Dissertations / Theses: 'Time and Life Building'

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White, Jesse Tyler. "The Life of Buildings: A Narrative Through Time." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23288.

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The metaphor of buildings as "living beings" offers insight into our attitudes towards buildings and how we might conceive of buildings differently as architects. By personifying buildings as being alive, we understand the full life of a building, not only its past history but also its future needs, transformations or uses. The ceremonial opening of a building often assumes a finished construction existing within a fixed moment in time. In reality, however, buildings perpetually evolve throughout their entire lifetime. The story of a building\'s life, a chronicle of both the process of making and its evolution, can be narrated by the architect through the language of details.

This thesis proposes a Gallery + Library Archive for Black Mountain College at the site of a fire-ravaged cotton mill within the River Arts District of Asheville, North Carolina. The project seeks to establish a
continuum between the historic past of the site and the current transformations of the district. The
architectural design of the new building serves as a vehicle to study buildings in time and details that reveal the process of a building\'s making.
Master of Architecture

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Inyim, Peeraya. "Time, Cost, and Environmental Impact Analysis for Sustainable Design at Multiple Building Levels." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1800.

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Construction projects are complex endeavors that require the involvement of different professional disciplines in order to meet various project objectives that are often conflicting. The level of complexity and the multi-objective nature of construction projects lend themselves to collaborative design and construction such as integrated project delivery (IPD), in which relevant disciplines work together during project conception, design and construction. Traditionally, the main objectives of construction projects have been to build in the least amount of time with the lowest cost possible, thus the inherent and well-established relationship between cost and time has been the focus of many studies. The importance of being able to effectively model relationships among multiple objectives in building construction has been emphasized in a wide range of research. In general, the trade-off relationship between time and cost is well understood and there is ample research on the subject. However, despite sustainable building designs, relationships between time and environmental impact, as well as cost and environmental impact, have not been fully investigated. The objectives of this research were mainly to analyze and identify relationships of time, cost, and environmental impact, in terms of CO2 emissions, at different levels of a building: material level, component level, and building level, at the pre-use phase, including manufacturing and construction, and the relationships of life cycle cost and life cycle CO2 emissions at the usage phase. Additionally, this research aimed to develop a robust simulation-based multi-objective decision-support tool, called SimulEICon, which took construction data uncertainty into account, and was capable of incorporating life cycle assessment information to the decision-making process. The findings of this research supported the trade-off relationship between time and cost at different building levels. Moreover, the time and CO2 emissions relationship presented trade-off behavior at the pre-use phase. The results of the relationship between cost and CO2 emissions were interestingly proportional at the pre-use phase. The same pattern continually presented after the construction to the usage phase. Understanding the relationships between those objectives is a key in successfully planning and designing environmentally sustainable construction projects.

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Jackson, Jeanette. "Culturally-Responsive Dance: Building Community One Step at a Time." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1356091805.

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Bashirzadeh, Tabrizi Toktam. "Towards a Simplified LCA Tool: Minimising the Life Cycle Environmental Impact at the Early Stages of Building Design." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20955.

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Minimising the direct and indirect environmental impact of buildings over their life cycle has become a growing concern worldwide. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been effective in addressing this goal. However, it is constrained by several factors. First, little-detailed information to calculate LCA is available at the early stages of building design when the most important decisions are made. Second, the LCA method is too complex to apply at this stage, both in terms of the knowledge required to operate the conventional calculation software and for the inputs. Streamlining the LCA application at the early design phase has been hampered by the lack of reliable, available, comparable and consistent information on the life cycle environmental performance of buildings. Most of the previous LCA studies are based on a quantification method that requires the use of complex tools and an enormous amount of data and is best employed when the building is complete. The time and expense involved in this type of analysis make it unfeasible for small or individual projects. This thesis is the first step toward the development of a tool that allows designers to employ LCA in the early design stages of a building. It aims to allow designers to more easily apply the logic of LCA by minimising data requirements and identifying the most effective parameters that promise to make the most difference. A review of relevant literature has further identified the external criteria that are most closely associated with the effectiveness of LCA, namely: climate, location, building type and building lifetime. These parameters have been used to define a system boundary for generating results that reflect the characteristics of a specific building. Common rules have been extracted from the results of previous LCA studies of building envelopes and classified in relation to the most effective external criteria. The process shows that the results of quantitative LCA provide a ready-to-use database.

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Hallberg, Daniel. "System for Predictive Life cycle Management of Buildings and Infrastructures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10312.

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Tan, Mustafa Tumer. "Seismic Strengthening Of A Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Using Cfrps: An Application From Real Life." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610562/index.pdf.

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SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A MID-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME USING CFRPs: AN APPLICATION FROM REAL LIFE Tan, Mustafa Tü
mer M.S., Department Of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü
ney Ö
zcebe Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. BariS Binici May 2009, 162 pages FRP retrofitting allows the utilization of brick infill walls as lateral load resisting elements. This practical retrofit scheme is a strong alternative to strengthen low to mid-rise deficient reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Turkey. The advantages of the FRP applications, to name a few, are the speed of construction and elimination of the need for building evacuation during construction. In this retrofit scheme, infill walls are adopted to the existing frame system by using FRP tension ties anchored the boundary frame using FRP dowels. Results of experiments have previously shown that FRP strengthened infill walls can enhance lateral load carrying capacity and reduce damage by limiting interstory drift deformations. In previous, analytical studies, a detailed mathematical model and a simplified version of the model for compression struts and tension ties was proposed and verified by comparing model estimations with test results. In this study, an existing 9-storey deficient RC building located in Antakya was chosen to design and apply a hybrid strengthening scheme with FRPs and reduced number of shear walls. Linear elastic analysis procedure was utilized (force based assessment technique) along with the rules of Mode Superposition Method for the reftrofit design. FRP retrofit scheme was employed using the simplified model and design was conducted such that life safety performance criterion is satisfied employing elastic spectrum with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years according to the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. Further analytical studies are performed by using Modal Pushover and Nonlinear Time-History Analyses. At the end of these nonlinear analyses, performance check is performed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, using the strains resulting from the sum of yield and plastic rotations at demand in the critical sections. CFRP retrofitting works started at October 2008 and finished at December 2008 for the building mentioned in this study. Eccentric reinforced concrete shearwall installation is still being undertaken. All construction business is carried out without evacuation of the building occupants. This project is one of the first examples of its kind in Turkey. Keywords: CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers, Masonry Infill Walls, Reinforced Concrete Infill Walls, Mid-Rise Deficient Structures, Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, Modal Pushover Analysis, Nonlinear Time History Analysis, Linear Elastic Building Assessment

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Ahmad, Hudallah, and Julia Ulfvengren. "LCA-SIMULERING FÖR EN MODULBYGGNAD GENOM FYRA OLIKA LIVSCYKLER." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45074.

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Purpose: There is a severe housing shortage in Sweden, with a deficiency of schools and preschools. At the same time, carbon dioxide emission is measuring higher than ever and the realization of environmental crisis is clear. The building sector is responsible a high percentage of carbon dioxide emissions. Calculation for the climate impact can be implemented through life cycle assessment (LCA), directives are requested on how to build through an LCA perspective. The study investigates modular buildings that constitute an efficient and flexible way of managing the building shortage. The aim of this research was to get answers from an ecologically sustainable perspective to what provides more advantageous to process modules when the time- limited building permit expires and a module is needed somewhere else, with or without extra isolation. Method: A quantitative methodology was used to accomplish the aim. The climate impact of four different types of lifecycles simulates by using the software Anavitor. Other methods used for data acquisition was document analysis, calculation of specific energy use and transmission loss. Findings: The results present advantageous choices for stakeholders to pick after the time-limited building permits expire and a new module is demanded at another place. The study shows that less carbon dioxide emission is produced when reusing the module rather than demolish and produce a new module. Energy savings can be made which reduces the total climate impact of the module that are additionally insulated. Implications: The conclusion the group could deduct was that the production and manufacturing stage has a significant impact on the total climate impact that a renovation and non-manufacturing scenario is always more advantageous. By adding additionell isolation savings on total carbon dioxide emission can be made despite increased material use. Limitations: The results are limited to a life cycle assessment based on a module’s envelope as the interior and technical equipment is the same for all scenarios. The study was based on a standard module in which the equipment has no effect on the results. The result was initially specific, but with the help of calculation of the breakpoint for independent transport distances, a general validity could be given.
Syfte: I Sverige råder det brist på bostäder, skolor och förskolor, samtidigt uppmäter koldioxidutsläppen högre än någonsin och insikten om ett miljöhot är påtaglig. Byggnadssektorn ansvarar för en stor del av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp. Beräkning av klimatpåverkan kan utföras genom livscykelanalyser (LCA), däremot efterfrågas direktiv på vad som bör göras vid byggnation kring ett LCA-perspektiv. Undersökningen har genomförts på en modulbyggnad som utgör ett effektivt och flexibelt sätt att hantera byggnadsbristen på. Målet med arbetet var att ur ett ekologiskt hållbart perspektiv få svar på vad som är mer fördelaktigt att behandla moduler på när det tidsbegränsade bygglovet löpt ut och en modul behövs på en annan plats, med eller utan en tilläggsisolering. Metod: För att uppnå målet med studien användes en kvantitativ undersökningsstrategi. Klimatpåverkan för fyra olika typer av livscykler simulerades i mjukvaruprogrammet Anavitor. Andra metoder som används för datainsamling var dokumentanalys, beräkningar av specifik energianvändning och transmissionsförluster genom vägg vid tilläggsisolering. Resultat: Det genererade resultatet presenterar vad som är fördelaktigt att välja efter att det tidsbegränsade bygglovet löpt ut och en ny modul behövs på en annan plats. Studien visar att det genererar mycket mindre koldioxidutsläpp att återanvända modulen än att kassera och bygga ny modul. En energibesparing kan ges som sänker den totala klimatpåverkan för modulerna som tilläggsisoleras. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen av arbetet är att produktions och tillverkningsstadiet har så pass stor inverkan på den totala klimatpåverkan då utfallet att renovera och spara in på en tillverkningsfas är att föredra. För att göra valet av att tilläggsisolera eller inte krävs en LCA. Den koldioxidökningen som tillkommer på grund av volymökning av en tilläggsisolering får inte överskrida den minskning som genereras av energibesparing. Begränsningar: Studien är avgränsat till livscykelanalys gjord på modulens klimatskal då den invändiga och tekniska utrustningen är densamma för alla utfall, därför kan modulen även tillhöra en annan slags funktion. Resultatet blev till en början specifikt men med hjälp av beräkning av brytpunkt för oberoende transportsträckor kunde en generell giltighet ges.

