Relevant bibliographies by topics / Time and distance judgments

Academic literature on the topic 'Time and distance judgments'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Achtemeier, Jacob, Curtis M. Craig, and Nichole L. Morris. "The Effects of Restricted Sight Distances on Drivers at Simulated Rural Intersections." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 2122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631497.

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Short sight distances at rural intersections can result in reduced safety including drivers choosing smaller gaps between oncoming vehicles (Yan & Richards, 2010). Conversely, increased sight distances may result in improved driver confidence, but not safety as seen at rail crossings (Ward & Wilde, 1996). Thus, simply increasing sight distances may not result in linear gains in safety. Establishing appropriate lower and upper-visibility limits at rural intersections will minimize operational costs for clearing and grubbing labor and may reduce serious injury and fatal crashes by promoting safer crossing behavior around rural thru-STOP intersections. This driving simulation study will examine intersection visibility and other intersection design factors that influence driver behavior at rural thru-STOPs. Time to collision, or TTC, is a primary motivating factor on driver decisions to cross intersections. Drivers’ TTC perception is a function of oncoming vehicle speed, distance, and rate of retinal expansion (tau; Hancock & Manser, 1997). We hypothesize TTC factors may interact with confidence in intersection crossing judgments. Specifically, when people must quickly make judgments, their confidence must be estimated after the decision has been made, but if the time pressure is not high and the decision is not immediate, people’s judgments and their confidence in those judgments can both be considered prior to action. This can be problematic because people are normally overconfident in their judgments (Harvey, 1997). The present study comprised a crossing judgment block, and a mainline drive block. The experimental stimuli were validated by engineers with experience in rural intersections, who rated the simulated intersections as “significantly representative” to real-world intersections through an average rating score of 5.25 ( SD = 0.5) on a 7-pt scale. This was done to ensure that the study findings would be more likely to be applicable to world intersections. The goal of the study is to identify whether sight distance and other variables, including speed for the judgment task and vehicle proximity to the intersection for the mainline drive task, impact safety at rural intersections.
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Smeets, Jeroen B. J., Eli Brenner, Sonia Trébuchet, and Daniel R. Mestre. "Is Judging Time-to-Contact Based on ‘Tau’?" Perception 25, no. 5 (May 1996): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250583.

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An investigation was undertaken into whether judgments of time-to-contact between a laterally moving object and a bar are based on the direct perception of an optical variable (tau), or on the ratio between the perceived distance and perceived velocity of the object. A moving background was used to induce changes in the perceived velocities without changing the optical variables that specify time-to-contact. Background motion induced large systematic errors in the estimated time-to-contact. It is concluded that the judgment of time-to-contact is primarily based on the ratio between the perceived distance and the perceived velocity, and not on tau.
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Kang, Yong-Soon, Paul M. Herr, and Christine M. Page. "Time and Distance: Asymmetries in Consumer Trip Knowledge and Judgments." Journal of Consumer Research 30, no. 3 (December 2003): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378618.

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Joe Lin, Chiuhsiang, Betsha Tizazu Abreham, Dino Caesaron, and Bereket Haile Woldegiorgis. "Exocentric Distance Judgment and Accuracy of Head-Mounted and Stereoscopic Widescreen Displays in Frontal Planes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041427.

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An experiment was done to explore the effects of two virtual display systems on the accuracy of exocentric distance judgment and position. Sixteen participants viewed animated virtual targets using either a head-mounted display (HMD) or a stereoscopic widescreen display (SWD). The virtual targets have been shown, one at a time, at three depth levels and with two corresponding exocentric distances and three target sizes at each target distance and, afterward, via pointing by holding a stick to estimate the exocentric distance and position of each target. The position data were collected using an OptiTrack motion capture system. The results showed that the accuracy of exocentric distance judgment was higher with the head-mounted displays than with the stereoscopic widescreen displays. In addition, higher position accuracy in the X-direction was obtained from the stereoscopic widescreen displays, whereas no significant difference was observed in position accuracy in the Y-direction. However, it is possible that the HMD could give better accuracy in both exocentric distance and position judgments in the frontal plane, if the HMD had been perfectly mounted and flawlessly fit the participant’s eyes. The result also revealed that exocentric distance judgment was significantly higher at the farthest target distances than at the nearest distance. Similarly, the position accuracy significantly increased as exocentric distance decreased. Moreover, engineers may allude to the findings as the evidence from the study suggests that the intermediate target distances might be fitting or ideal distances to design and structure 3D applications.
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Sebald, Colleen A., and Christopher D. Wickens. "Subjective Estimates of Velocity, Distance and Time: Implications in Helicopter Navigation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 1 (October 1993): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700135.

