Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Time and speed of a single movement'

The aim of this thesis is to investigate an alternative mode of transportation for METU and the impacts of spatial transformations generated by the proposed system in an architectural context. This study embraces modern concepts of space-time in the practice of architectural design, and involves a sensitive consideration of the perception of space relative to position, speed and movement. In an urban context, the thesis unfolds spatial transformations affected by new movement technology. While the notions of movement and speed fundamentally shape the image of the contemporary city, METU campus will be reanalyzed within this framework.

This Master Thesis involves the analysis and evaluation of military students psychomotor processes. This was carried out using the analyzer DPA – 1. This device is used for measuring dynamic parameters of independent or coordinated arm and leg movements by reacting to the target with a variety of geometric, colour or time parameters appearing on the screen. The DPA – 1 device enables scientists to analyse psychomotor reaction and dynamic and kinematical characteristics. The goal of the research was to identify the peculiarities of psychomotor reaction performing movements with the right and left arms. The participants of the research were 40 students (n=40) of the Lithuanian Military academy. Their age was 22.03 ± 0.54 years, body mass – 76.04 ± 9.13 kg, height – 180.29 ± 7.99 cm. Their right arm was dominant. To achieve this goal the following tasks had to be completed: 1. To determine the differences in psychomotor reaction by performing the moves with the dominant and non-dominant arms. 2. To determine the difference between movement speed and accuracy by performing the movement with the right and the left arms. 3. To determine the connection between the parameters of psychomotor reaction of the right and the left arms. The hypothesis: We think that movements performed with the dominant arm have better psychomotor qualities. The research methods: 1. Analysis of the scientific literature resources 2. Testing 3. Mathematical statistics Conclusions 1. There were no... [to full text]

Due to various shortcomings of the visual system, some visual stimuli can only be identified with 100% accuracy if they are shown for a certain amount of time. This time can be measured using the Inspection Time (IT) paradigm. In an IT task, a “pi” figure with differing leg lengths is typically presented briefly (e.g., 20-200 ms) and is then immediately masked to prevent retinal afterimages. Participants are subsequently required to choose which of the two legs was longer. The objective of this task is to determine the shortest amount of time the pi figure needs to be shown for it to be perceived with 80% accuracy. Given that visual processing has been shown to be altered during and /or prior to a movement, the present experiment sought to test how the requirement to perform a motor task affected IT. Twenty-eight participants took part in the experiment, which was comprised of three conditions: no-movement (NM), peak velocity (PV), and foreperiod (FP). In the NM condition, participants grasped a manipulandum and engaged in the IT paradigm. At the end of every trial, participants verbally stated which leg they believed was longest. In the PV condition participants made a rapid movement to a target, and the IT stimulus was presented when their limb reached peak velocity. Finally in the FP condition the IT stimulus was presented during foreperiod (FP). In all three conditions the IT stimulus was randomly presented from between 15-105 ms (in 15 ms increments) and masked for 400 ms. Results showed no significant differences on the IT task between the NM and FP conditions, suggesting no visual upregulation during foreperiod. However, IT performance was significantly poorer in the PV condition in comparison to both the NM and FP condition, suggesting a visual downregulation at that particular movement kinematic.

