Dissertations / Theses: 'Timber Indonesia'

1

Tinambunan, Djaban. "Strategic planning models for timber harvesting operations in the tropical rain forests of Indonesia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5525.

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2

Jakfar, Fajri. "Impacts of timber trade policies on industrial activities in Indonesia using a CGE model." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149912.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9626号
農博第1254号
新制||農||843(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3658(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G384
京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻
(主査)教授吉田昌之, 教授辻井博, 教授加賀爪優
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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3

Susila, Gede Adi. "Experimental and numerical studies of masonry wall panels and timber frames of low-rise structures under seismic loadings in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-numerical-studies-of-masonry-wall-panels-and-timber-frames-of-lowrise-structures-under-seismic-loadings-in-indonesia(3ceb094b-4e6e-432a-b3de-3d4c306b0551).html.

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Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least 60% of houses are non-engineered structures, built by unskilled workers using masonry and timber. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads or ground movement and their failure during an earthquake or storm can lead to significant loss of life. This thesis is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry and timber under lateral seismic load. The research presented includes a survey of forms of building structure and experimental, analytical and numerical work to predict the behaviour of masonry wall and traditional timber frame buildings. Experimental testing of both masonry and timber have been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and to provide material properties for numerical simulations. The experimental study found that the strength of Indonesia-Bali clay brick masonry are below the minimum standard required for masonry structures built in seismic regions, being at least 50% lower than the requirement specified in British Standard and Eurocode-6 (BS EN 1996-1-1:2005). In contrast, Indonesian timber materials meet the strength classes specified in British Standard/Eurocode- 5 (BS EN 338:2009) in the range of strength grade D35-40 and C35).Structural tests under monotonic and cyclic loading have been conducted on building components in Indonesia, to determine the load-displacement capacity of local hand-made masonry wall panels and timber frames in order to: (1) evaluate the performance of masonry and timber frame structure, (2) investigate the dynamic behaviour of both structures, (3) observe the effect of in-plane stiffness and ductility level, and (4) examine the anchoring joint at the base of timber frame that resists the overturning moment. From these tests, the structural ductility was found to be less than two which is below the requirement of the relevant guidelines from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA (FEMA-306). It was also observed that the lateral stiffness of masonry wall is much higher than the equivalent timber frame of the same height and length. The experimental value of stiffness of the masonry wall panel was found to be one-twelfth of the recommended values given in FEMA-356 and the Canadian Building code. The masonry wall provides relatively low displacement compared to the large displacement of the timber frame at the full capacity level of lateral load, with structural framing members of the latter remaining intact. The weak point of the timber frame is the mechanical joint and the capacity of slip joint governs the lateral load capacity of the whole frame. Detailed numerical models of the experimental specimens were setup in Abaqus using three-dimensional solid elements. Cohesive elements were used to simulate the mortar behaviour, exhibiting cracking and the associated physical separation of the elements. Appropriate contact definitions were used where relevant, especially for the timber frame joints. A range of available material plasticity models were reviewed: Drucker-Prager, Crystalline Plasticity, and Cohesive Damage model. It was found that the combination of Crystalline Plasticity model for the brick unit and timber, and the Cohesive Damage model for the mortar is capable of simulating the experimental load-displacement behaviour fairly accurately. The validated numerical models have been used to (1) predict the lateral load capacity, (2) determine the cracking load and patterns, (3) carry out a detailed parametric study by changing the geometric and material properties different to the experimental specimens. The numerical models were used to assess different strengthening measures such as using bamboo as reinforcement in the masonry walls for a complete single storey, and a two-storey houses including openings for doors and windows. The traditional footing of the timber structures was analysed using Abaqus and was found to be an excellent base isolation system which partly explains the survival of those structures in the past earthquakes. The experimental and numerical results have finally been used to develop a design guideline for new construction as well as recommendations for retrofitting of existing structures for improved performance under seismic lateral load.

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4

Lay, Freddy. "An ethnography of the rural Javanese in East Java." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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5

Maryoko, Hadi. "Earthquake Resisting Timber Structure System Composed of Indonesian Engineered Wood Products." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175087.

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6

Saldanha, Joao Mariano de Sousa. "On the size of nations and economic growth : theory, evidence, and lessons for East Timor /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026387.

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7

Sidi, Franciscus Hasan. "Sequence stratigraphy, depositional environments, and reservoir geology of the middle-Miocene fluvio-deltaic succession in Badak and Nilam Fields, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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8

Slamet, Edy Juwono. "Population trends in East Java." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117540.

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This study has examined the levels, trends and differentials of infant and child mortality, fertility and migration in East Java. Based on these findings, alternative projections of the population from 1980 to 2000 were made, and the implications of these projections for school enrolment and the labour force were discussed. The main analysis was based on the 1980 census and the 1980 East Java Population Survey. In general, the results of this study confirm that infant and child mortality have decreased gradually, probably as a result of social and economic development. The age specific fertility rates also have decreased since the mid-1960s. The results also reveal mortality and fertility differentials according to urban-rural residence, maternal education and age of mother. The total fertility rate in East Java was one of the lowest among all provinces in Indonesia, and the annual growth rate of East Java was lower than the national level. In balance East Java had no out-migration. East Java, in terms of size of population is the largest of the 27 provinces in Indonesia with 29.2 million in 1980. The population will continue to increase to the year 2000, ranging from 36.0 million to 38.8 million depending on the rates of fertility decline and out-migration. Primary school enrolments are not expected to increase rapidly, because of already high levels of enrolment and declines in fertility, but secondary school enrolments should continue to increase due to an anticipated greater enrolment rate. The labour force also will increase in size, but not as rapidly as would be expected because of anticipated declines in participation rates for the youngest and oldest groups of the working-age population.

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9

Payenberg, Tobias H. D. "Paleocurrents and resevoir architecture of the middle Miocene channel deposits in Mutiara Field, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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10

Thamrin, Mardiah, and torry thamrin@yahoo com. "AN EXPLORATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS COULD REDRESS SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN EASTERN INDONESIA." Flinders University. Flinders Institute of Public Policy and Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060605.121727.

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Indonesia achieved remarkable growth during the first 25 years of its series of Five Year Development Plans, which started in 1968. However, growth has not been well distributed across the regions, in part this is as a result of the Indonesian government development policy of a growth centre approach which has benefited ï¿½Western Indonesiaï¿½ (Kawasan Barat Indonesia, KBI) more than ï¿½Eastern Indonesiaï¿½ (Kawasan Timur Indonesia, KTI). Prosperity needs to be spread across Indonesian regions and needs to be more equitably shared. The thesis argues that government needs to search for other ways to overcome the imbalance by accelerating KTI development, to reduce this regionï¿½s resentment, which may increase the risk of disintegration. The central aim of this research is to describe and critically evaluate the potential usefulness of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a means to address the regional imbalance in economic development. It aims to make a contribution by: 1. Describing in detail the ways government decision-makers see the situation, in other words giving the viewpoints of the state; 2. Providing detailed transcriptions of the interpretations and opinions expressed by powerful decision makers in the public and private sectors; 3. Demonstrating how the public, private and non-government sectors operate; 4. Making the realistic point that the links across these sectors leads to both positive and negative outcomes; including 5. Illustrating through examples how corruption spreads from the public to the other sectors. This study examines the contributing factors to regional imbalance in Indonesia between KBI and KTI by means of a case study of policy and management challenges in KTI. It examines the current strategy used for accelerating the economic development of KTI and considers whether a new strategy of Public Private Partnerships would have relevance and can be developed and implemented to accelerate the development. Current strategies especially formulated for accelerating KTI economic development include: (i) The Policy and Strategy of the Eastern Indonesia Development Council (ii) The Program of the Ministry for Acceleration of Eastern Indonesian Development; and (iii) The Integrated Economic Development Zone program However, one of the weaknesses of these policies is the lack of cooperation across government and the private sector. This study has found that the government strategies and policies have neither matched local needs nor the implementation of economic development. The study, based on both interviews and secondary data, demonstrates that the causes of the economic imbalance are systemic and multiple. They span not only government policies contributing to the imbalance directly and indirectly but also other factors, such as: (i) Systemic corruption across the public, private and non-government sectors; (ii) Lack of willingness to address the issues, lack of capital, lack of capable human resource and lack of infrastructure, lack of domestic and international market access, lack of communication and coordination and lack of cooperation. To overcome these problems, the Indonesian government together with business and the watchful eye of diverse civil society organizations need to change policies, systems, and visions for developing this region. Public Private Partnerships through a mutual partnership program could be one way of accelerating the development in KTI. On the one hand there are some direct and positive consequences of this new vision, for example, the private sector sharing their knowledge, skills, funds, management and enhanced utilisation of market mechanisms to support the government in the development process. On the other hand there are many limitations to the approach such as government often accepts greater risk than is warranted, dangers of corruption and cronyism which may attend more intensive in long-term relationship and contracted services resulted in corruption and secret business influence in government. According to Transparency International, Indonesia remains one of the most corrupt nations internationally. Unless strategies are put in place to address systemic and endemic corruption and Public Private Partnerships are well managed, then the model for Public Private Partnership will only serve to exacerbate the problem. Systemic corruption also effects trust amongst stakeholders, which needs to be hand-in-hand with strategies to address ï¿½demoralisationï¿½ for developing prosperity. Government is becoming more responsive to the private sectorï¿½s needs by providing a conducive environment for investment, entrepreneurship and innovation. Public Private Partnerships could be a means to balance power between public, non-government and private sectors if there is more capacity building to enhance the competency and responsibility of the players. No development solution can come about by working with only the public or the private or the community sectors or just non-government organizations. This study makes a strong case that the ï¿½solutions need to be found in Partnershipsï¿½. However, in exploring the complexity of the social capital of trust-based networks between people (but which also unfortunately exclude others) which are important for partnerships and, correspondingly, with partnerships being important for social capital, the researcher finds that there is no neat or simplistic partnership that can produce miraculous results. Some partnerships can be corrupt, some can lead to better life chances for local citizens, but the merits of each case need to be considered contextually. Widespread change is only likely when there is systemic change across governance arenas (public, private and non-government) and with consideration of social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors. Instead of blaming development problems on insufficient participation or the lack of capacity of the ordinary people, the problems lie equally with the state, big business and non-government organizations. More effective managerial skills and efficient processes are needed in the governance of all these organizations while the role played by civil society is essential in making this governance accountable. Better partnerships can provide models that could inspire others to follow. Overall this study describes the complex problems created by poor policy making from above. The ï¿½gazeï¿½ (in the sense used by Foucault) is shifted from the ï¿½non-participating and incapableï¿½ citizens to the ï¿½ineffective and inefficientï¿½ powerful. Why are ordinary people so often studied to find answers to societal or systemic problems? The thesis argues that this is because they are easier to ask, more tolerant of the researcher, more resigned to answering a number of questions, or perhaps think it is easier to answer questioners in order to ï¿½get rid of themï¿½. Instead this thesis probes the viewpoints of the powerful. Researcher who is interested in understanding how the state operates in Eastern Indonesia could ï¿½trawl through this materialï¿½ in order to develop a greater understanding of the dynamics of power. To conclude, the researcher is first and foremost a practical person, who wishes to find solutions by creating the conditions for better partnership arrangements. Instead, she found that the decision makers are part of the problem. For transformation in governance to occur, stronger civil society cooperation through ï¿½communities of practiceï¿½ is needed. This would be in the interests of all sectors of society if a regionally more balanced sustainable future is to be achieved.

