Journal articles on the topic 'Tillage'
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Šoltysová, Božena, and Martin Danilovič. "Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the Soil." Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 57, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-011-0003-2.
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Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the SoilChanges of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil organic carbon were observed on gleyic Fluvisols (locality Milhostov) at the following crops: grain maize (2005), spring barley (2006), winter wheat (2007), soya (2008), grain maize (2009). The experiment was realized at three soil tillage technologies: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0-0.15 m; 0.15-0.30 m; 0.30-0.45 m). The ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen was also calculated.Soil tillage affects significantly the content of total nitrogen in soil. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant. The balance showed that the content of total nitrogen decreased at reduced tillage by 5.2 rel.%, at no-tillage by 5.1 rel.% and at conventional tillage by 0.7 rel.%.Similarly, the content of organic matter in the soil was significantly affected by soil tillage. The content of soil organic carbon found at the end of the research period was lower by 4.1 rel.% at reduced tillage, by 4.8 rel.% at no-tillage and by 4.9 rel.% at conventional tillage compared with initial stage. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant.Less significant relationship was found between the soil tillage and the content of available phosphorus. The balance showed that the content of available phosphorus was increased at reduced tillage (by 4.1 rel.%) and was decreased at no-tillage (by 9.5 rel.%) and at conventional tillage (by 3.3 rel.%).Tillage did not significantly affect the content of available potassium in the soil.
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Islam, A. K. M. S., M. M. Hossain, and M. A. Saleque. "Effect of Unpuddled Transplanting on the Growth and Yield of Dry Season Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in High Barind Tract." Agriculturists 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i2.21736.
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Conservation tillage technology not only protects natural resources but also provides some economic leverage. The present investigation evaluated two puddle tillages (i) conventional tillage (CT) and (ii) single pass wet tillage (SPWT) and two unpuddled tillages(iii) strip tillage(ST) and (iv) bed planting (BP) to establish rice in the High Barind Tract, Godagari, Rajshahi during aus 2010 and boro 2011 season. The CT option incurred higher cost compared to other tillage treatments due to more fuel and labour used in land preparation. Minimum tillage (SPWT, ST and BP) saved about 30-54% fuel consumption and 40-49% labour requirement compared to CT in land preparation. Labour did not face much difficulty to transplant seedling in unpuddled fields. However, unpuddled establishment required more labor for weeding compared to puddle one. Bed planting in aus gave significantly lower grain yield than other establishment methods. However, in boro season, all the tested tillage methods produced similar yield. In both seasons, CT showed the highest input costs due to more number of tillage passes and fuel requirement in land preparation. As a consequence, SPWT, ST and BP appeared to be more profitable than CT both in aus and boro rice.The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 91-97
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Begum, M., R. Hasan, and MM Hossain. "Optimizing the Seed Rate for Maximized Yield And Benefits of Wheat Under Strip Tillage In Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 19, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i1.54777.
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An on-farm experiment was conducted at the farmer's field located at the Durbachara village of Gauriopur upazilla under the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from November 2015 to March 2016 to study the effect of seed rate on yield performance of wheat under strip tillage. Wheat cv. BARI Gom-26 was sown under conventional tillage (CT) vs. strip tillage (ST), including four seeding rates viz. 100, 110, 120, and 130 kg ha-1. The CT was done with a two-wheel tractor and consisted of two primary tillages followed by two secondary tillages. The ST was done using a Versatile Multi-crop Planter (VMP) machine in a single pass process. A pre-plant herbicide, glyphosate was applied 3 days before of ST operation @ 3.7 L ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The impact of tillage methods on the seed rate was found significant in the yield and economic profit of wheat. The longest spike with the highest number of grains spike-1, the highest weight of 1000-grain, grain yield, and BCR was recorded when 120 kg seeds of wheat sown with strip tillage. This practice produced a 25% higher yield and earned 51% higher profit than the practice of seeding 100 kg seeds ha-1 with conventional tillage. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 45-56 (2021)
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Sherrod, D. W., and H. P. Wilson. "INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF PEST INSECTS IN CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE SNAP BEANS." Journal of Entomological Science 24, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-24.2.161.
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Snap bean insect pests, including the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris, soybean thrips, Sericothrips variabilis Beach, bean leaf beetle, Ceratoma trifurcata Forster, and the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were monitored in conventional and no-tillage snap bean plots during the 1981–1983 growing seasons. Plots were split for insecticide versus no-insecticide treatment. Insecticide sprays effectively reduced insect pest populations in both tillage regimes during all three years. Thrips population levels were consistently higher in untreated no-till plots compared to untreated conventional tillage plots. Densities of other insect pest species were variable across tillages over years. Surface damage to bean pods at harvest was greater in untreated no-till plots in two of the three years and similar the third year when compared to untreated conventional tillage plots. Insecticide treatment programs should reduce surface pod damage in the production of no-tillage snap beans.
