Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Timber, Pulp and Paper'
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Saarela, J. (Juha). "Photon migration in pulp and paper." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514275845.
Full textMarson, Andrew D. "Air flotation drying of paper pulp." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613430.
Full textRosendal, Linnea. "Biogent kol i träbaserade produkter från svensk skogsindustri och kolets inbindningstid : En analys av potentialen att öka inbindningstiden i det årliga tillskottet av produkter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415431.
Full textThe levels of greenhouse gases have increased drastically over the past hundred years as a result of human activity. Major actions are needed to counter climate change, if the consequences are not to be too great. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases and the forest is an important part of the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, by the fact that plants and trees bind carbon dioxide and store biogenic carbon in the biomass. Roundwood can be used to produce a variety of products with different applications and varying life spans and there are both global and national goals that support a work to reduce climate change with forest resources as tools. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the storage of biogenic carbon in the annual addition of wood-based products from the Swedish forest industry, and then to investigate the potential to increase the time of storage. The UN Climate Panel (IPCC) has developed a general method for calculating the storage of carbon in harvested wood products and the calculations is based on three product categories, which are sawn wood, wood-based panels and paper and paperboard. This thesis has expanded the UN climate reporting by studying a total of sixteen product categories. The flow of carbon was studied using a material flow analysis, which is based on the mass balance of inputs and outputs in a system. The system was studied from the raw material being consumed until the products are defined as waste and incinerated. The calculations were based on statistics on raw material consumption in the sawmill industry and the pulp and paper industry, as well as production volume of fibre pulp and wood-based products. A large volume of biomass also goes directly to incineration and provides bioenergy. The binding time of biogenic carbon was analysed to explore the potential of increasing the binding time, using different strategies. Sawn timber products from the sawmill industry have the longest average life span and also bind the highest amount of biogenic carbon. Biofuels have the shortest average life span, which means that carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere rapidly. A total of 29.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide are stored in wood-based products annually, according to this study. Three strategies to extend the storage time of biogenic carbon were studied in this study, which were extended life span of the products, cascading wood use and so called BECCS. To extend product life means introducing recycling of, for example, cellulose-based textiles. Cascading wood use means that the forest industry primarily produce long-lived products and avoid biomass going directly to incineration. BECCS is based on the fact that trees bind carbon dioxide in their biomass and when wood-based product is incinerated, the carbon dioxide is stored in the ground. BECCS is considered to be the most advanced strategy, of the three.
Cadete, Sonia Marisa Silva. "Enzymatic upgrading of eucalypt paper-grade kraft pulp within dissolving pulp production." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16089.
Full textDissolving-grade pulps are commonly used for the production of cellulose derivatives and regenerated cellulose. High cellulose content, low content of non-cellulosic material, high brightness, a uniform molecular weight distribution and high cellulose reactivity are the key features that determine the quality of a dissolving pulp. The first part of this work was an optimization study regarding the application of selected enzymes in different stages of a new purification process recently developed in Novozymes for purifying an eucalypt Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp, as an alternative to the pre-hydrolysis kraft (PHK) process. In addition, a viscosity reduction was achieved by cellulase (endoglucanase) treatment in the beginning of the sequence, while the GH11 and GH10 xylanases contributed to boost the brightness of the final pulp. The second part of the work aimed at exploring different auxiliary enzyme activities together with a key xylanase towards further removal of recalcitrant hemicelluloses from a partially bleached Eucalypt Kraft pulp. The resistant fraction (ca. 6% xylan in pulp) was not hydrolysable by the different combinations of enzymes tested. Production of a dissolving pulp was successful when using a cold caustic extraction (CCE) stage in the end of the sequence O-X-DHCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. The application of enzymes improved process efficiency. The main requirements for the production of a dissolving pulp (suitable for viscose making) were fulfilled: 2,7% residual xylan, 92,4% of brightness, a viscosity within the values of a commercial dissolving pulp and increased reactivity.