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This study assessed the sorts of biases induced in a pilot's estimates of velocity, elapsed time, and distance traveled in a flight simulation environment. The validity of an “internal equation” relating the concepts of subjective distance, velocity, and time was assessed. Pilots flew a series of flight legs which varied in their distance, time and velocity, during which they were asked to make judgments of time passage (group 1), speed (group 2), and distance traveled (group 3). These judgments were made under both single and dual task conditions. There was little consistent effect of task loading on any of the subjective estimates, but variations in interval duration, speed, and distance effected the subjective estimates of these quantities in different ways. There was no evidence found for support of an internal equation.
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LeBoeuf, Robyn A., and Eldar Shafir. "Anchoring on the "here" and "now" in time and distance judgments." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 35, no. 1 (2009): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013665.

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Pavlich, George. "Legal Judgment and Cape Colonial Law." Law, Culture and the Humanities 8, no. 2 (November 25, 2010): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872110378707.

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Judgment is a complex matter, with particular nuances in the context of juridical decision-making. The following commentary explores legal judgment at a particular juncture via a Cape colonial case in 1798 and through Foucault’s often overlooked essay, “Truth and Juridical Forms.” Noting the legacy of the test and the inquiry as knowledge formations that have significantly influenced judgment in European and colonial law, this discussion highlights how legal judgment might usefully be viewed as a shifting product of local and wider power-knowledge formations. Viewing a Cape record at some historical distance enables one to see colonial legal judgment as a process of its time and place. It also enables a more general, if admittedly exploratory, comment on judgment as an authorized, violent process that cuts and countersigns itself through complex transcriptions. As well, a performative contradiction attaches indecision to the heart of legal decisions, thereby disabling apodictic judgments and intimating a potential escape from totalitarian judgmental systems.
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Cowan, Kirsten, and Atefeh Yazdanparast. "Moral foundations and judgment: conceptualizing boundaries." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2018-2548.

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Purpose Even though the definitions of morality may seem to provide straightforward criteria to assess the morality of individuals, moral judgments are challenging and less exact. This paper aims to advance extant work on morality and moral judgment by providing a conceptualization of boundary conditions in the relationship between moral judgments and consumer behavior. Design/methodology/approach An interdisciplinary literature review is conducted to integrate extant knowledge on morality, moral judgment and consumer behavior to identify and conceptualize boundary conditions affecting moral judgments and decision-making. The research draws on moral foundation theory and norm activation model, and the proposed factors and relationships are grounded in construal level theory and regulatory focus theory. Findings The research identifies cultural, individual and situational factors that influence moral judgments and decision-making and argues that moral judgments exhibit a similar pattern across types, but cultural factors determine the salience of each moral foundation type. Moreover, construal factors relevant to the situation (i.e. proximity vs distance) affect the extent and manner of moral judgments, and individual mindsets and their associated information processing styles (e.g. money vs time orientation and promotion vs prevention orientation) make moral judgments more malleable, adding a degree of variability to judgments within similar cultures and situations. Originality/value The research makes a rather unique contribution to consumer morality literature by identifying and discussing three different groups of factors with the potential to impact individuals’ judgments of, and reactions to, moral foundation violation information.
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Pomales-García, Cristina, Yili Liu, and David Mendez. "Web-Based Distance Learning Technology: Does Appearance Matter?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 7 (September 2005): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900703.

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This research examines the impact of several aesthetic/appearance characteristics of web-based distance learning environments on information recall and perceived content difficulty. Six webbased instructional modules were used, which consisted of fragments of different lectures, each containing a different topic and ranging between three to six minutes in length. The results show that appearance/aesthetic judgments do matter and they offer additional insights into the effectiveness of instructional methods beyond traditional performance measures. In this study the appearance/aesthetic judgments changed as participants were exposed to a series of modules over time in a way that is different from the corresponding performance changes. The integration of aesthetic/appearance judgments in the evaluation of web-based distance learning technology gives us valuable insights to deepen our understanding of what characteristics of the technology make it more appealing and successful.
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Saberi, Kourosh, David R. Perrott, and Toktam Sadralodabai. "Judgments of lateral distance using transients presented with interaural differences of time." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03334770.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Nordhall, Ola. "Time on My Mind and My Moral Judgment : Effects of Time Perspective and Temporal Distance on Moral Judgment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14249.