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DHARMA, I. PUTU, and I. NYOMAN PUJA. "Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengolahan Tanah dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 9, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2019.v09.i02.p06.
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The Effect of Soil Tillages Frequency and Compost Fertilizer on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yields. The aims of this research is to determine of effect soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer on soil physical properties and corn yields. The method was used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), factorial consisting of two factors, namely: Soil Tillages Frequency (T) consists of 3 levels, namely: T0 = no tillage; T1 = if one time and T2 = if twice. Compost Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Without compost, K1 = 5 tons compost/ha and B2 = 10 tons compost/ha. Combination treatment into 9 treatments, namely T0K0 , T0K1, T0K2, T1K0, T1K1, T1K2, T2K0, T2K1, T2K2. and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 27 research plots.The results showed that the soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on the soil physical properties and corn yields. Twice soil tillage frequency resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yields respectively 1.01 g/cm3, 60.98%, 37.31% and 0.83 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with no tillage which is 1.03 g/cm3, 60.43%, 36.57% and 0.81 kg/m2. Addition of 10 tons compost/ha resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yield respectively 0.99 g/cm3, 61.75%, 38.21% and 0.86 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with without compost fertilizer which is 1.06 g/cm3, 59.40%, 36.44% and 0.80 kg/m2.
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Hernanz, JoséLuis. "No-tillage and surface-tillage agriculture. The tillage revolution." Soil and Tillage Research 9, no. 4 (July 1987): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(87)90064-x.
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Haas, Christoph, Dörthe Holthusen, Anneka Mordhorst, Jerzy Lipiec, and Rainer Horn. "Elastic and plastic soil deformation and its influence on emission of greenhouse gases." International Agrophysics 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0088.
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Abstract Soil management alters physical, chemical and biological soil properties. Stress application affects microbiological activity and habitats for microorganisms in the root zone and causes soil degradation. We hypothesized that stress application results in altered greenhouse gas emissions if soil strength is exceeded. In the experiments, soil management dependent greenhouse gas emissions of intact soil cores (no, reduced, conventional tillages) were determined using two experimental setups; CO2 emissions were determined with: a dynamic measurement system, and a static chamber method before and after a vertical soil stress had been applied. For the latter CH4 and N2O emissions were analyzed additionally. Stress dependent effects can be summed as follows: In the elastic deformation range microbiological activity increased in conventional tillage soil and decreased in reduced tillage and no tillage. Beyond the precompression stress a release of formerly protected soil organic carbon and an almost total loss of CH4 oxidizability occurred. Only swelling and shrinkage of no tillage and reduced tillage regenerated their microhabitat function. Thus, the direct link between soil strength and microbial activity can be applied as a marker for soil rigidity and the transition to new disequilibria concerning microbial activity and composition.
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Rachman, Achmad, Ratri Ariani, and Arief Budiyanto. "Sorptivity of an Inceptisol under Conventional and Reduced Tillage Practices." Journal of Tropical Soils 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2017.v22i3.149-154.
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The amount of water captured and stored in the soil profile until the next precipitation events is of great importance in dryland agro-ecosystem for successful crop production. The soil’s ability to rapidly capture and store water precipitation can be accessed through measuring soil sorptivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of tillage, i.e. reduced and conventional tillages, on soil sorptivity, and to understand how sorptivity is related to surface soil bulk density and water stable aggregates. The experiment was conducted on a site, which has been continuously planted with corn twice a year for more than 10 years. The predominant soil in the study site is Typic Haplusteps. Ponded infiltration measurements were used to determine soil sorptivity. Six positions, 15 meters a part, were chosen within each treatment to measure sorptivity, bulk density and water stable aggregates. Conventional tillage resulted in higher sorptivity (p<0.05), lower surface bulk density (p<0.05), and significantly lower water stable aggregates (p<0.01) than reduced tillage treatment. Sorptivity was negatively correlated to bulk density and positively correlated to water stable aggregates. Better correlations were found between sorptivity and both bulk density (R2 = 0.67) and water stable aggregates (R2= 0.81) under reduced tillage than under conventional tillage treatment. Conventional tillage was found to enhance soil sorptivity in comparison to reduced tillage system. Appropriate soil management is important to maintain proper soil porosity in the field for better rainfall harvesting and plant growth especially in the dryland ecosystem.
