Journal articles: 'Tilting vehicle'

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Xu, Dongxin, Yueqiang Han, Xianghui Han, Ya Wang, and Guoye Wang. "Narrow Tilting Vehicle Drifting Robust Control." Machines 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010090.

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The narrow tilting vehicle receives extensive public attention because of traffic congestion and environmental pollution, and the active rolling motion control is a traffic safety precaution that reduces the rollover risk caused by the structure size of the narrow vehicle. The drifting motion control reflects the relatively updated attentive research of the regular-size vehicle, which can take full advantage of the vehicle’s dynamic performance and improve driving safety, especially when tires reach their limits. The narrow tilting vehicle drifting control is worthy of research to improve the driving safety of the narrow tilting vehicle, especially when tires reach the limit. The nonlinear narrow tilting vehicle dynamic model is established with the UniTire model to describe the vehicle motion characteristics and is simplified to reduce the computation of the drifting controller design. The narrow tilting vehicle drifting controller is designed based on the robust theory with uncertain external disturbances. The controller has a wide application, validity, and robustness and whose performance is verified by realizing different drifting motions with different initial driving motions. The narrow tilting vehicle drifting robust control has some practical and theoretical significance for more research.

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Gao, Ruolin, Haitao Li, Wenjun Wei, and Ya Wang. "Research on the Decoupling of the Parallel Vehicle Tilting and Steering Mechanism." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 7502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157502.

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Active tilting vehicles tilt to the inside of the corner when the vehicle is steering. The tilting motion improves the steering and roll stability of the vehicle. The steering mechanism and the tilting mechanism of the vehicle are connected in parallel. The transmission of the steering mechanism is influenced by the movements of the tilting mechanism. In order to solve this problem, a parallel mechanism is proposed in this paper. It consists of a spatial steering mechanism and a tilting mechanism in parallel. A mathematical model of the parallel mechanism with the wheel alignment parameters has been established. The model calculates the decoupling conditions of the parallel mechanism. In this study, a decoupling method for the parallel mechanism is proposed. A prototype of the parallel mechanism was designed according to the proposed method. The prototype was found to reduce the influence of vehicle tilting on the outer and inner wheel steering angles by up to 0.64% and 0.78%, respectively. The steering geometry correction rate of the prototype is between 1.198 and 0.961. The correctness of the model was verified by experimentation on the prototype. The proposed method can effectively decouple the tilting motion and steering motion of the vehicle and make the wheels on both sides satisfy the Ackerman steering condition.

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Cheng, Yung-Chang, Chern-Hwa Chen, and Chin-Te Hsu. "Derailment and Dynamic Analysis of Tilting Railway Vehicles Moving Over Irregular Tracks Under Environment Forces." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 09 (October 23, 2017): 1750098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500985.

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Utilizing a nonlinear creep model, the dynamic behavior of tilting railway vehicles moving over curved tracks with rail irregularities and under earthquakes and wind loads is studied. The car model adopted consists of 28 degrees of freedom, capable of simulating the lateral, vertical, roll and yaw motions for the wheelsets, truck frames and car body. The derailment quotient is investigated to analyze the running safety of a tilting railway vehicle using the linear and nonlinear creep models, while considering the rail irregularities and environmental forces for various tilting angles. Generally, the derailment risk of the tilting railway vehicle is higher than that of non-tilting railway vehicle with or without rail irregularities and environmental forces. The derailment quotients calculated by the linear creep model are underestimated for a tilting railway vehicle. In addition, the derailment quotients evaluated for rough rails and under environmental forces are higher than those obtained for smooth rails with no environmental forces. It is confirmed that rail irregularities and each type of environmental forces have decisive effects on derailment quotients. They are compared and ranked according to their significance.

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Ren, Yaxing, Truong Quang Dinh, James Marco, and David Greenwood. "Torque vectoring–based drive: Assistance system for turning an electric narrow tilting vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 233, no. 7 (January 14, 2019): 788–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818823589.

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The increasing number of cars leads to traffic congestion and limits parking issue in urban area. The narrow tilting vehicles therefore can potentially become the next generation of city cars due to its narrow width. However, due to the difficulty in leaning a narrow tilting vehicle, a drive assistance strategy is required to maintain its roll stability during a turn. This article presents an effective approach using torque vectoring method to assist the rider in balancing the narrow tilting vehicles, thus reducing the counter-steering requirements. The proposed approach is designed as the combination of two torque controllers: steer angle–based torque vectoring controller and tilting compensator–based torque vectoring controller. The steer angle–based torque vectoring controller reduces the counter-steering process via adjusting the vectoring torque based on the steering angle from the rider. Meanwhile, the tilting compensator–based torque vectoring controller develops the steer angle–based torque vectoring with an additional tilting compensator to help balancing the leaning behaviour of narrow tilting vehicles. Numerical simulations with a number of case studies have been carried out to verify the performance of designed controllers. The results imply that the counter-steering process can be eliminated and the roll stability performance can be improved with the usage of the presented approach.

