Relevant bibliographies by topics / Timber use

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Timber use'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Timber use"

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Karacabeyli, E., H. Fraser, and W. Deacon. "Lateral and withdrawal load resistance of glulam rivet connections made with sawn timber." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-070.

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The efficiency of glulam rivets has made them one of the most suitable connectors in heavy timber construction utilizing glued-laminated timber (glulam) members. Starting with the 1994 version of the CSA Standard for Engineering Design in Wood, design procedures are also available for the use of glulam rivet connections with sawn timbers. In the course of formulating these design provisions, several series of lateral resistance and withdrawal tests were performed using glulam rivets with sawn timbers to study the effects of material (sawn timber versus glulam), species, loading type and direction, environmental conditions, density, waiting period between assembly and test, pre-drilling, and plate thickness. The newly added design provisions increase structural engineers' choice of fastening systems in timber construction.Key words: glulam rivets, fasteners, connections, timber.
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Robertson, David, Maisie Taylor, Ian Tyers, Gordon Cook, and W. Derek Hamilton. "A Second Timber Circle, Trackways, and Coppicing at Holme-next-the-Sea Beach, Norfolk: use of Salt- and Freshwater Marshes in the Bronze Age." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 82 (May 16, 2016): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2016.3.

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Since 1998 archaeological investigations on Holme-next-the-Sea beach have recorded the waterlogged remains of two Bronze Age timber circles, timber structures, coppiced trees, metal objects, and salt- and freshwater marshes. The second timber circle (Holme II) is only the third waterlogged structure of its type to be discovered in Britain and only the second to be dated by dendrochronology. The felling of timbers used in Holme II has been dated to the spring or summer of 2049 bc, exactly the time as the felling of the timbers used to build the first circle (Holme I). This shared date provides the only known example of two adjacent monuments constructed at precisely the same time in British prehistory. It also informs comparisons between Holme II and other British timber circles and therefore helps develop interpretations. This paper suggests Holme II was a mortuary monument directly related to the use of Holme I.
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Brazier, J. D. "Man's use of Sitka spruce." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 1-2 (1987): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006412.

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SynopsisMan's use of the timber of Sitka spruce grown in North America and in the United Kingdom is reviewed. The contrast in character and properties of the timber from the two sources is considered and an explanation for the differences given in terms of the growth. The importance of Sitka spruce to the British forest and timber industries is examined and consideration given to how Sitka spruce should be managed to ensure the production of timber which will meet the requirements of the British timber user.
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Machado, José S. "In Situ Evaluation of the Reference Properties of Structural Timber Members. Use of Available Tools and Information." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.137.

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Survey of existing timber structures often includes the need to allocate mechanical properties to structural timber members. This task has to take into account the huge variability of timbers properties (within and between species), characteristic that differentiates this material from other structural materials (e.g. concrete and steel). For many decades, and still now, the application of visual strength standards is the main or only procedure used for this task. Despite the large number of other non and semi-destructive technique developed their regular application to in situ assessment of timbers mechanical properties is still almost non-existent. The present paper discusses possible ways to use and combine information from visual grading standards and non and semi-destructive techniques to predict the reference properties of timber members in service. The discussion has in mind studies conducted over the last years and the information provided by different guidelines, standards or papers recently published.
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Dias, A., J. Skinner, K. Crews, and T. Tannert. "Timber-concrete-composites increasing the use of timber in construction." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 74, no. 3 (October 9, 2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0975-0.

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Leyder, Claude, Michael Klippel, Olin Bartlomé, Niko Heeren, Sarah Kissling, Yutaka Goto, and Andrea Frangi. "Investigations on the Sustainable Resource Use of Swiss Timber." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031237.

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In Switzerland, the advantages of timber buildings for the climate are broadly discussed. In the following paper, a comparative sustainability assessment of four building alternatives is presented. Especially the contribution of implementing Swiss timber versus the implementation of imported timber is highlighted. Additionally, the timber-hybrid building structures are compared to a pure reinforced concrete structure. The timber-hybrid structure, with Swiss timber, has clear ecological advantages with only half the greenhouse gas emissions and half the non-renewable energy consumption compared to the reinforced concrete alternative. Comparing the Swiss timber alternative to the imported timber alternative, there are clear ecological advantages, as well. In terms of economic and social sustainability assessment criteria, the reinforced concrete alternative has the lowest production costs and the lowest labor intensity (measured in terms of full-time equivalents). Additionally, the paper includes an analysis of biogenic CO2 emissions and CO2 storage within the timber building alternatives. Finally, an up-scaling to the national level is attempted, showcasing the ecological and economic advantages of promoting the use of locally produced timber.
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da Silva Grassmann, Guilherme, Carlos Rogério Andrade, Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior, Francides Gomes da Silva, and José Otávio Brito. "Timber wastes torrefaction for energy use." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, ahead (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2016005000011.