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Zhang, Z. D., X. M. Yang, C. F. Drury, W. D. Reynolds, and L. P. Zhao. "Mineralization of active soil organic carbon in particle size fractions of a Brookston clay soil under no-tillage and mouldboard plough tillage." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09081.
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Soil organic matter is a heterogeneous mixture of organic substances with different compositions and stabilities. To enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, it is helpful to understand the distribution of SOC among the soil particle size fractions, the stabilities of the SOC within each fraction, and the influence of management practices, such as tillage, on SOC mineralization. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and mineralization rate of active SOC in the sand (53-2000 µm), silt (2-53 µm) and clay (<2 µm) size fractions of a Brookston clay soil under a corn-soybean rotation and three tillage scenarios. The tillages included long-term (24 yr) mouldboard plough (MP83), long-term (24 yr) no-till (NT83) and short-term (10 yr) no-till (NT97). Bulk soil from the top 10 cm was dispersed into sand, silt and clay size fractions by applying ultrasound energy (750 J mL-1) to a 1:4 soil:water suspension. The sand, silt and clay fractions of the three tillages were aerobically incubated at 20°C and 30% moisture (wt/wt), and the CO2-C emissions were measured over 103 d. The SOC contents followed the order clay > silt > sand for all three tillages. On a whole-soil basis and averaged over the tillage treatments, 55.8% of the SOC was in the clay size fraction, 37.2% was in the silt fraction and 7.0% was in the sand fraction. Carbon mineralization rate in the incubated samples decreased over time, and was related to both particle size fraction and tillage practice. There was very good agreement between a first-order decay model (Ct= C1 + C0 (1-e-kt)) and measured SOC mineralization rates for all size fractions and tillages. The C mineralization data indicated that: (1) the SOC in the clay and sand fractions was more decomposable than the SOC in the silt fraction; and (2) the SOC associated with the clay and silt fractions was more readily decomposable under no-till than under mouldboard plough.
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Barut, Zeliha Bereket, and Serkan Özdemir. "A Research on Metal and Metallurgical Properties of Chisel Plough Shanks." BIO Web of Conferences 85 (2024): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248501007.
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Reduced tillage forms a subgroup of conservation tillage. In this system, chisel or disc tools are generally used for primary soil tillage, and milling machines, disc tools or cultivators are used for secondary soil tillage and seedbed preparation. The entire area is tillaged so that the plant residues are on the soil surface and prone to the surface. It provides significant fuel and energy savings compared to conventional tillage due to less machine traffic. In order to ensure sustainability, conservation tillage (using a chisel instead of the mouldboard plough that works by turning the soil) as an alternative to conventional tillage and the development of agricultural tools and machines used for this purpose have gained great importance. Chisel is a soil cultivation tool widely used in stubble destruction and conservation tillage system. It is known that the chisel provides significant savings in terms of fuel consumption compared to the mouldboard plough. For a chisel construction that can operate at an optimal level, the basic requirement is to have optimal material quality, optimal weight and optimal cost. In this research, the physical and chemical processes of chisel shanks produced as cast steel were examined. It is of primary importance that it provides minimum fuel consumption with its optimal chemical content, easy mounting to the chassis, unbreakable model structure and angles. A casting and agricultural machinery company that helped with the study was visited and the GS-52 steel casting process, which is widely used for chisel shank in our country, was examined and tensile, yield and rupture tests were performed. As a result, it has been observed that a better construction can be created by changing the chemical content of GS-52 steel. Different trials to be carried out as the continuation of the research will help determine the optimal structure of the chisel shank.
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Jóri, István J. "Tillage Intensity and Tillage-Induced CO2Loss." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 1 (December 2004): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/progress.0.2004.1.3.
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PHILLIPS, RONALD E. "No-Tillage and Surface-Tillage Agriculture." Soil Science 144, no. 4 (October 1987): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198710000-00009.
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Wiseman, A. J. "Book review: No-tillage and Surface-tillage Agriculture. The Tillage Revolution." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 3 (September 1987): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600319.
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Barbosa, Ronny Sobreira, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Marina Pedroso Carneiro, and Camila Viana Vieira Farhate. "Root System and Its Relations with Soil Physical and Chemical Attributes in Orange Culture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041790.