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Piek, Philippus Jacobus. "An investigation into the time and cost factors for a decision between in-situ and hybrid concrete construction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95857.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The construction industry is a competitive market and contractors need to keep up-to-date with new construction methods and technologies. Project teams in South Africa are required to make decisions during the early stages of construction projects. These decisions often need to be made in a short time period, and include the decision between various construction methods, such as the decision between in-situ concrete construction and hybrid concrete construction. Hybrid concrete construction is a combination of pre-fabricated concrete and cast in-situ concrete to obtain the supreme benefits of their different construction qualities. This method of construction is ultimately used to achieve faster, and occasionally, more cost effective construction. Hybrid concrete construction, today, is a well-known term in the construction industry and is widely used in the UK and other developed countries. However, the use thereof is limited in South Africa, and in-situ concrete construction remains the conventional method of construction. Possible reasons for the limited use of hybrid concrete construction are investigated in this study. With the intent of improving the construction industry of South Africa, guidelines are provided to assist project teams in a decision between in-situ concrete construction and hybrid concrete construction. The decision between construction methods is based on many factors, such as project time, cost, quality, safety, environmental performance, socio-economic aspects (labour) and client satisfaction. Project time and cost are, however, the most important of these factors. It is stated that the structure of a building represents typically only 10 % of the construction cost, however, the choice of construction method and material can have significant effects on the cost of other elements throughout the life cycle of construction projects. It is therefore important to measure the whole life cycle cost when deciding between construction methods, such as in-situ concrete construction and hybrid concrete construction. The aim of this study is to identify and investigate the factors that influence project time and cost, throughout the life cycle of construction projects, and to provide a framework that can assist project teams in their decision between in-situ concrete construction and hybrid concrete construction in South Africa. The decision between these two construction methods is influenced by a vast number of variables that may be difficult to quantify. The framework therefore consists of qualitative information that can assist project teams in their decision. The framework provided in this study includes the factors that have an influence on the time and cost for a decision between in-situ concrete construction and hybrid concrete construction. These factors are identified for the three primary phases in the life cycle of construction projects. These phases are the design phase, the construction phase and the maintenance phase.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konstruksiebedryf is 'n kompiterende mark en kontrakteurs moet op datum bly met nuwe konstruksie metodes en tegnologieë. In Suid-Afrika word daar van projek spanne vereis om vinnige besluite gedurende vroeë stadiums van 'n projek te neem. Hierdie besluite moet dikwels in 'n kort tydperk geneem word, en sluit die besluit tussen verskillende konstruksie metodes in, byvoorbeeld die besluit tussen in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Hibriede beton konstruksie (HBK) is 'n kombinasie van in-situ en voorafvervaardigde beton elemente. HBK word in die algemeen gebruik om te baat uit 'n vinniger konstruksie tydperk, en kan soms ook ‘n meer koste-effektiewe metode van konstruksie wees. HBK word gesien as 'n bekende term in die konstruksiebedryf en word veral toegepas in ontwikkelde lande soos die VSA, Japan en Engeland. Die toepassing daarvan in Suid-Afrika is egter beperk. In Suid-Afrika word in-situ beton konstruksie nog steeds die meeste gebruik en staan dus bekend as die mees algemene metode van konstruksie. Hierdie studie ondersoek moontlike redes vir die beperkte gebruik van HBK in Suid-Afrika. Met die oog op 'n verbeterde konstruksiebedryf in Suid-Afrika, word rigylyne voorsien, wat projek spanne kan gebruik vir 'n besluit tussen in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Daar is verskeie faktore wat 'n rol speel in die besluit tussen twee konstruksie metodes. Hierdie faktore sluit in, die tyd, koste, kwaliteit, veilighed, omgewings impak, sosio-ekonomiese aspekte (soos arbeid) en kliënt tevredenheid, van 'n projek. Tyd en koste is egter die belangrikste van hierdie faktore. Die metode waarvolgens 'n struktuur gebou word kan 'n beduidende uitwerking op die koste van ander elemente in die lewensiklus van 'n konstruksie projek hê. Dit is gevolglik belangrik om die hele lewensiklus koste in ag te neem wanneer daar besluit moet word tussen verskeie konstruksie metodes, soos in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Die doel van hierdie studie is gevolglik om die faktore wat 'n invloed het op die tyd en lewensiklus koste van konstruksie projekte te identifiesieer. Hierdie faktore word dan gebruik om 'n raamwerk voor te stel. Projek spanne kan hierdie raamwerk gebruik as 'n riglyn om te besluit tussen in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Die besluit tussen hierdie twee konstruksie metodes is afhanklik van 'n groot aantal veranderlikes, wat moeilik is om te kwantifiseer. Die raamwerk bestaan dus uit kwalitatiewe inligting wat projek spanne kan gebruik om 'n ingeligte besluit te neem oor in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Die raamwerk wat in hierdie studie voorgestel word sluit dus die faktore in wat 'n invloed het op die tyd en koste vir 'n besluit tussen in-situ en hibriede beton konstruksie. Hierdie faktore is geïdentifiseer vir die drie primêre fases in die lewensiklus van 'n konstruksie projek. Hierdie fases is die ontwerp fase, die konstruksie fase en die onderhoud fase.

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Sidabutar, Marsingal, and Marouf Pervin Kilic. "Väggelement i trä : Prefab vs platsbyggt." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302364.