Tyrimo objektas: kojų judesių reakcijos laiko bei judesių atlikimo greičio vertinimas. Tyrimo problema: daugumai žmonių po insulto stebimas kojų judesių valdymo sutrikimas. Sutrikęs kojų judesių valdymas padidina griuvimų riziką, sutrikdo eiseną, apsunkina kasdieninę veiklą, riboja fizinį aktyvumą. Žmogaus rankų bei kojų dinaminių parametrų analizatoriaus DPA-1 pagalba galima tirti psichomotorinę reakciją, judesių dinamines bei kinematines charakteristikas, o tai suteikia didesnes galimybes įvertinti insulto liekamųjų reiškinių poveikį kojų judesių valdymui. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti kojų judesių valdymo atsigavimą persirgus galvos smegenų insultu. Tyrimo metodai ir organizavimas: tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos kūno kultūros akademijoje (LKKA) Žmogaus motorikos laboratorijoje 2009 – 2010 metais. Tiriamųjų kontingentą sudarė dvi grupės: tiriamoji ir kontrolinė. Tiriamąją grupę sudarė 10 žmonių patyrusių galvos smegenų insultą, amžiaus vidurkis: 70,1 ± 1,3 metai. Kontrolinę grupę sudarė 10 vyresnio amžiaus, neurologinių sutrikimų neturinčių žmonių, amžiaus vidurkis: 66,6 ± 1,8 metai. Kojų dinaminių judesių tyrimui buvo naudojamas LKKA mokslininkų ir UAB „Katra“ specialistų sukurtas originalus prietaisas - žmogaus rankų ir kojų judesių dinaminių parametrų analizatorius DPA-1. Tyrimo metu buvo registruojamas dešinės ir kairės kojos judesių reakcijos laikas (RT) bei dešinės ir kairės kojos maksimalus judesių greitis (V ) atliekant reakcijos, greitumo ir tikslumo užduotis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Problem of study: lots of people feel disorder of controlling legs dynamic movement after stroke. Disordered control of legs movement rise the risk of fallings, unbalances gait, prejudice casual activity, limits physical activity. With help of human hands and legs dynamic parameter analyzer (DPA-1) it is possible to feel psychomotorical reaction, movements dynamic and kinematic characteristics, and this gives better opportunities to value remanant stroke influence for control of legs dynamic movement. Object of study: evaluation of legs movement reaction time and speed of movement performance. Aim of study: to determine recovery of legs motor control after stroke. Methods and organization of sudy: this research was carried out in the Laboratory of Human motor control at the Lithuanian Academy of physical Education (LAPE) during 2009 - 2010. Investigative contingent included two groups: trial and control. In trial group there were included 10 people, who had a stroke of head brains. Average of age - 70±3 years. In control group there were included 10 older people without neurological disorder. Average of age - 60±3 years. For legs dynamic movement research was used new original gear made by LAPE scientists and company “Katra” – human hands and legs dynamic parameter analyser DPA-1. During research there was registering the reaction time (RT) of right and left leg and the maximal movement speed (V ) of right and left leg performing tasks of reaction, speed and accuracy. Goals... [to full text]

Исследование уровня физического качества быстроты / С. В.Гетманцев, А. С. Яцунский, О. В. Кувалдина, И. В. Колоскова, А. А. Раевский, И. Н. Веселова // Матеріали XVI всеукр. наук.-практ. конф. "Медико-біологічні проблеми фізичної культури, спорту та здоров’я людини". – Миколаїв : МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинського, 2016. – Вип. 16. – С. 55–59.
Determine the pace, time and speed of a single movement, the frequency of motor actions, time of sensorimotor responses to auditory and visual stimuli in athletes 17-18 years engaged in rowing. We have developed a method of determining the effect of coaching activities modeled passing distance in rowing: the first period - starting acceleration, the second - to maintain optimum speed at a distance, the third - finishing acceleration.
Определялись темп, время и скорость одиночного движения, частота двигательных действий, время сенсомоторных реакций на звуковой и световой раздражители у спортсменок 17-18 лет, занимающихся академической греблей. Разработанная нами методика определения эффекта тренирующего действия моделировала прохождение дистанции в академической гребле: первый период – стартовый разгон, второй – поддержание оптимальной скорости на дистанции, третий – финишное ускорение.

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful imaging technique used in the biological sciences to identify labeled components of a sample with specificity. This is usually accomplished through labeling with fluorescent dyes, isolating these dyes by their spectral signatures with optical filters, and recording the intensity of the fluorescent response. Although these techniques are widely used, fluorescence intensity images can be negatively affected by a variety of factors that impact the fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is an imaging technique that is relatively immune to intensity fluctuations and also provides the unique ability to directly monitor the microenvironment surrounding a fluorophore. Despite the benefits associated with FLIM, the applications to which it is applied are fairly limited due to long image acquisition times and high cost of traditional hardware. Recent advances in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have enabled the design of low-cost imaging arrays that are capable of recording lifetime images with acquisition times greater than one order of magnitude faster than existing systems. However, these SPAD arrays have yet to realize the full potential of the technology due to limitations in their ability to handle the vast amount of data generated during the commonly used time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) lifetime imaging technique. This thesis presents the design, implementation, characterization, and demonstration of a high speed FLIM imaging system. The components of this design include a CMOS imager chip in a standard 0.13 μm technology containing a custom CMOS SPAD, a 64-by-64 array of these SPADs, pixel control circuitry, independent time-to-digital converters (TDCs), a FLIM specific datapath, and high bandwidth output buffers. In addition to the CMOS imaging array, a complete system was designed and implemented using a printed circuit board (PCB) for capturing data from the imager, creating histograms for the photon arrival data using field-programmable gate arrays, and transferring the data to a computer using a cabled PCIe interface. Finally, software is used to communicate between the imaging system and a computer.The dark count rate of the SPAD was measured to be only 231 Hz at room temperature while maintaining a photon detection probability of up to 30\%. TDCs included on the array have a 62.5 ps resolution and a 64 ns range, which is suitable for measuring the lifetime of most biological fluorophores. Additionally, the on-chip datapath was designed to handle continuous data transfers at rates capable of supporting TCSPC-based lifetime imaging at 100 frames per second. The system level implementation also provides sufficient data throughput for transferring up to 750 frames per second from the imaging system to a computer. The lifetime imaging system was characterized using standard techniques for evaluating SPAD performance and an electrical delay signal for measuring the TDC performance. This thesis concludes with a demonstration of TCSPC-FLIM imaging at 100 frames per second -- the fastest 64-by-64 TCSPC FLIM that has been demonstrated. This system overcomes some of the limitations of existing FLIM systems and has the potential to enable new application domains in dynamic FLIM imaging.