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MATSUOKA, SHOSHIRO. "To use suitable treated timber suitably." Wood Preservation 15, no. 3 (1989): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.15.102.

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Bell, T. J. "Extended use of timber frame structures." Construction and Building Materials 6, no. 3 (January 1992): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(92)90009-n.

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Ruffinatto, Flavio, Gaetano Castro, Corrado Cremonini, Alan Crivellaro, and Roberto Zanuttini. "A new atlas and macroscopic wood identification software package for Italian timber species." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00002102.

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Abstract Wood identification has never been more important to serve the purpose of global forest protection, by controlling international illegal timber trade and enabling the enforcement of timber trade regulations. Macroscopic wood identification is the fastest method for the first identification of an unknown timber and, with proper training, it can be performed by operators in the timber industry, restorers and curators of cultural heritage, wood traders, designers, students and customs officers. Here we describe a wood atlas and accompanying software, SIR-Legno, developed for the identification of 48 Italian timber species based on a recently proposed list of macroscopic features for wood identification. For each species the atlas provides a complete macroscopic description plus information on natural durability, end-use class, physico-mechanical properties, conservation status, maximum diameter of the bole and most frequent uses. For each genus covered by the atlas, information about species number, CITES-listed species, main commercial timbers, similarly-named timbers from other genera, geographical distribution and notes on species or species group recognition at macroscopic and microscopic level are provided. SIR-Legno is an educational product, a handy identification key and a tool to search woods by their natural durability, end-use class and physico-mechanical properties. Both the atlas and the software can be freely downloaded from the web. Thanks to the adoption of a codified list of characters and a transferable design, SIR-Legno can be easily replicated or expanded to other databases in order to include new species. SIR-Legno is freeware and works on any version of Windows.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timber use"

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Santana, Maria Elena, and n/a. "Eco-efficient timber use through bio-sensitive design." University of Canberra. Architecture and Building, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.164347.

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A significant number of building materials are based on wood. Wood competes with other materials and products for many building applications from structural framing to cladding. Wood appears to be preferable because of its aesthetic and structural properties, its versatility, economic cost and environmental benefits. However, timber wastage within the construction industry is incalculable. Waste occurs at all stages of the timber resource stream: procurement, conversion, installation, use, maintenance, dismantling and eventual disposal. Much of this loss can be avoided through eco-design strategies based on a better understanding of the total resource flows. This thesis addresses the ecological implications associated with the use and over-exploitation of timber in building construction. Applying bio-sensitive design principles and using a life cycle approach, the thesis examines ways of maximising timber resource yield through appropriate materials selection, design strategies and construction techniques to reduce their ecological footprint. Finally, an easy-to-use guide that incorporates economic and aesthetic-value criteria to the analysis is developed. The guide is aimed to offer a flexible decision-support tool that enables designers and other people involved in the construction industry to comprehend in a systematic way, the multiple dimensions interacting when selecting timber-building products. It is thus, intended to explore in practice the implications and trade-offs of state of the art timber products with the ultimate aim of integrating the ecological dimension to the decision-making process.
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Parry, Luke T. W. "Spatial changes in Amazonian non-timber resource use." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514266.

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Rural-urban migration and land abandonment can increase secondary forest coverage, which is predicted to alleviate harvesting pressure on vulnerable primary forest species. However, rural depopulation could threaten the conservation and development paradigm of sustainable resource use within inhabited reserves. This thesis examines 1) ruralurban migration in eight roadless regions of the central Brazilian Amazon, and 2) tests assumptions regarding the value of secondary forests for subsistence hunting in a partly deforested landscape of eastern Amazonia. Within central Amazonia, rural populations were clustered and growing within 300 km of towns whereas river headwaters have been largely abandoned. Living in remote upstream locations was costly, despite an abundance of natural resources. Upstream settlements were isolated from urban centres and were smaller, subject to costly trade exchange, and generally lacked schools and healthcare. The lack of education was the principal motive for ongoing out-migration from remote headwaters. Results show that interview data, spatial analysis and censuses of human populations can be used for temporal monitoring of vulnerable species across broad spatial scales. Within the eastern Amazon, research showed that secondary forests do not offer a panacea for over-hunting of primary forest wildlife. Hunters with access to both primary and successional habitats preferred to hunt in primary forest, probably because of good visibility, predictable prey distributions and high availability of other non-timber forest products. The availability of large areas of secondary forests failed to buffer hunting pressure in primary forest, as several primary forest species continued to be overhunted. Secondary forests alone are unlikely to support sustainable hunting across the Amazon as they may provide just 2% of the required protein intake of rural smallholders. This thesis concludes that failing to consider the diverse factors influencing spatial decision-making by rural people undermines the potential contribution of non-timber resource use to conserving tropical forests.
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Crockford, K. J. "An evaluation of British woodlands for fuelwood and timber production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382594.