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Tang, Chen, Avesta Goodarzi, and Amir Khajepour. "A novel integrated suspension tilting system for narrow urban vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 14 (November 26, 2017): 1970–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017738274.

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Narrow vehicles are proposed to resolve urban transportation issues such as congestion, parking, fuel consumption and pollution. They are characterized by a high ratio of centre of gravity height over track width. Such vehicles are vulnerable to rollover and stability issues when negotiating curves at a normal operating speed. Therefore, the tilting capability is crucial to such vehicles. Existing solutions, which mechanically connect the wheel module on both sides and synchronize their movement, still have room for further improvement. The extra links for synchronization not only take up space on compact urban vehicles, but also introduce additional mass to the light-weighted body. The novel tilting mechanism introduced in this work utilizes hydraulics to replace mechanical connections to generate the tilting motion. An interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension system is adopted to provide the desired bump and roll stiffness for narrow urban vehicle applications. Two independently controlled hydraulic pumps are connected to the hydraulic suspensions to provide the tilting, as well as riding height change capabilities. The integration of the tilting system with suspension reduces the system weight and packing size, both of which are vital to the success of narrow urban vehicles. All the functionalities are illustrated, modelled and examined in the simulation studies, which prove the feasibility of the proposed system on narrow urban vehicle applications resulting in more functionalities with lower complexity and weight.

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Cheng, Yung-Chang, and Chin-Te Hsu. "Parametric Analysis of Ride Comfort for Tilting Railway Vehicles Running on Irregular Curved Tracks." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 09 (November 2016): 1550056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541550056x.

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The ride comfort of a tilting railway vehicle moving on curved tracks with rail irregularities is studied. Using the nonlinear creep model and Kalker's linear theory, the governing differential equations of motion for a tilting railway vehicle running on irregular tracks are first derived. The tilting railway vehicle is modeled by a 27 degree-of-freedom (DOF) car system, considering the lateral displacement, vertical displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of both the wheelsets and bogie frames, as well as the lateral displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of the car body. Based on the international standard ISO 2631-1, the effect of vehicle speed on the ride comfort index of the tilting vehicle is investigated for various tilting angles, using both linear and nonlinear creep models, and various radii of curved tracks, as well as for various suspension parameters. Finally, the ride comfort indices computed with rail irregularities are found to be higher than those with no rail irregularities, indicating that the effect of rail irregularities on the ride comfort of a tilting vehicle cannot be disregarded in practice.

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Suchánek, Andrej, Mária Loulová, and Jozef Harušinec. "Evaluation of passenger riding comfort of a rail vehicle by means dynamic simulations." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925403009.

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Dynamical analysis plays a key role in development and optimalization of rail vehicles. The article deals with simulation analysis of a rail vehicle with an active tilting system of the vehicle body, design of the rail vehicle in CAD program CATIA and dynamical analysis in program SIMPACK, with the RAIL expansion. Such body mounting on vehicle bogies is significantly more complicated than the design of conventional rail vehicles. The purpose of this type of body mounting is to increase the size of body tilt during ride in a curve and thus reduce the lateral unbalanced acceleration affecting the passengers, or allow higher driving speed in a curve with the same radius while keeping the lateral acceleration value respectively. Eight variants of different velocity, vehicle occupancy and setting of the tilting mechanism were analyzed. We determined the average value of passenger comfort from the simulation results. We have determined the value of passenger comfort during the ride in a curve from the simulation results.

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Cheng, Yung Chang, Chin Te Hsu, Te Wen Tu, Chern Hwa Chen, and Meng Ju Tsai. "Derailment Analysis of Tilting Railway Vehicles with Wind Loads." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1252.

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In this article, equations of motion of tilting vehicle system, considering the lateral displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of each wheelset, the lateral displacement, vertical displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of the truck frame and the car body, are derived. The tilting vehicle system is modeled by a tilting train system with 24 degree-of-freedom (24-DOF) system traveling on curved tracks. Considering the cross-wind forces acting on the car body in the lateral, vertical and roll directions, the influences of the vehicle speeds on derailment quotients are investigated. Additionally, the effects of the vehicle speeds on the derailment quotients are presented and compared with wind loads and the various tilting angles.

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Chong, JJ, James Marco, David Greenwood, J. J. Chong, James Marco, and David Greenwood. "Modelling and Simulations of a Narrow Track Tilting Vehicle." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v4i1.149.

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Narrow track tilting vehicle is a new category of vehicle that combines the dynamical abilities of a passenger car with a motorcycle. In the presence of overturning moments during cornering, an accurate assessment of the lateral dynamics plays an important role to improve their stability and handling. In order to stabilise or control the narrow tilting vehicle, the demand tilt angle can be calculated from the vehicle’s lateral acceleration and controlled by either steering input of the vehicle or using additional titling actuator to reach this desired angle. The aim of this article is to present a new approach for developing the lateral dynamics model of a narrow track tilting vehicle. First, this approach utilises the well-known geometry ‘bicycle model’ and parameter estimation methods. Second, by using a tuning method, the unknown and uncertainties are taken into account and regulated through an optimisation procedure to minimise the model biases in order to improve the modelling accuracy. Therefore, the optimised model can be used as a platform to develop the vehicle control strategy. Numerical simulations have been performed in a comparison with the experimental data to validate the model accuracy.