Pastas solúveis são normalmente usadas para a produção de derivativos de celulose e celulose regenerada. Alguns dos parâmetros que determinam a qualidade de uma pasta solúvel são: um elevado teor de celulose, baixo teor de material nãocelulósico, elevada brancura, uma distribuição uniforme de pesos moleculares e elevada reactividade da celulose. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, fez-se um estudo de optimização aplicando enzimas, previamente seleccionadas, em diferentes fases de um novo processo de purificação desenvolvido na Novozymes da pasta de eucalipto Kraft em celulose solúvel, como uma alternativa ao processo convencional de pré-hidrólise kraft. Além da purificação, a aplicação de celulases (endoglucanase) no início da sequência possibilitou uma diminuição da viscosidade, enquanto que a aplicação de xilanases das famílias GH11 e GH10 contribuíram também para o aumento da brancura da pasta final. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objectivo explorar várias actividades enzimáticas auxiliares conjuntamente com a melhor GH11 xilanase identifcada, de modo a promover a remoção das hemiceluloses mais recalciterantes de uma pasta Kraft de Eucalipto parcialmente branqueada. Todas as combinações das enzimas testadas resultaram numa fracção resistente de xilana residual (ca. 6% na pasta) que não foi possível hidrolisar. A produção de uma pasta solúvel foi possível usando um estágio de extracção alkalino a frio (CCE) no fim de uma sequência composta pelos seguintes estágios: O-X-D-HCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. A aplicação de enzimas melhorou a eficiencia do processo. Com esta sequência,os principais requisitos para a produção de uma pasta solúvel (adequada para producao de viscose) foram cumpridos: 2,7% de xilana residual, 92,4% de brancura, uma viscosidade dentro dos valores de uma pasta solúvel comercial e elevada reactividade.
Lundmark, Robert. "Paper recovery and investment behaviour in the European pulp and paper industry." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17295.
Full textGodkänd; 2000; 20070315 (keni)
Sivasundaram, Mathumathi. "Glass ceramics from pulp and paper waste ash." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ64248.pdf.
Full textAjersch, Michael. "Mechanisms of pulp loss in flotation deinking /." *McMaster only, 1997.
Find full textAddison, Sarah Louise. "15N stable isotope probing of pulp and paper wastewaters." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2399.
Full textPeters, Jennifer. "The activated sludge treatment of pulp and paper wastewater." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0027/MQ50650.pdf.
Full textPeters, Jennifer 1973. "The activated sludge treatment of pulp and paper wastewater /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21319.
Full textEffluents from two mills in Quebec were examined. Initially, effluents from a chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) mill were used in this research. The objective was to study the effect of six different waste streams mixed with total mill effluent (0--100%) on the reduction of COD and on the microbial population. The remainder of this research focused on treating effluents from a Kraft mill and investigated the effect of hydraulic residence time (HRT) and step inputs of 1%, 2.5% and 5% black liquor on the reduction of COD and BOD5 and on the microbial population. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Leal, Margarida. "Portucel: pulp and paper: the survival of the strongest." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9896.
Full textBhinge, Deepak. "Color removal from pulp and paper wastes by coagulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41569.
Full textCoagulation studies were conducted to determine an appropriate treatment approach to remove color and organic carbon from the pulp and paper wastes from the Union Camp Corporation, Franklin, Va.
Based on a preliminary analysis of the data collected during this research, either alum or ferric chloride may be used to remove color from pulp and paper wastes. An effluent with final residual color less than 5 color units can be generated using PAC treatment after flocculating certain waste streams with alum or ferric chloride. Higher molecular weight organics (above 5K mass units) showed a near complete removal by coagulation.
It is expected that alum coagulation would involve a lesser cost in pH adjustment as compared to ferric chloride coagulation. Alum sludge dewatered and thickened more rapidly than the iron sludge; however, after mechanical dewatering, the alum cake had a slightly greater moisture content than the sludge produced after ferric chloride coagulation.
Master of Science
Karlsson, Hanna. "Strength Properties of Paper produced from Softwood Kraft Pulp : Pulp Mixture, Reinforcement and Sheet Stratification." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5612.
Full textUeda, Masahiro. "Sugar in paper : topochemistry and physics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5484.
Full textNyberg, Thomas. "Process steam : Steam conditioning at a pulp and paper mill." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-582.
Full textAbstract
This report is the result of an examination work at the University of Karlstad. The purpose of this project is to examine how the condition of the steam affects the efficiency of the steam consumers and how variations in that condition affect a pulp and paper mill.