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The present study examined the effect of Time Perspective (TP), i.e. cognitive arrangement of the human experiences into temporal dimensions, and Temporal Distance (TD), i.e. the perceived proximity of an event in time, on moral judgment. The study included 132 participants that completed the Swedish version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and made moral judgments of transgression of ethical rules depicted in the near vs. distant future. A main effect of TP was revealed meaning that transgression of ethical rules, as predicted, was judged more immoral by Past-Positive and Future orientation compared to Present-Hedonistic and Past-Negative orientation. No main effect of TD was revealed. The interaction of TP x TD was significant and in the predicted direction, but only Present-Hedonistic orientation was significantly affected by TD: distant compared to near future scenarios were judged less immoral by this TP. Importance, limitations and elaborations of the present study were discussed.
I föreliggande studie undersöktes hur Tidsperspektiv (TP), d.v.s. kognitivt inordnande av mänskliga erfarenher i tidsmässiga dimensioner, och Tidmässigt Avstånd (TA), d.v.s. upplevd närhet av händelser i tid, påverkar moralisk bedömning. Studien omfattade 132 deltagare, vilka fyllde i den svenska versionen av Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) och gjorde moraliska bedömningar av överträdelser av etiska regler framställda i en nära vs. avlägsen framtid. En huvudeffekt av TP framkom, vilken innebar att överträdelse av etiska regler bedömdes som mer omoraliskt utifrån Positiv-Dåtidsorientering och Framtidsorientering jämfört med Hedonistisk-Nutidsorientering och Negativ-Dåtidsorientering. Ingen huvudeffekt av TA framkom. Interaktionen mellan TP och TA var signifikant och i linje med prediktionerna även om endast Hedonistisk-Nutidsorientering påverkades signifikant av TA: tidsmässigt avlägsna vs. närliggande scenarion bedömdes som mindre omoraliska utifrån detta TP. Vikten av studien samt begränsningar och tänkbara uppföljningar av studien diskuteras också.
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Fergusson, Janel. "Time judgments in dual-task conditions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27745.

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Every day we complete a number of tasks which require us to accurately time events, from estimating how long it will take us to drive to work in the morning to steeping our afternoon tea for the correct duration. Although timing is very important in our everyday lives, we know relatively little about how we process time information. Many models have been proposed to account for human timing, with the most prominent are the attentional gate model (AGM) and the multiple resources model. The AGM and the multiple resources model make many similar predictions about human timing, and it is often difficult to discriminate between the two. Toward this goal, the present research focused on a situation in which the two models make opposing predictions, that is, conditions which require participants two carry out two tasks concurrently with both of them requiring time-related processing.. Three experiments are reported, in which subjects were asked to estimate various shorter or longer intervals while concurrently carrying out a task that either required processing of time-related information or non-time based information. Results of all three studies seem more supportive of the multiple resources model of timing, rather than the AGM.
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Raap, Eric R. "The Influence of Spatial Distance Priming on Test Anxiety and Judgments." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1238.

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This paper examined the effects of distance priming on test anxiety and judgment. Research suggests that individuals’ perceived distance can impact their affect and judgments, which sheds light on the principle of “distance equals safety” (Williams & Bargh, 2008). Taking an exam invokes both cognitive and emotional anxiety, such as worry, panic, and tension. It is hypothesized that the distance priming may reduce test anxiety—particularly, the emotionality aspect—as well as perceived test difficulty. The results showed that, counter to the hypotheses, there was no significant difference among the three priming groups in their emotional test anxiety or perceived test difficulty. There is a significant correlation between ACT score and cognitive test anxiety, supporting past literature that as one’s intellectual ability increases, their cognitive test anxiety decreases. Further research needs to be conducted to replicate the efficacy of the priming method by Williams and Bargh (2008) and to use more effective ways of provoking performance anxiety.
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Ryder, Philippa Anne. "The role of subjective experience in judgments of time." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5cb97740-1d42-4a96-bc14-8d2889a2f1cd.

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Previous research has shown that the subjective expenence of ease or difficulty evoked by memory retrieval operations can play an important role in shaping a range of people's judgments (e.g., Schwarz, 1998). Rather than basing their outputs on the products of the retrieval process, people use experiential cues to guide response generation. Extending work of this kind, the present research investigated the extent to which experiences associated with prior processing operations (e.g., memory encoding and memory retrieval) may affect people's judgments of elapsed time. In Experiments 1-5, participants committed material to memory under encoding conditions that varied in difficulty. Estimates were then taken of the duration and subjective difficulty of the encoding task. As predicted, the subjective ease or difficulty of prior processing operations was shown to guide people's retrospective duration judgments. Specifically, judgments of elapsed time were shorter under difficult processing conditions. In Experiments 6-8, this prediction was further supported when differential demands were placed on the memory retrieval process. That is, when retrieving information was experienced as difficult rather than easy, people judged that less time had elapsed. In Experiment 9, the same experiential effects emerged when immersive virtual environment technology was used to create a more dynamic task environment. These results are considered in the context of contemporary work on retrospective temporal estimation, with particular emphasis on the role of experiential factors in social cognition .
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Thompson, Nathan. "Inversion formulas for time-distance helioseismology." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6423.