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Citrus companies have sought and developed alternative systems of tillage or implanting orchards so as not to significantly alter the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and, consequently, the root development of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the physical and chemical attributes of the soil that most influence the root volume of the orange crop in different tillage systems. The experiment was carried out in the region of Avaré, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in Utissol and Oxisol. For the planting of the orange crop, the following tillages were made: minimum tillage, subsoiler tillage and soil tillage using a triple tillage implement. The physical and chemical attributes evaluated were bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil moisture, soil mean weight-diameter, soil resistance to penetration, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, exchangeable cations, potential acidity, available phosphorus, analysis of micronutrients such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and organic carbon content. The root system was evaluated using SIARCS® software. For data classification, data mining techniques were used such as attribute selection and decision tree induction. Regardless of the soil type, the use of the triple operation implement provided greater root volume for orange plants. For the Utisol area, the pH value of 4.2 was the main attribute that provided a high root volume. For the Oxisol, the presence of copper, in levels that did not generate toxicity for the plants, provided a high volume of root for the crop.
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Kelley, W. T., and D. L. Coffey. "TILLAGE, COVER AND ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS ON BROCCOLI." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 552e—552. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.552e.
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`Packman' hybrid broccoli was grown under three tillage systems at three locations in 1989 and 1990 to study the feasibility of no-till production. Tillage systems consisted of 1) conventional tillage with no winter cover, 2) conventional tillage with wheat winter cover, and 3) no-till transplanted directly into paraquat killed wheat cover. Locations were at Knoxville, Greeneville and Crossville, TN. Yield, value and marketability of broccoli was significantly reduced in no-till vs conventional tillages. The possibility that small grain cover crops have a deleterious effect on broccoli growth was then investigated. Broccoli was grown in greenhouse pots with solutions of ferulic, syringic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids at 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM concentrations and compared to controls which received only water. Shoot dry weight and plant height were both reduced with increasing acid concentrations. Soil samples were taken from field plots in 1990 and analyzed for levels of these acids using HPLC. Soils with higher levels of mulch had higher levels of ferulic and p-coumaric acid, but similar levels of the other acids. Allelopathic effects of the cover crop is a potential cause of reduced broccoli yields under no-till conditions.
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Antonov, V. G. "The effect of minimum methods of primary tillage on the structural and aggregate composition of gray forest soil in the Chuvash Republic." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 6 (December 13, 2020): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.6.733-742.
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The article informs on the 2006-2019 studies of the effect of resource-saving methods of tillage based on the use of combined tillage units KOS-3 (1st minimum), BDM-3.2х4 (2nd minimum), Spider-6 (3rd minimum without autumn tillage) in two crop rotations (grain-fallow-row crop rotation and grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation) on the structural-aggregate composition of gray forest soil and crop yields. During the year of laying the experiment the percentage of structural aggregates (0.25-10 mm) in the soil of a grain-fallow-row crop rotation ranged from 72.2 to 74.4 %, in a grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation – from 70.1 to 73.2 %, with the structural coefficient (K) 2.60-2.91 and 2.41-2.73, respectively. For two crop rotations the structural state of the soil improved due to the effect of green manure crop rotation (К = 3.07, LSD05 = 0.13) as compared to the grain-row without green manure (К = 2.93). More significant differences according to the soil structure coefficient were obtained in studied tillages: 3.03 (plowing), 3.41 (1st minimum), 2.91 (2nd minimum), 2.65 (3d minimum) with LSD05 = 0.17. The first and the second methods of minimal tillage had an advantage over plowing as to the increase in agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) as compared with the original soil. On the average among the crop rotations the yield of grain crops by classical and 1st minimum methods of tillage (3.65-3.66 t/ha) exceeded significantly the indicators of all the rest variants with minimum tillage (by 0.15-0.43 t/ha, LSD05 = 0.10). The yield of potato in all variants with minimal soil tillage was significantly lower (by 5.1-8.3 t/ha, LSD05 = 1.44) than with plowing (27.8 t/ha). The assessment of profitability of grain crops cultivation showed the advantages of replacing the moldboard plowing for resource-saving methods using combined tillage units KOS-3 and BDM-4-3.2 which provided the yield of spring and winter wheat, barley and spring vetch at the level of 2.42-4.50 and 2.33-4.41 t/ha, respectively, with cultivation profitability of 51-64 and 44-59 %. The third minimum method of tillage decreased the cultivation profitability of grain crops and vetch by 10-15 %. The best indicators of potato production profitability (67-82 %) were achieved when using the classical variant of soil tillage.
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van der Laat, Rocio, Micheal D. K. Owen, Matt Liebman, and Ramon G. Leon. "Postdispersal Weed Seed Predation and Invertebrate Activity Density in Three Tillage Regimes." Weed Science 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 828–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00030.1.