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Prefabricering av väggelement är en byggmetod under stark framväxt i byggandet av småhus de senaste decennierna. Kostnadseffektiviteten nämns ofta som ett skäl till att prefabricering av småhus har en sådan stor framväxt. Samtidigt har miljö- och klimatfrågan växt och då byggsektorn står för en stor del av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp krävs det att byggsektorn ställer om till ett allt med hållbart byggande. Detta examensarbete har undersökt denna kostnadseffektivitet och hur och om en går att kombinera med ett hållbart byggande och sedan jämfört detta med platsbyggda väggar i trä. Underlag har tagits fram i samarbete med Skidstahus som producerar prefabricerade väggelement i fabriksmiljö och underlag från Derome Hus AB/ VarbergsHus vad berör småhus i lösvirke. En kostnadsjämförelse av de två byggmetoderna visar att de prefabricerade väggelement som Skidstahus framställer är mer kostnadseffektiva och det beror till stor del på att arbetstiden effektiviseras. Till viss del visar examensarbetet att materialanvändningen även resurs effektiviseras vid Skidstahus produktion och resulterar i mindre spill som därmed gynnar ett hållbart byggande. Andra viktiga aspekter för hållbarhet och livslängd såsom fukt och lufttäthet visar att prefabricerade väggar har utmaningar då skarvar och anslutningar måste vara väl utförda. Samtidigt innebär arbetet i fabriksmiljö att risken för fuktproblem minskar då det ger ett skydd för klimat och väder. Detta är medför även att byggarbetarna får en god och vältempererad arbetsmiljö. Däremot finns frågetecken kring hur byggande med prefabricerade väggelement påverkar miljön i form av transporter i förhållandet till platsbyggda väggar av lösvirke, då transporter till och från fabrik krävs. Utöver detta påverkar byggmetoden hur gestaltning och arkitektur utförs då ett platsbyggt hus i trä enklare går att utföra med valfri gestaltning. Analyserna visar sammanfattningsvis att användandet av prefabricerade väggelement i trä reducerar byggkostnader samtidigt som det kan bidra till ett hållbart byggande. Det krävs dock ytterligare studier för att jämföra den beräknade livslängden på prefabricerade väggar och platsbyggda.
Prefabrication of wood wall elements in construction of villas and terraced houses is a building method undergoing growth in recent decades. Cost efficiency is often cited as a reason why prefabrication has undergone such a large growth. At the same time, the issue of environmental impact and climate change has grown. As the construction sector accounts for a large part of Sweden's carbon dioxide emissions, the construction sector needs to become more sustainable. This thesis has examined this cost-effectiveness and if it is possible to combine with environmental sustainability. To examine this more thoroughly a comparison is made with in site-built timber-framed constructed walls. The thesis has been conducted in collaboration with Skidstahus, which produces prefabricated wall elements in a factory environment, especially for data collection. Information and data have also been collected from Varbergshus / Derome producing houses in site-built timber-framed building. A cost comparison of the building methods shows that the prefabricated wall elements manufactured by Skidstahus are more cost-effective, which can be linked to work efficiency. To some extent, the thesis also shows that material use can be optimized at Skidstahus production and therefore results in less waste, which thus reduces environmental impact. Other important factors for durability and accounted life span is the building method’s ability to handle migration of moisture and airtightness. The thesis shows that prefabricated walls have challenges, as joints and connections must be well designed. At the same time, factory production allows an environment which can reduce risk of migration of moisture as it provides protection for climate and weather impact. Another aspect is that it provides a good and well-tempered work environment for the construction worker. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the use of prefabricated wall elements affects the environment as it may increase the need of transportation in relation to on site-built timber-framed walls, as transport to and from the factory is required. In addition, the prefabricated method could influence how design and architecture is carried out while a wood house made from stick timber is more easily modified. In summary, the analysis show that the use of prefabricated wood wall elements reduces building costs while at the same time it can contribute to environmental sustainability. However, further studies are required to compare the estimated life span of the two compared building methods.

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Kovandová, Lucie. "Zhodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti polyfunkčního domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265484.

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This diploma thesis deals with analysis of multifunctional building efficiency investment. The theoretical part describes investments and investment space, building life cycle, financing options and evaluation methods of efficiency investment. The practical part is focused on specific contract efficiency realized in Prague. Cash flow is created and payback time is counted for the individual scenarios. Net present value and internal rate of return serve as alternative indicators of efficiency investment.

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Rokašová, Petra. "Dům s pečovatelskou službou - stavebně technologická příprava výstavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227493.

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The diploma thesis contains chosen parts of the building-technological project for the building of a house with a nursing service in Budweis. Further on the thesis contains a technical report, a detailed time plan of the main building object and its budget, a project of the organisation of the building site, a checking and testing plan, the principles of the maintenance of the green roof with a half-intensive vegetation, a contract about the work, a plan concerning safety and dangers on a building, a thermal-technological appraisal of chosen construction and the schemes of the methods of construction. Part of the thesis are also technological instructions for three types of roof housings on two different carrying constructions, their comparison and the best option chosen for the realisation.

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Rakow, Tom. "Building congregational life upon the Bible." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Gomez, Limia Guillermo. "Real-time scheduling in smart building." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199383.

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Qirushi, Andon. "Building Information Modelling (BIM) Effectiveness in Performing Life Cycle Assessment of Building." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7081/.

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The scope of this project is to study the effectiveness of building information modelling (BIM) in performing life cycle assessment in a building. For the purposes of the study will be used “Revit” which is a BIM software and Tally which is an LCA tool integrated in Revit. The project is divided in six chapters. The first chapter consists of a theoretical introduction into building information modelling and its connection to life cycle assessment. The second chapter describes the characteristics of building information modelling (BIM). In addition, a comparison has been made with the traditional architectural, engineering and construction business model and the benefits to shift into BIM. In the third chapter it will be a review of the most well-known and available BIM software in the market. In chapter four life cycle assessment (LCA) will be described in general and later on specifically for the purpose of the case study that will be used in the following chapter. Moreover, the tools that are available to perform an LCA will be reviewed. Chapter five will present the case study that consists of a model in a BIM software (Revit) and the LCA performed by Tally, an LCA tool integrated into Revit. In the last chapter will be a discussion of the results that were obtained, the limitation and the possible future improvement in performing life cycle assessment (LCA) in a BIM model.

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Körberg, Turhagen Frida. "Urban building i kvarteret Domherren : Life aquatic." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95552.

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Hamanaka, Leslie K. (Leslie Kinu). "Daily life support : building a collective neighborhood." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66723.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
Do the house forms and residential neighborhoods commonly found in the U.S. accommodate the present needs and lifestyles of the people who live in them? The single-family detached house and multi-family units like the triple-decker originated in an era quite unlike the one in which we now find ourselves. I intend to explore the possibility that we may not have to adapt to a dwelling sensibility that is restrictive and inappropriate for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Perhaps the result will not look radically different than the models we already know but will only function in a subtly different manner, for very specific reasons of use and daily life. I will design a piece of a residential neighborhood in Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts based on the premise that the physical, organizational, and functional aspects of housing design do affect and can contribute to the quality of people's lives. Some questions that I find valid for exploration in the context of housing are: 1) can a mix of uses animate a neighborhood by providing commonly needed services and by reducing the isolation of the home from everything else in life: work, shopping, child care, entertainment?; 2) have we been perpetuating outdated Victorian ideals about the separation of work and home based on roles related to gender? If so, couldn't housing design be more progressive in supporting the way women and men actually live today rather than the way one's great-grandparents lived?;
(cont.) 3) if women still perform most of the household chores and child-rearing in the U.S. (whether married, single, or divorced), with the majority of American women also working full-time and getting paid two-thirds the salary of men, couldn't there exist a type of housing that considers the enormous demands on a person's time, energy, and resources necessary to accomplish all of this? I intend to research selected examples of feminist and experimental housing designs prior to starting my own. The Danish precedent of cohousing and Dolores Hayden's historical research and interpretive stance will establish my basic approach to the design project and its program. The design will be further informed by my own rethinking of domestic life and the architectural implications of it, recorded in "patterns" similar in intention to those of Alexander, et al.
by Leslie K. Hamanaka.
M.Arch.

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Frank, David N. "Time perspective and life satisfaction." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1304655.

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The present study assessed the relationship between differing views of time perspective and satisfaction with life among college females. Time perspective was measured according to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) and life satisfaction was assessed along a temporal continuum with the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (Pavot, Diener, & Suh, 1998). It was found that the positive time perspective of the past, present, and future were related to life satisfaction along the same temporal frames with the exception of the future subscale. The negatively oriented time perspective scales had a negative relationship with life satisfaction as was expected. Levels of balance between the past positive, present hedonistic, and future subscales were measured which created four categories of balanced or unbalanced, positive or negative perspectives. It was found that the greater the amount of positive scores among the three time perspective scales, the greater the total life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Coletti, Michele. "Hollow cathode life time modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65718/.

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Hollow Cathodes (HCs) are of primary importance in the field of electric space propulsion, being used as electron sources in ion and Hall-effect thrusters. Hence, their lifetime is a key factor in all these applications. HCs have demonstrated the capability of providing up to 30,000 hours of operation, whereas no direct experimental data exist above this limit. The importance of HC lifetime is a growing issue for deep space missions using propulsive systems based on ion or Hall-effect thrusters that may require longer lifetimes than those demonstrated up to now. To address these concerns about HCs and to prove the suitability of an ion thrusters based solar electric propulsion subsystem for future high-impulse missions (such as Bepi Colombo), a model able to predict the HC lifetime is needed. The model that has been developed in this thesis consists of three parts: a barium oxide depletion model, a low work function surface coverage model and a plasma update procedure to calculate the effects that a change in the insert surface work function will produce on the cathode plasma. The barium-oxide depletion model has been validated by comparing its results with experimental measurements performed at QinetiQ and NASA, showing a good quantitative agreement. The low-work function surface coverage model is the first of its kind to include the effect of ion bombardment. The plasma update procedure, even if semi-empirical, is able to produce results that are in good agreement with the measurements. Using these three models the lifetime of the NSTAR hollow cathode has been simulated, yielding predictions that are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations.

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Deo, Vishwadeep. "Real-Time Adaptive Systems for Building Envelopes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19769.