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CHENG, YUNG-CHANG, CHENG-HAO HUANG, CHEN-MING KUO, and CHERN-HWA CHEN. "DERAILMENT RISK ANALYSIS OF A TILTING RAILWAY VEHICLE MOVING OVER IRREGULAR TRACKS UNDER WIND LOADS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 13, no. 08 (October 21, 2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500387.

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Based on the nonlinear creep model and Kalker's linear theory, this paper studies the governing differential equations of motion for a tilting railway vehicle moving over irregular curved tracks under wind loads. The tilting vehicle is modeled by a 24-degree-of-freedom (24-DOF) car system, considering the lateral, roll and yaw motions of each wheelset, the lateral, vertical, roll and yaw motions of each bogie frame and the car body. The derailment quotients of the tilting railway vehicle with the wheelsets moving over irregular rails in the lateral direction and the car body acted upon by the wind loads are investigated for various tilting angles. The analysis results show that in general, the derailment quotient of the wheelset increases as the tilting angle of the railway vehicle increases. When the railway vehicle moves at low speeds, the derailment quotient calculated for the case with rail irregularities is greater than that for the case with no rail irregularities. Moreover, the derailment quotient of a wheelset moving over curved tracks of various radii is presented. Finally, the derailment quotient computed for the case under wind loads is greater than that free of wind loads. As a result, the influence of rail irregularities and wind loads on the derailment risk of a tilting vehicle cannot be ignored.

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Jeong, Kicheol, and Seibum Choi. "Road Bank Angle Estimation for Three Wheel Tilting Vehicle Using Multi Model Estimator." MATEC Web of Conferences 166 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816602008.

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In recent years, the need for micro-mobility, especially three-wheel vehicles, is increasing to address pollution and traffic congestion problems. With regard to the development of tilting vehicles, the precise tilt angle is important information in the tilting mechanism. Since the road environment affects the vehicle tilt angle, the road bank and hill angle have to be estimated to optimize the tilt control system. Furthermore, a new tilt mechanism is required due to the energy consumption of the previous active tilting mechanism. This paper introduces the road state observer. In this paper, the observer that combines a kinematic model with a dynamic model of a three wheel vehicle is proposed. The dynamic model has four states, including lateral velocity, yaw rate, tilt angle, and tilt angle ratio. Similarly, kinematic model has two states, including roll and pitch angles. It is assumed that the data set received from the six-dimensional inertial measurement unit including the vehicle acceleration and angular velocity of all axes is available. To verify the proposed algorithm, simulation verification using Carsim ADAMS and Matlab&Simulink is performed and a discussion of the result is provided. In addition, this paper proposes a semi-active tilt system.

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Kim, Ho-Yeon, Jun-Ho Lee, Seong-Ho Han, Nam-Jin Lee, Bong-Tak Kim, and Chul-Goo Kang. "Experimental study on dynamic load measurement of a tilting mechanism of a railway vehicle using two hydraulic cylinders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715627841.

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A tilting train is primarily designed to achieve increased speed in a curved section without causing discomfort to passengers. Ensuring the safety of the tilting control system is one of the most important factors in such a train. This paper presents the development of a hydraulic tilting system that can measure the force in real time to find the cause of overcurrent occurring often in an actuator of a Korean tilting train. To smoothly realize tilting motion of the Korean tiling train using hydraulic actuators, the developed hydraulic tilting mechanism was designed such that synchronization control of two hydraulic cylinders installed in opposite directions was possible; furthermore, a cooling system was developed to ensure a test environment with an appropriate temperature. The actual force acting on the two hydraulic cylinders was measured and analyzed for various tilting speed of the Korean tilting train. The experimental results show that the hydraulic tilting actuator system developed for the Korean tilting train is valid. Furthermore, it is shown that two actuator loads are detected successfully acting on the hydraulic tilting system.

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Karamuk, Mustafa, and Orhan Behic Alankus. "Development and Experimental Implementation of Active Tilt Control System Using a Servo Motor Actuator for Narrow Tilting Electric Vehicle." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061996.

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Light electric vehicles are alternative solutions to passenger cars in terms their lower costs and space saving in city traffic. Narrow tilting vehicles (NTV), known also as three–wheeled vehicles, can be equipped with an active tilting stability controller that tilts the vehicle automatically during cornering to enable lateral stability. There are mainly direct tilt control (DTC), steering tilt control (STC), and combined DTC–STC methods described in the literature. The DTC method is typically applied up to 10 km/h vehicle speeds. Considering city traffic and frequent start–stop cycles, the DTC method needs to be improved in terms of lower actuator torque and energy consumption. DTC can be designed by using either hydraulic or servo motor actuators. In state of the art, the servo motor actuator has not been studied in detail considering its integration and application aspects. Mostly, the actuator has been considered as a black box model. Proposed control method in this study enables improvements in the direct tilt control system (DTC) in terms of reducing the actuator peak torque and enables the application of DTC at higher vehicle speeds. Regarding the modeling of the electric actuator, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and field-oriented control model are also included in the simulation model. Modelling of the electric actuator enables accurate representation of actuator dynamics. In this way, battery Ah capacity can be sized and energy consumption of the electric actuator can be calculated for a given drive cycle. To this end, objective of this study is to design a direct tilt control method including the electrical drives and motion control concepts. In this way, an application methodology of the servo motor actuator is developed and implemented on a narrow tilting three-wheeled electric vehicle. Interactions between tilt control system and the servo motor actuator system are described from practical aspects.