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Hughes, Stephen John. "Applications and diagnostics of time-distance helioseismology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414378.

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Panigrahi, Swapnesh. "Real-time imaging through fog over long distance." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S041/document.

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L'imagerie à travers les milieux turbides comme le brouillard, les tissus, les colloïdes, etc. répond à plusieurs besoins de la vie courante. L'imagerie à travers de tels milieux diffusants est un défi auquel peuvent répondre les nouveaux systèmes d'imagerie, la théorie de l'information et l'étude des lois de transport de la lumière dans les milieux aléatoires. La thèse est divisée en deux parties adressant deux modalités d'imagerie différentes, à savoir : l'imagerie de contraste polarimétrique et l'imagerie modulée en intensité. Dans les deux cas, des systèmes d'imagerie en temps réel sont proposés et mis au point. Leurs performances sont évaluées à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement. Dans la première partie de la thèse, une caméra polarimétrique à deux canaux instantanés conçue autour d'un prisme de Wollaston est utilisée pour imager de manière optimale une source de lumière polarisée noyée dans un brouillard. Une expérience en situation réelle a été mise en place à proximité du campus de Beaulieu à Rennes. La source est placée sur une tour de télécommunication située à plus d'un kilomètre du système imageant. Les données acquises dans diverses conditions météorologiques montrent que l'efficacité de cette caméra polarimétrique dépend de la corrélation du bruit de fond dans les deux images initiales. Ceci a été confirmé grâce à une analyse fondée sur la théorie de l'information qui montre que le contraste polarimétriques maximal est obtenu par une combinaison linéaire des deux canaux polarimétriques dont la pondération dépendant de la corrélation du bruit de fond dans les deux canaux. Un système de détection, intégrant cette représentation polarimétrique optimale, a été développé pour explorer de bout en bout les capacités offertes par l'imagerie polarimétrique à deux canaux à travers le brouillard. Ces études trouvent des applications directes dans le transport par temps dégradé, y compris pour l'aide à l'atterrissage d'aéronefs. Dans la même logique, la deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur l'apport de la modulation d'intensité plein champ pour imager les photons balistiques dans les milieux diffusants. En utilisant de concert la théorie de la diffusion et la théorie de l'information, nous avons pu montrer que, pour un budget de photons donné, il existait une fréquence de modulation minimale pour laquelle le filtrage de photons balistique devient efficace. Cette fréquence dépend des propriétés de diffusion du milieu intermédiaire et se trouve être dans la gamme du MHz en situation réelle. L'imagerie en temps réel à de telles fréquences étant un vrai défi, nous avons proposé un système de démodulation plein champ inédit basé sur l'utilisation d'un cristal électro-optique. Ce système d'imagerie, dont nous avons breveté le principe, est en mesure de démoduler avec une caméra standard une scène en temps réel et en plein champ à des fréquences de plusieurs MHz (voire GHz) sans synchronisation de phase. Un prototype de ce système a été développé permettant de confirmer qu'il était robuste, portable et rentable. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse ouvre la voie à la mise en œuvre de systèmes d'imagerie de pointe fonctionnant dans des situations réelles, allant de l'imagerie biomédicale, à la sécurité
Imaging through turbid media like fog, tissues, colloids etc. has various applications in real-life situations. The problem of imaging through such scattering media presents a challenge that can be addressed by using novel imaging schemes, information theory and laws of light transport through random scattering media. The thesis is divided into two parts corresponding to two different imaging modalities, namely, polarimetric contrast imaging and intensity modulated light imaging. In both the cases, advanced imaging systems, capable of imaging in real-time are used and their performances are evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. In the first part of the thesis, a two-channel, snapshot polarimetric camera, based on a Wollaston prism is used to attain optimal imaging of polarized light source through fog. An original outdoor experiment is setup in the vicinity of the campus Beaulieu in Rennes, France, where a source is placed on a telecommunication tower more than a kilometer away from the imaging system. Data acquired in various weather conditions show that the efficiency of the two-channel polarimetric camera depends on the background noise correlation in the two images. Further, this was confirmed using an information theoretical analysis, which showed that a polarimetric contrast maximizing image representation is a linear combination of the two polarimetric images whose weights depend on the background noise correlation. Based on the derived optimal polarimetric representation, a detection scheme was presented, leading to an end-to-end study of two-channel polarimetric imaging through fog that may be useful in transport applications like aircraft landing/taxiing in degraded weather. The second part of the thesis deals with intensity modulated light and its potential for ballistic photon imaging through scattering media. First, using the diffusion theory of photon transport and information theory, it was shown that for a given photon budget, ballistic imaging can be achieved for a minimum modulation frequency that depends on the scattering properties of the intervening medium. In real-life situation, the minimum frequency can be in the range of MHz. Real-time imaging at these frequencies is a challenge. Hence, a novel demodulation camera system based on electro-optics was proposed and patented. The imaging system is capable of real-time, full-field demodulation at frequencies of several MHz (potentially, in GHz as well), without requiring a phase synchronized source. A prototype of the imaging system was developed and shown that a demodulation camera based on the proposed design is robust, portable and cost-effective. Finally, the work presented in this thesis pave way for implementation of advanced imaging systems in real-life situations, varying from biomedical imaging to transport safety
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Mattar, Andrew. "Generalization of dynamics learning across direction, distance and time." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86872.