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The thesis attempts to investigate the issues pertaining to design, fabrication and application of real-time adaptive systems for building envelopes, and to answer questions raised by the idea of motion in architecture. The thesis uses the Solar Decathlon Competition as a platform to base all the research and consequently to verify their applications. Photo-voltaic (PV) panels and shading devices are two different components of Georgia Institute of Technology s the Solar Decathlon House, located above the roof, that are based on the concept of Homeostasis or self-regulated optimization. For the PV panels, the objective is to optimize energy production, by controlling their movement to track the changing position of Sun, whereas, the objective for the shading devices is to reduce heating or cooling loads by controlling the position of shading devices, thus controlling direct and diffused heat gains through the roof. To achieve this adaptive feature, it required three layers of operations. First was the design of the mechanics of movement, which tried to achieve the required motion for the PV panels and shading devices by using minimum components and parameters. Second was the design of the individual parts that are consistent with the overall concept of the House. And finally, the third layer is the design of controls that automates the motion of the PV panels and Shading Devices, using a set of sensors that actuate the attached motors. As a final product, there is an attempt to integrate the precision and material efficiency of digital fabrication with the self-regulated optimization of the roof components.

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Patulny, Roger Social Policy Research Centre Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Society building - welfare, time and social capital." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27431.

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Social capital is a relatively new concept compared to welfare, though debates on the advantages of different welfare regimes and the links between state provision and social participation are tentatively connecting the two areas. Esping-Andersen classifies welfare regimes into three types - market-focused liberal, status-focused corporatist, and equality-focused social democratic regimes. Each has been well studied with regards to the effects of commodification (market dependency), stratification (inequality and stigma), and familialisation (paternalistic family dependency). However, such focus largely upon economic rather than social concerns. This thesis examines the proposition that welfare can ???build society??? by promoting these social aspects otherwise known as social capital. The social capital concept has definition and measurement problems with causality and the capture of social activities rather than just norms. Acknowledging, this, social capital is preferably defined from the literature as norms of trust, networks of association membership, and practices of volunteering and socialising. A critical reading highlights the importance of separating bonding social capital, as captured in Bourdieu and Coleman???s exclusive networks, from bridging social capital, more akin to Putnam???s civil society and thus closer to social welfare. This thesis examines numerous empirical measures of bridging social capital, by looking at norms and networks through the World Values Survey, and practices through the Multinational Time Use Study across nine OECD countries. Results show that social democratic welfare regimes do promote social capital, with high levels of trust, membership and social activity. Corporatist welfare regimes show low but constant levels of social capital, whilst liberal welfare regimes have experienced declines in trust. Increasingly means-tested liberal regimes register high levels of commodification, with poor work-leisure balances, and are also more stratified with higher levels of inequality, whilst attitudes stigmatising immigrants and the poor are apparent amongst all less trusting countries. Familialisation is explicit in corporatist values and male/female work imbalances, and implicit in liberal values and poor family payments, with reduced social capital contributions from women as a result. Overall empirical testing of relations between welfare regimes and social capital show that both are linked most positively under universal rather than meanstested conditions.

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Hyatt, Marian M. "Adaptive reuse architecture : reconciling building and time." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23112.

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Dong, Yahong, and 董雅紅. "Life cycle sustainability assessment modeling of building construction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206665.

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Building industry is one of the most influential economic sectors, which accounts for 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) globally and 40% of the world energy consumption. To achieve the goal of sustainable development, it is necessary to understand the sustainability performance of building construction in the environmental, the economic and the social aspects. This study quantitatively evaluates impacts of building construction in the three aspects by using the recently developed life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methodology, in which environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA), environmental life cycle costing (ELCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) are integrated. The scope of this research covers ‘cradle-to-site’ life cycle stages, from raw material extraction to on-site construction. Three life-cycle models are developed, namely the Environmental Model of Construction (EMoC), the Cost Model of Construction (CMoC), and the Social-impact Model of Construction (SMoC). EMoC is a comprehensive ELCA model that evaluates environmental impacts of building construction by considering eighteen impact categories. CMoC is an ELCC model that provides analyses on construction costs and externalities. SMoC is an innovative S-LCA model being able to quantify social impacts of building construction in thirteen social impact categories. The three models are then integrated into a newly proposed LCSA framework. In order to select an appropriate LCIA method for EMoC, the differences among existing life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods are investigated. It is found that LCIA methods are consistent in global impact categories, while inconsistent in regional impact categories. ‘ReCiPe’ is selected as the LCIA method to be used in EMoC. Midpoint and endpoint approaches of ‘ReCiPe’ can lead to different interpretations. Endpoint approach emphasizes on certain impact categories and can only be used when midpoint results are provided. A life cycle inventory is established for ready mixed concrete and precast concrete based on site-specific data from concrete batching plant and precast yard. EMoC is employed to compare environmental performance of precast and cast-in-situ construction methods. It is found that adoption of precast concrete can significantly improve environmental performance of building construction. SMoC suggests that adoption of precast concrete can have both negative and positive impacts on local employment. A case study is conducted to test the model performance. It demonstrates that environmental impacts of ‘cradle-to-site’ construction activities are mostly attributed to the material stage. The external cost due to carbon emission is about 2% of the total construction cost. Environmental-friendly on-site construction practices can significantly improve social performance of building construction. The major findings of this study are verified through interviews with the local experts in Hong Kong. These validation interviews confirm that the proposed LCSA framework and the developed models contribute to the building industry in Hong Kong. In particular, this study can be used as a supplementary to the building assessment scheme, HK BEAM Plus. Results from this study can improve the understanding of building sustainability.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Stylidis, Dimitrios. "Tourism and community life : building a conceptual framework." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/771377/.

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Tourism is widely considered as a means for enhancing local economies but as previous research has shown, is not always a panacea. The development of tourism at a destination, in particular, has considerable positive and negative impacts of economic, social, cultural and environmental nature that an increasing number of host communities are experiencing in their daily life. The significant effects tourism can have on a destination and its population led researchers to examine hosts' perceptions of the impacts of tourism in order to understand the influence of the industry on the life of residents, as well as identifY their level of support for tourism development. Aiming to understand the formation of residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and support for tourism development, which is vital for local authorities and planners in planning and developing tourism at a level that residents will endorse, previous studies examined a number of factors as potential antecedents of these perceptions. Even though researchers have so far highlighted the effect that the context of the destination (rural-urban) or its particular conditions (e.g. state of the local economy) have in forming residents' perceptions, no previous study has examined the way residents perceive their place as a place of residence and how this affects the formation of residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and support for further tourism development. In fact, as a destination image study has found (Schroeder, 1996), the way residents perceive their place as a tourist destination positively affects their intention to support tourism development as well as to recommend the destination to others. The first stage of this study, involved a thorough review of the literature on residents' perception of tourism impacts, aiming to identify the potential impacts of tourism as perceived by residents, the factors that influence residents' perceptions and support for tourism, and the major theories developed for understanding the formation of these perceptions. In addition, since there is a paucity of research in measuring residents' perception of their place as a place of residence, the researcher reviewed the destination image and community satisfaction literature as a theoretical background for establishing a construct termed residents' image of their place as a place of residence. Building on the social exchange theory, this study developed and tested a model with the aim to examine how factors (residence image, potential economic benefit, community 11 attachment) identified in the literature affect the formation of residents' perception of the economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism which in tum were hypothesised to affect residents' support for further tourism development. After having established the theoretical framework, the researcher selected the quantitative research approach as the most relevant for the needs of this study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the adult residents of Kavala, and 481 usable questionnaires were retained for data analysis. The research findings confirmed most of the initial hypotheses, apart from the role of community attachment, and provided evidence to support the proposed model. Among the theoretical contributions of this study is the development of a construct (residence image) which is deemed useful for understanding the way residents perceive their place as a place of residence. Capturing residence image reveals the positive and negative images residents hold of their place, information which is useful for local authorities and marketers for improving the image of a city and building a successful brand image. This study contributes also to the body of knowledge by providing a theoretical framework for understanding the way specific elements (personal benefit from tourism, community attachment, residence image) affect residents' perception of tourism and support for tourism development. The examination of the effect that these factors, and especially residence image, have on perception of impacts is deemed useful in deciding which type of tourism development is appropriate and relevant for the destination and its population, in understanding how residents' perceptions of impacts and support for tourism development are formed, as well as how residents' support for tourism will increase. Finally, this thesis contributes to monitoring, planning and management of tourism, as the finding can assist local authorities, tourism planners and developers in the design and implementation of tourism development plans that will be supported by the majority of the host population. All in all, the theoretical framework developed contributes to planning and developing tourism to a level that residents will endorse, helping thus in maintaining a harmonious relationship between the host population and the tourist industry which is vital for the development of a sustainable and successful tourist destination.

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Yossef, Delav, and Dino Hot. "Comparative life cycle assessment of organic building materials." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37774.

