Relevant bibliographies by topics / Timber, Pulp and Paper

Academic literature on the topic 'Timber, Pulp and Paper'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

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RUNGE, TROY, CARL HOUTMAN, ALBERTO NEGRI, and JACKIE HEINRICHER. "Timber bamboo pulp." TAPPI Journal 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.2.9.

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Fast-growing biomass, such as bamboo, has the potential to serve an important future role in the pulp and paper industry with potential to both lower resource costs and improve a product’s sustainability. Moso bamboo is particularly interesting due to its fast growth and size, which allows it to be handled and chipped similarly to wood resources. In this study, we will share results of the chip preparation, kraft cooking, and ECF bleaching of this bamboo species and compare its pulpability, bleachability, and physical properties to a fast growing hybrid poplar tree. Results indicate that the bamboo chips cooked and bleached similarly to the poplar hardwood, allowing for co-cooking. The resulting pulps had superior tensile properties at low refining, but did have higher fines that lowered drainability as measured by Canadian Standard Freeness. The bamboo fiber morphology was also measured, indicating the fiber to have length weighted average fiber lengths and coarseness values to be greater than the poplar wood studied, which should allow this material to be used in many paper grades.
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Helmling, Stephanie, Andrea Olbrich, Lena Tepe, and Gerald Koch. "Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of macerated vessels of 23 mixed tropical hardwood (MTH) species: a data collection for the identification of wood species in pulp and paper." Holzforschung 70, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0195.

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Abstract The identification of wood species in paper products is highly important for the enforcement of the newly established timber regulations regarding the control of illegal logging. In the context of European Timber Regulation (EUTR), in the present paper a database has been established containing reference samples and anatomical descriptions for the identification of 23 tropical timbers from Southeast Asia in pulp and paper products. The vessel elements and fibers of these mixed tropical hardwoods (MTH) were characterized by light microscopy. The woods in focus were macerated, embedded and compared visually and statistically. The collected microscopic data and images are helpful for the identification of the wood species used for paper production.
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Damayanti, Ratih, and Listya Mustika Dewi. "Wood Anatomy and Fibre Quality of the Least Known Timbers Belong to Actinidiaceae from Indonesia." Wood Research Journal 10, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2019.10.2.33-38.

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Wood anatomy of 417 genera and 86 families belong to the major, minor, and the lesser known timbers of South- East Asia have been studied and described in 3 volumes of PROSEA books. This paper deals with timber species of the least known timbers, which have not been treated in the above mentioned PROSEA books, i.e.: Saurauia bracteosa, S. capitulata., and S. nudiflora from family Actinidiaceae. The objective of this study was to acquire descriptions of their anatomical features and evaluate the quality of their fibres for pulp and paper manufacture. Samples were provided by Xylarium Bogoriense, which were collected from various forest areas in Indonesia. Microscopic features observed comprise all features those listed by IAWA Committee in 1989. Fibre quality was determined based on their dimension and evaluated according to quality classification developed by FPRDC Bogor. The results indicate that identification of timber up to genera level is possible. Fibres of Saurauia spp. fall into quality class I, which means good for pulp and paper. The descriptions of anatomical features were presented. Sauraria have bright color, light yellow to light brown, fine texture, light, smooth to rather rough surface, and make it suitable to substitute ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
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MULIYANA ARIFUDIN and WAHYUDI. "MACRO- FEATURES AND DENSITY OF VARIOUS TIMBER SPECIES FROM PAPUA." JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol6.iss2.207.

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This research highlights diversity of macro-features and density of major timber species from Papua. Thirty-one species of air-dried timber with sample size of 13 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm gathered across Papua were used for density measurement and macro-features observation, cover of colors, grain orientation, and wood texture. The results showed that whitish and straw to yellow brown are dominant color of timber mostly harvested from Papua tropical forest. Their grain orientations are mostly straight, while their textures are medium. With regard to their density, Xantostemum spp is the heaviest timber having density of 1,25 g/cm3 while Alstonia scholaris is the lightest species of timber with density of 0.29 g/cm3. Therefore, majority Papua`s timber species studied are classified into light class species or low density timbers. Pulp and paper, veneer, plywood, flooring, meubels, indoor urnitures and handles or woody utensils are the potential uses of these timber species.
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M. RUNGE, TROY, and SCOTT PAUL. "Desilication of bamboo for pulp production." November 2015 14, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.11.743.