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Humans demonstrate the ability to move with little error in a wide range of situations. To do so requires a high degree of plasticity in the neural control of movement. The study of dynamics learning, the process by which the nervous system learns neural signals that are needed to produce the forces underlying movement, is a well-known method for examining plasticity in motor control. This dissertation reports on a series of experiments on dynamics learning and its generalization. Our studies touch on two important features of the dynamics learning process. The first is that dynamics learning involves instances of local adaptation. The second is that generalization can occur based on interpolation between these instances of learning.
Following a General Introduction in Chapter 1, in Chapter 2 we examine whether having learned to move in multiple directions affects the extent of generalization. In Chapter 3, we examine generalization of dynamics learning across changes in movement amplitude. In Chapter 4, we note that generalization of learning does not depend only on the separation between training and test directions, as was shown in Chapter 2. In addition, generalization depends on the extent of learning during training. We examine the effect of impedance - a mechanical property of the arm under neural control - on dynamics learning and generalization. In Chapter 5, we examine generalization of dynamics learning over time. Overall, our findings suggest that dynamics learning is a process involving local adaptation of the neural control signals for movement, and that interpolation between these instances of local learning is possible. These findings suggest that the apparent ease with which humans move in new situations may depend on interpolation between instances of previous learning that were acquired in a range of nearby situations. We elaborate on this idea in a General Discussion in Chapter 6.
La capacité de l'être humain à adapter ses mouvements à une grande variété de situations témoigne de la grande plasticité du contrôle neuronal du mouvement. Cette plasticité peut s'étudier via l'apprentissage dynamique qui correspond au processus par lequel le système nerveux met en place les signaux neuronaux nécessaires à la production des forces qui génèrent le mouvement. La présente thèse reporte une série d'expériences étudiant l'apprentissage dynamique et sa généralisation. Dans ces expériences, l'apprentissage dynamique est obtenu en amenant le sujet à compenser une perturbation mécanique systématiquement appliquée sur le bras par un robot au cours de l'exécution d'un mouvement d'atteinte de cible. Plus particulièrement, nos études sont centrées sur deux propriétés importantes de l'apprentissage dynamique: (1) le fait que l'apprentissage dynamique impliquerait des instances d'adaptation locales et (2) le fait que la généralisation de cet apprentissage se fonderait sur une interpolation entre ces instances d'adaptation locales.
Après une introduction générale dans le Chapitre 1, le Chapitre 2 examine si l'étendue de la généralisation de l'apprentissage dynamique dépend de l'étendue des situations rencontrées lors de la phase d'apprentissage. Le Chapitre 3 est consacré à l'étude de la généralisation de l'apprentissage dynamique à des mouvements de différentes amplitudes. Au Chapitre 4, nous montrons ensuite que la généralisation de l'apprentissage ne relève pas seulement de ces aspects méthodologiques. Comme le rapporte le Chapitre 2, la généralisation dépend aussi de l'étendue de l'apprentissage, elle-même liée aux propriétés biomécaniques des effecteurs. Le Chapitre 5 est consacré à l'évolution de la généralisation de l'apprentissage dynamique au cours du temps. L'ensemble de nos travaux suggère que l'apprentissage dynamique est un processus impliquant une adaptation locale des signaux du contrôle neuronal du mouvement et que l'interpolation de ces instances d'apprentissage local est possible. Ainsi, comme nous le discutons au Chapitre 6, l'apparente facilité de l'être humain à adapter ses mouvements à des situations nouvelles pourrait en réalité être le fruit de l'interpolation entre les instances d'apprentissages antérieurs acquis dans une gamme de situations similaires.
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Holmlund, Erik. "Perceptual fluency and duration judgments : An experimental study regarding the effect of fluency on perception of time." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121835.