This report is meant to describe the main components regarding steam production, steam conditioning and steam consumption. It should also be able to give basic information about the significance of steam conditioning in the pulp and paper industry. It is aimed to people working with steam conditioning to increase their understanding and knowledge about it.
The aim of this report is to:
• Describe the function of the most commonly used steam generators and the difference between these.
• Identify the main steam consumers and describe their function.
• Give an introduction to steam conditioning and its role at a pulp and paper mill.
This report will try to answer the following questions:
• How does the generated power from back-pressure steam turbines vary with grade of superheat of outlet steam?
• What are the advantages with steam conditioning?
• Are the steam conditioners at Gruvöns bruk able to deliver steam at the right condition?
The conclusions from this report are that;
• If the steam conditioning valves are able to reduce small steam flows to the correct temperature, more power can be produced. The design condition of the steam turbines can than be nearer saturation.
• The temperature variations are more critical at the turbine inlet than downstream the steam conditioning valves. The valves at Gruvöns bruk who are studied in this report, are fully functioning.
• Common for the main steam consumers at pulp- and paper mills are that they are all sensitive for variations of steam temperature, especially high temperature.
Damani, Pallavi. "Vertical Integration in American Pulp and Paper Industry, 1970-2000." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4989.
Full textGong, Yanyan. "Pulp and paper industry emissions and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0009/MQ52904.pdf.
Full textSundblad, Sara. "Predictions of Pulp and Paper Properties Based on Fiber Morphology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180550.
Full textBarbosa, Marcos Aurélio. "Analyses of total quality system at pulp and paper manufacturing." Universidade de Taubaté, 2004. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=73.
Full textO presente trabalho aborda a implementação do Sistema da Qualidade Total (SQT) em uma empresa do segmento celulose e papel. O objetivo foi avaliar os ganhos obtidos pelo gerenciamento do processo produtivo utilizando-se um modelo de gestão da Qualidade Total, comparando-se os resultados antes e após implementação do SQT, por meio dos indicadores Índice de Eficiência de Acabamento (IEA), tempo de horas paradas e horas quebras em dois processos, fabricação de papel não revestido e revestido. A metodologia aplicada para evidenciar as melhorias obtidas pela organização com a implementação do SQT abordou a coleta de 38 meses do indicador IEA, tempo de horas quebras e horas paradas. Foi realizada uma análise amostral comparando-se a média das amostras antes e após implementação e uma análise populacional das amostras, utilizando-se o teste t de Student, com grau de confiabilidade de 95%. Como resultado, a organização obteve ganhos significativos como aumento do Índice de Eficiência de Acabamento em ambos os processos, permitindo a empresa disponibilizar mais produtos no mercado. A organização obteve êxito na redução de horas paradas e horas quebras nos processos de papel não revestido e revestido, permitindo aumento de produção de papel. Portanto, os indicadores após implementação apresentaram resultados bastante significativos para a organização com a adoção de um novo sistema de gestão da manufatura.
Baker, Scott Alan. "Activated sludge biotreatability of pulp and paper bleach wastes : investigation of bleaching options." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21647.
Full textRudenko, Yulia. "Reglering av pumpar: En fallstudie med jämförelseanalys mellan stryp- och frekvensreglering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448335.
Full textToday's need for energy efficiency places high demands on the industrial sector, which is considered to be the largest energy consumer. Holmen AB is a pulp and paper producer. Pulp and paper production is an energy-intensive branch where pump applications consume large amounts of energy while playing a crucial role in the production process. This study was conducted to help the company investigate what energy and cost savings can be expected if the existing pump control method is changed. The purpose of the study was to develop an approach for estimating pump energy consumption, which would produce a basis for comparative analysis of energy consumption for different control methods. The study focuses mainly on centrifugal pumps, which dominate the industrial environment due to their robust construction, high efficiency, and relatively low maintenance needs. However, this study's approach can be used to assess different types of pumps and control modes as it is based on the fundamental fluid mechanics laws. At the beginning of the study, the key parameters that affect energy consumption in centrifugal pumps were identified to be later used in calculations. Pump control methods were discussed based on the existing literature and research. Estimation of energy consumption and costs was performed for two different control methods, throttle control, and frequency control. In the last stage of the study, two control methods were compared based on the energy consumption calculation to determine whether there is a potential for energy and cost savings when switching from throttle control to frequency control. The results show that usage of frequency control would lead to energy savings and, therefore, to savings in annual operating costs and LCC costs. The amount of the savings depends on the reduction in the rotational speed of the motor. The frequency control is most advantageous when there is a significant difference between the desired flow and the nominal flow in the system. But the potential reduction of motor and pump efficiency must be taken into consideration. A more detailed analysis of energy consumption for different flows and different types of pulp is recommended, with practically measured energy consumption values.