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The ever-increasing awareness of global warming has made the building industry startlooking for alternative building solutions in order to meet the changing demands. Thesechallenges have given rise to organization which aim to go further and construct moresustainable alternatives in the form of Ecovillages. This thesis is conducted in collaborationwith Bysjöstrans Ekoby and aims to investigate what type of organic alternatives exist andhow they perform in building elements.The study was carried out through a comparative LCA where a base case construction forboth roof and wall was established. Followed by comparing different organic materials toeach other and the base case materials in order to determine low-impact materials. The goalwas to replaces as many layers within the structure such as insulation, structure, roofcladding, façade, wind and vapor barrier.This was later followed by combing the materials together in order to identify whichalternative construction options would perform the best in regard to greenhouse gasemissions (CO2 eq kg) and primary energy use (MJ).The results of the study show that the performance or organic materials vary significantly.Whit a lot of materials being better but also worse than traditional materials. It showed thatfor internal wall and roof surface adding clay plater can reduce the GHG emission with 68%, timber frame with 98 %, façade with 43 %, roof cladding with 93 %, vapor barrier with76 % and insulation with 79 %. The best preforming construction option could reduce thebase case emission with 68 %.

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Matos, Raquel Valente de Pinho. "Building life cycle management na reabilitação de edifícios." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21953.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
A gestão de edifícios ao longo do seu ciclo de vida é atualmente um problema que requer uma grande otimização, considerando o alto custo associado à utilização dos edifícios e devido aos custos de operação e manutenção. O número de edifícios existentes que necessitam de ações de reabilitação justifica a necessidade de um modelo de intervenção que otimize a sua vida útil após o processo de reabilitação. O custo do ciclo de vida é uma técnica usada para analisar vantagens de diferentes propostas, relacionadas com o planeamento do ciclo de vida do edificio, que avalia todos os custos que envolvem um ativo durante toda a sua vida, nomeadamente o custo de investimento, operação, manutenção e de fim de vida. No que diz respeito à otimização da gestão do ciclo de vida do edificio, propõe-se a metodologia BIM, que combina o Building Life Cycle Management (BLCM) e a informação digital tendo como suporte o modelo 3D, permitindo mais rigor e controle do que os processos manuais, contribuindo para a redução de perda de informação durante o ciclo de vida do edificio, e facilitando a comunicação entre os vários intervenientes. Assim, a presente dissertação tem o objetivo de otimizar a gestão do ciclo de vida de edifícios e minimizar os custos ao longo deste processo. Para atingir os objetivos pretendidos é analisada a aplicação do BLCM a um caso de estudo de um edifício em reabilitação, no qual se avalia a vida útil das soluções de reabilitação, usando o método fatorial apresentado na ISO 15686. Foi assim possível avaliar quais são as melhores soluções de reabilitação, em termos de durabilidade, comparando com diferentes propostas, e calcular o custo do ciclo de vida. Analisa ainda, a aplicação da metodologia BIM ao caso de estudo, concluindo-se sobre a respetiva vantagem na determinação do Custo do Ciclo de Vida e para o planeamento das ações de manutenção do edifício.
Buildings management along with its life cycle is currently an issue that requires a great optimisation considering the high cost associated with the buildings use and due to the operation and maintenance costs. The number of existing buildings needing rehabilitation actions justify the need of an intervention model that optimise its service life after the rehabilitation process. The Life Cycle Cost is a technique used to analyse the advantages of different proposals related to the planning of the building life cycle and to avaluate all costs involving an assets throughout its life, including investiment, operation maintenance and end of life. Regarding otimizing the Building Life Cycle Management it is proposed BIM methodology that is a combination of Building Life Cycle Management (BLCM) and the digital information of 3D modeling that allows more reability and control than manual process. BLCM also contributes for the reduction of information loss during the building life cycle, and facilitates communication between the stakeholders. So, this thesis aims to optimize the Building Life Cycle Management and minimize costs throughtout this process. In order to achieve the desired objectives, this dissertation analyses the application of BLCM to a case study under a rehabilitation process. With this, it was possible to assess if the solutions of rehabilitation are the best in terms of durability, when compared with other proposals and it allows to calculate the Life Cycle Cost. It was analysed and concluded that the application of BIM methodology can bring advantages for Life Cycle Cost and for future maintenance of buildings.

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Djuric, Natasa. "Real-time supervision of building HVAC system performance." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2215.

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This thesis presents techniques for improving building HVAC system performance in existing buildings generated using simulation-based tools and real data. Therefore, one of the aims has been to research the needs and possibilities to assess and improve building HVAC system performance. In addition, this thesis aims at an advanced utilization of building energy management system (BEMS) and the provision of useful information to building operators using simulation tools.

Buildings are becoming more complex systems with many elements, while BEMS provide many data about the building systems. There are, however, many faults and issues in building performance, but there are legislative and cost-benefit forces induced by energy savings. Therefore, both BEMS and the computer-based tools have to be utilized more efficiently to improve building performance.

The thesis consists of four main parts that can be read separately. The first part explains the term commissioning and the commissioning tool work principal based on literature reviews. The second part presents practical experiences and issues introduced through the work on this study. The third part deals with the computer-based tools application in design and operation. This part is divided into two chapters. The first deals with improvement in the design, and the second deals with the improvement in the control strategies. The last part of the thesis gives several rules for fault diagnosis developed using simulation tools. In addition, this part aims at the practical explanation of the faults in the building HVAC systems.

The practical background for the thesis was obtained though two surveys. The first survey was carried out with the aim to find the commissioning targets in Norwegian building facilities. In that way, an overview of the most typical buildings, HVAC equipment, and their related problems was obtained. An on-site survey was carried out on an example building, which was beneficial for introducing the building maintenance structure and the real hydronic heating system faults.

Coupled simulation and optimization programs (EnergyPlus and GenOpt) were utilized for improving the building performances. These tools were used for improving the design and the control strategies in the HVAC systems. Buildings with a hydronic heating system were analyzed for the purpose of improving the design. Since there are issues in using the optimization tool, GenOpt, a few procedures for different practical problems have been suggested. The optimization results show that the choice of the optimization functions influences significantly the design parameters for the hydronic heating system.

Since building construction and equipment characteristics are changing over time, there is a need to find new control strategies which can meet the actual building demand. This problem has been also elaborated on by using EnergyPlus and GenOpt. The control strategies in two different HVAC systems were analyzed, including the hydronic heating system and the ventilation system with the recovery wheel. The developed approach for the strategy optimization includes: involving the optimization variables and the objective function and developing information flow for handling the optimization process.

The real data obtained from BEMS and the additional measurements have been utilized to explain faults in the hydronic heating system. To couple real data and the simple heat balance model, the procedure for the model calibration by use of an optimization algorithm has been developed. Using this model, three operating faults in the hydronic heating system have been elaborated.

Using the simulation tools EnergyPlus and TRNSYS, several fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) rules have been generated. The FDD rules were established in three steps: testing different faults, calculating the performance indices (PI), and classifying the observed PIs. These rules have been established for the air cooling system and the hydronic heating system. The rules can diagnose the control and the component faults. Finally, analyzing the causes and the effects of the tested faults, useful information for the building maintenance has been descriptively explained.

The most important conclusions are related to a practical connection of the real data and simulation-based tools. For a complete understanding of system faults, it is necessary to provide real-life information. Even though BEMS provides many building data, it was proven that BEMS is not completely utilized. Therefore, the control strategies can always be improved and tuned to the actual building demands using the simulation and optimization tools. It was proven that many different FDD rules for HVAC systems can be generated using the simulation tools. Therefore, these FDD rules can be used as manual instructions for the building operators or as a framework for the automated FDD algorithms.

Denne avhandlingen presenterer noen fremgangsmåter for forbedring av ytelser for VVS-tekniske anlegg i eksisterende bygninger basert på bruk av simuleringsverktøy og virkelige måledata. Ett av målene har vært å undersøke behov og muligheter for vurdering og forbedring av ytelser for VVS-anlegg i bygninger. I tillegg har denne avhandlingen hatt som mål å fremme bruk av SD-anlegg samt å fremskaffe nyttig informasjon til driftspersonalet.

Bygninger blir stadig mer kompliserte systemer som inneholder flere og flere komponenter mens SD-anlegg håndterer en stadig større mengde data fra bygningsinstallasjoner. På den ene siden registreres det ofte feil og problemer med hensyn til ytelsene til de VVS-tekniske installasjonene. På den andre siden innføres det stadig strengere lovmessige pålegg og kost-nyttekrav motivert i energieffektiviseringen. SD-anlegg og databaserte verktøy bør derfor brukes mer effektivt for forbedring av ytelsene.