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11

Dick, David E. "Nusantara Evangelical Church a church growth study /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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12

Obidzinski, Krystof. "Logging in East Kalimantan, Indonesia the historical expedience of illegality /." Proefschrift, [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/69436.

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13

Praptopriyoko, Lukito. "Socio-economic differentials in fertility in East Java 1980 : an areal analysis." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117090.

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This study is an attempt to explore the association between the differences in areal socio-economic conditions and fertility across the regions in East Java. The total fertility rates (TFR) by regions are calculated based on the 1980 Population Census using Rele's method. Ten indicators of socio-economic conditions are taken from sources such as the 1980 Population Census and family planning service statistics. The 29 regencies are the units of analysis in this study. Inclusion of the 8 municipalities was found to raise spurious correlations between measure of fertility and socio-economic conditions. This is probably because the municipalities, which are mostly urban areas, have as a group very different socio-economic conditions from those of the regencies. From the correlation and regression analyses used to examine the relationships between fertility level and selected indicators, it was found that the areal differences in fertility in East Java are associated with areal differences in demographic indicators (specifically the percentage of women aged 15-49 who currently married and infant mortality rate) rather than with other indicators. In the regression analysis, the percentage of women aged 15-49 who currently married and the infant mortality rate are able to explain the variation in fertility among the regencies by 38% and 24% respectively. However, TFR and the percentage of women aged 15-49 who currently married were found to have an inverse relationship, contrary to what might be expected. This raises questions about the accuracy of the measures used, and therefore, this study needs to be verified with further research using other types of data and analysis.

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14

Wuryandari, Ganewati. "Human rights in Australian foreign policy, with specific reference to East Timor and Papua." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0041.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis focuses on human rights in Australia’s foreign policy from 1991 to 2004 taking East Timor and Papua as case studies. It encompasses the Paul Keating years (1991 to 1996) as well as John Howard’s three consecutive terms as Prime Minister (from 1996 to 2004). As a consequence of events unfolding in this period of time, the thesis does not consider Australian foreign policy towards East Timor beyond the 1999 referendum that resulted in the separation of East Timor from Indonesia and focuses on Papua until 2004. The primary empirical aim of this thesis is to compare and contrast the two administrations’ approaches and responses to human rights abuses in East Timor and Papua. Drawing upon a variety of theoretical concepts in human rights and foreign policy, this thesis shows that incorporating a concern for human rights in the foreign policy making process is problematic because the promotion of human rights often comes into conflict with other foreign policy objectives . . . The two case studies on human rights abuses in East Timor and Papua reflect the tensions between concepts of realism and idealism in Australian foreign policy. However, the situation of East Timor shows that public pressure is required to balance the disparity of national interest and human rights. The role of public pressure has been largely absent in debates on human rights and foreign policy. While this study focuses on East Timor and Papua as case studies, the discussion of the findings has far reaching implications for Australian foreign policy and international relations, especially concerning the scholarly debate over the place of human rights in foreign policy.

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15

Setyawan, Dwi. "Soil development, plant colonization and landscape function analysis for disturbed lands under natural and assisted rehabilitation." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0117.

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[Truncated abstract] Spontaneous plant growth and soil development occur at disturbed sites with their extent and nature being variously affected by soil fertility status, local climate and topographic conditions. Soil-plant interactions can be diverse and site-specific within a disturbed landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate soil characteristics and landscape indices in relation to natural plant growth and soil development under different conditions and for diverse materials. A comprehensive study has been carried out to evaluate spontaneous soil development and plant colonization on various regolith materials at a railway cutting near Jarrahdale bauxite mine and on various substrates comprising waste rock, weathered regolith and replaced topsoil at Scotia (Norseman, Western Australia) and Kelian (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). At Jarrahdale soil development has occurred slowly over 36 years in relation to morphological changes in surface horizons. Soils at several locations exhibit substantial changes in color, texture and structure. The slow soil development is primarily due to low biomass and litter contributions (˜1 Mg/ha) from colonizing plants (e.g. Dryandra sessilis, Eucalyptus marginata and low shrubs) on the cutting shelf and slow litter decomposition. Nutrient accumulation is up to 5 kg N/ha, and 0.5 kg/ha for P and K. Surface soil samples from Jarrahdale are generally acidic (pH < 5.1) and contain low concentrations of total soil carbon (20 g/kg) and nutrients of total nitrogen (0.73 g/kg), bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (bic-P) (< 2 mg/kg), bic-K (37 mg/kg) and total exchangeable bases (<1.1 cmol/kg, with 24 % base saturation). Soil properties at the Scotia waste dump are mainly associated with alkaline (mean pH = 9) and saline conditions (EC1:5 = 1.01 dS/m). Exchangeable base values are high with average concentrations of exchangeable Ca of 18 cmol/kg and exchangeable Mg of 6 cmol/kg, thus these elements are not a limiting factor for plant nutrition. Patchy plant growth on the waste dump is mostly related to differences in water availability in the arid region and to salinity such that halophytes (saltbushes Maireana and Atriplex) colonize many parts of the waste dump together with some Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species

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16

Hartoyo. "Investing in Children: Study of Rural Families in Indonesia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29793.

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One of the family's responsibilities is to conduct activities of early childhood education and child care which prepare children for further education and human capital development. This study focused on family behavior in allocation of time and income for investment in children. This study used a pre-existing database with a total sample of 301 rural families with one child aged 2-5 years from three villages of Agam (West Sumatera) and two villages of Wonogiri (Central Java). Interviews and testing were conducted at each sample's home. The data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical analyses. Rich and small families invested significantly more time and money in children than poor and large families. Mother's working time, child's age, and family type had negative and significant influence on the amount of time spent on children. The families that devote more time in children spend and invest less money in children. Javanese families in the study invested less money but more time in children, while Minangese families invested more money but less time. The amount of time spent for children had a positive and significant influence on the child's nutritional status, and an insignificant impact on the child's IQ score. Besides the amount of time devoted to children, the child's nutritional status also was influenced by the child's age and gender. Also, the child's IQ score was significantly and positively influenced by the father's education and negatively by family size, family type, and the child's age. Based on the findings, it was apparent that poor families may be continuously trapped in poverty, because of less ability to invest in children. Parental investment in children may lead to better child quality. This study provides evidence that mother's time spent outside the home may lead to less time investment, and less time investment may negatively influence the child's nutritional status. As policy is formulated, non-economic as well as economic aspects should be considered. Additional research is needed to further explore the most appropriate measure of child quality and the variables which influence child quality.
Ph. D.