Wang, Gewei. "Does market concentration motivate pulp and paper mills to vertically integrate?" Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08242005-143103/.
Full textHaizheng Li, Committee Chair ; Patrick McCarthy, Committee Member ; Vivek Ghosal, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
Noggle, Jessica Joy. "Eastern mosquitofish as a bioindicator of pulp and paper mill effluents." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009720.
Full textTypescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 277 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Azarafshar, Elham. "The Canadian pulp and paper industry: An economic and environmental analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29192.
Full textKarlsson, Robin. "Anaerobic digestion of biological sludge from the pulp and paper industry." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60527.
Full textZheng, Jing. "Application of GAC adsorption in pulp and paper mill effluent treatment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ58522.pdf.
Full textEsty, Jessica Marie Lange Clifford R. "The effects of sulfide on pulp and paper wastewater color reversion." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ESTY_JESSICA_37.pdf.
Full textCUNHA, FABIOLA OLIVEIRA DA. "STUDY OF PRADO REGION KAOLIN PULP RHEOLOGY FOR THE PAPER INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5926@1.
Full textCENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA MINERAL
Polpas concentradas de caulim (70 por cento em peso de sólidos) são utilizadas na Indústria de Papel como cobertura. Durante a aplicação da polpa são alcançadas altas taxas de cisalhamento que, associadas às altas viscosidades de polpas concentradas, provocam dificuldades no movimento da lâmina acarretando riscos, bolhas ou até mesmo rasgando o papel. Para minimizar esse efeito, são adicionados agentes dispersantes que causam a redução nos valores da viscosidade. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade caracterizar fisicamente as amostras beneficiadas do caulim da região do Prado/BA e, utilizando-se da Teoria DLVO Clássica, contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre os aspectos fundamentais que norteiam a reologia de polpas concentradas de caulim a partir dos fundamentos de química coloidal. A caracterização tecnológica das amostras foi efetuada pelas técnicas de difratometria de raios-X, medição de alvura, análise granulométrica e análise morfológica (MEV e MET). As amostras analisadas revelaram ser, predominantemente, de caulinita; de alvura adequada a Indústria Papeleira para as amostras Coat 90 e Coat 87; de distribuição bimodal para as amostras Coat 90 e Coat 87 e de formato lamelar de perfil irregular, tendo sido encontradas partículas de perfil hexagonal. Posteriormente, foram apreciadas as propriedades eletrocinéticas das amostras. Foi medido o potencial zeta das amostras na ausência e na presença do dispersante hexametafosfato de sódio em função do pH e da concentração do dispersante em força iônica constante. A análise dos resultados revelou: que as amostras Coat 90 e Coat 87 possuem ponto isoelétrico de 3,5, enquanto o caulim Extra Fino possui ponto isoelétrico de 3,2; que o potencial zeta assume valores mais negativos com o aumento do pH e com o aumento da concentração de dispersante e que o ânion proveniente da dissociação do hexametafosfato de sódio adsorve quimicamente à superfície das amostras. De posse dos dados de potencial zeta, utilizou-se a Teoria DLVO para calcular a energia de interação total existente entre as partículas da amostra de caulim Coat 90. Após a análise dos resultados, ficou evidente que, para valores de pH maiores ou iguais a 5, existe uma barreira energética que aumenta de intensidade com o aumento do pH e da concentração de dispersante onde, com o aumento do pH, houve uma tendência à estabilização e, no caso da concentração, foi obtido um valor máximo em 3kg/t de dispersante (após este valor não houve aumento da barreira energética). Nessas curvas também foi observada a existência de um mínimo secundário que, embora pequeno (~2kT), revelou a possibilidade de adesão reversível. A análise reológica da amostra de caulim Coat 90 foi realizada a partir da comparação das viscosidades aparentes encontradas para taxas de cisalhamento constantes (100s-1 ou 1000s-1) e após a mesma quantidade de tempo (280s) já que as polpas eram tixotrópicas. Esses dados revelaram que, com o aumento do pH, as polpas atingem valores mínimos de