Avhandlingen består av fire hoveddeler hvor hver del kan leses separat. Den første delen, som er basert på literatturstudie, forklarer funksjonskontroll som begrep og prinsipper for oppbygging av verktøy for funksjonskontroll. Den andre delen presenterer praktisk erfaring og problemstillinger utviklet og behandlet i løpet av arbeidet med avhandlingen. Den tredje delen handler om anvendelse av databaserte verktøy for forbedring av ytelsen for VVS-tekniske installasjoner. Den tredje delen er delt opp i to kapitler, hvorav et handler om forbedring av systemløsninger og et om forbedring av styringsstrategier. Den siste delen presenterer flere regler for feilsøking og diagnostisering utviklet gjennom bruk av simuleringsverktøy. I tillegg gir denne delen en praktisk forklaring av feilene i de VVS-anleggene som er behandlet i undersøkelsen.

Det praktiske grunnlaget for avhandlingen er etablert gjennom to undersøkelser. Den første var en spørreundersøkelse som hadde til hensikt å kartlegge målsetninger for funksjonskontroll i norske bygninger. Gjennom dette ble det etablert en oversikt over de mest typiske bygninger med tilhørende VVS-anlegg og de mest forekommende problemene. En dypere undersøkelse ble utført på ett casebygg. Denne undersøkelsen viste seg å være nyttig både for kartlegging av betydningen av organisering av driften av bygningen og for avdekking av de virkelige feilene i det vannbårne oppvarmingssystemet.

En kobling mellom et simulerings- og et optimaliseringsprogram (EnergyPlus og GenOpt) har vært benyttet for forbedring av ytelsene for de VVS-tekniske installasjonene. Disse verktøyene har vært brukt for forbedring av både systemløsningene og styringsstrategiene for VVS-anlegg. Bygninger med vannbåren oppvarmingssystem har vært analysert for å forbedre systemløsningen. På grunn av begrensninger i bruken av optimaliseringsverktøyet GenOpt, har det blitt utviklet egne prosedyrer for håndtering av visse typer problemstillinger hvor denne begrensningen opptrer. Resultatene for optimaliseringen viser at valg av objektfunksjoner påvirker betydelig parametrene i det vannbårne oppvarmingssystemet.

Endringer i egenskapene til både bygningskonstruksjoner og utstyr som skjer på grunn av aldring over tiden, gjør det nødvendig med tilpassning av styringsstrategier slik at det virkelige behovet kan bli dekket. Denne problemstillingen har vært analysert ved bruk av EnergyPlus og GenOpt. Styringsstrategiene for to forskjellige VVS-anlegg, et vannbåret oppvarmingssystem og et ventilasjonsanlegg med varmegjenvinner har blitt behandlet. Den utviklete prosedyren for optimalisering av styringsstrategien består av følgende steg: innføring av optimaliseringsvariabler og objektfunksjon, samt utvikling av informasjonsflyt for behandling av optimaliseringsprosessen.

De virkelige data, både fra SD-anlegg og tilleggsmålinger, har vært benyttet for praktisk forklaring av feilene i oppvarmingssystemet. En prosedyre for modellkalibrering basert på bruk av en optimaliseringsalgoritme som kobler sammen de virkelige data og en enkel varmebalansemodell har blitt foreslått. Tre konkrete driftsfeil i oppvarmingssystemet har blitt belyst gjennom bruk av denne varmebalansemodellen.

Flere regler for feilsøking og diagnostisering har blitt utviklet ved hjelp av simuleringsverktøyene EnergyPlus and TRNSYS. Denne utviklingen har bestått av tre ulike steg: testing av bestemte feil, beregning av ytelsesindikatorer og til slutt klassifisering av de observerte ytelsesindikatorer. Reglene har blitt utviklet for et system av aggregater for luftkjøling og for et vannbåret oppvarmingssystem. Reglene kan diagnostisere både styringsfeil og komponentfeil. Til slutt presenteres informasjon som er nyttig for drift av VVS-tekniske installasjoner i bygninger basert på en analyse av årsakene for og virkningene av de feil som er behandlet.

De viktigste konklusjonene er knyttet til praktisk kombinasjon av virkelige måleverdier og simuleringsverktøy. Informasjon fra det virkelig liv er helt nødvendig for å få en god forståelse av feil som oppstår i anlegg. Det er også vist at potensialet som ligger i alle de data som er tilgjengelige gjennom SD-anlegg, ikke er fullt utnyttet. Gjennom bruk av simuleringsverktøy kan styringsstrategiene alltid bli bedre tilpasset og innjustert til de virkelige behov i bygningen. Simuleringsverktøy kan også brukes for utvikling av prosedyrer for feilsøking og diagnostisering i VVS-tekniske anlegg. Disse prosedyrene kan brukes enten som en veileder for manuell feilsøking og detektering eller som grunnlag for utvikling av automatiserte algoritmer.

Paper II, VI and VII are reprinted with kind permission from Elsevier, sciencedirect.com

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Kibar, Mustafa Alptekin. "Building Cost Index Forecasting With Time Series Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608686/index.pdf.

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Building cost indices are widely used in construction industry to measure the rate of change of building costs as a combination of labor and material costs. Cost index forecast is crucial for the two main parties of construction industry, contactor, and the client. Forecast information is used to increase the accuracy of estimate for the project cost to evaluate the bid price. The aim of this study is to develop time series models to forecast building cost indices in Turkey and United States. The models developed are compared with regression analysis and simple averaging models in terms of predictive accuracy. As a result of this study, time series models are selected as the most accurate models in predicting cost indices for both Turkey and United States. Future values of building cost indices can be predicted in adequate precision using time series models. This useful information can be used in tender process in estimation of project costs, which is one of the critical factors affecting the overall success of a construction project. Better cost estimates shall enable contractors to produce cash flow forecasts more acurately. Furthermore accurate prediction of future prices is very useful for owners in budget allocations
moreover can help investors to evaluate project alternatives adequately.

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Oddo, Maria Emanuela. "Measuring time. Histories of chronology building in archaeology." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2020. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/315/1/Oddo_phdthesis.pdf.

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Histories of archaeology are usually either cultural histories (i.e. histories of archaeological thought) or histories of progress describing the advancement of the discipline in a specific field or geographical area (e.g. histories of archaeological discoveries). Only a small number of histories of archaeological methods have been written. They are normally ‘histories of progress’ and do not leave great space to the investigation of the intellectual context in which methods where conceived and applied, or the academic milieu, in which their results were used and interpreted. My dissertation uses the approach of intellectual history to examine the historical development of a field of archaeological research – chronology – that usually generates expectations of objectivity. Analysing it from the perspective of its cultural and historical conditions of possibility is an entirely novel endeavour. This topic is inspected through four case studies, two of which regard long-standing chronological controversies, and two of which concern the invention and early adoption of dating methods. The research presented studied the main publications and excavation/laboratory reports against the backdrop of contemporaneous politics, propaganda and intellectual disputes. The four case-studies show how ideologies, political conditions, sub-discipline mindsets and intellectual identities are relevant to the invention and adoption of dating methods, to the selection of variables deemed to be time-dependent, and to the reliability assigned to different methodologies in different contexts.

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Newman, Rayya Renee. "USE-LESS Building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34976.

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A USE-LESS Building aims to use less square feet and resources by adapting over time and by accommodating various uses like apartments, stores, offices, cafes, etc. Adhering to the USE-LESS concept, this project was developed 4 dimensionally on a site in Mount Pleasant, Washington DC. The relationship between a building and time was explored through three elements, an existing wall that is preserved, a wet wall that houses services, and a moving wall that changes according to the userâ s will. This site specific approach to design, rather than program specific, enables the structure to adapt to the social and economic needs of the neighborhood at different rates.
Master of Architecture

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30

Joshi, Surabhi. "Guidelines to integrate life cycle assessment in building design." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31791.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Augenbroe, Godfried; Committee Member: Bayer, Charlene; Committee Member: Gentry, Russell. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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31

De, Camillis Simone. "Ultrafast dynamics in gas-phase building blocks of life." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725828.

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Ultrafast electron dynamics are responsible for the physical and chemical properties of molecular systems. They can induce variations in the local reactivity as well as in the nuclear arrangement, both of which ultimately determine the making and breaking of molecular bonds. This thesis presents pump-probe measurements of femtosecond and attosecond electron dynamics in biomolecular building blocks of DNA and proteins, namely nucleosides and aromatic amino acids, characterised by a large degree of stability due to their efficiency in converting electronic energy into vibrational energy within picosecond and sub-picosecond timescales. Low intensities of UV laser radiation are sufficient to access the electron wave-packet evolution from the first excited state of the analyte along the corresponding potential energy surfaces. In a bottom-up approach to investigate the photo-physical properties of DNA and peptide systems, de-excitation dynamics of larger building blocks, have been studied. The bonding of the sugar ring to the nuclebases, as well as of the glycine moiety to the aromatic chromophores, was observed to speed up the relaxation process. These results are discussed in terms of alternative non-radiative deactivation channels opened up by the added units. Much faster dynamics can be initiated by attosecond XUV irradiation, where the superposition of many electronic states produces pure electron motion preceding any nuclear rearrangement. Cutting-edge laser technology has made possible the observation of ultrafast charge migration in tryptophan by looking at the doubly charged immonium ion channel. The signal modulation with period of 4 fs corresponds to the electron beating between the amino group and the side-chain indole. These results represent the first ever time-resolved measurements of coherent electron motion in complex biomolecules, which pave the way for steering electron dynamics and controlling molecular reactivity.