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An, Jin Hyo, Choon Young Lee, Gyu Man Kim, Young Joong Lee, and Cheol Woo Park. "Roll Stability Recovery Performance of Underwater Bluff-Body with Tilting Angle Variations." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.426.

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In the present study, we experimentally investigated the roll stability recovery performance of a vehicle at various tilting angles. The vehicle was ultimately targeted to contain a velocity-field measurement system in underwater conditions, which should confirm stationary buoyancy during measurement. We employed two small gear-rack ax mountings on a weighted mass as the actuating system inside the bluff-body. Speed and movement were feedback controlled by the activating electronic motor system. The feedback algorithm used tilting action signals from an inclinometer sensor installed in the central region of the vessel shell. As a result, the bluff-body vessel effectively recovered self-stabilizing positions against the tilting action.

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Mun, Hyung Suk, Ki Young Eum, and Nam Po Kim. "A204 DEVELOPMENT FOR TILTING VEHICLE CAR BODY WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY (SELF-TILTING CAR BODY)." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2003 (2003): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2003.41.

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Yoshida, Hidehisa, and Masao Nagai. "Tilting control of railway vehicle using electric actuators." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 13, no. 1-4 (December 17, 2002): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2002-516.

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Edelmann, Johannes, and Manfred Plöchl. "Electronic Stability Control of a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0976.

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Gangadharan, Sathya N., and Heinz L. Krein. "Jet-Propelled Remote-Operated Underwater Vehicles Guided by Tilting Nozzles." Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, no. 02 (April 1, 1989): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.2.131.

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This paper is a study and experimental analysis of a forced jet propulsion system with tilting-type nozzles for slow-moving remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV's). A test setup simulating the motion of the underwater vehicle was fabricated to investigate the effect of nozzle configurations on the propulsion of such vehicles. Plexiglass nozzles of different conical contraction angles (θ = 4 to 28 deg), different conical expansion angles (θ = 3 to 9 deg), and a straight cylindrical section were used in the study. Tests were carried out underwater, and the parameters measured include thrust, flow rate, angular velocity, and total head. Different circular disk type drag plates were used to simulate the drag of the vehicle underwater. Efficiency of propulsion is the criterion for comparing the performance of each nozzle. An expression for the optimum efficiency was derived neglecting the effect of inlet head recovery, which can be assumed for slow-moving vehicles. The energy loss and loss coefficients in submerged propulsion nozzles were found both theoretically and experimentally. A proposal for the fabrication and testing of an innovative design of a jet-propelled ROV guided by tilting nozzles is presented. The design uses a stepper motor for tilting the nozzles. A comparison is made between stationary and swivel-type configurations. The nozzles were tested for optimum area ratio. The propulsion system and the ROV was designed and checked for stability. The study revealed that for a range of flow rates, one particular nozzle was the most efficient compared to other nozzles.

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Blatnický, Miroslav, Ján Dižo, Denis Molnár, and Andrej Suchánek. "Comprehensive Analysis of a Tricycle Structure with a Steering System for Improvement of Driving Properties While Cornering." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 8974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248974.

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This paper focuses on the development, theoretical and experimental research on the structural units of an unconventional three-wheeled vehicle. The vehicle is designed in order to increase the stability when cornering in a low curvature radius. Current research work describes solutions to increase the cornering stability of either conventional three-wheeled vehicles or, more rarely, unconventional vehicles designed on the basis of complex wheel-tilting mechatronics. Thus, there is a gap in research in respect of consideration of a stability-enhancing mechanism for three-wheeled vehicles based on a combination of tilting and deflection of the front steered wheel in the course of cornering. This paper then compares the stability of a three-wheeled vehicle with one steered wheel in front and two wheels in the rear (1F2R) in conventional and unconventional designs. A particular linear formula for the stability of the three-wheeled vehicle in cornering is derived. This study further deals with the design of the frame intended to hold the unconventional steering mechanism of the front wheel of the vehicle, on the one hand, from the theoretical integrity point of view using CAD-, FEM- and MBS-based software and, on the other hand, from the experimental point of view by determining the multiaxial fatigue life of the test specimens. These were made from the frame structural material and loaded with an equivalent load (bending-torsion) corresponding to the real load of the frame in operation. It was discovered that the designed patented front wheel steering mechanism increased the passing speed by 19% in comparison with a conventional vehicle at the minimum possible radius of a corner. The designed vehicle meets the safety conditions in terms of frame integrity and load-bearing capacity. The vehicle frame is designed with respect to the fatigue life of the material, the results of which are presented in the work. The material employed for manufacturing the frame is aluminum alloy type EN AW6063, which makes the frame lightweight and strong.