viscosidade, onde para cada concentração de dispersante foi atingido um patamar diferente. O menor valor de viscosidade foi obtido em 3kg/t de dispersante, onde a partir desse ponto a viscosidade passou a aumentar levemente. Finalmente, os dados reológicos foram confrontados com os calculados pela Teoria DLVO Clássica, onde foi revelada a existência de um valor de energia de interação total (~400kT) comum a todas as concentrações de dispersante que indica um grau máximo de estabilidade da polpa, isto é, as partículas encontram-se tão afastadas umas das outras que o movimento relativo entre elas durante o cisalhamento não é mais afetado. Concluiu-se que, apesar das interações interparticulares serem de natureza microscópica e a viscosidade uma medida macroscópica, a Teoria DLVO foi capaz de explicar qualitativamente o compor
Concentrated kaolin pulps (70 percent solid weight) are utilized as coatings in the paper industry. During the pulp application, high shear rates are obtained. Shear rates associated to high viscosities incite difficulties on the lamina movement generating risks, bubbles or even tearing the paper. To minimize this effect dispersant agents are added. The aim of the present work was to characterize physically the Prado region (Bahia State) kaolin particles and, using the DLVO theory, contribute for a better understanding about the fundamental aspects of kaolin concentrated pulps rheology via colloidal chemistry. Sample technological characterization was carried out with X-Ray difractometry technique, brightness measurements, size measurements, particle distribution and morphological analysis (MEV and MET). Samples were, predominantly, of kaolinite; samples Coat 90 and Coat 87 were of adequate brightness for Paper Industry and presented two peaks and all samples were platelike with irregular edges where hexagonal particles were found. Sample electrokinetic properties were appreciated afterwards. Zeta potential measurements were taken in the absence and in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate dispersing agent as a function of pH and dispersant concentration using constant ionic strength. Result analysis revealed: Coat 90 and Coat 87 samples had 3,5 of isoelectric point, while Extra Fino sample had 3,2 of isoelectric point; zeta potential values became more negative with pH and dispersant concentration rising and the anion of sodium hexametaphosphate dissolution chemically adsorbs to sample surfaces. Zeta potential values were used to obtain total interparticular interaction energy by means of DLVO theory. These procedures were done only for Coat 90 sample. It became clear that, for pH values equals or higher than 5, exists an energy barrier whose values rise as pH and dispersant concentration increases. It has been noted that for pH increase, the tendency of energy barrier was to stabilize. In the case of dispersant concentration increase, was obtained maximum value (3kg/t). By data observation, a secondary minimum was noted. However the secondary minimum is low (~2kT), it revealed the possibility of reversible adhesion. The rheological analysis of Coat 90 kaolin sample was realized by comparison of apparent viscosities found on constant shear rates (100s-1 and 1000s- 1) and after the same time (280s) because pulps were thixotropic. The investigation showed that with pH increase, pulps had their viscosity reduced. Each dispersant concentration value generates a different viscosity, where the smallest viscosities were achieved in 3kg/t. Within the increase of dispersant concentration, viscosity had its values improved. Finally, rheological data were coordinated with those calculated from DLVO theory. It was observed that there is a total interaction energy value (~400kT) common to all dispersant concentrations. This point means that pulp stability is maximum, in other words, particles are so far from each other that relative movement among them is not affected anymore. The conclusion of this work is that, however interparticular forces are of microscopic nature and viscosity is a macroscopic measure, DLVO theory was able to explain qualitatively the rheological behavior of kaolin concentrated pulps.
Cruz-Novoa, Alfonso. "Industrial dynamics and technological structure of the paper and pulp industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7604/.
Full textKhan, I. (Imran). "Role of aldehydes in biomass combustion and pulp and paper industry." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201405281517.