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Ueyama, JoÌ. "A run time component model for building system software." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442719.

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Jacobsohn, Stacey A. "Stories of money| Building social capital through time banking." Thesis, Gonzaga University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553081.

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This study explored communication and ethical investment in social capital to improve quality of life through the lens of time banking, a model of alternative currency. Previous studies of time banking noted a distinct set of characteristics of time banks that contrast with capitalist-based systems while using similar language; these were compared to research of social capital and social networks. Seven participants were interviewed at-length as representatives of the time bank movement. Stories of money framed theoretical constructs in practice on a daily basis and future visioning of the movement. Further analysis using the dialogic ethic of Martin Buber and the theory of the coordinated management of meaning (CMM) of Pearce and Pearce described transformational patterns of communication in time banks. The analysis shed light on the intentions of time banks and the meaning of the terms reciprocity, community and co-construction of reality. Further explorations of transcendent stories of time banking were recommended.

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Nkandu, Jeff. "Building and Evaluating an Adaptive Real-time Recommender System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235017.

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Most recommender algorithms in use today are slow to adapt to changes in user preferences. This is because they are focused towards model-building and offline calculation of recommendations. The fact that they require large amounts of information about users before they can make sensible recommendations does not help their case either. This work proposed an adaptive prediction scheme that makes real-time recommendations to users. The scheme was developed by Kristiaan Pelckmans[1]. It is real-time in that it calculates new recommendations every time a user submits some side information. It is adaptive in that it maintains an online memory of user activities which evolves as user preferences change. In this work, the current start-of-the-art in the implementation of recommender systems is investigated. The adaptive prediction scheme is explained in detail. Its applicability in driving a recommender system is evaluated in comparison with other “established” recommender algorithms. Using a movie recommender system implemented using the scheme, it is shown that the scheme relies on much less data in order to make recommendations and the quality of its recommendations is slightly better than the common recommender algorithms which are based on collaborative filtering. Lastly, the scheme’s limitations are highlighted and recommendations for future work are made.

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Nkado, Raymond Nnaemeka. "A construction time information system for the building industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303176.

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Zhang, Dalu. "Project Time and Cost Control Using Building Information Modeling." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26538.

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Although the construction industry has been evolving for centuries and researchers have been seeking innovative solutions for decades, diverse challenges still exist in making the construction process faster, safer, cheaper and more accurate. It is believed that Building Information Modeling (BIM) can lead to greater efficiency through the incremental collaboration. The data in BIM system is extremely useful and can be generated to optimize the project delivery processes. However, since BIM increases the project design cost and requires a big learning curve, project participants are concerned about the cost of project, which has hindered the adoption of BIM for the project delivery. This paper, using a case study, describes how BIM functions to help cut down costs, optimize schedule, and benefit the project participants. The analysis of project cost and time control focuses on life cycle. The recommendations for the future use of BIM are made generally.

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Degala, Vamshi Krishna Yadav. "MINIMIZING THE EMERGENCY EVACUATION TIME OF A BUILDING COMPONENT." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron149357659119714.

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Olsson, Kristian. "Building a fire propagation system in real-time graphics." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64249.

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This report covers the creation of a dynamic fire propagation method for a real-time environment. The purpose is to see if it is possible to create a system that can control fire propagation behaviour and visual design based on some sort of simple parametrization, the purpose stems from the lack of a system to control and design a fire propagation scenario. To attain the results, a fire propagation method is devised based on the purpose of having a parameter based system, this method is created through the use of scripting in a real-time game engine to control visuals and behaviour of built in particle systems. Results show fire propagation through an example scenario where the fire behaves differently based on the material that is burning, based on parameters set by an artist. These results conclude that is it possible to create a parameter based fire propagation system and that it can be used to change the visual design and behaviour and be expanded to provide better artist input and control. The report suggests further research in the area of simplified controlled fire simulation in real-time engines, and usability.
Den här rapporten täcker skapandet av en metod för dynamisk eldspridning i en realtidsmiljö. Syftet är att se om det är möjligt att skapa ett system som kan kontrollera spridningsbeteendet och den visuella designen av elden baserat på någon sorts simplifierad parametrisering, Syftet härstammar ifrån att det saknas system där man kan kontrollera och designa ett eldspridningsscenario. För att nå resultat så skapas en metod som är baserad på syftet att använda ett parameterbaserat system, denna metoden skapas med hjälp av programmering i en realtidsmotor genom att kontrollera det visuella samt beteendet hos inbyggda partikelsystem. Resultatet visar eldspridning genom ett exempelscenario där elden beter sig olika baserat på vilket material som brinner, baserat på parametrar som är satta av en artist. Slutsatsen av resultatet visar att det är möjligt att skapa ett parameterbaserat eldspridningssystem och att det kan användas för att kontrollera den visuella designen och beteende samt att det kan expanderas för att förse artister med bättre kontroll över systemet. Rapporten föreslår fortsatta studier inom området simplifierade kontrollerade eldsimulationer inom realtidsmotorer, och användarvänlighet.

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NOLL, MICHAEL PAUL. "VERTICAL LIFE: RECONFIGURED." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053691715.

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Kota, Naga Purna Kiran Kumar. "Analysis of Magnet Wire Life-time Characteristics." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11022005-142744/.

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Magnet wires find many applications in modern world. Magnet wires used for the electrical insulation in fly-back transformers, solenoids, sensors, adjustable speed drives etc. are subjected to multistress aging factors such as electrical (high voltage, high frequency), thermal and other environmental stresses. Due to the action of these aging factors degradation and aging of the insulation will occur and thereby lead to reduced life-time or premature failure. In order to identify the most important factors affecting the life-time of the electrical insulation, the insulation must be evaluated under simulated service conditions. This study is done by performing accelerated aging tests at high electrical stresses, elevated temperatures, and often at combined electrical and thermal stresses, and at high frequencies. The electrical phenomena behind the breakdown of the insulation have been studied. In this study accelerated life tests are performed on AWG 40 magnet wire. Life-time characteristics, probability of failures, and life-time percentiles are determined.

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Go, Carlo. "Building Life Cycles: An Exploration of a Building's Transformation From One Life Into the Next." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46201.

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"Nothing endures but change" - Heraclitus. Buildings are designed and built to house a specific program for a set period of time. The end of a buildingâ s life marks a change in its use. In todayâ s building practices, some building owners opt to demolish an entire building prior to constructing a new one. Unfortunately, this world-wide attitude results in the production of millions of tons of waste every year and is not an ecologically sustainable practice. However, as green building methods become more valued in todayâ s society, building owners and designers are becoming more conscious of buildingsâ end lives. Construction methods are increasingly involving concepts of designing for disassembly, wherein parts and materials can be easily taken apart for reuse or recycling. Such practices are vital in minimizing the unnecessary production of construction waste. Everything on earth exhibits change. This thesis explores the development of a newly constructed building and its transformation at the end of its life into a new building. The project consists of two designs; the program of the first was predetermined while the program of the second was chosen by the committee at the concluding stage of the first design. This thesis seeks to develop a position on architectural design and construction methods that acknowledges the fact that buildings are not permanent objects and that they will, at some point in time, change.
Master of Architecture

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42

Monti, Matteo. "Embodied computation and life: building blocks for open-ended evolution." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Il presente lavoro si propone di sviluppare una analogia formale tra sistemi dinamici e teoria della computazione in relazione all’emergenza di proprietà biologiche da tali sistemi. Il primo capitolo sarà dedicato all’estensione della teoria delle macchine di Turing ad un più ampio contesto di funzioni computabili e debolmente computabili. Mostreremo quindi come un sistema dinamico continuo possa essere elaborato da una macchina computante, e come proprietà informative quali l’universalità possano essere naturalmente estese alla fisica attraverso questo ponte formale. Nel secondo capitolo applicheremo i risultati teorici derivati nel primo allo sviluppo di un sistema chimico che mostri tali proprietà di universalità, ponendo particolare attenzione alla plausibilità fisica di tale sistema.

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Hsu, Sophia Lisbeth. "Improving the quality and transparency of building life cycle assessment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68414.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-60).
Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a powerful method for measuring and reducing a building's environmental impacts. Its widespread adoption among designers would allow the environmental component of sustainability to gain more traction in design philosophy and client goals. Currently, the stakeholders in building design-both design professionals and clients-have few resources for proper LCA education and use, and there are no common metrics agreed upon for reporting the results of LCAs for buildings. This thesis assesses the strengths and weaknesses of resources available to design practitioners for performing LCA, including a pilot credit in the United States Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ratings system. A case study performs an LCA comparing two structural materials in an office building. The study aims to be as transparent and repeatable as possible, in order to set a good example on which to model future building LCAs. Based on the critical review of LCA resources and the lessons learned from the case study, eight key points are proposed for improving the quality and transparency of building life cycle assessment projects.
by Sophia Lisbeth Hsu.
S.M.