碩士
長榮大學
運動競技學系(所)
104
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on lower limb power, movement velocity, movement speed, reaction time and agility of senior high school squash players. The subjects of the experiment were twelve male senior high school squash team players. The subjects were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group by counter-balanced order. The control group received ordinary training while the experimental group received plyometric three a week for either weeks. All the subjects conducted a test before the training. Including, reaction time, agility, the height of vertical jump, length of stand jump, 60-meters sprint and specific movement velocity. Statistical analyses were carried out by utilizing ANCOVA. And the result showed that: After the plyometric either weeks, the experimental group were apparently better than the control group in the height of vertical jump ; and also a noticeable promotion in length of stand jump. As for the 60-meters sprint and specific movement velocity, the experimental group makes a more significantly improvement compared with the control group. Regarding the agility, the experimental group shows significantly higher improvement than the control group. In addition, No significan difference was showed between these two group on reaction time. Finally, the researcher gives out the advice on the basis of the result for coaches and athletes as a reference on training or research.

碩士
正修科技大學
運動健康與休閒所
99
Objective: This study aims to understand the reaction time, Movement Speed, and explosive power of lower limbs conditions before and after the implementation of load vibration training, and by comparing with them to find out the differences between them.Methods: Choose 24 high school students who are soft tennis players to be the objects of this study—7 freshmen, 7 sophomores and 10 juniors. Those students are divided into two groups – 12 members for experimental group (4 freshmen,3 sophomores and 5 juniors) and 12 members for control group (3 freshmen, 4 sophomores and 5 juniors). Experimental group accepts General soft tennis training, which keeps for 8 weeks, loading type vibration training 3 times a week (vibration frequency 25Hz, and vibration range 4.0 mm, continued time 30 seconds, break between groups 2 minutes, repeat times 6 rounds, knees angle for 100 of, and auxiliary to 30% 1RM maximum muscle force of loading). Control group only accepts General soft tennis training, using light reaction training reactor to test reaction time and the Movement Speed, and using Kistler Gymmy Jump bounce measuring force plate as the research tool to test explosive force. Data obtained by paired test and analyzed by one way ANCOVA. Result: First, there is a significant difference in reaction time before and after vibration training (p＜. 05). Second, there is also a significant difference in Movement Speed before and after vibration training (p＜. 05). Third, loading before and after the explosive force of lower limbs extremity vibration training has a remarkable difference (p＜. 05), and progressive range is better than the control group.Conclusion:The intervention of weight-bearing vibration training can improve high school male soft tennis players reaction time, Movement Speed and lower limbs explosive power effectively.

Критерии оценки скоростных способностей у юношей в гребле на байдарках / С. В. Гетманцев, О. И. Вертелецкий, О. В. Кувалдина, В. Б. Ижицкий // Матеріали ХVІІІ всеукр. наук.-практ. конф. "Медико-біологічні проблеми фізичної культури, спорту та здоров’я людини" – Миколаїв : МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинського, 2018. – Вип. 18. – С. 60–64.
Обстежувалися юнаки, учні школи-інтернату спортивного профілю, училища фізичної культури і студенти ВНЗ, що спеціалізуються у веслуванні на байдарках, у віці 11-12 років, 13-14 років, 15-16 років, 17-18 років та різної спортивної кваліфікації. Досліджувалися за розробленою нами методикою вимірювання ефекту тренувальної дії (ІЕТД) темп, час і швидкість одного руху, частота рухів, а також сенсомоторні реакції на звуковий і світловий подразники. Розроблено критерії оцінки швидкісних здібностей і складових їх елементів для моделювання тренувального процесу у веслуванні на байдарках.
Surveyed young men, students of the hoarding school sports profile, schools of physical culture and students of universities, specializing in rowing on kayaks, aged 11-12 years, 13-14 years, .15- 16 years, 17-18 years and various sports skills. We studied by the method of measuring the effect of the training action developed by us, the rate, time and speed of one movement, the frequency of movements, as well as sensorimotor reactions to sound and light stimuli. Developed criteria for assessing the speed abilities and their constituent elements for modeling the training process in rowing.
Обследовались юноши, учащиеся школы-интерната спортивного профиля, училища физической культуры и студенты ВУЗов, специализирующиеся в гребле на байдарках, в возрасте 11-12 лет, 13-14 лет, 15-16 лет, 17-18 лет и различной спортивной квалификации. Исследовались по разработанной нами методике измерения эффекта тренирующего действия (ИЭТД) темп, время и скорость одного движения, частота движений, а также сенсомоторные реакции на звуковой и световой раздражители. Разработаны критерии оценки скоростных способностей и составляющих их элементов для моделирования тренировочного процесса в гребле на байдарках.