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This study investigated whether perceptual fluency could affect duration judgments. Fluency refers to levels of subjective ease, in which stimuli can be processed (Lanska, Olds, & Westerman, 2014). The study was conducted with experimental within group factorial design. Visual stimuli were selected from Snodgrass and Vanderwarts (1980) standardized set of 260 pictures. Pairs were made with low and high levels of complexity. Duration was about 1000 milliseconds with .10 variations. 1/3 of pairs were without variation. Participants were asked to judge which image was presented for longest time. Total amount of participants was 37. Main hypothesis was that low levels of complexity would be judged, to a greater frequency, as having been presented for longer duration. Observed mean (M= 20.27, SD = 2.90) was slightly lower than level of chance (M = 21) and the difference was non significant, t(36) = -1.53, p > .13. The null hypothesis was not rejected.
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Nordhall, Ola. "Saving five by killing one : Effects of in- vs. out-group membership on moral judgments of acts and omissions." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5065.

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This study examined if social distance, i.e. in- vs. out-group membership, had an effect on moral judgments of acts vs. omissions. 164 participants judged the morality of acts vs. omissions of lethal harm, that affected an in- vs. out-group member of the participant, in order to save five other people. The results showed that acts of lethal, but utilitarian, harm were judged more immoral than omissions of equivalent harm. It was also shown that if the victim was an in- group member of the participant the behavior was judged more immoral than if the victim was an out-group member of the participant. However, the acts and omissions of harm were not judged differently when the victim was an in.- vs. out-group member of the participant, indicating that this kind of social distance might not influence the moral judgment of acts and omissions.

 

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Books on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Hollands, Roy 1924. Time, distance, speed. London: Collins, 1985.

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Smoothey, Marion. Time, distance, and speed. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1993.

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Evans, Carolyn L. Distance, time, and specialization. Washington, D.C: Federal Reserve Board, 2003.

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ill, Evans Ted, ed. Time, distance, and speed. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1993.

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Time by distance: Poems. Fallon, Nev: Duck Down, 1985.

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Chapman, R. S. Distance, rate, time: Poems. Madison, WI (P.O. Box 482, Madison 53701-0482): Fireweed Press, 1989.

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Evans, Carolyn L. Distance, time, and specialization. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Rowan-Robinson, Michael. The cosmological distance ladder: Distance and time in the universe. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman, 1985.

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The cosmological distance ladder: Distance and time in the universe. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman, 1985.

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Robert, Johansen, ed. Globalwork: Bridging distance, culture, and time. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Dragon, Norbert. "Time and Distance." In SpringerBriefs in Physics, 21–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28329-1_2.

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Penketh, F. E. "Speed, Distance and Time." In Work Out Numeracy, 80–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08605-4_8.

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Penketh, Ted. "Speed, Distance and Time." In Work Out Numeracy, 87–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14099-2_9.

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Lüders, Klaus, and Robert O. Pohl. "Introduction; Distance and Time Measurements." In Pohl's Introduction to Physics, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40046-4_1.

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Bruma, Paul. "Relativity of Time and Distance." In Introduction to Relativity Volume I, 1–24. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003201335-1.

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Székely, Gábor J., and Maria L. Rizzo. "Time Series and Distance Correlation." In The Energy of Data and Distance Correlation, 365–74. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429157158-21.

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Phillips, Ruth B. "Closing the Distance: Time, Historicity, and Contemporary Indigenous Art." In Rethinking Historical Distance, 224–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137312945_13.

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Macar, F., and J. L. Jackson. "Introduction Towards an Understanding of Subjective Judgments of Time." In Time, Action and Cognition, 91–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3536-0_11.

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Hicks, R. E. "Prospective and Retrospective Judgments of Time: A Neurobehavioral Analysis." In Time, Action and Cognition, 97–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3536-0_12.

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Brown, S. W., D. A. Stubbs, and A. N. West. "Attention, Multiple Timing, and Psychophysical Scaling of Temporal Judgments." In Time, Action and Cognition, 129–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3536-0_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Zhou, Jiao, Xingyu Peng, and Dongchi Yao. "Quantitative Risk Assessment Techniques Based on Uncertainty Theory for Natural Gas Distribution Station." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78260.