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Field experiments were conducted near Boone, IA, to quantify postdispersal seed predation of common lambsquarters and common waterhemp in corn (2003) and soybean (2004) managed with conventional, reduced, and zero-tillage systems. Seed predation in each tillage regime was quantified using selective exclusion treatments during July through September 2003 and June through October 2004. In addition, the activity density of ground-dwelling invertebrates was estimated with pitfall traps. Choice and no-choice feeding trials were conducted in the laboratory using the most abundant weed seed predators found in the field to determine seed preferences of the potential predator organisms. The greatest seed loss occurred during July and August. In 2003, seed predation was lower in zero tillage than in conventional and reduced tillages, but no differences in seed predation between tillage regimes were observed in 2004. Maximum seed predation for common lambsquarters was 53% in 2003 and 64% in 2004. Common waterhemp seed predation reached 80% in 2003 and 85% in 2004. The majority of seed predation was by invertebrate organisms. The most common invertebrate species captured with pitfall traps were field crickets (Gryllus pennsylvanicusDe Geer [Gryllidae, Orthoptera]) and ground beetles (Harpalus pensylvanicusBurmeister [Coleoptera, Carabidae]). In 2003, field crickets were relatively more abundant in conventional and reduced tillage than in zero-tillage plots. In 2004, field crickets were more abundant in the reduced tillage than in the other two tillage regimes. No differences were detected for ground beetles among tillage regimes (P = 0.57). Choice and no-choice feeding experiments confirmed the preferences of field crickets and ground beetles for common lambsquarters and common waterhemp seeds over the larger seeds of giant foxtail and velvetleaf. Under field conditions, the activity density of field crickets was a significant predictor of common lambsquarters (r2= 0.47) and common waterhemp (r2= 0.53) seed predation. Positive relationships were also detected between the activity density of ground beetles and common lambsquarters (r2= 0.30) and common waterhemp (r2= 0.30) seed predation. This research demonstrated that weed seed predation is an important component affecting weed seedbanks and that crop management practices that favor the activity of predators such as field crickets or ground beetles could influence weed populations. Also, the results suggested that tillage is more important in determining the number of weed seeds available on the soil surface to predators than directly affecting predator activity density.
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Kabir, Zahangir. "Tillage or no-tillage: Impact on mycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-160.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous in agricultural soils. These fungi play important roles in plant nutrition and soil conservation. The persistence of AM fungi in ecosystems depends on the formation and survival of propagules (e.g., spore, hyphae and colonized roots). While spores are considered to be resistant structure that may be view as “long-term” propagules when viable host plants are not present, hyphae are considered to be the main source of inocula when host plants are present and the soil is not disturbed. Tillage is an integral part of modern agriculture that can modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of a soil. Consequently, tillage practices may also affect AM fungi. The various tillage practices used in the management of soil for maximum crop production may negatively impact the survival of AM fungal propagules. In tilled soil, certain AM species may survive while others may disappear. Because AM fungi are more abundant in the topsoil, deep plowing may dilute their propagules in a greater volume of soil, thereby reducing the level of infection of a plant root. Tillage is particularly detrimental to AM hyphae if the soil is tilled in the fall and the hyphae are detached from the host plant. Under no-till (NT), AM fungi survive better, particularly when they are close to the host crop on which they developed. There is speculation that in NT systems, plants may follow old root channels and potentially encounter more AM fungal propagules than plants growing in soil that has been tilled. Management of AM fungi in NT soil is essential to maximizing benefits to crops. This review reports how tillage practices affect AM fungi species richness, survivability and infectivity, and how conservation tillage can increase AM fungi survival, consequently improving plant phosphorus uptake and soil aggregate stability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, conservation tillage, conventional tillage, P uptake, soil aggregate stability, cover crops, crop yield
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Grichar, W. J. "Long-Term Effects of Three Tillage Systems on Peanut Grade, Yield, and Stem Rot Development1." Peanut Science 25, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-25-2-1.
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Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1987 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of long-term no-tillage, reduced-tillage, or full-tillage systems on peanut grade, yield, and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) disease development. In 3 of 10 yr the full-tillage system outyielded the no-tillage system while the reduced tillage system resulted in yield increase over no-tillage systems in 2 yr. Reduced-tillage plots had a higher incidence of stem rot than full-or no-tillage in 4 of 10 yr. In 3 of 10 yr, peanut grade (% TSMK) was lower in no-tillage than full-tillage plots. The reduced tillage system has shown promise for use in Texas for peanut. However, no-tillage peanut systems have never produced yield and quality comparable to full-tillage systems.