Скоростные способности в гребле на байдарках у юношей / В. Л. Богуш, С. В. Гетманцев, О. В. Кувалдина, В. А. Косенчук, Е. А. Яцунский, А. А. Раевский // Матеріали XVII всеукр. наук.-практ. конф. "Медико-біологічні проблеми фізичної культури, спорту та здоров’я людини". – Миколаїв : МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинського, 2017. – Вип. 17. – С. 50–54.
Young men in age groups of 11-12 years, 13-14 years, 15-16 years, 17-18 years of various sports qualification specializing in rowing on kayaks were examined. According to the method of determining the effect of the training action developed by us, we studied the rates of speed abilities in terms of the tempo, time and speed of one motion, the frequency of movements. On the basis of the conducted studies, it is possible to determine the individual characteristics of the athlete's organism and recommend the proposed methodology for the purposeful study and development of one of the components of the physical quality of speed - speed abilities, formation and improvement of motor actions.
Обследовались юноши в возрастных группах 11-12 лет, 13-14 лет, 15-16 лет, 17-18 лет различной спортивной квалификации, специализирующиеся в гребле на байдарках. По разработанной нами методике определения эффекта тренирующего действия изучались показатели скоростных способностей по темпу, времени и скорости одного движения, частоте движений. На основании проведенных исследований можно определить индивидуальные особенности организма спортсменов и рекомендовать предложенную методику для целенаправленного изучения и развития одной из составляющих физического качества быстроты – скоростных способностей, формирования и совершенствования двигательных действий.

Калашник С. А. Визначення динаміки показників фізичної підготовленості школярів під впливом занять з боксу : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 017 "Фізична культура і спорт" / наук. керівник Г. А. Омельяненко. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 68 с.
UA : Дипломна робота: 68 сторінок, 9 таблиць, 3 рисунків, 81 літературних джерел. Мета дослідження – дослідити динаміку фізичної підготовленості учнів старшого шкільного віку під впливом занять з боксу. Об’єкт дослідження – процес фізичного виховання дітей старшого шкільного віку. Предмет дослідження – показники фізичної підготовленості учнів старшого шкільного віку. Суб’єкт дослідження – учні старшого шкільного віку. Методи дослідження: аналіз літературних джерел; педагогічне спостереження; педагогічний експеримент; контрольні випробування; методи математичної статистики. Результати отримані в ході дослідження дають підставу зробити висновок про ефективність впливу засобів боксу на показники фізичної підготовленості учнів старшого шкільного віку. Педагогічний експеримент показав, що експериментальна група поліпшила свої результати на відчутно більш вірогідно значущому рівні ніж контрольна група. Таким чином, ми вважаємо, що застосовувані в процесі виховання фізичних якостей школярів експериментальної групи засоби боксу ефективні.
EN : Thesis: 68 pages, 9 tables, 3 figures, 81 references. The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamics of physical fitness of high school students under the influence of boxing classes. The object of research is the process of physical education of high school children. The subject of research - indicators of physical fitness of high school students. The subject of the research is high school students. Research methods: analysis of literature sources; pedagogical observation; pedagogical experiment; control tests; methods of mathematical statistics. The results obtained during the study give grounds to conclude that the effectiveness of boxing on the indicators of physical fitness of high school students. The pedagogical experiment showed that the experimental group improved its results at a significantly more likely significant level than the control group. Thus, we believe that the means of boxing used in the process of educating the physical qualities of students in the experimental group are effective.