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17

Situmorang, Mangadar. "Intrastate conflicts and international humanitarian intervention: case studies in Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/822.

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The differences in the international responses to the violent conflicts in East Timor (1998–1999), Maluku (1999–2003) and Aceh (1998–2005) are examined in this research. Given the growing acceptance of the significance of the use of military force for humanitarian purposes, the humanitarian crises in Maluku and Aceh might prima facie have justified humanitarian intervention similar to that in East Timor. By analysing the differences from the Indonesia’s domestic political point of view it is clear that the conscience-shocking situation caused by the violent conflicts was not the compelling factor for the international community to militarily intervene. The deployment of a multinational force in East Timor (INTERFET) was decided only after the UN and foreign major countries believed that such military intervention would not jeopardize the ongoing process of democratization in Indonesia. This suggested that Indonesia’s domestic circumstance was central to whether a similar measure in Maluku and Aceh would take place or not. Due to the reformasi (political reform) in Indonesia within which the independence of East Timor took place, two main changes within Indonesian politics, namely the growing sentiment of anti-international intervention and the continuing democratization process, helped to ensure that humanitarian intervention in the two other regions did not happen.These two conditions were fortified by the increasingly consolidated democratic politics which brought the communal conflict in Maluku to the Malino Peace Agreement. The emergence of a stronger and democratic government in Indonesia, furthermore, made cooperation with the international community possible in seeking a peaceful resolution to the armed conflict in Aceh. By involving the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) agreed to the Helsinki peace agreement and accepted the role of the Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) to secure its implementation. Thus, a strong democratic government made an international military intervention for humanitarian purposes unnecessary.

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18

Situmorang, Mangadar. "Intrastate conflicts and international humanitarian intervention: case studies in Indonesia." Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18582.

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The differences in the international responses to the violent conflicts in East Timor (1998–1999), Maluku (1999–2003) and Aceh (1998–2005) are examined in this research. Given the growing acceptance of the significance of the use of military force for humanitarian purposes, the humanitarian crises in Maluku and Aceh might prima facie have justified humanitarian intervention similar to that in East Timor. By analysing the differences from the Indonesia’s domestic political point of view it is clear that the conscience-shocking situation caused by the violent conflicts was not the compelling factor for the international community to militarily intervene. The deployment of a multinational force in East Timor (INTERFET) was decided only after the UN and foreign major countries believed that such military intervention would not jeopardize the ongoing process of democratization in Indonesia. This suggested that Indonesia’s domestic circumstance was central to whether a similar measure in Maluku and Aceh would take place or not. Due to the reformasi (political reform) in Indonesia within which the independence of East Timor took place, two main changes within Indonesian politics, namely the growing sentiment of anti-international intervention and the continuing democratization process, helped to ensure that humanitarian intervention in the two other regions did not happen.
These two conditions were fortified by the increasingly consolidated democratic politics which brought the communal conflict in Maluku to the Malino Peace Agreement. The emergence of a stronger and democratic government in Indonesia, furthermore, made cooperation with the international community possible in seeking a peaceful resolution to the armed conflict in Aceh. By involving the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) agreed to the Helsinki peace agreement and accepted the role of the Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) to secure its implementation. Thus, a strong democratic government made an international military intervention for humanitarian purposes unnecessary.

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19

Leta, Rafael L. "Role of agricultural extension workers in horticultural agribusiness in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1592.

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Despite the abundance of horticultural crops, farmers in the Nusa Tenggara Timur province of Indonesia (NTT) are still living under poverty level. The Indonesian government has identified agricultural extension workers as a 'point of spear' of agricultural development and given them 12 roles. Horticultural agribusiness would certainty be able to increase farmers' standard of living if agricultural extension workers can perform their roles effectively. However, in 1997, the average production of fruits was only 3.8 tonnes per hectare and 1.9 tonnes per hectare of vegetables. Ashraf (1993) has suggested that inefficiency of agricultural extension workers is one of the reasons why agricultural production does not improve to its full capacity. A study investigating the roles of Agricultural extension workers in horticultural agribusiness in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Indonesia was conducted. Interviews were conducted of 223 farmers, 46 agricultural extension workers and 32 government officers. A literature search suggests this is the first study ever done in Indonesia particularly in NTT which involved farmers, agricultural extension workers and government officers to investigate: 1) what roles were expected of agricultural extension workers by farmers, government officers and agricultural extension workers, 2) the perceptions of these groups about the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers in performing their roles, and 3) factors that impede agricultural extension workers' ability to perform their roles effectively. While the views of the three groups did not coincide, all three expected agricultural extension workers to use examples and demonstrations. All farmers expected agricultural extension workers to deliver extension in the right time.Both farmers and government officers expected agricultural extension workers to increase farmers' knowledge and skills, empower farmers and their group, and to be a part of farmers' community. Meanwhile, the roles of running activities that only deal with the agricultural activities, to support research recommendation, and to be the bridge between farmers and government were expected by government officers and agricultural extension workers. Farmers and agricultural extension workers have the same expectation for agricultural extension workers to transfer programs that suit. farmers' needs and problems, and to bring the programs as promised. The respondents perceptions about the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers in fulfilling their 12 roles were as follows: 1) farmers were dissatisfied with the roles for running plot demonstrations, program planning, using a brochure and running a field school; 2) agricultural extension workers were dissatisfied with the roles of making a brochure, running a field school, and delivering government projects; and 3) government officers were dissatisfied with the roles to encourage farmers' participation, finding and solving farmers' problems, agricultural extension workers as trainers, and running field schools. A Chi-square test found a significant difference between the groups in their perceptions of agricultural extension workers performance of their roles. The eight main constraints that impede agricultural extension workers' ability to perform their roles were the repeated restructuring of the Agricultural Department, low award or salary, lack of training, lack of transport, unclear job direction geographical conditions, lack of authority , and bureaucratic complexity.In conclusion, while the results of this study support the hypothesis that agricultural extension workers are not performing their roles effectively there are a number of reasons for this, many of them beyond the responsibility of agricultural extension workers. A key reason appears to be system failure. While the NTT province is supposedly following the Training and Visit model, very little effective training appears to be taking place and agricultural extension workers lack transport and other facilities to conduct effective visits and demonstrations. Another key deficiency is locally relevant research findings.

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20

Leta, Rafael L. "Role of agricultural extension workers in horticultural agribusiness in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13429.

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Abstract:

Despite the abundance of horticultural crops, farmers in the Nusa Tenggara Timur province of Indonesia (NTT) are still living under poverty level. The Indonesian government has identified agricultural extension workers as a 'point of spear' of agricultural development and given them 12 roles. Horticultural agribusiness would certainty be able to increase farmers' standard of living if agricultural extension workers can perform their roles effectively. However, in 1997, the average production of fruits was only 3.8 tonnes per hectare and 1.9 tonnes per hectare of vegetables. Ashraf (1993) has suggested that inefficiency of agricultural extension workers is one of the reasons why agricultural production does not improve to its full capacity. A study investigating the roles of Agricultural extension workers in horticultural agribusiness in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Indonesia was conducted. Interviews were conducted of 223 farmers, 46 agricultural extension workers and 32 government officers. A literature search suggests this is the first study ever done in Indonesia particularly in NTT which involved farmers, agricultural extension workers and government officers to investigate: 1) what roles were expected of agricultural extension workers by farmers, government officers and agricultural extension workers, 2) the perceptions of these groups about the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers in performing their roles, and 3) factors that impede agricultural extension workers' ability to perform their roles effectively. While the views of the three groups did not coincide, all three expected agricultural extension workers to use examples and demonstrations. All farmers expected agricultural extension workers to deliver extension in the right time.
Both farmers and government officers expected agricultural extension workers to increase farmers' knowledge and skills, empower farmers and their group, and to be a part of farmers' community. Meanwhile, the roles of running activities that only deal with the agricultural activities, to support research recommendation, and to be the bridge between farmers and government were expected by government officers and agricultural extension workers. Farmers and agricultural extension workers have the same expectation for agricultural extension workers to transfer programs that suit. farmers' needs and problems, and to bring the programs as promised. The respondents perceptions about the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers in fulfilling their 12 roles were as follows: 1) farmers were dissatisfied with the roles for running plot demonstrations, program planning, using a brochure and running a field school; 2) agricultural extension workers were dissatisfied with the roles of making a brochure, running a field school, and delivering government projects; and 3) government officers were dissatisfied with the roles to encourage farmers' participation, finding and solving farmers' problems, agricultural extension workers as trainers, and running field schools. A Chi-square test found a significant difference between the groups in their perceptions of agricultural extension workers performance of their roles. The eight main constraints that impede agricultural extension workers' ability to perform their roles were the repeated restructuring of the Agricultural Department, low award or salary, lack of training, lack of transport, unclear job direction geographical conditions, lack of authority , and bureaucratic complexity.
In conclusion, while the results of this study support the hypothesis that agricultural extension workers are not performing their roles effectively there are a number of reasons for this, many of them beyond the responsibility of agricultural extension workers. A key reason appears to be system failure. While the NTT province is supposedly following the Training and Visit model, very little effective training appears to be taking place and agricultural extension workers lack transport and other facilities to conduct effective visits and demonstrations. Another key deficiency is locally relevant research findings.