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Bamboo is one of the world’s fastest growing feedstocks. It is a promising nonwood resource that can be used in the pulp and paper industry. Among more than 1200 species of bamboo, the timber varieties can be processed much like trees, allowing current pulp mill logistical systems to be used. Bamboo can be difficult to pulp because of its high silica content, which creates issues for black liquor recovery. This study compares two methods of reducing the silica content of a common species of timber bamboo. Specifically, the dermis layer of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was removed through mechanical treatment and then chipped. The same species was also chipped without treatment. The two chipped materials were then alkali extracted and subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were bleached with an OD0(EP)D1 sequence. The material was then refined and formed into handsheets. The results indicate that 80% of the silica could be removed from the bamboo material through a combination of dermal mechanical treatment and caustic chip extraction. Caustic chip extraction removed a significant portion of hemicellulose materials, which in turn lowered cooking yields but had minimal effect on pulp properties.
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Munawaroh, Esti, Yupi Isnaini, Purity Sabila Ajiningrum, Siti Susiarti, and Y. Purwanto. "Cultural Significance Analysis to Support the Valuation of Non Timber Forest Products of the Malay Community in Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, Sumatera." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.52.

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The study of utilizing the diversity of non-timber forest product species by testing the value of cultural importance or Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) analysis aims to identify the species of non-timber forest products with highest importance value for local communities. The results of this study documented (1) list of species of non-timber forest products that have an important role in the Malay community in Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, including foodstuffs (51-77 plants), vegetable ingredients (21 plants), medicinal materials (> 77 plants), equipment materials (62 plants), pulp and paper materials (27 plants), and other non-timber forest products; (2) list of species of the potential non-timber forest products to be further developed as fruit-producing plants (12 species), vegetables (10 species), medicinal plants (6 species), pulp and paper-based plants (6 species), plywood (18 species), basic materials for manufacturing equipment, arts and other local technology (8 species); and (3) basic data on economic valuation studies of non-timber forest products. The potential species that have high importance value to be cultivated plants were rambai (Baccaurea spp.), cempunik (Artocarpus hispidum), durian (Durio zibethinus, Durio oxleyanus, and Durio spp.), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum and Nephelium spp.) for fruits, rotan jernang (Calamus draco and Calamus spp.) as a medicinal material, and other uses. Specifically the diversity of potential species of non-timber forest products will be discussed in this paper.
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Kuzminov, I. F., and P. A. Lobanova. "Text mining for economic geographical sectoral analysis of the pulp and paper industry in European Russia." Regional nye issledovaniya 71, no. 1 (2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2021-1-2.

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The authors show the need and some existing opportunities for analysis of non-traditional data sources to obtain a complete and more relevant picture of industries spatial development. The research methodology includes the use of text mining for economic and geographical studies. The relevance of the research is determined by insufficient completeness of official statistical data, cheapening of relevant information processing technologies and abundance of large text data sources in open access. The article discusses the role of the pulp and paper industry (as a key part of the timber industry) in economic and spatial development of modern Russia. The authors identify main trends in the economic and spatial development of the pulp and paper industry of European Russia, draw the conclusions on the expected industry trends and give recommendations for strategic management decisions to respond to industry challenges. The authors claim that the industry needs liberalization and stabilization, primarily through moratoriums on policy changes. The role of the use of big data, and in particular of text mining in economic and geographical research for reasonable and objective conclusions formation that can be used to make timely and balanced management decisions in the timber industry and the pulp and paper industry, is emphasized.
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Koskela, Erkki, and Markku Ollikainen. "A game-theoretic model of timber prices with capital stock: an empirical application to the Finnish pulp and paper industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 1481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-105.

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The paper provides a framework to approach price and quantity determination in the roundwood market from a new perspective. In the spirit of the trade union literature, a model of timber price determination is formulated according to which the forest owners' association determines timber prices and then forest firms unilaterally decide on the timber to be used. The novelty here is to incorporate investment decisions of firms as a strategic factor into the model. The structure of the model is the following. The game is played in two stages. First, the forest owners' association and the firms in the forest industry decide on timber price and capital stock, respectively. In the second stage, the firms determine timber demand conditional on the timber price - capital stock game, so that the equilibrium concept is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. This game-theoretic model is applied to the annual data from the Finnish pulp and paper industry over the period 1960-1992. Estimation and testing results concerning the price and quantity determination of timber as well as capital stock behavior are generally favorable for the hypotheses presented. In particular, diagnostics and various test procedures indicate that these equations outperform conventional specifications derived from the theory of the demand for factors of production.
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Cahalan, C. M. "Wood properties of Sitka spruce." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 1-2 (1987): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006400.