Full textHedman, Jens. "Modelling of suspended solids effluent from a pulp and paper mill." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171767.
Full textDenna studie undersöker avloppsvattenreningen på BillerudKorsnäs integrerade massaoch pappersbruket i Karlsborg, med fokus på utsläppen av suspenderade ämnen. Pågrund ut av sänkta gränser för utsläppen av suspenderade ämnen undersöker BillerudKorsnäsmöjligheter för att öka effektiviteten i avloppsvattenreningen. Därför försöker dennastudie att skapa en statistisk modell för utsläppen av suspenderade ämnen och undersökavilka faktorer i produktion, avloppsvattenrening, och omgivande miljö som påverkar utsläppen.Syftet med studien är att förbättra förståelsen för avloppsvattenreningen och attskapa beslutsunderlag för framtida förbättringar. Metoderna som används i modellernaär Elastic net regression och Random forest classifier, vilka valdes för deras variabel selectionegenskaper. Resultaten för modellerna visar att modellerna endast kan förklara enliten del av variationen i utsläpp av suspenderade ämnen. Det dåliga resultatet indikeraratt nuvarande data inte är tillräckligt för att skapa den typ av modeller som används. Understudien så har brister i datainsamlingen upptäckts, och förbättringar för att överbryggadessa brister är föreslagna med ändamål att göra insamlad data mer pålitlig och skapa enbättre bas för framtida studier.
Joyce, Jim. "Color and TOC removal from pulp and paper wastes by ultrafiltration." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91035.
Full textM.S.
Oliveira, Gonçalo Vieira Saraiva de. "Removal of pharmaceuticals from water using paper pulp-based carbon adsorbents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22241.
Full textThe occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, mainly aquatic, is a worrying issue, with Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) being the main entry route of these compounds due to their inefficient ability to remove them from contaminated water. Adsorption is a very effective method for this purpose, with activated carbons being the most commonly used adsorbents. Considering that commercial activated carbons are expensive, in part due to the price of their precursors, the production of adsorbents from alternative raw materials is an interesting solution and fits within the concept of sustainable economy. In this work, two type of pulps, bleached (BP) and raw pulp (RP), derived from the pulp and paper production process, were used as precursors for production of non-activated and activated carbons. For activated carbons, the pulps were impregnated with two chemical activating agents (K2CO3 or H3PO4), and then pyrolysed and washed with acid. After production, the materials were physically and chemically characterized. To test the performance of these carbons as adsorbents, batch adsorption tests were performed with ultra-pure water and with WWTP effluents, using two pharmaceuticals: the anti-epileptic carbamazepine (CBZ) and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). For the amounts of carbon tested, in ultra-pure water, the results showed no adsorption for non-activated carbons and good adsorption capacities for the activated ones. Comparing the adsorption tests in real effluents with CBZ and SMX, tests with SMX presented low adsorption capacities, probably due to the different interactions establish between the two pharmaceuticals and carbons surface, in the presence of high organic load. Tests with real effluents presented better adsorption capacities for carbons activated with H3PO4 and produced from BP: 92 ± 19 mg g-1 for CBZ and 13.0 ± 0.6 mg g-1 for SMX. These results indicate the potential of these pulps to be used as precursors for activated carbons that can be applied in wastewater treatment.