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Prasad, Laxmi R., Anita M. Thompson, Francisco J. Arriaga, Lydia Koropeckyj-Cox, and Yongping Yuan. "Effectiveness of Residue and Tillage Management on Runoff Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 6 (2023): 1341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15518.
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Highlights No-till and no-till residue systems were effective in reducing runoff particulate and total nutrients but increased dissolved nutrients. Maintaining >30% residue cover reduced most runoff constituents, irrespective of no-till or tillage. No-till-residue prevented runoff nutrient losses and benefitted farm revenue by avoiding tillage. Abstract. Reduced tillage management conservation practices (No-till and Reduced-till) are widely adopted in agriculture; however, understanding their overall effectiveness for water quality protection is challenging. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand and quantify the effectiveness of residue and tillage management on runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses from agricultural fields. Annual runoff and the associated sediment, and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loads were compiled from 60 peer reviewed research articles published across the United States and Canada. A total of 1575 site-years of data were categorized into tillage (<30% surface cover), no-tillage (<30% surface cover), tillage with residue (>30% surface cover), no-tillage with residue (>30% surface cover), and pasture management. No-tillage, no-tillage-residue, and tillage-residue managements were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing runoff, nutrients, and sediment loads compared to tillage. Synthesized and surveyed corn yield data were used to evaluate the economic cost effectiveness of no-tillage-residue management with respect to tillage. Across the site years (1968-2019) studied, median runoff depth for no-tillage and no-tillage-residue were 84% and 70% greater than tillage and tillage-residue management, respectively. No-tillage-residue management had up to 86% less sediment losses than tillage systems, on average, for both >30% and <30% surface cover. No-tillage-residue management was most effective, with a positive performance effectiveness of 65% to 90% in controlling sediments, particulate, and total nutrient losses in runoff compared to tillage. Cost effectiveness analysis revealed the benefits of no-tillage-residue management in reducing nutrient loads and increasing net-farm revenue by avoiding tillage operational costs. Except for dissolved phosphorus, no-tillage-residue management cost effectiveness for sediments and nutrient loads ranged from negative $6 to negative $102 per every Mg or kg of load reduction, indicating it had both economic and environmental benefits compared to tillage management. Overall, these results indicate that over the long-term, no-tillage and tillage, combined with greater than 30% residue cover, can effectively reduce sediment and nutrient losses. This work highlights the importance of crop residues on the soil surface to reduce runoff losses, even in no-tillage systems. Keywords: Conservation tillage, No-tillage, Residue cover, Tillage, Water quality.
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Gebhardt, M. R., T. C. Daniel, E. E. Schweizer, and R. R. Allmaras. "Conservation Tillage." Science 230, no. 4726 (November 8, 1985): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.230.4726.625.
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Spoor, G., and W. B. Voorhees. "Deep tillage." Soil and Tillage Research 8 (November 1986): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(86)90345-4.
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Lal, R. "Ridge-tillage." Soil and Tillage Research 18, no. 2-3 (November 1990): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(90)90053-g.
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Jones, Ordie R., and Bobby A. Stewart. "Basin tillage." Soil and Tillage Research 18, no. 2-3 (November 1990): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(90)90064-k.
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Grichar, W. James, and T. E. Boswell. "Comparison of No-tillage, Minimum, and Full Tillage Cultural Practices on Peanuts." Peanut Science 14, no. 2 (July 1, 1987): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-14-2-13.
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Abstract The no-tillage system for peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) was investigated from 1978 to 1981 in comparison with minimum and full tillage. Difficulty in controlling weeds, soil compaction, and reduced yields were problems associated with no-tillage peanut culture. No-tillage plots yielded 600 to 2400 kg/ha less than full tillage each year, while the minimum tillage plots were intermediate in yield. Peanut grades were not different except in 1980 when the no-tillage system graded less than full or minimum tillage. Disease due to southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) was not affected by tillage system except in 1980 when the full tillage plots produced a lower pod disease rating than minimum or no-tillage. Target hits were lower in the no-tillage plots than full tillage plots when averaged over the four year period.
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Upadhyaya, Shrinivasa K., Kleber P. Lancas, Abilio G. Santos-Filho, and Narendra S. Raghuwanshi. "One-pass tillage equipment outstrips conventional tillage method." California Agriculture 55, no. 5 (September 2001): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v055n05p44.
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Kireev, I. M., Z. M. Koval, V. O. Marchenko, and F. A. Zimin. "easonable Tillage Process Using Tillage Machine Working Bodies." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-6-8-13.