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SynopsisThe wood properties of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) which influence its use in the production of sawn timber, veneer, particleboard, fibreboard, pulp and paper are discussed. Although the low strength properties of Sitka spruce restrict its use as constructional timber, it is highly suitable for the manufacture of particleboard and fibreboard and is an excellent pulping species.
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Pinyagina, N. B., and N. S. Gorshenina. "Current state, trends and prospects for pulp and paper industry development in Russian Federation." Forestry Bulletin 26, no. 6 (December 2022): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-6-148-160.

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The issues of the current state, trends and prospects for the development of the pulp and paper industry as one of the priority and promising areas of the Russian timber complex are considered. The study was conducted in the following main areas: the production sector, analysis of sales markets, taking into account the influence of the internal and external environment, export and import, since enterprises are export-oriented. The presented analysis was performed not only for the main types of pulp and paper production, but also in terms of its territorial location, which allows us to evaluate the performance of the federal districts, outline the prospects and development strategy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

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Saarela, J. (Juha). "Photon migration in pulp and paper." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514275845.

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Abstract The thesis clearly demonstrates that photon migration measurements allow characterization of pulp and paper properties, especially the fines and filler content of pulp, and the basis weight, thickness and porosity of paper. Pulp and paper are materials with a worldwide significance. Their properties strongly depend on the manufacturing process used. For efficient process control, the employed monitoring and measuring has to be fast. Therefore it is worthwhile to try to develop new approaches and techniques for such measurements. Recent advancements in optics offer new possibilities for such development. If two samples have different optical properties their photon migration distributions are different. The measurement of a photon migration distribution allows some features between two optically slightly dissimilar samples to be distinguished. Some simple measurements, which only yielded the photons' average time of flight, were made with an oscilloscope and a time-of-flight lidar. More precise measurements yielding photon pathway distribution or some selected characteristics like light pulse rise time, broadening, or fall time were measured with a streak camera. Two methods to assess photon path length distribution were introduced: particle determination with simulation, and streak camera with deconvolution. The basic properties for pulp are consistency and fines content and for paper the basic properties are thickness, basis weight and porosity. The influence on photon migration caused by changes in these basic properties was determined. As pulp and paper are rarely very basic, an additional property was demonstrated for both materials. For pulp it was the content of filler talc, and for paper it was the use of beaten pulp as a raw material. These additional properties were also distinguishable.
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Marson, Andrew D. "Air flotation drying of paper pulp." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613430.

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Although much academic research has been devoted to the fields of paper drying and air impingement heat transfer, little of the resulting information is in a form usable to dryer manufacturers. The aim of this research was therefore to develop a model suitable for the designing the flotation dryers often used in the production of market pulps. The heat transfer characteristics of several commercial nozzle designs, namely flotation nozzles, slot nozzles and arrays of round orifices, were determined under conditions relevant to pulp drying. Empirical correlations for the Nusselt number for the nozzles were obtained using the property ratio method to account for the variation of the physical properties of air with temperature. The proposed correlations were shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results and were sufficiently accurate for use in industrial dryer design. The effect of the nozzle exit velocity and nozzle-to-surface spacing on the profile of static pressure at the impingement surface was also determined for a typical flotation nozzle design. The influence of nozzle conditions and sheet properties on the drying characteristics of papermaking pulp was determined through batch drying experiments. Over 400 experiments were performed using samples produced from four furnishes at basis weights in the range 120 g/m" to 2125 g/m2 and oven dry densities in the range 175 kg/mt to 900 kg/m'. Drying was achieved using heated air emerging from flotation nozzles at air temperatures in the range 100°C to 250°C with nozzle velocities between 15 mls and 55 mls. Temperature profiles through handsheets of both pressed and unpressed pulp were also measured during drying, which showed the presence of a quasi-constant temperature.
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Rosendal, Linnea. "Biogent kol i träbaserade produkter från svensk skogsindustri och kolets inbindningstid : En analys av potentialen att öka inbindningstiden i det årliga tillskottet av produkter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415431.