Zur Untersuchung der Faser-Matrix-Haftung in Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden werden neben makromechanischen Methoden wie dem Querzug und der Drei-Punkt-Biegung mikromechanische Methoden an Einzelfaser-Modellverbunden eingesetzt. Zu letzteren Methoden zählen bspw. der Tropfenabscherversuch, der Einzelfaserauszugversuch (engl. single-fibre pull-out test, SFPO) und der Einzelfaserfragmentierungsversuch (engl. single fibre fragmentation test, SFFT). Bei ihrem Einsatz ist zu beachten, dass sich unterschiedliche Einflussgrößen auf ihre Ergebnisse auswirken können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine ausführliche Literaturübersicht mit einem detaillierten Überblick zu einer größeren Anzahl verschiedener Einflussgrößen durchgeführt. Daraus werden die Einflussgrößen Härtungsdauer, Feuchtigkeit, freie Faserlänge und Abzugsgeschwindigkeit als Untersuchungsgegenstände dieser Arbeit erarbeitet. Wesentliche aus dieser Arbeit resultierende Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen sind nachstehend zusammengefasst. Härtungsdauer: Bei SFFT-Untersuchungen an Keramikfaser/Epoxidharz-Prüfkörpern wird ein degressiver Anstieg der Faser-Matrix-Haftung über der Härtungsdauer beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass sich die Härtungsdauer beim SFFT und SFPO prinzipbedingt unterschiedlich auswirkt (aufgrund destruktiver bzw. konstruktiver Überlagerungen von Eigenspannungen und Prüfkraft-induzierten Spannungen). Feuchtigkeit: SFPO-Untersuchungen an Kohlenstoffaser/Epoxidharz-Prüfkörpern nach einmonatiger Konditionierung in feuchtem (50 %rF, 23 °C) bzw. trockenem Klima (0 %rF, 23 °C) belegen eine feuchtebedingt verringerte Haftung. Daraus wird geschlussfolgert, dass eine schwankende Luftfeuchtigkeit auch in diesem eingegrenzten klimatischen Spektrum (bspw. in teilklimatisierten Laboren) als wichtiger potentieller Störfaktor zu beachten ist. Prüfparameter: Auf Basis des Hooke’schen Gesetzes kann für den SFPO gezeigt werden, dass die freie Faserlänge die Maximalkraft beeinflusst und die Einflüsse der freien Faserlänge und der Abzugsgeschwindigkeit auf die Maximalkraft in Zusammenhang stehen. Beides wird anhand von SFPO-Untersuchungen an Glasfaser/Epoxidharz-Prüfkörpern bestätigt. Ferner wird aus den Untersuchungen geschlussfolgert, dass eine Geschwindigkeitserhöhung von 0,01 µm/s auf 0,1 µm/s zur Reduzierung der Versuchsdauer – im vorliegenden Fall von 30 45 min auf 6 8 min – vertretbar ist. Darüber hinaus werden anhand von Fehlerverstärkungsfaktoren differenzierte Aussagen zum Einfluss fehlerhaft bestimmter Eingangsdaten auf die Berechnung der lokalen Grenzflächenscherfestigkeit generiert.
For investigating fibre-matrix adhesion in fibre-polymer composites, macromechanical methods such as transverse tensile and three-point bending tests can be applied as well as micromechanical methods for which single-fibre model composites are used. The latter category of methods includes microbond, single-fibre pull-out (SFPO) and single-fibre fragmentation tests (SFFT). When applying these methods, it needs to be considered that their results can be affected by different influencing factors. In the present thesis, an extensive literature survey with a detailed overview of a larger number of influencing factors is conducted. Based on this overview, the factors curing time, moisture, free fibre length and test speed are acquired as objects of investigation of this thesis. Main results and conclusions of this work are summarised below. Curing time: Results from SFFT investigations on ceramic fibre/epoxy-specimens exhibit a degressive increase of fibre-matrix adhesion with curing time. This indicates that curing time affects SFFT and SFPO results differently due to different underlying principles (based on destructive and, respectively, constructive superposition of internal stresses and load-induced stresses). Moisture: SFPO specimens (carbon fibre/epoxy) are conditioned in humid (50 %rH, 23 °C) and dry climate (0 %rH, 23 °C) for one month prior to testing. The results show lower adhesion due to moisture. It is concluded that uncontrolled humidity, even in this limited climatic spectrum, needs to be considered as an important potential factor of influence (e.g. in partially climatised laboratories). Test parameters: Based on Hooke’s law, it is demonstrated for the SFPO that a) the free fibre length affects the maximum force and b) the effects of the free fibre length and the test speed on the maximum force are interrelated. Both is confirmed with results from SFPO investigations on glass fibre/epoxy-specimens. Furthermore, it is deduced from the above investigations that an increase in test speed from 0.01 µm/s to 0.1 µm/s is legitimate for reducing test duration – in the present case from 30 45 min to 6 8 min. In addition, the effect of erroneously determined input data on the calculation of the local interfacial shear strength is studied using conditions numbers (a measure for the propagation of error). With this, differentiated statements are generated.