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21

Samsoedin, Ismayadi. "Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.

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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.

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22

Westaway, Kira E. "Reconstructing the Quaternary landscape evolution and climate history of western Flores an environmental and chronological context for an archaeological site /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070117.170105/index.html.

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23

Wise, Amanda Yvonne. "No longer in exile? : shifting experiences of home, homeland and identity for the East Timorese refugee diaspora in Australia in light of East Timor's independence /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031117.142448/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2002.
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 2002, Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-291).

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24

Lindblad, Elin. "Invisible Children : A Field Study on the Hindrances to Obtain a Birth Certificate in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-284585.

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A birth certificate provides a child with a legal identity, nationality, is a vital action towards child protection and can help a child access social welfare. Worldwide, almost 230 million children under the age of five have not been registered. Other than the vast negative impacts on the child it creates a blind spot in population statistics. Indonesia is one of the countries where the problem is widespread - only 57 percent of the children under the age of five have a birth certificate. In December 2013 a law was ratified in Indonesia, imposing changes in the birth registration process. This paper seeks to explore how the target group of that law, i.e. parents, perceive their possibility to comply with the policy, that is, to obtain a birth certificate for their children. Based on a field study in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, conducting in-depth interviews with 58 parents as well as stakeholders such as policy implementers and NGOs, this thesis will propose that there is a variance in how the policy has been implemented in different regencies. The results indicate that the variance in the implementation, as well as the policy setting prior implementation in each regency, affects the parents’ perceived possibility to comply. In one of the studied regencies the implementation of the policy has affected the parents’ possibility to comply in a critically negative way, increasing the hindrances to obtain a birth certificate. Further, the regency politicians have created forced incentives to comply by making birth certificate mandatory to register for school, creating a vast risk of removing childrens’ access to education.

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25

Hoyle, Maxwell Bruce, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Australia and East Timor: elitism, pragmatism and the national interest." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.110809.

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For over two decades the issue of East Timor's right to self-determination has been a prickly issue in Australian foreign policy. The invasion by Indonesian forces in 1975 was expected, as Australian policy-makers had been well informed of the events leading up to the punitive action being taken. Indeed, prior discussions involving the future of the territory were held between the Australian Prime Minister and the Indonesian President in 1974. In response to the events unfolding in the territory the Australian Labor Government at the time was presented with two policy options for dealing with the issue. The Department of Defence recommended the recognition of an independent East Timor; whereas the Department of Foreign Affairs proposed that Australia disengage itself as far as possible from the issue. The decision had ramifications for future policy considerations especially with changes in government. With the Department of Foreign Affairs option being the prevailing policy what were the essential ingredients that give explanation for the government's choice? It is important to note the existence of the continuity and cyclical nature of attitudes by Labor governments toward Indonesia before and after the invasion. To do so requires an analysis of the influence Doc Evatt had in shaping any possible Labor tradition in foreign policy articulation. The support given by Evatt for the decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) gave rise to the development of a special relationship-so defined. Evidence of the effect Evatt had on future Labor governments may be found in the opinions of Gough Whitlam. In 1975 when he was Prime Minister, Whitlam felt the East Timor issue was merely the finalisation of Indonesia's decolonisation honouring Evatt's long held anti-colonialist tradition existing in the Australian Labor Party. The early predisposition toward Indonesia's cohesiveness surfaced again in the Hawke and Keating Labor governments of later years. It did not vary a great deal with changes in government The on-going commitment to preserving and strengthening the bilateral relationship meant Indonesia's territorial integrity became the focus of the Australian political elites regional foreign policy determinations. The actions taken by policy-makers served to promote the desire for a stable region ahead of independence claims of the East Timorese. From a realist perspective, the security dilemma for Australian policy-makers was how to best promote regional order and stability in the South East Asian region. The desire for regional cohesiveness and stability continues to drive Australian political elites to promote policies that gives a priority to the territorial integrity of regional states. Indonesia, in spite of its diversity, was only ever thought of as a cohesive unitary state and changes to its construct have rarely been countenanced. Australia's political elite justifications for this stance vacillate between strategic and economic considerations, ideological (anti-colonialism) to one of being a pragmatic response to international politics. The political elite argues the projection of power into the region is in Australias national interest. The policies from one government to the next necessarily see the national interest as being an apparent fixed feature of foreign policy. The persistent fear of invasion from the north traditionally motivated Australia's political elite to adopt a strategic realist policy that sought to shore up the stability, strength and unity of Indonesia. The national interest was deemed to be at risk if support for East Timorese independence was given. The national interest though can involve more than just the security issue, and the political elite when dealing with East Timor assumed that they were acting in the common good. Questions that need to be addressed include determining what is the national interest in this context? What is the effect of a government invoking the national interest in debates over issues in foreign policy? And, who should participate in the debate? In an effort to answer these questions an analysis of how the ex-foreign affairs mandarin Richard Woolcott defines the national interest becomes crucial. Clearly, conflict in East Timor did have implications for the national interest. The invasion of East Timor by Indonesia had the potential to damage the relationship, but equally communist successes in 1975 in Indo-China raised Australia's regional security concerns. During the Cold War, the linking of communism to nationalism was driving the decision-making processes of the Australian policy-makers striving to come to grips with the strategic realities of a changing region. Because of this, did the constraints of world politics dominated by Cold War realities combined with domestic political disruption have anything to do with Australia's response? Certainly, Australia itself was experiencing a constitutional crisis in late 1975. The Senate had blocked supply and the Labor Government did not have the funds to govern. The Governor-General by dismissing the Labor Government finally resolved the impasse. What were the reactions of the two men charged with the responsibility of forming the caretaker government toward Indonesia's military action? And, could the crisis have prevented the Australian government from making a different response to the invasion? Importantly, and in terms of economic security, did the knowledge of oil and gas deposits thought to exist in the Timor Sea influence Australia's foreign policy? The search for oil and gas requires a stable political environment in which to operate. Therefore for exploration to continue in the Timor Sea Australia must have had a preferred political option and thoughts of with whom they preferred to negotiate. What was the extent of each government's cooperation and intervention in the oil and gas industry and could any involvement have influenced the Australian political elites attitude toward the prospect of an independent East Timor? Australia's subsequent de jure recognition that East Timor was part of Indonesia paved the way for the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) Treaty signing in 1989. The signing underpinned Australia's acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor. The outcome of the analysis of the issues that shaped Australia's foreign policy toward East Timor showed that the political elite became locked into an integration model, which was defended by successive governments. Moreover, they formed an almost reflexive defence of Indonesia both at the domestic and international level.

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26

Pérez, Guardiola Ana María. "Obra y misión de la Congregación HH. de la Virgen María del Monte Carmelo en Timor Oriental e Indonesia. Vicaría Estrella del Mar (1974-2005)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/25969.

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27

Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' Professional Knowledge Bases for Offshore Education:Two Case Studies of Western Teachers Working in Indonesia." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/.

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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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28

Anggoro, Suryo Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Analysis of the intact stability of Indonesian small open-deck roll-on/roll-off passenger ferries." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44412.

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Small open-deck roll-on/roll-off passenger ferries in Indonesia have a poor safety record. The Indonesian Government is interested in means by which the safety of these vessels can be improved, and this was the main catalyst for commencing research in this area. Any solution should be capable of being retrofitted to both existing vessels and new designs to improve their stability and, hence, their safety. The research therefore focused on the intact stability of the bare hulls, and with addition of side casings, for the vessels for which data was made available by the Indonesian Government. The research covered both quasi-static analysis, based on the objective of meeting the IMO intact stability criteria, and a dynamic approach using time-domain simulation in regular beam waves. A parametric study of the stability parameters of the twenty vessels demonstrated that, without the presence of side casings, the vessels had difficulties in complying with the IMO intact stability criteria. The problems were solved by introducing side casings (watertight spaces above the vehicle deck) either inboard of the vessels side-shell plating, or partially inboard and partially outboard of the side shell. The minimum extent (breadth) of side casings required was determined by iteration on each of the twenty vessels, incorporating variations in the height of the centre of gravity and loading conditions. The implementation of the minimum side casings showed that each vessel then met the IMO intact stability criteria. However, the assessment of the vessels dynamic stability characteristics using time-domain simulation provided inconsistent results for these vessels with side casings which met the IMO intact stability criteria. For some particular conditions, the existence and the different forms of side casings could decrease vessel survivability by increasing the roll motion amplitudes for both inside and outside casings and could lead the vessel to capsize. The results of the dynamic stability analysis also confirmed the vulnerability of small vessels with small stability parameters to large waves, and the different roll seakeeping behavior of the different vessel stability parameters.