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Werner, Tobias, and Thomas Brinkhoff. "Window Operators for Processing Spatio-Temporal Data Streams on Unmanned Vehicles." AGILE: GIScience Series 1 (July 15, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-21-2020.

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Abstract. Unmanned aerial and submersible vehicles are used in an increasing number of applications especially for data collection in misanthropic environments. During a mission, such vehicles generate multiple spatio-temporal data streams suitable to be processed by data stream management systems (DSMS). The main approach of a DSMS is limiting the elements of a stream by using sliding and tilting windows with time intervals as temporal condition. However, due to varying vehicle speed and limited on-board resources, such temporal windows do not provide adequate support for spatio-temporal problems. For solving this problem, we propose a set of six new spatio-temporal window operators in this paper. This set comprises of sliding distance, tilting distance, tilting waypoint, session distance, jumping distance and an area window to limit stream elements based on spatial conditions. Each of the listed operators provides an individual behaviour to support sophisticated applications like spatial interpolation and forecasting. An evaluation based on an example trajectory shows the benefit of the presented operators for spatio-temporal applications.

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Miège, A. J. P., and D. Cebon. "Active roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x28385.

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A new experimental articulated vehicle with computer-controlled suspensions is used to investigate the benefits of active roll control for heavy vehicles. The mechanical hardware, the instrumentation, and the distributed control architecture are detailed. A simple roll-plane model is developed and validated against experimental data, and used to design a controller based on lateral acceleration feedback. The controller is implemented and tested on the experimental vehicle. By tilting both the tractor drive axle and the trailer inwards, substantial reductions in normalized lateral load transfer are obtained, both in steady state and transient conditions. Power requirements are also considered.

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Junaid, Ali, Alejandro Sanchez, Javier Bosch, Nikolaos Vitzilaios, and Yahya Zweiri. "Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Tilting Quadcopter." Robotics 7, no. 4 (October 20, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics7040065.

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Standard quadcopters are popular largely because of their mechanical simplicity relative to other hovering aircraft, low cost and minimum operator involvement. However, this simplicity imposes fundamental limits on the types of maneuvers possible due to its under-actuation. The dexterity and fault tolerance required for flying in limited spaces like forests and industrial infrastructures dictate the use of a bespoke dual-tilting quadcopter that can launch vertically, performs autonomous flight between adjacent obstacles and is even capable of flying in the event of the failure of one or two motors. This paper proposes an actuation concept to enhance the performance characteristics of the conventional under-actuated quadcopter. The practical formation of this concept is followed by the design, modeling, simulation and prototyping of a dual-axis tilting quadcopter. Outdoor flight tests using tilting rotors, to follow a trajectory containing adjacent obstacles, were conducted in order to compare the flight of conventional quadcopter with the proposed over-actuated vehicle. The results show that the quadcopter with tilting rotors provides more agility and mobility to the vehicle especially in narrow indoor and outdoor infrastructures.

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Mao, Kun Li. "Modal Analysis and Dynamic Test of Steel Slag Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.564.

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Steel slag vehicles with tilting arm are advanced equipment used in iron and steel factory for short distance delivery. With great impact force and severe vibration when pouring steel slag, strength of equipment structure must be enough. In product design, theoretical study and simulation of steel slag vehicles were completed using commercial finite element software and dynamics software. Static strength and dynamic tests of some steel slag vehicle were finished using dynamic and static stain instruments, acceleration transducer in order to verify the computer analysis result. The modal analysis result of steel slag vehicle, the field dynamic test procedure and data process are shown in this article. In the end of paper, conclusions are drawn useful for design and manufacture of heavy-duty equipment such as steel slag vehicles.

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Thirumaleshwar Hegde, Navya, V. I. George, C. Gurudas Nayak, and Kamlesh Kumar. "Transition flight modeling and robust control of a VTOL unmanned quad tilt-rotor aerial vehicle." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1252-1261.

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<span>The development of fully autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) plays a major contribution towards reducing the risk to human life in various applications including rescue teams, border patrol, police and inspection of buildings, pipelines, coasts, and terrains. Tiltrotor hybrid UAV exhibit special application value due to its unique rotor structure. The variation in the model dynamics and aerodynamics due to the tilting rotors are the major key issues and challenges which attracted the attention of many researchers. This vehicle combines the hovering capabilities of a helicopter along with the high-speed cruise capabilities of a conventional airplane by tilting its four rotors. In the present research work, the authors attempt to model a quad tilt rotor UAV using Newton-Euler formulation. A dynamic model of the vehicle is derived mathematically for horizontal, vertical and transition flight modes. A robust H-infinity control strategy is proposed, evaluated and analyzed through simulation to control the flight dynamics of the different modes of the UAV. Simulation results shows that the tiltrotor UAV achieves transition successfully.</span>

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Haraguchi, Kageyama, and Kaneko. "Study of Personal Mobility Vehicle (PMV) with Active Inward Tilting Mechanism on Obstacle Avoidance and Energy Efficiency." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224737.

