.
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Mui, Chi Seong. "Frequency domain approach to time series analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1446676.
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Dang, Pei. "Time-frequency analysis based on mono-components." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2489938.
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Wohlrabe, Klaus. "Forecasting with mixed-frequency time series models." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-96817.
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Mazzaro, Gregory James. "Time-Frequency Effects in Wireless Communication Systems." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-115014/.
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Time-frequency effects in wireless communication systems caused by narrowband resonances and coupled with device nonlinearities are revealed as new sources of co-site interference, exploited for the metrology of bandpass circuits, and employed to linearize amplitude-modulated transmissions. The transient properties of bandpass filters are found to last much longer than traditional time/bandwidth rules-of-thumb. The cause of this long-tail behavior is attributed to the coupled-resonator structure of the filter circuit. A solution method which uses lowpass prototyping is developed to reduce, by a factor of two, the complexity of the differential equation set describing a narrowband filter's transient response. Pulse overlap caused by the frequency dependence of long tails produced by filters is shown to cause intersymbol interference and intermodulation distortion in RF front-ends during frequency-hopped communications. The same properties which cause the ISI and IMD are used to develop three new transient methods for measuring resonant circuit parameters and a one-port method for extracting the operating band of a filter. A new signal-processing technique which combines time- and frequency-selectivity, Linear Amplification by Time-Multiplexed Spectrum, is developed to reduce IMD associated with amplitude modulation. Distortion reduction is demonstrated experimentally for multisines up to 20 tones.
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Nesbit, Andrew Luke. "Audio Source Separation by Time-frequency Masking." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504557.
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Audio source separation is a particularly interesting problem when the number of mixture channels is less than the number of sources. Our motivation for studying this is that recorded stereo music signals can often be approximated by the two-channel case. Such mixtures often have a high degree of overlapping partial frequencies and are especially challenging for standard techniques. oWe attempt to solve the problem by time-frequency masking methods, using transforms which give sparse signal representations. Our first contribution is to compare binary time-frequency masking using fixed-basis transforms, such as the short-time Fourier transform, with a new, computationally efficient method using adaptive lapped orthogonal transforms to maximise the energy of the estimated source coefficients. This assumes prior knowledge of the mixing structure (the semi-blind case). Experiments demonstrate that adaptive transforms may sometimes give better performance than fixed-basis transforms. Secondly, we describe how adaptive windowing can cause distortions in the estimated sources due to the masking process. Minimising these distortions is a trade-off between minimising blocking artifacts and minimising timedomain aliasing errors. Experiments indicate that excessive blocking artifacts decrease performance more than time-domain aliasing effects do. We propose various modifications to the transforms and mask estimation techniques to reduce these distortions. Thirdly, we describe statistically motivated extensions to binary masking techmques whIch allow more than one soUrce to tJe dCtLVe at allY tlIBEfrequency index. We also develop oracle estimators to determine empirical upper performance bounds, assuming that we have reference sources available. Oracle experiments indicate that excellent potential performance is possible compared to semi-blind methods, particularly for adaptive transforms or when more than one active source coefficient is allowed to be active. Finally, we conclude by outlining future research directions for (semi-)blind methods to approach the potential performance gains indicated by the oracle methods and to increase the applicability of our methods.
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Giakas, Giannis K. "Time and frequency domain applications in biomechanics." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389498.
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Leung, Terence Sze-tat. "Time-frequency characterisation of paediatric heart sounds." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287001.
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MATOS, MARCILIO CASTRO DE. "SEISMIC PATTERN RECOGNITION USING TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5081@1.
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INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA<br>Independente da metodologia adotada para realizar análise
de fácies sísmicas, a segmentação temporal e espacial da
região do reservatório deve ser realizada cuidadosamente. A
confiança no resultado da interpretação depende da
complexidade do sistema geológico, da qualidade dos dados
sísmicos, e da experiência do intérprete. Portanto,
qualquer erro de interpretação pode levar a resultados
incoerentes. Especialmente, a análise de fácies sísmicas
utilizando formas de onda do sinal na região do
reservatório é bastante sensível a ruídos de interpretação.