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Pipeline stations, as an important part of long-distance pipeline systems, include lots of facilities which are highly concentrated and always operate continuously. Risk assessment is an important foundation work for the risk management of these stations. Since various uncertainties exist during the quantitative risk assessment (QRA), this paper explores the theories and approaches of QRA for station accidents, and also introduces some specific mathematical theories for quantification and dealing with uncertainties. This paper combines uncertainty theory effectively with the QRA for gas distribution stations, analyzes the uncertain factors in the QRA of gas distribution station, and establishes Bayesian update model for estimating basic events’ failure rates and probabilities of failure on demand based on generic failure data and plant-specific data. And it also offers conversion method among conjugate prior distribution of different types. Besides, probabilistic estimation model is set up by the combination of fuzzy set theory, expert judgments and fuzzy group decision making. The paper builds Fuzzy Bow-Tie quantitative model for distribution station under dependency relationships, and proposes the sensitivity analysis method for the accident model based on fuzzy importance index, fuzzy uncertainty index and minimal cut sets importance index.
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Alves, Marcos Antonio, Ivan Reinaldo Meneghini, and Frederico Gadelha Guimarães. "Learning Pairwise Comparisons with Machine Learning for Large-Scale Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2021-13.

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Decision making is a complex task and requires a lot of cognitive effort from the decision maker. Multi-criteria methods, especially those based on pairwise comparisons, such as the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP), are not viable for large-scale decision-making problems. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to learn the preferences of the decision-maker using machine learning techniques in order to reduce the number of queries that are necessary in decision problems. We used a recently published parameterized generator of scalable and customizable benchmark problems for many-objective problems as a large-scale data generator. The proposed methodology is an iterative method in which a small subset of solutions are presented to the decision-maker to obtain pairwise judgments. This information is fed to an algorithm that learns the preferences for the remaining pairs in the decision matrix. The Gradient Boosting Regressor was applied in a problem with 5 criteria and 210 solutions. Subsets of 5, 7 and 10 solutions were used in each iteration. The metrics MSE, RMSE, MAPE and R2 were calculated. After the 8th iteration the ranking similarity stabilized, as measured by the tau distance. As the main advantage of the proposed approach is that it was necessary only 8 iterations presenting 5 solutions per time to learn the preferences and get an accurate final ranking.
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Kuhl, Scott A., William B. Thompson, and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr. "HMD calibration and its effects on distance judgments." In the 5th symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1394281.1394284.

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Ziemer, Christine, Jodie Plumert, James Cremer, and Joseph Kearney. "Making distance judgments in real and virtual environments." In the 3rd symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140491.1140530.

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Ziemer, Christine, Jodie Plumert, James Cremer, and Joseph Kearney. "Making distance judgments in real and virtual environments." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1179622.1179837.

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Stefanucci, Jeanine K., Sarah Creem-Regehr, and Bobby Bodenheimer. "Comparing Distance Judgments in Real and Augmented Reality." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct54149.2021.00026.

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Vaziri, Koorosh, Maria Bondy, Amanda Bui, and Victoria Interrante. "Egocentric Distance Judgments in Full-Cue Video-See-Through VR Conditions are No Better than Distance Judgments to Targets in a Void." In 2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr50410.2021.00056.

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Li, Bochao, Ruimin Zhang, and Scott Kuhl. "Minication affects action-based distance judgments in oculus rift HMDs." In the ACM Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2628257.2628273.

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Ding, Fan, Soheil Sepahyar, and Scott Kuhl. "Effects of Brightness on Distance Judgments in Head Mounted Displays." In SAP '20: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3385955.3407929.

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Rosales, Carlos Salas, Grant Pointon, Haley Adams, Jeanine Stefanucci, Sarah Creem-Regehr, William B. Thompson, and Bobby Bodenheimer. "Distance Judgments to On- and Off-Ground Objects in Augmented Reality." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798095.

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Reports on the topic "Time and distance judgments"

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Evans, Carolyn, and James Harrigan. Distance, Time, and Specialization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9729.

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Crucini, Mario, and Gregor Smith. Distance and Time Effects in Swedish Commodity Prices, 1732–1914. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22175.

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Ludtke, William P. Observations on the Inflation Time and Inflation Distance of Parachutes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221167.

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Lerche, R. Optimum detector distance for neutron TOF (time-of-flight) temperature measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6996615.

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Falfushynska, Halina I., Bogdan B. Buyak, Hryhorii V. Tereshchuk, Grygoriy M. Torbin, and Mykhailo M. Kasianchuk. Strengthening of e-learning at the leading Ukrainian pedagogical universities in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4442.