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Rybicki, Roman, Radomir Obroślak, Andrzej Mazur, and Michał Marzec. "ASSESSMENT OF TILLAGE TRANSLOCATION AND TILLAGE EROSION ON LOESS SLOPE BY CONTOUR MOULDBOARD TILLAGE." Journal of Ecological Engineering 17, no. 5 (2016): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/65089.
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Ogg, Alex G. "Control of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Volunteer Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Fallow with Tillage and Pronamide." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 686–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037556.
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Field studies were conducted in 1986-87 and 1988-89 to compare chiseling, disking, and skewtreading to no-till and to compare 0.3 and 0.4 kg ai ha−1pronamide applied before or after fall tillages for weed control in fallow. Chiseling or disking in October 1986 when weeds were emerged reduced the dry weight of volunteer wheat about 90% the following spring; however, only disking reduced the dry weight of downy brome 90%. Disking or skewtreading in October 1988 before weeds germinated reduced the dry weight of volunteer wheat about 95% 6 mo later, but none of the three tillages reduced the dry weight of downy brome. Pronamide applied at 0.3 and 0.4 kg ha−1to emerged downy brome and volunteer wheat with either chiseling or disking before or after herbicide application reduced the dry weight of both species 90% or more 6 mo later compared with tillage alone. If weeds did not emerge until early November, then only pronamide at 0.4 kg ha−1applied in no-till or after fall tillage controlled both species at least 90%.
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Panghaal, Dheeraj, and Pratap Singh Sangwan. "Impact of Conservation Tillage on Soil Physical Properties under Sorghum-wheat Cropping System in Semi-arid Tropics of Haryana, India." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 3 (July 10, 2024): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2024/v17i3474.
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The study was conducted at Research Farm of CCSHAU, Hisar. Three tillage (Zero tillage, conventional tillage and minimum tillage) and four P treatments (0, 45, 60, and 75 kg ha-1) were applied in wheat. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates in 0-5 cm soil depth was significantly higher under zero tillage as compared to other tillage practices. Maximum aggregation was in 5-10 cm soil depth. Amongst three tillage systems, bulk density increased with depth. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly improved under zero tillage as compared to other practices. Moisture content was significantly higher at field capacity under zero tillage as compared to other methods, while moisture content at permanent wilting point (PWP) was not affected significantly by tillage treatments. Infiltration rate was almost identical under conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices, respectively which was significantly lower than the zero tillage.
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Luna, John M., and Mary L. Staben. "Strip Tillage for Sweet Corn Production: Yield and Economic Return." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1040.
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Two strip tillage systems for sweet corn production were compared to conventional tillage systems in western Oregon. A power take-off rotary tiller configured to till six rows per pass was used in 1997 and 1998; a shank/coulter strip tillage machine was used in 1999 and 2000. A paired t test experimental design was used in field-scale, on-farm research with eight replications in 1997-98 and 12 replications in 1999-2000. Sweet corn was harvested using the participating growers' corn pickers and yield was determined. A subset of the participating growers recorded types of machinery and labor for tillage operations and total costs were computed for each tillage system. The rotary strip tillage system produced 900 kg·ha-1 greater corn yields (P = 0.11) than conventional tillage. The shank/coulter strip tillage system produced yields comparable to conventional tillage (P = 0.95). The rotary strip tillage system reduced total tillage costs by an average of $38.50/ha compared to conventional tillage (P = 0.03) and reduced machinery operating time by 0.59 h·ha-1 (P = 0.01). The shank/coulter strip tillage system reduced tillage costs by $36.50/ha compared to conventional tillage (P = 0.003) and reduced machinery operating time by 0.47 h·ha-1(P = 0.001). Slugs damaged corn in several strip tillage fields requiring the use of slug bait to prevent economic damage. Herbicides used in conventional tillage systems were generally effective in the strip tillage systems. Mechanical cultivation with standard cultivating equipment was more difficult in some of the strip tillage fields with heavy cover crop residue.
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Kumar, Sushil, Vijaya Rani, Anil Kumar, Rahul Pannu, and Aman Mor. "Effect of Conventional Tillage and Zero Tillage on Different Soil and Yield Parameters." Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology Special, no. 01 (2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56228/jart.2022.sp117.