A existência de fármacos no meio ambiente, em particular ambientes aquáticos, constitui um problema preocupante, sendo as Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) a principal via de entrada destes compostos no meio, devido à sua ineficácia para os remover das águas contaminadas. A adsorção é um método bastante eficiente, sendo os carvões ativados os adsorventes mais comummente utilizados. Uma vez que os carvões ativados comerciais são caros, em parte devido ao preço dos seus precursores, a produção de adsorventes a partir de matérias-primas alternativas é uma solução interessante que se enquadra no conceito de economia sustentável. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dois tipos de pasta, branqueada (BP) e crua (RP), derivadas do processo de produção da pasta de papel, como precursores para a produção de carvões ativados e não ativados. Na ativação, as pastas foram impregnadas com dois agentes químicos ativantes (K2CO3 ou H3PO4) e posteriormente pirolisadas e lavadas com ácido. Após a produção, os materiais foram física e quimicamente caraterizados. De forma a testar o desempenho dos carvões enquanto adsorventes, foram realizados testes de adsorção em descontínuo com água ultrapura e com efluentes recolhidos em ETAR, utilizando dois fármacos: o antiepilético carbamazepina (CBZ) e o antibiótico sulfametoxazol (SMX). Para as quantidades de carvão utilizadas, os resultados em água-ultrapura mostraram adsorção nula para os carvões não ativados e boas capacidades de adsorção para os carvões ativados. Comparando os testes realizados para os efluentes reais com CBZ e SMX, os testes com SMX apresentaram baixas capacidades de adsorção, provavelmente devido às diferentes interações estabelecidas entre as superfícies do fármaco e do carvão, na presença de elevada carga orgânica. Os testes com efluentes reais apresentaram melhores capacidades de adsorção para carvões ativados com H3PO4 e produzidos a partir da BP: 92 ± 19 mg.g-1 para a CBZ e 13.0 ± 0.6 mg.g-1 para o SMX. Estes resultados refletem as potencialidades destas pastas para serem utilizadas como precursoras de carvões ativados, os quais podem ser aplicados no tratamento de águas residuais.
Maung, Maung Thant Kitikorn Charmondusit. "Measurement of eco-efficiency for pulp and paper production in Myanmar /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837461.pdf.
Full textQuiddington, Christopher John. "Stabilisation of high-yield pulp against photo-induced discolouration." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342138.
Full textBiniaris, Andreas. "Insight on the effect of contour height in pressure screening." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/754.
Full textBjarnhagen, Rikard. "Service Enhancer Tool : Design of a new Service Enhance Tool for Metso refiners." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79533.
Full textZhou, Ya Jun. "The effect of ageing on alkyl ketene dimer sizing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337537.
Full textMesfun, Sennai. "Design of integrated industrial sites based on Kraft pulp and paper mills." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26544.
Full textKlein, Stephen Richard. "A regional analysis of supply in the Canadian pulp and paper sector." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24826.
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Graduate
Renner, Victoria Emily. "Sources and ecology of Escherichia coli in pulp and paper mill biosolids." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27549.
Full textAitomäki, Yvonne. "Towards a measurement of paper pulp quality : ultrasonic spectroscopy of fibre suspensions." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18216.
Full textGodkänd; 2006; 20061115 (ysko)
Carter, Shane Basil. "Adsorption of Colour from Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewaters onto Diatomaceous Earths." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2400.
Full textAitomäki, Yvonne. "Towards a measurement of paper pulp quality : ultrasonic spectroscopy of fibre suspensions /." Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet/Systemteknik/EISLAB, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2006/20/index.html.
Full textRice, Matthew. "New Techniques for Continuous Chemical Analysis in the Pulp&Paper Industry." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3131.
Full textBoissinot, Philippe. "Photooxidation of a TM pulp and paper mill effluent with hydrogen peroxide." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24051.
Full textThe main parameter used to determine the quality of the wastewater before and after photooxidation was the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), using a closed reflux standard procedure. COD values of the treated solution were determined at subsequent time intervals and used to draw curves illustrating the rate of oxidation of the wastewater. Other parameters, such as Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and dissolved lignin concentration, were investigated towards the end of the research in order to obtain a more complete characterization of the quality of the wastewater after treatment.
The experimental data reveal that there is an optimal $ rm H sb2O sb2$ concentration that is best suited for the photooxidation of the effluent. Moreover, an increase in temperature accelerates the rate of elimination of COD. An increase in effluent concentration is detrimental to the speed of the process, since it causes an increase in its absorbance which can act as a barrier against UV light. The efficiency of the photooxidation process is not affected by variations in the initial pH of the wastewater. Cupric oxide (CuO), when exposed to UV light, efficiently catalyzes the production of OH radicals and is therefore very beneficial to the photooxidation process.
Morais, Ismarley Lage Horta. "Biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents with aerobic granular sludge." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9372.