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Nivåerna av växthusgaser i atmosfären har ökat drastiskt de senaste århundradet, till följd av mänsklig aktivitet. Det krävs en stor omställning för oss människor om klimatförändringarna ska motverkas och för att konsekvenserna för planeten inte ska bli allt för stora. Koldioxid är en av de viktigaste växthusgaserna och skogen är en viktig del i balansen av koldioxid i atmosfären genom att växter och träd binder in koldioxid och lagrar biogent kol i biomassan. Rundvirke kan användas för att producera en mängd olika produkter med olika användningsområden och varierande livslängd och det finns både globala och nationella mål som stödjer ett arbete för en minskad klimatpåverkan med skogens resurser som verktyg. Syftet med examensarbetet var att analysera inbindningen av biogent kol i det årliga tillskottet av träbaserade produkter från svensk skogsindustri, för att sedan undersöka potentialen att öka tiden för inbindning av det biogena kolet. FN:s klimatpanel (IPCC) har tagit fram en generell metod för att beräkna lagringen av kol i skördade träprodukter och beräkningarna bygger på tre produktkategorier, vilka är sågade trävaror, spånskivor och papper och kartong. Detta examensarbete har utvidgat FN:s klimatrapportering genom att studera totalt sexton produktkategorier. Flödet av biogent kol studerades genom en materialflödesanalys, som bygger på massbalans mellan ”inputs” och ”outputs” i ett system. Systemet studerades från det att råvara förbrukas till dess att produkterna går som avfall och förbränns. Statistik över råvaruförbrukning inom sågverksindustrin och massaindustrin, samt produktionsmängd av fibermassa och träbaserade produkter användes i analysen. En stor volym biomassa går dessutom direkt till förbränning och ger bioenergi. Resultatet visade att sågade trävaror från sågverksindustrin har längst medellivslängd och binder även in störst mängd biogent kol. Biobränslen har kortast medellivslängd, och koldioxid frigörs till atmosfären på mycket kortast tid. Enligt detta examensarbete innehåller träbaserade produkter från Sverige 29,0 miljoner ton koldioxid årligen. Tre strategier att förlänga inbindningstiden av biogent kol studerades, vilka är förlängd livslängd för produkter, kaskadanvändning och Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). Att förlänga livslängden för produkter innebär att återvinning av exempelvis cellulosabaserade textilier införs. Kaskadanvändning innebär att skogsindustrin primärt ska producera långlivade produkter och undvika att biomassa direkt går till förbränning. BECCS bygger på att träden binder in kol i sin biomassa och när en träbaserad produkt förbränns pressas frigjord koldioxid ned i marken och lagras. BECCS bedöms vara den strategi som är mest avancerad.
The levels of greenhouse gases have increased drastically over the past hundred years as a result of human activity. Major actions are needed to counter climate change, if the consequences are not to be too great. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases and the forest is an important part of the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, by the fact that plants and trees bind carbon dioxide and store biogenic carbon in the biomass. Roundwood can be used to produce a variety of products with different applications and varying life spans and there are both global and national goals that support a work to reduce climate change with forest resources as tools. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the storage of biogenic carbon in the annual addition of wood-based products from the Swedish forest industry, and then to investigate the potential to increase the time of storage. The UN Climate Panel (IPCC) has developed a general method for calculating the storage of carbon in harvested wood products and the calculations is based on three product categories, which are sawn wood, wood-based panels and paper and paperboard. This thesis has expanded the UN climate reporting by studying a total of sixteen product categories. The flow of carbon was studied using a material flow analysis, which is based on the mass balance of inputs and outputs in a system. The system was studied from the raw material being consumed until the products are defined as waste and incinerated. The calculations were based on statistics on raw material consumption in the sawmill industry and the pulp and paper industry, as well as production volume of fibre pulp and wood-based products. A large volume of biomass also goes directly to incineration and provides bioenergy. The binding time of biogenic carbon was analysed to explore the potential of increasing the binding time, using different strategies. Sawn timber products from the sawmill industry have the longest average life span and also bind the highest amount of biogenic carbon. Biofuels have the shortest average life span, which means that carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere rapidly. A total of 29.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide are stored in wood-based products annually, according to this study. Three strategies to extend the storage time of biogenic carbon were studied in this study, which were extended life span of the products, cascading wood use and so called BECCS. To extend product life means introducing recycling of, for example, cellulose-based textiles. Cascading wood use means that the forest industry primarily produce long-lived products and avoid biomass going directly to incineration. BECCS is based on the fact that trees bind carbon dioxide in their biomass and when wood-based product is incinerated, the carbon dioxide is stored in the ground. BECCS is considered to be the most advanced strategy, of the three.
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Cadete, Sonia Marisa Silva. "Enzymatic upgrading of eucalypt paper-grade kraft pulp within dissolving pulp production." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16089.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental
Dissolving-grade pulps are commonly used for the production of cellulose derivatives and regenerated cellulose. High cellulose content, low content of non-cellulosic material, high brightness, a uniform molecular weight distribution and high cellulose reactivity are the key features that determine the quality of a dissolving pulp. The first part of this work was an optimization study regarding the application of selected enzymes in different stages of a new purification process recently developed in Novozymes for purifying an eucalypt Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp, as an alternative to the pre-hydrolysis kraft (PHK) process. In addition, a viscosity reduction was achieved by cellulase (endoglucanase) treatment in the beginning of the sequence, while the GH11 and GH10 xylanases contributed to boost the brightness of the final pulp. The second part of the work aimed at exploring different auxiliary enzyme activities together with a key xylanase towards further removal of recalcitrant hemicelluloses from a partially bleached Eucalypt Kraft pulp. The resistant fraction (ca. 6% xylan in pulp) was not hydrolysable by the different combinations of enzymes tested. Production of a dissolving pulp was successful when using a cold caustic extraction (CCE) stage in the end of the sequence O-X-DHCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. The application of enzymes improved process efficiency. The main requirements for the production of a dissolving pulp (suitable for viscose making) were fulfilled: 2,7% residual xylan, 92,4% of brightness, a viscosity within the values of a commercial dissolving pulp and increased reactivity.
Pastas solúveis são normalmente usadas para a produção de derivativos de celulose e celulose regenerada. Alguns dos parâmetros que determinam a qualidade de uma pasta solúvel são: um elevado teor de celulose, baixo teor de material nãocelulósico, elevada brancura, uma distribuição uniforme de pesos moleculares e elevada reactividade da celulose. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, fez-se um estudo de optimização aplicando enzimas, previamente seleccionadas, em diferentes fases de um novo processo de purificação desenvolvido na Novozymes da pasta de eucalipto Kraft em celulose solúvel, como uma alternativa ao processo convencional de pré-hidrólise kraft. Além da purificação, a aplicação de celulases (endoglucanase) no início da sequência possibilitou uma diminuição da viscosidade, enquanto que a aplicação de xilanases das famílias GH11 e GH10 contribuíram também para o aumento da brancura da pasta final. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objectivo explorar várias actividades enzimáticas auxiliares conjuntamente com a melhor GH11 xilanase identifcada, de modo a promover a remoção das hemiceluloses mais recalciterantes de uma pasta Kraft de Eucalipto parcialmente branqueada. Todas as combinações das enzimas testadas resultaram numa fracção resistente de xilana residual (ca. 6% na pasta) que não foi possível hidrolisar. A produção de uma pasta solúvel foi possível usando um estágio de extracção alkalino a frio (CCE) no fim de uma sequência composta pelos seguintes estágios: O-X-D-HCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. A aplicação de enzimas melhorou a eficiencia do processo. Com esta sequência,os principais requisitos para a produção de uma pasta solúvel (adequada para producao de viscose) foram cumpridos: 2,7% de xilana residual, 92,4% de brancura, uma viscosidade dentro dos valores de uma pasta solúvel comercial e elevada reactividade.
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Lundmark, Robert. "Paper recovery and investment behaviour in the European pulp and paper industry." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17295.