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Traffic congestion and lack of parking spaces in urban areas etc. may lessen the original benefits of cars, and now new ultra-small mobility concepts called personal mobility vehicles (PMVs) are receiving attention. Among them, PMVs with an inward tilting mechanism in order to avoid overturning on turning, as in motorcycles, look realistic in new, innovative traffic systems. In this study, PMVs with an active inward tilting mechanism with three wheels, double front wheels and single rear wheel, were studied regarding front inner wheel lifting phenomena, capability of obstacle avoidance and energy balance of active tilting mechanism. Based on a comprehensive study of inner wheel lifting and obstacle avoidance, PMVs with a front wheel steering system as the most realistic specification were compared on capability of obstacle avoidance with passenger cars and motorcycles with those that have current market experience, and showed better capability. Although the energy consumption of an active inward tilting mechanism might be in conflict with the energy efficiency of small PMV concepts, the energy needed to tilt PMVs was very little compared with the general energy consumption of driving. It was clarified that the new PMV concepts with inward tilting mechanism have sufficient social acceptability from both mandatory points of safety and efficiency.

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Barker, M., B. Drew, J. Darling, K. A. Edge, and G. W. Owen. "Steady-state steering of a tilting three-wheeled vehicle." Vehicle System Dynamics 48, no. 7 (November 19, 2009): 815–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423110903147474.

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Jubin Antony, J., and K. Jayabal. "Rollover Dynamics of a Narrow Tilting Three-Wheeled Vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 51 (2016): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165101002.

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MASUI, Kazuyuki, Katuya TANIFUJI, and Hitoshi SOMA. "406 Basic Study on Preview Control for Tilting Vehicle." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2005.42 (2005): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2005.42.115.

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Berote, Johan, Jos Darling, and Andrew Plummer. "Lateral dynamics simulations of a three-wheeled tilting vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229, no. 3 (August 18, 2014): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407014542625.

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30

You, Won Hee, Nam Po Kim, and Hyung Suk Mun. "Dynamics Control of Tilting Bogie for Passenger Railway Vehicle." Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control 6.2 (2002): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmovic.6.2.903.

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YAMAUCHI, Katsuya, Chihiro NAKAGAWA, and Atsuhiko SHINTANI. "Modeling and motion analysis of three wheeled tilting vehicle." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2019.16 (2019): B204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2019.16.b204.

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32

D’hondt, Jordi, Peter Slaets, Eric Demeester, and Marc Juwet. "Effects of a Torsion Spring Used in a Flexible Delta Tricycle." Applied Mechanics 3, no. 3 (August 9, 2022): 1040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030058.

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A new tilting delta tricycle is developed as a last-mile vehicle. This vehicle has a hinge between the front driver module and the rear cargo module to allow the driver to tilt while maneuvering. The driver module resembles a conventional bicycle without a rear wheel and the cargo module consists of a cargo area between two propelled rear wheels. The concept vehicle ensures proper handling qualities independent of the cargo. However, the driver module can still tip over when parked. Multiple solutions are being considered to improve the ergonomics of this vehicle. A metal-elastomer torsion spring with an integrated angle limit has the most advantages as this prevents the driver module from tipping over without requiring it to enable a mechanism while stepping off. Furthermore, the torsion system dampens vibrations while cycling and influences tilting while turning. These improvements are tested using the concept vehicle. The influence of this torsion system is calculated and validated with measurements. The influences of different torsion curves aimed to improve the low-speed stability are calculated.

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33

Sagawa, K., H. Inooka, E. Ino-oka, and T. Takahashi. "On an ambulance stretcher suspension concerned with the reduction of patient's blood pressure variation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 211, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411971534313.

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The design process and control of an ambulance stretcher suspension to reduce patient's blood pressure variation (BPV) is discussed. The BPV caused by applying the vehicle brakes may lead to deterioration of a patient's condition. The proposed method can reduce BPV by tilting the stretcher and counterbalancing back-to-front acceleration of the ambulance with gravity. The experimental results obtained when using a manually controlled stretcher confirm that BPV is reduced by tilting the stretcher. A continuous control method that varies the tilting angle is investigated through simulation analysis. The results show that this control method reduces the BPV effectively and achieves safe transport of the patient.

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34

Kafafy, Raed, Mohamed Okasha, Shamma Alblooshi, Hessa Almansoori, Salma Alkaabi, Salma Alshamsi, and Turfa Alkaabi. "A remotely-controlled micro airship for wireless coverage." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1190.

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This paper describes the design process and prototype development of a remotely controlled airship for wireless coverage. The airship is designed to be used as a platform to provide wireless coverage for rural areas. The design process follows a systematic design process for lighter-than-air vehicles, modified to impart slight heaviness to the vehicle. A remotely-controlled, thrust-vectored electric propulsion system offsets the slight vehicle heaviness. The electric propulsion system comprises two tilting rotors for takeoff, cruise, hovering, and horizontal manoeuvring. A rudder-less, rotor-less, cruciform fin design was implemented. A reduced-scale prototype of the airship was developed to prove the design concept. The airship prototype was successfully tested in an indoor environment.