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O tratamento de águas residuárias com lodo aeróbio granular apresenta muitas vantagens em comparação ao processo convencional de lodos ativados com lodo floculento. Os grânulos são agregados microbianos densos e compactos que possibilitam uma maior retenção de biomassa no reator biológico e uma elevada capacidade de sedimentação, favorecendo a remoção biológica de matéria orgânica, nutrientes, compostos tóxicos e clarificação final do efluente devido à estrutura e propriedade de sedimentação do lodo. Estes benefícios resultaram em um aumento do interesse de implantação do processo de tratamento com lodo aeróbio granular e a busca de maiores informações à respeito da formação, estabilidade e a influência dos parâmetros operacionais sobre a granulação. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica com a compilação das informações recentes sobre o lodo aeróbio granular incluindo a possibilidade de utilização dos grânulos aeróbios em biorreatores a membrana, em elevadas temperaturas e as aplicações em plantas de tratamento de larga escala. Foi realizada, ainda, a avaliação da adição de 100 mg.L-1 e 200mg.L-1 de cálcio na estabilidade, resistência mecânica e diâmetro dos grânulos formados em reatores em batelada sequencial alimentados com efluente de uma fábrica de polpa celulósica kraft. Os reatores apresentaram eficiências similares de remoção de matéria orgânica e o diâmetro médio dos grânulos foi de cerca de 11 mm em todos os reatores, embora os grânulos formados no reator que recebeu 100 mg.L-1 de Ca2+ apresentou velocidade de sedimentação 36% superior aos demais e maior resistência mecânica. A melhoria da granulação pode ser obtida ainda pela seleção de microrganismos que contribuem para a formação dos agregados. A produção de substâncias poliméricas extracelulares (SPE) pelas bactérias é um dos fatores que influencia a agregação celular, uma vez que as SPE agem como agente cimentante e atuam na adesão entre as células. A produção de SPE de dezenove isolados microbianos, obtidos de grânulos aeróbios formados no tratamento de efluente de fábrica de papel reciclado foi avaliada e seis isolados dos gêneros Staphylococcus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter e Rhodococcus melhoraram a granulação biológica. A ausência destes isolados nos testes de co-agregação reduziu a relação entre proteínas e polissacarídeos (relação PN/PS) e diminuiu a formação de agregados.
Aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment has many advantages over the conventional activated sludge process. The granules are dense and compact microbial aggregates that allow a higher biomass retention in the biological reactor and a high settling velocity, favoring the biological removal of organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances and improves wastewater clarification. Due to the sludge structure and settleability, these benefits have attracted considerable interest in the implementation of the aerobic granular sludge process and givenrise to the need for better understanding of the formation, stability and influence of the operational parameters on the granulation. Thus, this work was divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 presents a review of recent developments on aerobic granular sludge including the possibility of using aerobic granules in membrane bioreactors, at high temperatures and for a full-scale implementation. The addition of divalent cations in the reactors can enhance granulation and granule stability. In Chapter 2, the effect of the addition of 100 mg.L-1 and 200 mg.L- of calcium in the stability, mechanical strength and diameter of the granules formed in sequential batch reactors (SBR) fed with pulp mill effluent was evaluated. The reactors showed similar organic matter removal efficiencies and granule size was approximately 11 mm in all SBR, although the granules formed in the reactor with addition of 100 mg.L- of Ca2+ had a settling velocity 36% higher and greater mechanical resistance than the others. Granulation can also be enhanced by the selection of microorganisms that contribute to the aggregates formation. Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production is one factor that contributes to cell aggregation, since EPS acts as an intercellular cement that may reinforce cohesion inside the bacterial clusters. In Chapter 3, EPS production of nineteen microbial isolates obtained from aerobic granules formed in the recycled paper wastewater treatment was evaluated and six isolates of the genera Staphylococcus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter and Rhodococcus contributed to biological granulation. The absence of these isolates in the co-aggregation tests reduced the protein-polysaccharide ratio (PN / PS ratio) and reduced the aggregates formation.
Biasca, James E. "Oriented fiber refining application of individual modes of mechanical action to single pulp fibers /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989:, 1989. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/ipstetd-446/biasca%5fje.pdf.
Full textForsström, Jennie. "Fundamental aspects on the re-use of wood based fibres : porous structure of fibres and ink detachment /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-84.
Full textOsong, Sinke Henshaw. "Mechanical Pulp Based Nano-ligno-cellulose : Production, Characterisation and their Effect on Paper Properties." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21555.
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