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29

Exley, Beryl E. "Teachers' Professional Knowledge Bases for Offshore Education: Two case studies of Western teachers working in Indonesia." Thesis, QUT, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/2699/1/2699_01front.pdf.

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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as ‘New Times’ (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers’ professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers’ knowledge of their own and students’ pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers’ knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semi-structured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers’ descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers’ professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students’ pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers’ pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students’ or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners’ needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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30

Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' professional knowledge bases for offshore education : two case studies of western teachers working in Indonesia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/1/Beryl_Exley_Thesis.pdf.

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Abstract:

This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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31

Kilcullen, David J. Politics Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The political consequences of military operations in Indonesia 1945-99 : a fieldwork analysis of the political power-diffusion effects of guerilla conflict." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Politics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38709.

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Problem Investigated. This dissertation is a study of the political effects of low-intensity warfare in Indonesia since 1945. In particular, it examines the interaction between general principles and contextual variables in guerrilla conflict, to determine whether such conflict causes the diffusion of political power. Analysis of insurgent movements indicates that power structures within a guerrilla group tend to be regionalised, diffuse and based on multiple centres of roughly equal authority. Conversely, studies of counter-insurgency (COIN) techniques indicate that successful COIN depends on effective political control over the local population. This tends to be exercised by regional or local military commanders rather than by central authority. Based on this, the author???s initial analysis indicated that one should expect to see a diffusion of political authority from central leaders (whether civilian or military) to regional military leaders, when a society is engaged in the conduct of either COIN or guerrilla warfare. The problem investigated in this dissertation can therefore be stated thus: To what extent, at which levels of analysis and subject to what influencing factors does low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 demonstrate a political power-diffusion effect? Procedures Followed. The procedure followed was a diachronic, qualitative, fieldwork-based analysis of two principle case studies: the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-1962 and the campaign in East Timor 1974-1999. Principle research tools were: ??? Semi-structured, formal, informal and group interviews. ??? Analysis of official and private archives in Australia, Indonesia, the Netherlands and the UK. ??? Participant observation using anthropological fieldwork techniques. ??? Geographical analysis using transects, basemapping and overhead imagery. ??? Demographic analysis using historical data, cartographic records and surveys. Research was conducted in Australia, Indonesia (Jakarta and Bandung), the Netherlands (The Hague and Amsterdam) and the United Kingdom (London, Winchester, Salisbury and Warminster). Fieldwork was conducted over three periods in West Java (1994, 1995 and 1996) and one period in East Timor (1999-2000). General Results Obtained. The two principal case studies were the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-62 and the campaign in East Timor since 1974. The fieldwork data showed that low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 did indeed demonstrate the political power-diffusion effect posited by the author. This effect was triggered by the outbreak of guerrilla warfare, which itself flowed from crises generated by processes of modernisation and change within Indonesian society from traditional hierarchies to modern forms of social organisation. These crises were also affected by events at the systemic and regional levels of analysis ??? the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies by Japan, the Cold War, the Asian financial crisis and increasing economic and media globalisation. They resulted in a breakdown or weakening of formal power structures, allowing informal power structures to dominate. This in turn allowed local elites with economic, social or religious influence and with coercive power over the population, to develop political and military power at the local level while being subject to little control from higher levels. This process, then, represented a power diffusion from central and civilian leadership levels to local leaders with coercive means ??? most often military or insurgent leaders. Having been triggered by guerrilla operations, however, the direction and process by which such power diffusion operated was heavily influenced by contextual variables, of which the most important were geographical factors, political culture, traditional authority structures and the interaction of external variables at different levels of analysis. Topographical isolation, poor infrastructure, severe terrain, scattered population groupings and strong influence by traditional hierarchies tend to accelerate and exacerbate the loss of central control. Conversely good infrastructure, large population centres, good communications and a high degree of influence by nation-state and systemic levels of analysis ??? particularly through economic and governmental institutionalisation ??? tend to slow such diffusion. Moreover, while power may be diffusing at one level of analysis (e.g. nation-state) it may be centralising at another (e.g. into the hands of military leaders at local level). Analysis of the Malayan Emergency indicates that, in a comparable non-Indonesian historical example, the same general tendency to political power diffusion was evident and that the same broad contextual variables mediated it. However, it would be premature to conclude that the process observed in Indonesia is generally applicable. The nature and relative importance of contextual factors is likely to vary between examples and hence additional research on non-Indonesian examples would be necessary before such a conclusion could be drawn. Further research on a current instance of guerrilla operations in Indonesia is also essential before the broader contemporary applicability of these findings can be reliably demonstrated. Major Conclusions Reached. Based on the above, the theses developed to answer the initial problem can be stated thus: The command and control (C2) structures inherent in traditional, dispersed rural guerrilla movements that lack access to mass media or electronic communications tend to lessen the degree of control by central (military or political) leaders over regional leaders. If COIN or Internal Security Operations are conducted, two factors will operate. First, there will be an increase in the degree of control over the civil population by local military leaders, at the expense of local or central political leaders. Second, where military command structures are pyramidal or segmentary, there will be an increase in control by local commanders at the expense of central military leaders. Where the central government is civilian or has interests divergent from the military???s, the first of these factors will dominate. Where the government is military or has interests largely identical to those of the military, the second factor will be dominant. The process of power diffusion can thus be summarised as follows: A crisis driven by processes of societal change or by external causes, leads to the outbreak of violence, one facet of which may include guerrilla operations. If guerrilla operations do occur, the C2 structures inherent in such operations give a high degree of autonomy and independence to local military leaders. The same (or a contemporaneous) crisis produces a breakdown of formal power structures, causing organisations to fall back upon informal power structures. The nature of these informal power structures is determined by geography, political culture, patterns of traditional authority within the society and the degree of interaction of systemic/regional factors with local events. Thus the guerrilla operations and the concomitant breakdown in formal power structures form the trigger for political power diffusion. The precise nature and progress of this diffusion is then determined by contextual variables.

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Atmadipoera, Agus. "Indonesian throughflow water in the major outflow straits(Lombok, Ombai, Timor) : from instant data and numerical model." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066325.

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Ce travail se concentre sur une région clef de la circulation océanique globale avec le passage des eaux du Pacifique tropical dans l’Océan Indien à travers l’archipel indonésien, l’ « Indonesian throughflow (ITF) ». Cette région a été l’objet d’une coopération internationale d’envergure, INSTANT1, entre l’Indonésie, la France, les Pays-Bas, les USA et l’Australie. Une quantité importante de nouvelles données de courant, de température et de salinité ont été recueillies à cette occasion pendant les campagnes océanographiques auxquelles j’ai participé. Ma thèse analyse ces données pour étudier la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des « Indonesian Throughflow Water (ITW) », à leur sortie dans l’Océan Indien. Les données sont analysées en utilisant les sorties du modèle ORCA du LOCEAN afin de compléter les lacunes temporelles et spatiales inévitables des mesures. Il est démontré dans une première partie l’importance des eaux peu salées et plus chaude de la mer de Java qui modifient les eaux superficielles provenant du détroit de Makassar. Les caractéristiques de ces eaux affectent ensuite les eaux plus profondes par mélanges verticaux dus aux fortes marées dans la région au cours de la progression de l’ITF vers l’est de la Mer de Florès aux détroits de sortie vers l’Océan Indien. L’ITW apparaît le plus chaud et le moins salé dans la thermocline depuis la période de transition, avril-juin jusqu’à la mousson de sud-est, juillet-septembre. La deuxième partie s’intéresse au plateau continental australien, le Sahul, où il est montré que l’apport d’eau salée provenant de l’Océan Indien pendant la mousson de nord ouest contribue pour 12% du transport total à Timor dans les premier 318m, en moyenne annuelle et peut représenter 40% du transport de l’ITF à travers le passage pendant la mousson de nord ouest. La troisième partie tente d’expliquer la présence d’un courant profond au dessus du seuil du passage de Timor par la propagation d’ondes de Kelvin excitées dans l’Océan tropical Indien par des coups de vent d’ouest et piégées le long de la côte indonésienne. Ces ondes se propagent vers le sud et pénètrent dans les mers indonésiennes à travers les détroits ouverts sur l’Océan Indien et seule la partie profonde de ces ondes atteignent le seuil du passage de Timor. Ce courant en va-et-vient intéresse les eaux profondes et a une moyenne non nulle vers le bassin de Timor dont la topographie interdit la sortie vers les mers indonésiennes. Un courant vertical doit donc exister, produit par des mélanges verticaux.

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Pietsch, Samuel, and sam pietsch@gmail com. "Australia's military intervention in East Timor, 1999." The Australian National University. School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091214.122004.