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44

Flager, Forest Lee 1978. "The design of building structures for improved life-cycle performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29552.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
Current structural design practice is primarily concerned with optimizing the construction cost and schedule of a building project, while ensuring that the structure meets basic safety and serviceability requirements. The maintenance costs, alteration/replacement costs, and end-of-life costs associated with the support of the structure after the initial construction process is given far less consideration. Initial research indicates that, for a typical building, the majority of the cost over the system life cycle is incurred after the original structure has been completed. The ultimate value and longevity of a building is, therefore, largely dependant on the ability of the structure to be economically maintained and easily modified during its service life. The objective of this paper is to outline a design process that considers how buildings interact with time. The process involves two fundamental steps: (1) the modularization of the structure to accommodate how different parts of the building change over time and (2) the design of modular components in consideration of their expected service life. Life cycle cost methods are applied to evaluate the performance of design alternatives-thus making it easier to explicitly consider the cost associated with how a structure will be supported and may be adapted over time, in addition to the customary tasks of calculating construction costs and schedules. Despite the apparent benefits to this approach, there are a number of obstacles preventing the adoption of life cycle design principles into professional practice. Specific obstacles to implementation are discussed with respect to the construction industries in both the United States and Japan. The paper concludes with the description of further case study research to be conducted in the Japan during the summer of 2003, the findings of which will be published as an addendum to this document.
by Forest Lee Flager.
M.Eng.

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45

Köseci, Firat Can. "Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Building Information Modelling (BIM)." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231749.

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are at the core of construction projects. LCA is one of the key elements of sustainability in the construction projects and an improved LCA process can be achieved through the adoption of BIM. Exploring the characteristics of a BIM-based LCA process from the different perspectives of interoperability and identifying the effects of adopting regionally different EPD databases are significant. The LCA add-in tools, One Click LCA and Tally, have been selected to identify the differences in the LCA results caused by adopting regionally different Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) databases. To observe the differences in the LCA results, the LCA processes were run through the LCA add-in tools. The input data, the system boundaries and the LCA scope were kept the same for the LCA processes. The LCA results were produced through the integrated LCA add-in tools. The GWP values in manufacturing module, produced by One Click LCA, were embedded into the Solibri model of Akademiska Sjukhuset project. Value level of interoperability in the BIM-based LCA processes was detected and analyzed according to the interaction types that were obtained between the LCA add-in tools and the BIM software. Obstacles in increasing the value level of interoperability to a higher level in today’s BIM-based LCA processes were also focused. Furthermore, the benefits and drawbacks of the BIM-based LCA processes were identified. At last, the differences between BIM-based LCA and traditional LCA process were identified along with future possibilities. It was observed that adopting regionally different EPD databases has significant effects on the LCA results. The semantic detail level of the BIM model and the data extraction quality came to the forefront in identifying the benefits and drawbacks. The interaction types in the studied BIM-based LCA processes were identified as “Collaboration” interaction type. Accordingly, the value level of interoperability in both BIM-based LCA processes was obtained as the high level of value innovation along with efficiency and differentiation. Moreover, the convenience of use, time and resource efficiency and improved accuracy obtained through the BIM-based LCA processes were concluded as some of the major differences from the traditional LCA processes.
BIM (Building Information Modelling) och LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) ligger i kärnan av byggprojekt. LCA är ett nyckelverktyg för hållbarhetsarbete i byggbranschen och en förbättrad LCA-process kan uppnås i och med att tillämpa BIM-verktyg. BIM bjuder på många nyttor däremot detta arbete fokuserar på nyttan som BIM kan ge till LCA-processen. Därmed är forskning på grunden till Bim-baserad LCA-process och datas integrations- och konverteringsförmågan ytterst viktiga för detta arbete. LCA-verktyg One Click LCA och Tally och dess tillägg till CAD-mjukvaror har utvalts för att jämföra resultat vars indata är baserat på olika EPD-databaser (Environmental Product Declaration). För att iaktta skillnader i LCA-resultat, har LCA-processen gjorts med dessa LCA-verkytg. Indata, systemgränser och LCA-definitionsområde var samma för båda LCA-processer. LCA-resultat producerat av båda LCA-verktyg har jämförts utifrån klimatavtrycksperspektiv (Global Warming Potential) för materialframtagandesskede. One Click LCAs GWP-värden har importerats i en Solibri-modell för projektet. Slutligen har LCA-resultat av en Bim-baserad process jämförts med resultat av en klassisk LCA process. Påverkan av geografiskt anpassade EPD-databaser är avgörande för LCA-resultat. Materialframtagandesskede har störst miljöpåverkan i förhållande till andra livsskede. Semantisk detaljnivå av Solibri-modellen är avgörande för identifiering av för- och nackdelar av datas integrations- och konverteringsförmågan. Datainteraktionstyper studerade i BIM-baserade LCA-processer klassas som kollaborativ interaktionstyp. Integrations- och konverteringsförmåga av både BIM-baserade LCA-processer utvärderades på en hög nivå gällande förbättrade resultat, effektivitet och resultatkännslighet. Utöver dessa har BIM-baserade LCA-processer en förbättrad användbarhet och är mer tid- och resurseffektiva, vilka är huvudskillnader från en LCA-process utfört på klassiskt sätt.

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Bitter, James, and Jill Duba. "“Building Life Together: Adlerian Principles for Couples and Couples Counseling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6092.

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47

Jiayu, Cui. "Integration of Life Cycle Assessment within Building Information Modeling Environment." Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296536.

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Over the past several decades, increasing awareness of sustainable building has led to the development and maturity of life cycle assessment (LCA) as a method used to assess the environmental impacts and resources through buildings’ life cycle. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent process based on 3D model that enables architecture, engineering and construction designers to collaborate. Because of its advantages and the collaborative alternative, the integrations of BIM and LCA have been studied and developed in many ways. However, none of the integrating approaches have been widely used due to interoperability issues and accuracy problems. Detailed information of LCA and BIM are introduced in this thesis, and then innovated integration of BIM and LCA are proposed. This is done with the direct access to the LCA data in XML format from EPD database by using Dynamo that is a plug-in Revit application, LCA can be conducted within the BIM environment. The results of life cycle impact calculation can be instantly presented in diagram, and users can visualize the results by color coding different materials in BIM model. Future research could focus on how to widely use the integrating method in real project and connect this approach into environmental certification system in order to demonstrate the environmental performance of buildings and projects in a standardized manner.

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Pich, Hollie Rebecca Dockrill. "Building Black Memphis: Everyday Life in a Jim Crow City." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22201.

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This thesis is about African Americans in Memphis working within the constraints of Jim Crow in order to improve materially their lives. Historians have emphasised how African Americans were shut out of public life during the early decades of Jim Crow. The imposition of racial segregation, and the rise of racialised violence, undoubtedly constrained the lives of black southerners. Yet this period was also defined by structural changes that created new opportunities. An economic shift created new, wage-based jobs. These jobs enabled some African Americans to escape exploitative employment as sharecroppers or tenant farmers, and facilitated the movement of black southerners from rural regions into urban centres. Simultaneously, Progressivism swept the south. Reformers changed not only the physical landscape of southern cities, by building parks and playgrounds—they also created new institutions, such as juvenile courts, and reformed existing structures, such as the criminal justice system. In this thesis, I examine how African Americans in Memphis negotiated these structural changes. Through a series of five case studies—each of which centres on a different facet of black life in Jim Crow Memphis—I argue that black Memphians created new opportunities in the midst of these changes in order to build better lives for themselves, their families, and their communities. Relatedly, I argue that most black southerners did not conceive of themselves as waging a battle for racial equality, but instead focused their energies on securing short-term, material gains, which would make a meaningful (and immediate) change to their personal circumstances. Studying these efforts helps us better understand the intertwined histories of Jim Crow and the Progressive-Era, and African Americans’ relationships with local legal, political, and economic institutions in the segregated south.

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Janjua, Shahana. "Sustainability Implication of Residential Building Materials Considering Service Life Variability." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84306.

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Each building is a complex product of components of variable materials and each building material is unique in its inherent properties including durability and thermal performance. This research has developed a life cycle sustainability assessment framework for buildings to address sustainability competently. Application of framework confirmed that service life of building, thermal performance of the building materials, use of by-products and recycled materials, and maintenance activities are crucial to sustainability performance of buildings.

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Chen-hong, Christina Yun-ju. "Cycle time modeling /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Time and Life Building'

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