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Sueki, Takeshi, Shunsuke Shiomi, Hidehisa Yoshida, and Masao Nagai. "Study on Railway Vehicle Tilting Control Using Variable Link Mechanism : Feedback Control Based on Perfect Tilting Theory." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2003.8 (2003): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2003.8.57.

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Maňurová, Mária, and Andrej Suchánek. "The Analysis of a Rail Vehicle with a Tilting Bogie." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/5/1020.

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YAMAUCHI, Katsuya, Chihiro NAKAGAWA, and Atsuhiko SHINTANI. "Eigenvalues and Modal Analysis on a Three Wheeled Tilting Vehicle." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2020.95 (2020): P_054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2020.95.p_054.

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Chiou, Jin-Chern, and Chih-Liang Chen. "Modeling and Verification of a Diamond-Shape Narrow-Tilting Vehicle." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 13, no. 6 (December 2008): 678–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2008.2004769.

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MASUI, Kazuyuki, Katsuya TANIFUJI, and Hitoshi SOMA. "3103 Basic Study on Optimal Preview Control for Tilting Vehicle." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2005.14 (2005): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2005.14.185.

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40

Gohl, J., R. Rajamani, L. Alexander, and P. Starr. "Active Roll Mode Control Implementation on a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." Vehicle System Dynamics 42, no. 5 (December 2004): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042311042000266810.

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41

Tan, Jeffrey Too Chuan, Yitsao Huang, Yoshihiro Suda, Akira Mizuno, and Munehisa Horiguchi. "Cornering stability improvement by gyro moment for narrow tilting vehicle." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (July 2015): 2705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0518-y.

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42

Pearson, J. T., R. M. Goodall, and I. Pratt. "Control system studies of an active anti-roll bar tilt system for railway vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530670.

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This paper describes a theoretical study of an active anti-roll bar tilt control system for a railway vehicle. It presents the rationale behind body tilting, the advantages and disadvantages associated with body tilting and the key tilt control system requirements. The paper also describes the control modelling process and presents some simulation results from control system studies. A number of competing control systems have been designed and analysed, including both classical and optimal control strategies. The performance of the control systems for a variety of curves is considered, as well as their response to track irregularities. The results show that all the strategies provide good tilting performance, the optimal control approach being marginally better.

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Suchánek, Andrej, Jozef Harušinec, Mária Loulová, and Pavol Kurčík. "Proposal of stiffness of triple spring of a passenger railway vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500032.

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The article deals with the calculation of stiffness of a secondary suspension spring built in a bogie of a rail vehicle with a tilting car body. The vertical stiffness of the springs was calculated using the ANSYS program. The results were compared with calculated values afterwards. The lateral stiffness was evaluated in a similar manner. Analyt-ical method by Gross, Wahl, Budrick, Timoshenko and Ponomarieva was used for comparison with numerical values. The ANSYS simulation was performed for calculating the vertical stiffness of the triple springs. The most suitable analytical method is a method by Timoshenko and Ponomarieva, where the percentage difference was the smallest. The obtained data will be used as an input for the design of coil springs which will be implemented in a model of a vehicle with a tilting car body, for which the comfort values during transition in curve will eventually be determined.

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Hassan, Fazilah, Argyrios Zolotas, and Shaharil Mohd Shah. "H∞ mixed sensitivity optimization for high speed tilting trains." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2263.

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The industrial norm of tilting high speed trains, nowadays, is that of Precedence tilt (also known as Preview tilt). Precedence tilt, although succesfull as a concept, tends to be complex (mainly due to the signal interconnections between vehicles and the advanced signal processing required for monitoring). Research studies of early prior to that of precedence tilt schemes, i.e. the so-called Nulling-type schemes, utilized local-per-vehicle signals to provide tilt action (this was essentially a typical disturbance rejection-scheme) but suffered from inherent delays in the control). Nulling tilt may still be seen as an important research aim due to the simple nature and most importantly due to the more straightforward fault detection compared to precedence schemes. The work in this paper presents a substantial extension conventional to robust H∞ mixed sensitivity nulling tilt control in literature. A particular aspect is the use of optimization is used in the design of the robust controller accompanied by rigorous investigation of the conflicting deterministic/stochastic local tilt trade-off

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45

Pramudita Wid, Wimba, Aufar Syehan, and Danardono Agus Sumarsono. "Kinematic Analysis of Triple Ball Tie-rod in Ackermann Steering and Tilting Mechanism for Tricycle Application." E3S Web of Conferences 130 (2019): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913001038.