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This thesis argues that the Australian military intervention in East Timor in 1999 was motivated primarily by the need to defend Australias own strategic interests. It was an act of Australian imperialism understood from a Marxist perspective, and was consistent with longstanding strategic policy in the region.¶ Australian policy makers have long been concerned about the security threat posed by a small and weak neighbouring state in the territory of East Timor. This led to the deployment of Australian troops to the territory in World War Two. In 1974 Australia supported Indonesias invasion of the territory in order to prevent it from becoming a strategic liability in the context of Cold War geopolitics. But, as an indirect result of the Asian financial crisis, by September 1999 the Indonesian governments control over the territory had become untenable. Indonesias political upheaval also raised the spectre of the Balkanisation of the Indonesian archipelago, and East Timor thus became the focal point for Australian fears about an arc of instability that arose in this period.¶ Australias insertion of military forces into East Timor in 1999 served its own strategic priorities by ensuring an orderly transfer of sovereignty took place, avoiding a destabilising power vacuum as the country transitioned to independence. It also guaranteed that Australias economic and strategic interests in the new nation could not be ignored by the United Nations or the East Timorese themselves. There are therefore underlying consistencies in Australias policy on East Timor stretching back several decades. Despite changing contexts, and hence radically different policy responses, Australia acted throughout this time to prevent political and strategic instability in East Timor.¶ In addition, the intervention reinforced Australias standing as a major power in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. The 1999 deployment therefore helped facilitate a string of subsequent Australian interventions in Pacific island nations, both by providing a model for action and by building a public consensus in favour of the use of military intervention as a policy tool.¶ This interpretation of events challenges the consensus among existing academic accounts. Australias support of Indonesias invasion and occupation of East Timor from 1974 was frequently criticised as favouring realpolitik over ethical considerations. But the 1999 intervention, which ostensibly ended severe violence and secured national independence for the territory, drew widespread support, both from the public and academic commentators. It has generally been seen as a break with previous Australian policy, and as driven by political forces outside the normal foreign policy process. Moreover, it has been almost universally regarded as a triumph for moral conduct in international affairs, and even as a redemptive moment for the Australian national conscience. Viewing the intervention as part of the longstanding strategy of Australian imperialism casts doubt on such positive evaluations.

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Roosmawati, Nova. "Long-Term Surface Uplift History of the Active Banda Arc-Continent Collision: Depth and Age Analysis of Foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd887.pdf.

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Gagliato, Márcio. "Timor-Leste e a ocupação Indonésia: a religião como operador de resistência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17300.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Gagliato.pdf: 499231 bytes, checksum: f4037683dc9b7914079dc57ad8d6c9b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-13
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
As one of the results of author s experiences in Timor Leste, during 2004 and 2005, this work is product of his interest to identify the psychosocial meaning of modalities of resistance existed during Indonesian occupation period. This research s objective is to explore, by electing one of the cultural figuration the religious scenario postindependence East Timor, its social transformations, singular and collective transformations that happened in such country while Indonesian occupation. The religion choice is justified, among other reasons, by information that before the Indonesian occupation, in 1975, less than one third of Timorese population declared themselves as Catholic and, after the 1999 referendum, more than 90% of the population asserted being part of Catholic religion. Seeking to comprehend the meaning of such figuration, we can consider, among other authors, studies of Geertz (1978), Freud (1988), Magalhães (1983, 1990, 1999), Smythe (2004) and from testimonials of its own author and other subjective representatives, as Xanana Gusmão and Dom Basílio do Nascimento, it intended to better understand the religion figuration in East Timor as resistance operator. It was observed that, before physical and cultural systematic carnage placed by occupants, a new religious configuration was created in East Timor as a powerful, fundamental political, cultural and social resistance ally. It evidenced how this new religious scenario, major Catholic, was constituted, mainly, because of support, aid and defense which Timorese population found in East Timor Catholic Church, only not related to political resistance, but also regarding social, cultural and even religious resistance, since population, being catholic, found in Church a way to preserve the transmission of animist traditional Timorese religiosity. This religious amalgam constitutes a religiosity of Catholic and traditional-animist practices, as well, in this sense, creating a syncretism of rhythms and symbols religious syncretism. It was relevant to point out that Church support was not the whole time unanimous, however that, sometimes, Catholic Church of East Timor, Australia, Indonesia, Portugal and from Vatican had divergent positions regarding that occupation. The final results of this research showed the power of Timorese culture and the religion function as operator of resistance by the means of political-cultural relation, ergo, psychosocial
Como um dos resultados das experiências vividas pelo autor no Timor-Leste, entre os anos de 2004 e 2005, este trabalho é fruto de seu interesse em identificar o significado psicossocial das modalidades de resistência figuradas em Timor-Leste durante o período de ocupação Indonésia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi abordar, por meio da eleição de uma modalidade de figuração cultural o cenário religioso o Timor-Leste pós-independência, suas transformações sociais, as transformações culturais coletivas e singulares que se processaram nesse país atravessado pela ocupação indonésia. A escolha da religião se justifica, entre outros motivos, pela informação de que antes da ocupação indonésia, em 1975, menos de um terço da população timorense se declarava católica e, após o referendo de 1999, mais de 90% da população afirmaram pertencer à religião Católica. Procurando compreender o significado de tal figuração cultural, consideramos, entre outros autores, os estudos de Geertz (1978), Freud (1988), Magalhães (1983, 1990, 1999), Smythe (2004) e a partir, principalmente, de testemunhos do próprio autor deste trabalho e de outros sujeitos representativos, como Xanana Gusmão e Dom Basílio do Nascimento, pretendeu-se conhecer melhor a figuração da religião no Timor-Leste como operador de resistência. Observou-se que, diante do sistemático massacre físico e cultural empregado pelos ocupantes, uma nova configuração religiosa se constituiu em Timor-Leste como um poderoso e fundamental operador político, social e cultural de resistência. Evidenciou-se desta maneira, esse novo cenário religioso de maioria Católica que se constituiu, principalmente, em virtude do amparo, assistência e defesa que a população de Timor-Leste encontrou na Igreja Católica do Timor-Leste, não só no aspecto de resistência política, mas de resistência social, cultural e até religiosa, já que também a população, tornando-se Católica, encontrou na Igreja uma maneira de preservar a transmissão e herança da religiosidade tradicional-animista timorense. Esse amálgama religioso constituiu uma religiosidade de práticas tanto Católicas quanto Tradicional-animistas, constituindo, assim, um sincretismo de ritos e símbolos sincretismo religioso. Foi relevante apontar que o apoio da Igreja Católica não foi unânime todo o tempo, mas que, muitas vezes, a Igreja Católica de Timor-Leste, Indonésia, Austrália, Portugal e do Vaticano exerciam posições divergentes em relação à ocupação. O resultado final dessa pesquisa mostrou a força da cultura timorense e a função da religião como operador de resistência por meio da relação político-cultural, logo, psicossocial

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Suwardi, Eko. "Exploring the relationship between market values and accounting numbers of firms listed in an emerging market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15986/1/Eko_Suwardi_Thesis.pdf.

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Studies of the relationship between market values and accounting numbers have long been a part of an established theme in capital markets research (CMR). These studies have taken various forms, most being conducted on a cross sectional basis, tied closely with the assumptions of equilibrium behaviour and efficient markets. Explanatory variables for market value have been dominated by firm-specific variables without incorporating macroeconomic variables. Recently, however, some studies have employed macroeconomic variables and dynamic specification in assessing the relationship between market values and accounting numbers (e.g. Bilson et al. 2001, Nissim and Penman, 2003, and Willett, 2003). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between share prices and accounting numbers on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period 1992-2002, using dynamic modelling principles in addition to the more usual cross sectional analysis. The approach to regression modelling (general-to-specific strategy)incorporated in this thesis relies less heavily than most CMR on prior economic theories of equilibrium behaviour. Apart from these novel aspects of approach and method, the study also provides valuable information about the emerging financial markets of Indonesia. The results of this thesis show that cointegration and the accompanying equilibrium correction relationship between market and book values for firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) can often be identified using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The models are typically more informative, plausible and consistent than cross sectional models and are useful in interpreting the context in which the market to book relationship exists in Indonesia. A possibly surprising result is that in Indonesia, compared to similar models estimated using US data, the book value of net assets seems to have a stronger relationship with market value. This may be a function of the relative importance of financial statements as a source of information on the JSX.

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Suwardi, Eko. "Exploring the relationship between market values and accounting numbers of firms listed in an emerging market." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15986/.

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Studies of the relationship between market values and accounting numbers have long been a part of an established theme in capital markets research (CMR). These studies have taken various forms, most being conducted on a cross sectional basis, tied closely with the assumptions of equilibrium behaviour and efficient markets. Explanatory variables for market value have been dominated by firm-specific variables without incorporating macroeconomic variables. Recently, however, some studies have employed macroeconomic variables and dynamic specification in assessing the relationship between market values and accounting numbers (e.g. Bilson et al. 2001, Nissim and Penman, 2003, and Willett, 2003). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between share prices and accounting numbers on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period 1992-2002, using dynamic modelling principles in addition to the more usual cross sectional analysis. The approach to regression modelling (general-to-specific strategy)incorporated in this thesis relies less heavily than most CMR on prior economic theories of equilibrium behaviour. Apart from these novel aspects of approach and method, the study also provides valuable information about the emerging financial markets of Indonesia. The results of this thesis show that cointegration and the accompanying equilibrium correction relationship between market and book values for firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) can often be identified using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The models are typically more informative, plausible and consistent than cross sectional models and are useful in interpreting the context in which the market to book relationship exists in Indonesia. A possibly surprising result is that in Indonesia, compared to similar models estimated using US data, the book value of net assets seems to have a stronger relationship with market value. This may be a function of the relative importance of financial statements as a source of information on the JSX.