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Ghosal, Somnath. "Non-timber forest products in West Bengal : knowledge, livelihoods and policy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11429/.

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The theme of this research is the conservation of open dry-deciduous forest areas of West Bengal, India, through the socio-economic progress of forest dwellers. The use of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) is manifold in the livelihood of this area. Systematic and sustainable harvesting of NTFPs could improve the standard of living of forest dwellers and play an important role in the conservation of forest ecosystems. The research was conducted in Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapur districts, in the south-western part of West Bengal, India. Firewood is the main source of fuel for the forest fringe dwellers of these three districts. Due to the high demand firewood harvesting is an important occupation for a large number of forest communities. The incessant collection of firewood is adversely affecting forest cover and the type and quality of plant species. In this circumstance, sustainable and systematic harvesting of NTFPs can play a potential role in creating job opportunities for forest dwellers. The enhancement of organised NTFP marketing channels could improve the economy and thus reduce the major dependence on firewood. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to examine NTFPs-based economic development of forest fringe dwellers and to protect the forest cover. The thesis starts with a brief introduction to NTFPs and its present importance in forest livelihoods in India (with reference to West Bengal) and in international context, highlighting work by geographers, forest researchers, economists and sociologists who are becoming more interested on NTFPs and forest livelihoods from their respective disciplinary perspectives. To have an idea about NTFPs based forest livelihood of West Bengal, it is necessary to study the geo-physical features of the State and the study area. This will reveal the reasons why this area has been selected for this research. A variety of complementary sources and methodologies were used for the collection and analysis of data and information. Detailed archival research at the British Library, London provides insight into the pre-colonial and colonial NTFP-based forest livelihoods of the Presidency of Bengal. An exploration of the socio-cultural characteristics of forest communities through interviews and surveys helped to reveal the use and importance of NTFPs. After collection of NTFPs, it is necessary to store those products for gradation and value-addition. The research reveals that the organised markets are quite away from forest villages. Therefore, the knowledge of systematic and sustainable collection and storage of NTFPs needs to be enhanced at the grassroots level. After the collection and processing of NTFPs, the most important thing is marketing. Through the organised marketing system, forest dwellers can earn more money selling the same amount of products. It was discovered that a large number of intermediaries are involved in the NTFPs business and these intermediaries often try to purchase NTFPs from actual collectors at a very low price and then sell them at a high price. The reasons for the presence of middlemen and how the formal marketing channels can be stronger than the present informal channels were all revealed to be important issues which bolster the formal marketing channels, in which actual collectors might earn reasonable price for their collected NTFPs. It is argued that the efficient and sustainable harvesting of NTFPs can promote opportunities for marginal forest dwellers of these three districts. The increasing production of value-added products from different NTFPs can improve the economic status of these forest dwellers and will reduce rampant demolition of forest resources. The socio-economic improvement can also shift forest dwellers to other professions, which will reduce the dependency on forestry and subsequently it will help to promote the dry-deciduous forest ecology. Therefore, the research begins with an investigation of historical perspective of human-forest interactions in the Presidency of Bengal and subsequently explores the contemporary forest-based livelihoods of the socio-economically deprived forest fringe dwellers in the dry-deciduous forest areas of West Bengal. The research draws on interdisciplinary areas including historical geography with reference of indigenous knowledge regarding forest products, development geography of the forest-based livelihoods and economic geography of the systematic and sustainable harvesting of NTFPs for the enhancement of formal marketing channels. The study demonstrates that there is a need for intensive research at the grassroots level that will address all the aspects of NTFPs and forest livelihoods, before devising any precise NTFP policy to improve the status of forest livelihoods through the sustainable harvesting of forest products.
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Cook, Frank Chase. "An empirical analysis of hunting leases by timber firms." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/cook/CookF0507.pdf.

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Conway, M. Christine. "Targeting Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowner Groups for Timber Market Entry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28991.