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This thesis consists of an introductory part followed by two self-contained papers both analysing the effect recovered paper has on the locational choice for investments in the European pulp and paper industry. In the first paper we develop a continuous Cobb-Douglas investment model with the purpose of finding and estimating the investment determinants for the European pulp and paper industry, with special focus on the impact of recovered paper. The analysis is carried out within a neo-classical locational framework in which firms minimise the production and transportation costs for both input factors and for output products. We use a panel of data consisting of ten European countries over the period 1978 to 1995. The results suggests that both short and long run aspects of wastepaper recovery tend not to be important determinants of investment activities in the pulp and paper industry, whereas the price of wood pulp and electricity together with existing capacity seem to be more important. In the second paper we employ a different approach to the same problem. In this paper we develop a conditional logit model and compile the number of investment projects that were scheduled to be finished in 16 European countries between 1985 and 1995. In contrast to the first paper, which used continuous data, this model employs discrete data for the dependent variable. A discrete variable counts the actual number of times a certain event has taken place, i.e., the number of investment projects. The same set of determinants as in the first paper is used to ease comparing the two papers. We further break down the investment projects into four paper grades, which allow us to analyse the effects of wastepaper in greater detail. The results suggest that factor input prices in general and the price for wastepaper in particular are neither statistically nor economically significant location determinants for a paper manufacturer. Furthermore, the results suggest that market size and agglomeration effects are more important than the price of raw materials for location. On the basis of the results from the two papers, we can conclude that the price of wastepaper is not an important determinant for the European pulp and paper industry when choosing investment sites. Price driven policies aimed at stimulating paper recovery may therefore fail to achieve increased investments in the industry. At the same time, both papers suggests that agglomeration effects, i.e., existing productive capacity, is an important determinant. The economic significance of the agglomeration coefficients suggests that the power of sunk costs is important. Investments are largely diverted to existing capacity and the ability to attract new establishments is limited.
Godkänd; 2000; 20070315 (keni)
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Sivasundaram, Mathumathi. "Glass ceramics from pulp and paper waste ash." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ64248.pdf.