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Farreras, Morlanes Teresa. "East Timorese ethno-nationalism: search for an identity - cultural and political self-determination." Phd thesis, University of Queensland, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/267386.

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This thesis is an examination of the development of ethnic, cultural and national identity among the East Timor people reaching Australia after the East Timor civil war of August 1975 . In the introduction I argue that ethnic and national identity, or ethno-nationalism, is not a natural phenomenon and that it can emerge at any moment in time owing to specific historical, socio-economic or political circumstances. I argue that during the 1974-1975 period the Portuguese- Timorese mestieo (racially mixed) elite of East Timer, principally those of Dili, of which the refugees are representative, began developing specific ethnic and nationalist ideologies in response to new political circumstances offering the people the opportunity to assert an all-embracing East Timorese identity. The chapters which follow present data and analysis in support of the initial argument and are directed to show that a combination of theoretical approaches offer a better rationale for the understanding of identity creation and development. In Chapters 2 and 3 I describe the refugees' historical, socio-economic and political background and assert that history is important for an understanding of the selective representation of myths, symbols, ideologies and instrumental tactics. In Chapters 4, 5 and 6 I examine the development of III identity against the interplay of social order, power and conflict. I direct the analysis towards the notion of negotiation of an identity within global and local political and social parameters. I examine political issues, contextual problems, personal and group motives and the re-creation and presentation of symbols, myths, ideas and beliefs. Chapter 7 shows how the search for the legitimization of an identity and political claims by nationalist individuals and the group are directed by the intelligentsia 1 s manipulation through the artistic media of specific nationalist ideologies aimed at resolving the problems of the present. In Chapter 8 I discuss the role of the Catholic Church in the politics of identity building, its position in relation to the people's demands of historical and cultural obligations, the dilemmas experienced by the Church in the face of its own tenets and the institutionalized order, and the people's teleological use of religion as techniques of political resistance. I conclude by reasserting that refugee populations such as the East Timorese in having to re-stablish their lives in an alien context would normally strive to function socially according to their perceptions of priority needs, creating in the process new subjective understandings. I stress that this also demonstrates that it is paramount to direct the analysis of ethno-nationalism through a combination of diverse theoretical approaches and that in this form one can better understand the whole set of the people's strategies for identity survival.

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Askland, Hedda Haugen. "Young East Timorese in Australia: Becoming Part of a New Culture and the Impact of Refugee Experiences on Identity and Belonging." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25016.

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In 1975 Indonesian forces invaded Dili, the capital of East Timor. The invasion and ensuing occupation forced thousands of East Timorese to leave their homes and seek refuge in Australia and other countries. This study considers the situation of a particular group of East Timorese refugees: those who fled to Australia during the 1990s and who were children or young adolescents at the time of their flight. Founded upon an understanding of social identity as being constantly transformed though a dialectic relation between the individual and his or her sociocultural surroundings, this dissertation considers the consequences of refugee experiences on individual identity and belonging, as well as the processes of conceptualising self and negotiating identity within changing social and cultural structures. The relationship between conflict and flight, resettlement, acculturation, identity and attachment is explored, and particular attention is given to issues of socialisation and categorisation, age and agency, hybridity, and ambiguity. Through a qualitative anthropological methodology informed by theories of cultural identity, adolescence and cross-cultural socialisation, the thesis seeks to shed light on the various dynamics that have influenced the young East Timorese people’s identity and sense of belonging, and considers the impact of acculturation and socialisation into a new culture at a critical period of the young people’s lives.
Masters Thesis

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Askland, Hedda Haugen. "Young East Timorese in Australia becoming part of a new culture and the impact of refugee experiences on identity and belonging /." Diss., Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25016.

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In 1975 Indonesian forces invaded Dili, the capital of East Timor. The invasion and ensuing occupation forced thousands of East Timorese to leave their homes and seek refuge in Australia and other countries. This study considers the situation of a particular group of East Timorese refugees: those who fled to Australia during the 1990s and who were children or young adolescents at the time of their flight. Founded upon an understanding of social identity as being constantly transformed though a dialectic relation between the individual and his or her sociocultural surroundings, this dissertation considers the consequences of refugee experiences on individual identity and belonging, as well as the processes of conceptualising self and negotiating identity within changing social and cultural structures. The relationship between conflict and flight, resettlement, acculturation, identity and attachment is explored, and particular attention is given to issues of socialisation and categorisation, age and agency, hybridity, and ambiguity. Through a qualitative anthropological methodology informed by theories of cultural identity, adolescence and cross-cultural socialisation, the thesis seeks to shed light on the various dynamics that have influenced the young East Timorese people’s identity and sense of belonging, and considers the impact of acculturation and socialisation into a new culture at a critical period of the young people’s lives.
Masters Thesis

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Henriques, Isabel Margarida dos Santos. "Crescimento demográfico no desenvolvimento económico de Timor-Leste." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6219.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Esta dissertação pretende demostrar o impacto da demografia no desenvolvimento de um país, tendo como base o continente asiático e as suas regiões, nomeadamente, a Ásia Meridional, Oriental e o Sudeste Asiático entre 1975 e 2010. Os países mais populosos do mundo - China e Índia - serão analisados de forma breve, enquanto a Indonésia terá um maior destaque devido à história que a liga a Timor-Leste, o país que será estudado com maior enfoque. Nesta tese serão apresentadas as diversas teorias do pensamento sobre o impacto da demografia no desenvolvimento de um país. Como exemplos será efectuada uma análise da China, Índia, Indonésia e Timor-Leste. O estudo feito para cada um destes países será baseado em vários indicadores populacionais, de saúde materna e políticas de planeamento familiar. Timor-Leste será alvo de maior enfoque, pretendendo-se enunciar as suas singularidades, apresentar razões que expliquem a sua conduta atípica no continente asiático e recomendar possíveis caminhos para o desenvolvimento deste país.
This thesis intends to demonstrate the demographic impact on a country’s development, based on the Asian continent and its regions, namely, Southern Asia, Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia, between the years 1975 and 2010. The most populous countries in the world – China and India – will be briefly analyzed while Indonesia will have a major prominence due to his linked history with Timor-Leste, the country that will be the main focus of the study. On this thesis, it will be presented the different theories about the impact of the demography on a country’s development. The examples given will be several countries: China, India, Indonesia and Timor-Leste. The research for each of these countries will be based on demographic indicators, maternal care and family planning programmes. Timor-Leste will be the main focus of the study as it’s intended to prove its singularities, to present the reasons that explain its atypical behaviour on the Asian continent and also to recommend possible pathways for this country’s development.

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Gellert, Paul K. "Timber extraction and state-led industrialization in Kalimantan, Indonesia." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26584849.html.

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Sabastian, Gerhard Eli. "Enhancing the sustainability of smallholder timber production systems in the Gunungkidul region, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150683.

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Smallholder farmers who grow trees as part of their farm enterprise face many challenges in optimising returns from their farming systems. This research evaluates a range of silvicultural options that can be applied by smallholders in central Java, Indonesia, in their integrated tree and crop growing systems. The research was conducted in the Gunungkidul region, where planting timber trees on smallscale farms has been promoted as a way to restore degraded farmland and produce forest products for household consumption and commercial markets. Corresponding to the decline in the natural forests of Gunungkidul, the demand and prices for timber has increased, leading to perceptions that farm-based forestry could be an important enterprise for smallholders. However, the typical silvicultural practices applied by farmers result in low levels of production and quality, severely restricting the profitability of teak-based forestry. This research contributes to a better understanding of the context of the farming and forestry systems developed by smallholders in Gunungkidul, and how changes to silvicultural practices could improve the returns to smallholders from timber-based forestry. This research revealed both on-farm and off-farm income, and the total farm area, affect the farming and forestry systems. Farmers with a higher income and larger farm area were more likely to adopt smallholder timber production systems. The research also analysed the effects of tree and site quality factors on tree growth, with results indicating that teak (Tectona grandis) and acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) grew faster on steeper slopes, while mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) grew best on slight slopes. Acacia grew best where soil Cation Exchange Capacity and bulk density were lower, and mahogany and acacia grew better under lower annual rainfall conditions. Functional Branch Analysis allometric calculations were used to estimate above-ground biomass for teak, mahogany and acacia trees, using models that were consistent with the common tree size and branching patterns for these species. Validation was good for total above-ground biomass, but need further refinement for the branch and twig components. Using the WaNuLCAS model, the research evaluated the feasibility of different silvicultural systems for mixed teak and acacia planting with a maize intercrop. Treatments that combined a wide initial spacing at 4 metres x 4 metres, light pruning of branches (40% of total stem height) and heavy thinning (75% of all standing trees removed) produced the largest diameter and highest timber volume for teak, and also highest net profits and returns on labour. The thesis concludes with a synthesis of the implications of these results for Indonesian smallholders seeking to optimise the performance of tree crops as part of their farming system, and for further research to support this.