Sabe-se que variações no conteúdo de freqüência dos traços
sísmicos podem estar associadas às informações de
refletividade da sub-superfície. Conseqüentemente, análises
conjuntas em tempo - freqüência podem levar a formas não
convencionais para a caracterização de reservatórios.
Especificamente, esta tese propõe o uso das propriedades em
tempo - freqüência, obtidas através do algoritmo de
matching pursuit, e das singularidades detectadas e
caracterizadas via transformada wavelet, como ferramenta
para detecção de eventos sísmicos e para análise não
supervisionada de fácies sísmicas quando associadas ao
agrupamento dos mapas auto organizáveis de Kohonen.<br>Independent of the adopted methodology to perform the
seismic facies analysis, the geological oriented spatial
and temporal segmentation of the reservoir region should be
carefully done. Depending on the complexity of the
reservoir system, seismic data quality, and the experience
of the interpreter, the level of confidence in an
interpretation can vary from very high to very low.
Therefore, any interpretation error could lead to wrong or
noisy results. Specially, when using seismic trace shapes,
defined by the values of the seismic samples along each
segmented trace, as the seismic input attributes to the
chosen seismic facies algorithm. These facies analysis
artifacts are introduced because seismic waveform in the
reservoir delimited area changes quickly as a function of
the interpretation, then waveforms with almost the same
shape could be assigned to different classes due only to
their different phases. It is known that variations of the
frequency content of a seismic trace with time carry
information about the properties of the subsurface
reflectivity sequence. Consequently, seismic trace time-
frequency analyses could provide an unconventional way to
reservoir characterization. Specifically, in this work we
propose to use the time-frequency properties of the atoms
obtained after the matching pursuit signal representation
and the singularities identified by wavelet transform,
jointly with Self Organizing Maps as an unsupervised seismic
facies analyses system.
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Rottensteiner, David. "Time-frequency analysis on the Heisenberg group." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24568.
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It is the main goal of this text to study certain aspects of time-frequency analysis on the 2n+1-dimensional Heisenberg group. More specifically, we will discuss how the well-studied notions of modulation spaces and Weyl quantization can be extended from the Euclidean space Rn to the Heisenberg group Hn. For quite a long time already this group has served as a good test object to verify which concepts and results from Euclidean (thus Abelian) analysis carry over to simple instances of non-Abelian structures. In the case of the Weyl quantization a reasonable answer for $\H$ was first proposed by A. S. Dynin almost forty years ago, although it was studied in more detail only some twenty years after that by G. B. Folland. We will review the foundations laid by Dynin and Folland and present some new results about left-invariant differential operators and the natural product of symbols, the Moyal product. The special tool for our analysis is a $3$-step nilpotent Lie group to which we will refer as the Dynin-Folland group. As the name suggests it originates in the works of the afore-mentioned authors. The group's unitary irreducible representations are in fact the key to both the Weyl quantization and modulation spaces on Hn. Our results on modulation space on the Heisenberg group are based on H. Feichtinger and K. Grochenig's coorbit theory and a more recent adaption of it by I. and D. Beltictua, which focuses on modulation spaces arising from nilpotent Lie groups. We will use a blend of both approaches and discuss the modulation spaces induced by the Dynin-Folland group, among them a type of modulation spaces on Hn.
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Ilvedson, Corinne Rachel 1974. "Transfer function estimation using time-frequency analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50472.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136).<br>Given limited and noisy data, identifying the transfer function of a complex aerospace system may prove difficult. In order to obtain a clean transfer function estimate despite noisy data, a time-frequency analysis approach to system identification has been developed. The method is based on the observation that for a linear system, an input at a given frequency should result in a response at the same frequency, and a time localized frequency input should result in a response that is nearby in time to the input. Using these principles, the noise in the response can be separated from the physical dynamics. In addition, the impulse response of the system can be restricted to be causal and of limited duration, thereby reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the estimation problem. The estimation method consists of finding a rough estimate of the impulse response from the sampled input and output data. The impulse response estimate is then transformed to a two dimensional time-frequency mapping. The mapping provides a clear graphical method for distinguishing the noise from the system dynamics. The information believed to correspond to noise is discarded and a cleaner estimate of the impulse response is obtained from the remaining information. The new impulse response estimate is then used to obtain the transfer function estimate. The results indicate that the time-frequency transfer function estimation method can provide estimates that are often less noisy than those obtained from other methods such as the Empirical Transfer Function Estimate and Welch's Averaged Periodogram Method.<br>by Corinne Rachel Ilvedson.<br>S.M.