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This study models the timber market entry decisions of nonindustrial private landowners. It involves examining reservation prices both for harvesting timber from existing forest land and for afforestation of marginal agricultural and abandoned land. An important conclusion drawn from these models is that financial returns are not the only drivers of these decisions. Preferences for amenities derived from forests and farmland are also important. An empirical model follows which characterizes willingness to accept for various landowner groups in Virginia and Mississippi. We identify preferences and characteristics of landowners and features of forest sites that are important to the unobserved price specific to each landowner. Estimation results are also used to assess the size of payments needed to encourage harvesting or conversion from agricultural to forest uses with 50% probability. The determination of reservation prices for landowners in different regions aids in forecasting potential timber supplies from NIPF lands that are either actively managed for timber production or are not, as well as from marginal land not yet in forests, under different policy and pricing scenarios. Furthermore, it gives insight into evolving land use patterns.
Ph. D.
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Burgess, Joanne Catherine. "Economics of tropical forest land use." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250689.

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Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van. "Non-timber forest products of East Kalimantan potentials for sustainable forest use /." Wageningen, The Netherlands : Tropenbos Foundation, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36674371.html.

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Isik, Aydin. "Disassembly And Re-use Of Building Materials: A Case Study On Salvaged Timber Components." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1042431/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using salvaged timber from deconstructed buildings in Turkey. The intention was to show that the re-use of &lsquo
waste&rsquo
materials, while decreasing the cost of construction also preserves the environment from wasteful and extensive use of natural resources. It is hoped that the findings of such a study will encourage professionals to use second hand timber components in Turkey. In order to deal with the waste problem and to save our planet the re-use of construction materials from economic, environmental, social, and historic points of views should be pursued. This research incorporated information about the re-use of timber, including ongoing projects around the world, as reported by the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building Construction (CIB) Task Group on Deconstruction (TG39), a local survey of individuals, organizations, and businesses that are related to the recycling and reuse of building materials. Local deconstruction works, recovery and re-use of timber elements and components were investigated on the basis of information obtained from the demolition contractors in Bentderesi locality in Ankara, a salvaged materials market. iii Moreover the study aimed to observe how used timber components are recovered from a demolition project. By observing the demolition of a building the author was able to determine the problems in recovering timber with the least damage. The findings of the investigation indicated that the architects and the building industry can play an important role to increase recovery rates and conditions of used timber components in construction, considerably. Instead of using nails for timber joints bolted connections should be preferred since they allow demounting and re-use with minimum damage during the deconstruction process. At the same time defects in timber due to extensive and unnecessary nailing can also be avoided. The decision on type of deconstruction, time and cost estimation, worker ability and sensitivity during disassembly influence the success of deconstruction. Tools and machinery used both on the work site and in the UBMs selling area have direct effects on the condition of recovered materials.
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Tian, Xiaohui. "Three Essays on the Economics of Carbon Sequestration, Timber Production and Land Use." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407416316.

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Books on the topic "Timber use"

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1990.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1989.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1989.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1989.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1990.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. 2nd ed. London: BSI, 1998.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1989.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural use of timber. London: B.S.I., 1985.

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Wong, Tuck Meng. Architectural use of timber in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Malaysian Timber Council, 2009.

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Sendak, Paul E. Timber management and use-value assessment. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Timber use"

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Utilisation of Timber." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 181–210. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_16.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Worm in Timber." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 249–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_20.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Preservation of Timber." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 271–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_22.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Timber Grading and Grade Stresses." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 164–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_15.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Degradation of Timber in Service." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 233–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_18.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Identification of Timbers." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 56–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_6.

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Wear, David N. "Public Timber Supply under Multiple-Use Management." In Forests in a Market Economy, 203–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0219-5_12.

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Santos, Diana. "Timber! Issues in Treebank Building and Use." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 151–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45011-4_22.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Introduction." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 1–5. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_1.

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Desch, H. E., and J. M. Dinwoodie. "Other Physical Properties of Wood." In Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use, 96–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13427-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Timber use"

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Safin, Ruslan. "METHOD OF RATIONAL USE OF WASTE OF TIMBER INDUSTRIES." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b41/s18.091.

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Thomas, D., G. Ding, and K. Crews. "Sustainable timber use in residential construction: perception versus reality." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus140341.

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W.J. Conroy. "Use of WEPP Modeling in Watershed Analysis and Timber Harvest Planning1." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7501.

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Moreu, Fernando, and Tomonori Nagayama. "Use of Wireless Sensors for Timber Trestle Railroad Bridges Health Monitoring Assessment." In Structures Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41016(314)36.