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Prempeh, Yvonne Afua Brehene. "Non-timber forest products, trade policies and the conservation of forest resources in South Sulawesi the case of rattan /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34782156.html.

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Adiwinata, Nawir Ani. "Strategies to enhance small-scale commercial tree-growing inside state forests in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155648.

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Wood supply shortages are evident in Indonesia's forestry sector in both high-value products, and commodity products, such as pulpwood. Small-scale tree-growing can fill some of these gaps, while enhancing local livelihoods. Focussing on degraded forest area, much of the potential land on which small-scale commercial tree growing can take place is inside state forests. Two current schemes in this context are the community forestry (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) and community-company partnership (Kemitraan) schemes. This research seeks to inform policies to enhance the implementation of small-scale commercial tree growing inside state forests by addressing four research questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two current schemes? 2. What are the benefits and costs, in both social and economic terms, of the two existing schemes in comparison to other investment options using the same lands? 3. How does this analysis suggest policies and schemes to promote small-scale commercial tree-growing in Indonesia should be designed? 4. How does this information and analysis inform decision makers on the potential contribution of timber from small-scale commercial tree growing to the wood production strategies in Indonesia? Questions 1 to 3 were addressed by analysing case studies relating to community tree-growing in the Sumbawa and Bima Districts (West Nusa Tenggara), and to the community-company partnership in Jambi (Sumatra) and Sanggau (West Kalimantan). Question 4 was addressed through a desktop analysis of demand and supply data and projections. Both schemes were developed initially to reinforce the status of state property suffering from encroachment and illegal logging. Despite their effectiveness in containing these pressures, the active involvement of the community under the two schemes remains a last option for communities, in part because of actual and transaction costs. Developing tree-growing inside state forests is complicated in comparison to tree-growing that is more commonly developed on privately-owned land. The commercial viability of these schemes has generally been unconvincing, and financial analyses suggest the conditions in which these schemes are likely to be sustainable. Social capital from the collaborative arrangements under the two schemes has allowed community access to state forests and to benefits from timber plantations, as well as a way to generate other capitals required. Wider implementation of the schemes is hampered by inconsistencies between policies and regulations in force at the national and district levels. The national policy is more important to partnership schemes, since it provides secure access and flexible management opportunities, whilst the regional autonomy exercised by the district government has provided advantages for community tree-growing. Increasing the competitiveness of returns from tree growing compared to other investment alternatives should be achieved by increasing timber productivity to the optimum level. Analysis at the national level suggests that there is a large and continuing gap between industry capacity and wood supply from Indonesia's forests. Scenario analysis suggests that the different smallholder tree-growing schemes can contribute a wood supply that is many orders of magnitude greater than the industry requirements.

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Nugroho, Nunung Puji. "Landscape scale carbon stock assessment of tropical peat swamp forests using an integrated field measurement and remote sensing technique : a case study in pt diamond raya timber, Rokan Hilir district, Riau province, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151017.

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Indonesia's tropical peatland ecosystems constitute one of the largest terrestrial carbon pools in the world. However, anthropogenic and natural disturbances can convert the peatland ecosystems' status from carbon sinks and stores to sources. Huge amounts of carbon are released to the atmosphere as CO2 through peat decomposition and fire. When these emissions are taken into account, Indonesia became one of the largest CO2 emitter worldwide. Despite their significant role in the global climate change, tropical peatland ecosystems (particularly peat swamp forests) are inadequately studied. Thus, the main objectives of this research are to fill the gap in knowledge regarding peat swamp forests and to develop a practical framework for assessing carbon stock at landscape level in peat swamp forests under an active logging company. Site-specific allometric equations for above-ground biomass and carbon (AGB and AGC) were developed based on 51 and 31 destructively sampled trees, respectively, and the results were compared to the published equations commonly used in the tropical forest biomass studies. The carbon fraction used to develop AGC equations were analysed based on 362 subsamples from 31 sampled trees using the Walkley-Black method. The relationship between total tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were constructed based on 286 sampled trees using linearized and non-linear functions. A total of 150 measurement plots were used to analyse the impacts of selective logging on forest community composition, structure and biomass. The stand attributes comparison between logged and unlogged plots was conducted using non-parametric tests. The landscape level carbon stock estimates were calculated based on a published biomass-backscatter algorithm and ALOS-PALSAR images. The results indicated that the developed site-specific allometric equations have determination coefficient of greater than 95%. The model which used DBH, H and wood density has the best performance, thus is recommended when reliable data on these variables are available. The site-specific outperformed the published equations in estimating AGB and AGC. The non-linear function provided better H-D models than the linearized function based on the statistical parameters and the biological criteria with the fit index of ~91% and the standard error of 3.6 m. The model based on the modified logistic function is recommended. The species composition, structure and biomass between selectively logged and unlogged forest plots were statistically significantly different, but there are indications that the differences decrease with time since harvest. The generated landscape level AGB map depicts logically the spatial pattern of AGB density distribution, thus is useful for management purposes, particularly in allocating the resources efficiently for further ground-based investigations. The landscape level AGB per ha ranged from 12.5 to 390.6 t with an average of 213.4 t. The carbon fraction obtained in this study was 0.473, which was slightly lower than the generic value of 0.5. Despite the limitations, this study has provided a practical framework for assessing carbon stocks and the impacts of selective logging at the landscape level.

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Susilawati, Depi. "Regulating the journey of timber: legality and sustainability governance in Indonesian wood value chains." Phd thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/264203.

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Illegal logging and the trade in illegal timber are significant contributors to deforestation and forest degradation in the Global South. Both public and private forest governance initiatives have emerged to address these problems, internationally and nationally. In Indonesia, a Timber Legality Verification System (in Bahasa, Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu - SVLK) was introduced in 2009 in conjunction with negotiations on a Voluntary Partnership Agreement under the European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (EU FLEGT). SVLK requires all wood in Indonesian value chains to be legally harvested, transported, processed, and traded. SVLK comprises sustainability (PHPL) and legality (VLK) standards. This thesis explores the architecture and implementation of SVLK, actors' compliance with SVLK, and implications of the results for forest governance in Indonesia. It draws on the concepts of transnational experimentalist regimes, smart regulation, holistic compliance, and interactions between public and private governance; and uses a value chain framework to structure case study value chains representing the different forest resources bases in Indonesia, viz. natural, plantation, and private smallholder forests. Around two months of value chain mapping, field observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted for each case; these were complemented by literature review, and analysis of audit reports and policy documents. The results show that some elements of the architecture and implementation of SVLK at each stage of the value chain worked well, but others did not. Sustainability and legality standards are assessed inconsistently and less emphasis on field performance, and provide no incentive for continuous improvement; inadequacies in the wood traceability system may allow illegal wood to be included into value chains; and witness auditing and independent monitoring are inadequate. In the natural forest and tree plantation concession cases, sustainability assessment was problematic in various respects, and less rigorous than that under voluntary forest certification. In the plantation case, other reports suggested SVLK assessments had not identified significant sustainability issues. In the smallholder case, there was evidence of non-compliance - in the forms of wood legalisation and illegalisation - at various stages of the value chains. Nevertheless, results suggest that SVLK has been successful in fostering legality compliance, primarily in the value chains dominated by large-scale actors. This outcome is consistent with previous studies of both regulatory and voluntary systems, and reiterates the challenges for small-scale actors. However, the non-compliant elements of smallholder-based value chains are largely administrative, and have little adverse environmental or social impact. This is not necessarily the case for the natural forest and plantation-based value chains, where the limitations of SVLK architecture and implementation, and of actor compliance, appear to be associated with adverse environmental or social impacts. The results are consistent with those of other studies of SVLK as an element of the transnational experimentalist timber legality regime, of the interplay between mandatory and voluntary instruments, of smart regulation, and of actors' compliance. While SVLK has been successful in enhancing stakeholders' participation, and in fostering the legality of wood products, primarily those directed to international markets, it is not improving the sustainability of forest management to the extent it could. Nor SVLK is designed to address other long-standing underlying challenges in Indonesia's forestry sector, such as corruption and tenurial conflict. Therefore, refining elements of each of the architecture and implementation of SVLK, and of compliance mechanisms, will be necessary to further foster sustainability and legality compliance in Indonesian wood value chains.

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Mann, Tom 1941. "Population movements, ethnicity and resource management in West Timor / Tom Mann." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19362.

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Bibliography: leaves 340-374.
xxi, 374 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 1999?

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Mann, Tom 1941. "Population movements, ethnicity and resource management in West Timor / Tom Mann." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19362.

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Wood, William Bruce. "Intermediate cities in the resource frontier : a case study of Samarinda and Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9796.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Timber Indonesia'

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