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Moulton, Clay Robert. "Resonant Frequency: Artefacts in Response to Time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34838.
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This Industrial Design graduate thesis is a response to the discussion surrounding the question, How can Design move from Green to Good? Three artefacts have been designed. These artefacts respond to a context. Context, in this body of work, is time. Time as context is about knowing the before now, applying it to the now, to positively affect the after now. The artefacts respond to three distinct lifetimes: 5 minutes 45 seconds, 8 hours 45 minutes, and 10 years. The intent is to utilize a Natural system, time, in a manner beyond typical product life-cycle-analysis. Also included are a series of essays which investigate and comment on issues and insights encountered during the Design process of this thesis.<br>Master of Science
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Fabre, Nicolas. "Quantum information in time-frequency continuous variables." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7044.
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Cette thèse aborde l’encodage de degrés de liberté continus temps-fréquence de photon uniques. Les similitudes mathématiques avec les quadratures du champ électromagnétique amène à généraliser des protocoles exprimées dans ces variables dans notre encodage. On introduit un nouveau type de qubit robuste contre des erreurs du type déplacement dans l’espace des phases temps-fréquence. Un nouvel espace des phases doublement cylindriques est étudié et est une représentation particulièrement adaptée pour des états ayant une symétrie de translation. On étudie également comment construire une distribution de phase fonctionnelle permettant de décrire un état quantique possédant des degrés de libertés continus spectraux et en quadrature<br>This thesis tackles the time-frequency continuous variables degree of freedom encoding of single photons and examine the formal mathematical analogy with the quadrature continuous variables of the electromagnetic field. We define a new type of qubit which is robust against time-frequency displacement errors. We define a new double-cylinder phase space which is particularly adapted for states which have a translational symmetry. We also study how to build a functional phase space distribution which allows to describe a quantum state with spectral and quadrature continuous variables degrees of freedom
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Hughes, John B. "Signal enhancement using time-frequency based denoising." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/03Mar%5FHughes.pdf.
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Papagni, Francesca <1993>. "Frequency domain analysis of stationary time series." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9850/1/Papagni_Francesca_tesi.pdf.
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This thesis provides a necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic efficiency of a nonparametric estimator of the generalised autocovariance function of a Gaussian stationary random process. The generalised autocovariance function is the inverse Fourier transform of a power transformation of the spectral density, and encompasses the traditional and inverse autocovariance functions. Its nonparametric estimator is based on the inverse discrete Fourier transform of the same power transformation of the pooled periodogram. The general result is then applied to the class of Gaussian stationary ARMA processes and its implications are discussed.
We illustrate that for a class of contrast functionals and spectral densities, the minimum contrast estimator of the spectral density satisfies a Yule-Walker system of equations in the generalised autocovariance estimator. Selection of the pooling parameter, which characterizes the nonparametric estimator of the generalised autocovariance, controlling its resolution, is addressed by using a multiplicative periodogram bootstrap to estimate the finite-sample distribution of the estimator. A multivariate extension of recently introduced spectral models for univariate time series is considered, and an algorithm for the coefficients of a power transformation of matrix polynomials is derived, which allows to obtain the Wold coefficients from the matrix coefficients characterizing the generalised matrix cepstral models. This algorithm also allows the definition of the matrix variance profile, providing important quantities for vector time series analysis. A nonparametric estimator based on a transformation of the smoothed periodogram is proposed for estimation of the matrix variance profile.
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Lee, King F. "Space-time and space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmitter diversity techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14981.
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Wong, Kar Lun (Clarence). "Space-time-frequency channel estimation for multiple-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100244.