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Kandemir-Yücel, A., A. Tavukçuoğlu, and E. N. Caner-Saltık. "Soundness assessment of structural timber elements in traditional timber dwellings: the combined use of quantitative IR thermograhy and ultrasonic testing." In 2014 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2014.085.

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Rodriguez-Abad, I., R. Martinez-Sala, and J. Mene-Aparicio. "Use of the direct wave amplitude to analyse timber grain at different frequencies." In 2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwagpr.2015.7292707.

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Stulpinas, Mantas, and Tomas Gečys. "Experimental investigation of secondary use of punched metal plate fasteners in timber structures." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.045.

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In this article, the possibility of secondary use of punched metal plate fasteners for timber structures is experimentally investigated. The secondary used metal plate fasteners are experimentally tested in both positions, parallel and perpendicular to the timber grain. For this purpose, the tension-to-tension test setup is used. Laboratory experiments of the secondary used metal plate fasteners are performed in parallel with the corresponding connection with the same size new metal plate fastener. All specimens for laboratory experiments are prefabricated at the factory. Laboratory experiments are done with an aim to investigate both, the reduction of the load bearing capacity and the stiffness, when metal plate fasteners are secondary used. In this article, the main design principles of joints with metal plate fasteners according to the Eurocode 5, are also discussed. The comparison between the strength and stiffness of the firstly and secondary used joints is provided. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical strength and stiffness calculation results according to the Eurocode 5 is provided too. The received results show high potential for the future research in secondary used punched metal fasteners, as the reduction of the strength and stiffness is around 20 percent, comparing with the first time used fasteners.
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Kromoser, Benjamin, and Matthias Braun. "Towards efficiency in constructive timber engineering - design and optimization of timber trusses." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1141.

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<p>Currently, laminated timber is widely used. The gluing allows for higher part length and involves an advantageous behavior regarding deformations due to shrinkage and lead to better, more regular mechanical properties. The drawback is a low material utilization factor. Starting from a tree trunk, only 25-30 % are part of the final product. Thus, the high-quality product has to be used as efficient as possible.</p><p>At moment mostly, plate girders made of laminated timber are used as a result of the efficient industrialized manufacturing process. If in comparison a truss system is used, a similar load bearing capacity and stiffness can be achieved with much less material effort. The aim of the authors is to industrialize the design and manufacturing process of timber truss systems to be able to compete with the common plate girder systems. The complete process starting from the design, static optimization, work preparation to production process will be cumulated in a continuous digital approach. The paper describes the research approach and experiments about the digital production (by use of a robot arm) and load bearing behavior of different wood- wood connections as first development step. In addition, the design of 1:1 load tests at different timber trusses as well as comparable plate girders is presented.</p>
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Prabowo, Herry, and Mochamad Hilmy. "The Use of Decay Model to Predict Service Life of Indonesian Historic Timber Buildings." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture (SENVAR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/senvar-18.2019.7.

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Posmetev, V. I., V. O. Nikonov, V. V. Posmetev, and I. V. Sizmin. "ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USE RECUPERATIVE TRAC-TION DEVICE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FOREST TRUCK WITH A TRAILER." In Innovative technologies in road transport. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/itrt2021_30-33.

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In order to improve the efficiency of timber trucks with trailers in the conditions of insufficiently equipped timber haul roads, a promising design of a recuperative towing hitch has been proposed. For a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of using the proposed recuperative towing device in the structure of a timber lorry train, several series of computer experiments were performed, during which the influence of the main design and operational factors on the performance indicators of this device was investigated.
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Reports on the topic "Timber use"

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Sendak, Paul E., and Neil K. Huyler. Timber management and use-value assessment. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-691.

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Blyth, James E., Donald H. McGuire, and W. Brad Smith. Indiana timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-102.

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Blyth, James E., Anthony K. Weatherspoon, and W. Brad Smith. Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-109.

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Hackett, Ronald L., and James W. Whipple. Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-164.

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Smith, W. Brad, and Shelby Jones. Missouri timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-120.

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Blyth, James E., James W. Whipple, and W. Brad Smith. Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-112.

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Johnson, Tony G., Anne Jenkins, and Tom S. Haxby. Florida's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-013.

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Johnson, Tony G., Anne Jenkins, and John L. Wells. Georgia's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-014.

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Johnson, Tony G., Anne Jenkins, John A. Scrivani, and J. Michael Foreman. Virginia's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-019.

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Johnson, Tony G., Anne Jenkins, and Larry Lowe. Kentucky's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-020.

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