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Ajersch, Michael. "Mechanisms of pulp loss in flotation deinking /." *McMaster only, 1997.

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Addison, Sarah Louise. "15N stable isotope probing of pulp and paper wastewaters." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2399.

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Stable isotope probing (SIP) is an established technique that can be applied to identify the metabolically active micro-organisms within a microbial population. The SIP method utilises an isotopically-labelled substrate and PCR techniques to discern the members of a microbial community that incorporate the isotope into their DNA or RNA. The current literature gap around using 15N isotopes with RNA-SIP offers real potential and advantages for targeting and identifying active members from mixed communities involved in global biogeochemical nitrogen cycling. This study specifically investigated whether nitrogen based compounds can be used as substrates in RNA-SIP methodologies and whether they can in turn be used to probe mixed community environments known to be actively fixing nitrogen. The nitrogen-limited systems targeted represented an ideal opportunity to assess the suitability of 15N-RNA-SIP approaches due to their known high nitrogen fixation rates. Identifying these nitrogen-fixing bacteria could provide a better representation analysis of the community, leading to an improved prediction on how to manage and optimise the treatment performance of target waste systems and to exploit the unique bioconversion properties of these types of organisms. Initially, the project undertook methodological proof of concept by using a soluble nitrogen source, 15NH4Cl, to label the RNA of Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens and a mixed microbial community. Successful separation of the 14N- (control) and 15N-RNA was achieved for both pure and mixed communities using isopycnic caesium trifluoroacetate (CsTFA) gradients in an ultracentrifuge. The usefulness of this technique to identify active diazotrophs in real environmental samples was tested using a nitrogen-fixing community from a pulp and paper wastewater treatment system. After growing the mixed culture with 15N2 as the sole nitrogen source, the labelled RNA was extracted and fractionated using isopycnic centrifugation in CsTFA gradients. The community composition of the active nitrogen-fixing community in the 15N2 enriched fraction was analysed by establishing a 16S rRNA gene clone library containing over 200 members. These were analysed by comparison with published sequences and by phylogenetic analysis. It was found that the more isotopic label substrate incorporated, the further the buoyant density (BD) separation between 15N- and 14N-RNA. Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens gave an average BD shift of 0.03 + 0.004 g ml-1 (95.0 atom % 15N) with 15NH4Cl. For mixed communities the average BD shift was 0.02 + 0.004 g ml-1 (80.0 atom % 15N) with 15NH4Cl and 0.013 + 0.002 g ml-1 (32.6 atom % 15N) when using 15N2. Clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes present in the enriched 15N-RNA fraction of the mixed community was shown to consist of a diverse population of bacteria as indicated by a Shannon Weaver index value of gt;2.8. Three dominant genera (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus) were identified by comparison with published sequences and phylogenetic analysis. Many other groups not known as archetypal nitrogen-fixing bacteria were also identified, demonstrating that 15N2-RNA-SIP provides a useful tool for the identification of important and previously unknown contributors to nitrogen fixation in a range of environments. Overall, this project has established that nitrogen based RNA-SIP is a powerful tool that can be used successfully and reproducibly with both pure and complex mixed microbial communities to study active diazotrophs in environmental samples.
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Peters, Jennifer. "The activated sludge treatment of pulp and paper wastewater." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0027/MQ50650.pdf.

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Peters, Jennifer 1973. "The activated sludge treatment of pulp and paper wastewater /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21319.

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Biological treatment of pulp and paper wastes by activated sludge is widely practiced in industry to reduce the organic content and toxicity of the wastewater. Most industrial applications require the treatment of a combination of streams from various processes. The composition of the combined stream varies since shock loadings and spills may occur. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of these variations on the microbial community and, ultimately, on the kinetics of the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This will improve the understanding of control requirements for the process.
Effluents from two mills in Quebec were examined. Initially, effluents from a chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) mill were used in this research. The objective was to study the effect of six different waste streams mixed with total mill effluent (0--100%) on the reduction of COD and on the microbial population. The remainder of this research focused on treating effluents from a Kraft mill and investigated the effect of hydraulic residence time (HRT) and step inputs of 1%, 2.5% and 5% black liquor on the reduction of COD and BOD5 and on the microbial population. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Books on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

1

Navin, Brian. World pulp and paper 1997-2006: Trends and forecasts. Leatherhead: Pira International, 1997.