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Nowadays, a concept of tilting three-wheel vehicle is introduced, one of which is the electric tilting tricycle to provide an alternative mode of transportation. Some of the tilting tricycle design usinga tadpole trike configuration and it needs an adequate steering system that can be synergized with tilting mechanism. The steering mechanism follows the Ackermann steering geometry. Usage of Ackermann geometry means applying a mechanism of trapezoidal four-bar linkage to the tricycle. To create and maintain the simple trapezoid shape, Triple Ball Tie-rod model, a single rod which supports three ball joints, is proposed. Since the capabilities of the model are yet to be proven, this research evaluates the usageof a tie-rod model to find out its capabilities to support the works of the steering mechanism of the tricycle. The measurements are conducted after the simulation of the 3D model to extract some data such as maximum lean angle and inner and outer steering angles. Another simulation using regular tie-rod model also conducted with the same method for comparison purposes. The results of the study are maximum allowed tilting angle and generated Ackermann steering angles. Each designed models have their respectiveadvantages.

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46

Navikas, Deividas, and Aurelijus Pitrėnas. "Determination and Evaluation of a Three-Wheeled Tilting Vehicle Prototype’s Dynamic Characteristics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 5121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105121.

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When a new vehicle is being developed, the parameters of the electric motor, battery modules, and control algorithms have a significant impact on its dynamic characteristics. This paper presents a method of determining the dynamic characteristics of a three-wheeled tilting vehicle created by AKO team. In order to achieve this, the acceleration values in theoretical calculations were determined and were verified by experimental field tests using a three-wheeled vehicle prototype. Theoretical calculations include the determination of speed, dynamic factor, air resistance, and traction force. The theoretical calculation of the above-mentioned dynamic factors also involves the experimental determination of the drag coefficient, which was performed in a wind tunnel using a scaled-down (1:16) three-wheeled vehicle model. Field tests were conducted to determine acceleration data using two accelerometers, one of which was used for the synchronization of the calculated acceleration data with experimentally obtained acceleration data. Obtained data from very sensitive accelerometer were filtered using a Butterworth second-order low-pass filter. Results show compliance between the calculated and measured accelerations, which means that theoretical calculations were verified by experimental measurements.

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47

Chang, Ming-Yen, Hsing-Hui Huang, and Zhao-Long Chen. "Design of a steering mechanism for the three-wheel tilting motorcycle." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-189-2022.

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Abstract. There is a trend to develop three-wheel motorcycles because of their better stability and superior cornering ability compared to 1F1R (one front wheel and one rear wheel) motorcycles. The main purpose of this study is to establish a design process for the 2F1R (two front wheels and one rear wheel) three-wheel tilting mechanism and to reduce the turning radius to fulfill steering geometry in order to reduce the steering torque for a better handling feel. This research is divided into two parts: first, an existing steering tilting mechanism is selected as a design reference, and creative design methods are applied to set design constraints and requirements to facilitate a new mechanism design. A steering tilting mechanism is developed based on the design parameters of the steering mechanism and design objectives. Then Simpack software is employed to simulate handling tests on various routes and to verify the design model. The steering torque of the new mechanism is found to be much higher than that of the design reference. Therefore, the next step is to apply the Taguchi method to optimize the steering mechanism and to ensure that the parameter combination that satisfies the design objectives for the steering mechanism is selected. Finally, the route evaluation indexes are obtained from handling test simulations. From the results of the steering characteristics of the reference and research vehicle, the steering torque is found to be directly related to the response capability. Furthermore, the steering torque of the research vehicle is reduced by the optimization analysis using the Taguchi method, and the route evaluation indexes indicate that the vehicle's handling characteristics were improved.

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48

Zamzuri, Hairi, Argyrios C. Zolotas, and Roger M. Goodall. "LQG WITH FUZZY CORRECTION MECHANISM IN TILTING RAILWAY VEHICLE CONTROL DESIGN." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, no. 21 (2007): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20071029-2-fr-4913.00003.

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49

HASHIMOTO, Masafumi, Hiroyuki HATA, and Fuminori OBA. "Study on Motion Control of Omnidirectional Vehicle with Chassis-Tilting Mechanism." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Contributed Papers 70, no. 7 (2004): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jspe.70.983.

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50

Landersheim, Volker, Matthias Jurisch, Riccardo Bartolozzi, Georg Stoll, Riccardo Möller, and Heiko Atzrodt. "Simulation-Based Testing of Subsystems for Autonomous Vehicles at the Example of an Active Suspension Control System." Electronics 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091469.

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Automated driving functions are expected to increase both the safety and ride comfort of future vehicles. Ensuring their functional safety and optimizing their performance requires thorough testing. Costs and duration of tests can be reduced if more tests can be performed numerically in a feasible simulation framework. This simulation setup must include all subsystems of the autonomous vehicle, which significantly interact with the system under test. In this paper, a modular model chain is presented, which is developed for testing systems with an impact on vehicle motion. It includes trajectory planning, motion control, and a model of the vehicle dynamics in a closed loop. Each subsystem can easily be exchanged to adapt the model chain with respect to the simulation objectives. As a use case, the testing of an active suspension control system is discussed. It is designed directly for use in autonomous cars and uses inputs from the vehicle motion planning subsystem for planning the suspension actuator motion. Using the presented closed-loop model chain, the effect of different actuator control strategies on ride comfort is compared, such as curve tilting. Furthermore, the impact of the active suspension system on lateral vehicle motion is shown.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tilting vehicle'

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