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Distance education has become the mandatory component of higher education establishments all over the world including Ukraine regarding COVID-19 lockdown and intentions of Universities to render valuable knowledge and provide safe educational experience for students. The present study aimed to explore the student’s and academic staff’s attitude towards e-learning and the most complicated challenges regarding online learning and distance education. Our findings disclosed that the online learning using Zoom, Moodle, Google Meet, BigBlueButton and Cisco has become quite popular among the students and academic staff in Ukraine in time of the lockdown period and beyond. Based on the Principal Component Analysis data processing we can conclude that students’ satisfaction and positive e-learning perception are in a good correlation with quality of e-learning resources and set of apps which are used while e-learning and distance education. Also, education style, methods, and manner predict willingness of students to self-study. The self-motivation, time-management, lack of practice, digital alienation, positive attitude towards ICT, and instruction strategy belong to the most important challenges of COVID-19 lockdown based on the students and academic staff interviews. Online learning on daily purpose should be used in the favor of strengthening of classical higher education rather than replacing the former. Blended education is the best alternative to face-to-face education, because the communication with mentor in a live environmental even virtual should have ushered the learners to complete online learning and improve its results.
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Webster, Jeremy, Joshua Carmichael, Emily Casleton, Emily Schultz-Fellenz, Brandon Crawford, Dane Coats, Adam Collins, et al. Multi-INT Signature Collection and Exploitation for Security: Improving Discrimination, Analyses, and Passive Tracking Capabilities for Time- and Distance-Varying Signatures in the Seismoacoustic Regime. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1823731.

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MONAKO, T. P. THE PANDEMIC AND THE EDUCATION SYSTEM. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-2-2-79-84.

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The article deals with the issue of distance learning, which was sharply introduced into the education system during the pandemic. The application of distance learning to the entire education system has both positive and negative sides. At this point in time, as practice shows, there are much more negative sides.
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Lucas, Richard E. Comparing global reports of subjective well-being to experiential measures. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.rev01.

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Subjective well-being (SWB) is an overall evaluation of the quality of a person’slife from his or her own perspective. One common method of assessing thisconstruct requires respondents to think about their life as a whole and to providea “global” evaluation that summarizes across life domains or affective experiencesover extended periods of time. The validity of these global measures has beenchallenged, however; and experiential measures, which ask respondents to reporton their momentary evaluative experiences many times over a constrained timeperiod, have been suggested as a more valid alternative. This paper addresses theempirical evidence for one important challenge to global measures: the possibilitythat temporarily salient information overwhelmingly influences global judgments,reducing their reliability and validity. This paper critiques prior evidence for thischallenge and presents new concerns about the assumed validity of the proposedalternative: experiential measures.
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Stastny, Petr, Robert Roczniok, Daniel Cleather, Martin Musalek, Dominik Novak, and Michal Vagner. Straight speed and acceleration optimal distances and reference values. A systematic review, and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0010.

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Review question / Objective: To summarize the sprint reference acceleration and speed values for different sprint distances and suggest optimal unification of ice-hockey straight sprint testing. Eligibility criteria: The title and abstract screening was done by two researchers (PS and RR) who selected a set of articles for full text screening, where the inclusion criteria were: 1) male or female ice-hockey players; 2) any cross-sectional or intervention study; 3) tests of ice-hockey sprinting over any distance or any battery of conditioning tests that included straight-line sprints; and, 4) results reported straight-line sprint distance, speed, time, or acceleration. In the case of disagreement between the evaluating authors, the final decision was made by a third author (MV).The full text screening exclusion criteria were: 1) if the article was not in English; 2) the testing did not include straight-line sprinting; 3) the reported values did not include data distribution; 4) the study reported only maximum speed without skating time or average speed; 5) the end of the sprint was defined by the point the player stopped sprinting; 6) the measurement was made with a stopwatch; and, 7) the study had high bias estimation. The maximum speed test was not included due to the uncertain velocity conditions at beginning of testing distance. The bias estimation was performed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies (supplementary material 1).
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Yunchang Zhang, Sarah Hubbard, and Jon D. Fricker. Assessment of a Displaced Pedestrian Crossing for Multilane Arterials. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317318.

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This research explores the benefits of a pedestrian crosswalk that is physically displaced from the intersection, using simulation software to estimate the benefits in terms of delay and pedestrian travel time. In many cases, the displaced pedestrian crossing may provide benefits such as reduced vehicle delay, reduced crossing distance, increased opportunity for signal progression, and reduced conflicts with turning vehicles. The concurrent pedestrian service that is traditionally used presents potential conflicts between pedestrians and three vehicular movements: right turns, permissive left turns, and right turns on red. The findings of this research suggest that a displaced pedestrian crossing should be considered as an option by designers when serving pedestrians crossing multi-lane arterials. In addition to reduced delay, pedestrian safety may be improved due to the shorter crossing distance, the elimination of conflicts with turning vehicles, and the potential for high driver compliance rates associated with signals, such as pedestrian hybrid beacons.
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