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Wang, H. Advanced process control in paper and board making. Leatherhead: Pira International, 1997.

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Bowne, Thomas R., Sarah R. Sphar, and Robert D. Gilchrist. Pulp & paper. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1999.

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Kennedy, Jae, and Paul Bailin. Pulp & paper. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1997.

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Pulp and paper. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2011.

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Lavigne, John R. Pulp & paper dictionary. San Francisco, Calif., USA: Miller Freeman Publications, 1986.

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Pulp & paper dictionary. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 1993.

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Durbak, Irene. Dissolving pulp industry: Market trends. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Services, Forest Products Laboratory, 1993.

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Canada, Industry Science and Technology Canada. Pulp and paper equipment. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Canada, Industry Science and Technology Canada. Pulp and paper equipment. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

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Corbel, G. "Pulp & paper." In Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials, 377–409. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2818-0_21.

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Eagon, R. G. "Paper, pulp and food grade paper." In Handbook of Biocide and Preservative Use, 83–132. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1354-0_4.

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Uprichard, J. M., and J. C. F. Walker. "Pulp and paper manufacture." In Primary Wood Processing, 481–534. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8110-3_13.

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Chenier, Philip J. "Pulp, Paper, and Wood." In Survey of Industrial Chemistry, 399–416. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0603-4_22.

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Stringer, Ruth, and Paul Johnston. "Pulp and paper production." In Chlorine and the Environment, 107–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9813-2_5.

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Achaw, Osei-Wusu, and Eric Danso-Boateng. "Pulp and Paper Technology." In Chemical and Process Industries, 171–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79139-1_6.

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Kumar, Arun, and Jay Shankar Singh. "Pulp and Paper Wastewater." In Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 139–55. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429298080-8.

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Haeberle, Michael. "Pulp and Paper Workers, and Paper Dermatitis." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_179-2.

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Jäppinen, P., and L. Kanerva. "Pulp and Paper Workers, and Paper Dermatitis." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 1033–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_162.

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Haeberle, Michael. "Pulp and Paper Workers, and Paper Dermatitis." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 2183–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_179.

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Conference papers on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

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Kay, John A., and Lauri Kumpulainen. "Maximizing protection by minimizing arcing times in medium voltage systems." In 2012 58th IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference - PPIC. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppic.2012.6293013.

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Smith, Terrence, and Richard Hunt. "Current transformer saturation effects on coordinating time interval." In 2012 58th IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference - PPIC. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppic.2012.6293016.

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Larson, Eric D. "Biomass-Gasifier/Gas-Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-280.

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Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.
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Valdes, Marcelo, Andrew Crabtree, and Tom Papallo. "Method for determining selective capability of current-limiting overcurrent devices using peak-let-through current “What traditional time current curves will not tell you”." In 2009 55th IEEEl Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (PPIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2009.5185424.

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Das, J. C. "Reducing Interrupting Duties of Medium -Voltage Circuit Breakers by Increasing Contact Parting Time." In Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286308.

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Soares, Micaela A. R., Manuela Marques, and Maria Teresa Rodrigues. "Influence of storage time of pulp and paper industry wastewaters in AOX determination." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201920003.

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The feasibility of storing wastewater samples from pulp and paper industry during more than 5 days (time recommend by ISO 5667-3:2018) for AOX determination was addresses in this study. Samples were collected before and after the aerobic biological treatment of a Portuguese industry. Experimental protocol included AOX measurements at days 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18 and 20 after sampling. Results obtained indicate that storage time is not matrix-dependent and it can be extended up to 20 days, which clearly improves management of laboratory activities concerning AOX determination.
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Rudolf, Maja, Irena Bates, Ivana Plazonić, Valentina Radić Seleš, Katja Petric Maretić, and Marija Magdalena Mendeš. "Evaluation of the line and edge quality of printed letters on recycled paper with straw pulp." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p33.