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We propose a linear mean square error channel estimator that exploits the joint space-time-frequency (STF) correlations of the wireless fading channel for applications in multiple-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. Our work generalizes existing channel estimators to the full dimensions including transmit spatial, receive spatial, time, and frequency. This allows versatile applications of our STF channel estimator to any fading environment, ranging from spatially-uncorrelated slow-varying frequency-flat channels to spatially-correlated fast-varying frequency-selective channels.<br>The proposed STF channel estimator reduces to a time-frequency (TF) channel estimator when no spatial correlations exist. In another perspective, the lower-dimension TF channel estimator can be viewed as an STF channel estimator with spatial correlation mismatch for space-time-frequency selective channels.<br>Computer simulations were performed to study the mean-square-error (MSE) behavior with different pilot parameters. We then evaluate the suitability of our STF channel estimator on a space-frequency block coded OFDM system. Bit error rate (BER) performance degradation, with respect to perfect coherent detection, is limited to less than 2 dB at a BER of 10-5 in the modified 3GPP fast-fading suburban macro environment. Modifications to the 3GPP channel involves reducing the base station angle spread to imitate a high transmit spatial correlation scenario to emphasize the benefit of exploiting spatial correlation in our STF channel estimator.
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Hon, Tsz Kin. "Time-frequency analysis and filtering based on the short-time Fourier transform." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/timefrequency-analysis-and-filtering-based-on-the-shorttime-fourier-transform(de8bcca8-cd9d-42a3-bf79-281672478744).html.
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The joint time-frequency (TF) domain provides a convenient platform for signal analysis by involving the dimension of time in the frequency representation of a signal. A straightforward way to acquire localized knowledge about the frequency content of the signal at different times is to perform the Fourier transform over short-time intervals rather than processing the whole signal at once. The resulting TF representation is the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), which remains to date the most widely used method for the analysis of signals whose spectral content varies with time. Recent application examples of the STFT and its variants – e.g. the squared magnitude of the STFT known as the spectrogram – include signal denoising, instantaneous frequency estimation, and speech recognition. In this thesis, we first address the main limitation of the trade-off between time and frequency resolution for the TF analysis by proposing a novel adaptation procedure which properly adjusts the size of the analysis window over time. Our proposed approach achieves a high resolution TF representation, and can compare favorably with alternative time-adaptive spectrograms as well as with advanced quadratic representations. Second, we propose a new scheme for the time-frequency adaptation of the STFT in order to automatically determine the size and the phase of the analysis window at each time and frequency instant. This way, we can further improve the resolution of the conventional as well as the time-adaptive spectrograms. Finally, we focus on denoising non-stationary signals in the STFT domain. We introduced an optimized TF mask in the STFT domain, which is based on the concept of the multi-window spectrogram. Experimentation has shown that the introduced approach can effectively recover distorted signals based on a small set of representative examples of the noisy observation and the desired signal.
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Chen, Wei Zhang Ruifeng. "Time- frequency- selective channel estimation of ofdm systems /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/616.
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Rosser, Daniel Mark. "Time frequency analysis of a noisy carrier signal." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303118.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Electrical Engineer) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1995.<br>"June 1995." Thesis advisor(s): Alex Lam. Includes bibliographical references. Also avaliable online.
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Logoglu, Berker. "Performance Of Bilinear Time-frequency Transforms In Isar." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609166/index.pdf.
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In this thesis a stepped-frequency Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is employed to develop two-dimensional range-Doppler images of a small ghter aircraft which exhibits three dimensional rotational rotation. The simulation is designed such that the target can exhibit yaw, pitch and roll motions at the same time. First, radar returns from prominent scatterers of various parts of the target are processed and displayed using conventional Fourier transform. The eects of dierent complex motion types and scenarios are observed and discussed. Then, several linear and bi-linear time-frequency distributions including shorttime Fourier transform, Wigner-Ville, pseudo Wigner-Ville, smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville, Choi-Williams, Born-Jordan and Zhao-Atlas-Marks distributions are applied to the same target and scenarios. The performance of the transforms is compared for each scenario. The reasons for success of the distributions are discussed thoroughly.