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Traditional papermaking is based on the use of an aqueous suspension consisting of cellulose fibres obtained by processing wood, non-wood plants or waste paper. With growing environmental concerns regarding deforestation and CO2 production, the paper industry has been always looking for new sources of non-wood pulp that would produce papers of similar quality to those made from wood pulp. Cereal straw from wheat, barley or triticale crops that remains on fields as a residue after grain harvesting has proven to be a good substitute for virgin wood fibres needed in the production of recycled paper. In this study, the quality of printed text on recycled paper with added straw pulp is evaluated mainly based on the line and edge characteristics of the printed letters. For this purpose, three types of laboratory paper substrates were first prepared using recycled wood pulp with the addition of 30% wheat, barley, or triticale straw pulp. The same letter pattern was printed with black ink on each paper substrate at a standard size of 12 pt with two common typefaces: Arial and Times New Roman. The quality of the printed letters was assessed through the measured print quality parameters such as blurriness, raggedness, fill and contrast. The resulting measurements were compared with the results obtained on the reference and control samples made exclusively from recycled wood pulp as a substrate from laboratory and commercial production. In terms of fill and contrast values, the uniformity of lines printed on the recycled papers with added straw pulp is the same or very similar to the reference and control papers. Letters printed in Arial (sans-serif) typeface show slightly better reproduction quality than letters printed in Times New Roman (serif) typeface. The measured parameters blurriness and raggedness of all laboratory-made paper substrates (with and without straw pulp) had similar values between 0.17 mm and 0.20 mm, resulting in a very similar reproduction quality compared to the reference paper substrate.
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Toikka, Tero, Olli-Pekka Hilmola, and Juha P. Saranen. "Evaluating Different Railway Wagon Alternatives for Timber Transportation by Discrete Event Simulation." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63061.

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Finland with Sweden is one of the most important pulp producing countries in Europe, and in paper production these two countries are accompanied with Germany and France as being most important countries of production. For the production of pulp, most important parts are (1) the quality and scale of production process as well as (2) cost efficient and high quality raw material. In addition to using its own raw material sources, Finland purchases wood from various different regions, including Russia. In a frequent number of cases raw material transports is completed with rail transports, especially in the case of Russia where distances are relatively long for transports (several thousand kms). Until now Russian timber has had a cost advantage in comparison to Finnish raw material. The availability of a cheaper alternative has also kept the price of domestic raw material at a relatively low level. However, Russia has announced a schedule to increase tariffs for timber exports. As a consequence the exporters of Russian timber need to examine and fine tune their cost structure of timber procurement to correspond to this new demanding environment. In this paper we examine the transportation cost of forest industry raw material using different types of railway wagons. The case network consists of four Russian terminals and two mills located in Finland. The evaluation is based on a discrete event system simulation model concentrating on timber transport within the case network in question. To make this evaluation even more interesting, Russian railway deregulation has its own special feature: Railway customers are allowed to own railway wagons, but nationally owned RZD owns the locomotives and charges for traction. Our research results show that the traction charge of RZD and competing road transport prices are the most influential factors, when determining the most cost efficient wagon type and network structure for timber transportation.
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Pluciński, Jerzy. "Applying of the optical time-of-flight spectroscopy for the paper and pulp characterization." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Katarzyna Kolacz and Jacek Sochacki. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.675762.

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Urozhaeva, Tatiana. "The Problem of Storage and Disposal of Industrial Waste in the Irkutsk Region in the 1990–2010s." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.31.

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In the 1990–2010s in the region, measures were taken to increase the volume of waste processing of large industrial enterprises. However, the following problems remained unresolved: lack of funding, outdated recycling technologies, lack of attention from regional and federal authorities. There were also positive steps. In particular, the disposal of hazardous waste was started at enterprises where this has not happened for a long time (according to Usolekhimprom, Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, Angarsk Metallurgical Plant, etc.). Huge volumes of ash and slag materials and waste from the timber processing industry were used.
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Reports on the topic "Timber, Pulp and Paper"

1

none,. Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218635.

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Schumacher, Katja. India's pulp and paper industry: Productivity and energy efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753015.

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Angelini, P. Materials needs and opportunities in the pulp and paper industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/130598.

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Allen, J. D., S. R. Charagundla, A. Macek, H. G. Semerjian, and J. R. Whetstone. Advanced sensor development program for the pulp and paper industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6112248.

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Miller, Melanie, Mauricio Justiniano, and Shawna McQueen. Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218634.

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Buchanan, Andrew, Birgit Ostman, and Andrea Frangi. White paper on fire resistance of timber structures. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.15-985.

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Kiran Kadam, PhD. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips Into Pulp For Making Paper Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896388.

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Kadam, Kiran L. ,. PhD, and Jian Jiang. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips into Pulp Used for Making Paper Products. Test accounts, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895358.

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Author, Not Given. New industrial heat pump applications to an integrated thermomechanical pulp and paper mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497511.

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Kong, Lingbo, Ali Hasanbeigi, Lynn Price, and Huanbin Liu. Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and Paper Industry in China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172119.

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