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Conservation and conventional tillage directly affects soil environment for crop production. Conservation tillage provides a layer of crop residue which increases soil fertility, soil erosion, leaching of fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides into the ground water. Studies conducted in different climate zones showed that no-tillage resulted in acidification of surface layer when continued for several years compared to conventional tillage. Some study shows Conservation tillage enhance water infiltration rate and reduce moisture evaporation from soil, while some other study stated slower water infiltration rate in no tillage soil then on tilled. surface tillage and no tillage instead of conventional tillage are to control soil erosion, enhance crop performance, and use energy more efficiently. Decomposition of crop residues kept on the soil surface possibly release allele-chemicals which further strengthen the inhibitory effects on weed seed germination and early growth and development of weed plant. As with impact of tillage on root distribution, no-tillage causes greater and deeper water accumulation in the soil profile and greater root growth. Higher labor, animal or equipment requirement is a major drawback of conventional tillage. Conservational tillage allows elimination of several operations, depending on the conservation tillage systems used. Observation of numerous studies reveals that zero-tillage is superior to conventional tillage resulting in higher yields. Similarly several studies reveals that crops grown under zero tillage have yields as similar as or better than those grown under conventional tillage.
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Buhler, Douglas D. "Population Dynamics and Control of Annual Weeds in Corn (Zea mays) as Influenced by Tillage Systems." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (June 1992): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057295.
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Field research was conducted at Hancock, WI, from 1985 through 1987 to evaluate effects of conventional tillage, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems on population dynamics and control of annual weed species in corn grown continuously on a loamy sand soil without irrigation. In all years of the study, green foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional tillage system, while ridge tillage had densities lower than all other tillage systems. Common lambsquarters density in the chisel plow system reached nearly 500 plants m−2compared to less than 75 plants m−2in the other tillage systems when averaged over years. Average redroot pigweed densities in the no-tillage and chisel plow systems were 307 and 245 plants m−2compared to less than 25 plants m−2in the conventional and ridge tillage systems. Horseweed was observed only in no-tillage and ridge tillage plots. Green foxtail and redroot pigweed were more difficult to control in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional and ridge tillage systems with several herbicide treatments. Corn yields were not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Corn yield differences among tillage systems when the same herbicide treatment was applied appeared to be due to differences in weed control.
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Gavassoni, Walber L., Gregory L. Tylka, and Gary P. Munkvold. "Relationships Between Tillage and Spatial Patterns of Heterodera glycines." Phytopathology® 91, no. 6 (June 2001): 534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.6.534.
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The dynamics of Heterodera glycines spatial patterns were studied under different tillage systems in two naturally infested soybean fields in Iowa from 1994 to 1997. At each location, there were four different tillage treatments (conventional tillage, reduced tillage, ridge tillage, and no tillage). Soil samples were taken from 98 contiguous quadrats (5.2 m2) per plot in the fall of 1994, before any tillage was performed, and in the spring of the following 3 years shortly after planting. Cysts were extracted from soil samples by elutriation and counted, and eggs were extracted from cysts and enumerated. Spatial patterns of H. glycines populations were characterized by geostatistical analysis and variance-to-mean (VM) ratios. Semivariance values were calculated for cyst and egg densities and semivariograms were constructed. In general, there was greater spatial dependence among cyst populations than egg populations. In one field with a strongly aggregated initial H. glycines population, tillage practices resulted in changes in spatial patterns of H. glycines populations, characterized by spherical-model semivariogram parameters (sill, nugget effect, and range of spatial dependence). These parameters indicated increasing aggregation over time in no tillage and ridge tillage treatments, but decreasing aggregation in reduced and conventional tillage treatments. There was an increase of 350% in sill values (maximum semivariance) for cyst populations after 3 years of no tillage, but in the conventional tillage treatment, sill values remained unchanged or decreased over time as tillage was implemented. Semivariograms for cyst and egg population densities revealed strong anisotropy (directional spatial dependence) along soybean rows, coincident with the direction of tillage practices. VM ratios for cyst counts increased each year in the no tillage and ridge tillage treatments, but decreased for 2 years in reduced tillage and conventional tillage treatments. Final VM ratios for cyst and egg counts were highest in the no tillage treatment. In a second field, with low initial aggregation of H. glycines populations, there was little measurable change in semivariogram parameters after 3 years of no tillage, but in the conventional tillage treatment, populations became less aggregated, as the range, sill, and the proportion of the sill explained by spatial dependence decreased for cyst population densities. Our results indicated that in soybean fields with initially aggregated populations of H. glycines, no tillage and ridge tillage systems promoted aggregation of the nematode population, whereas conventional and reduced tillage systems resulted in a less aggregated spatial pattern.
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Abidela Hussein, Misbah, Habtamu Muche, Petra Schmitter, Prossie Nakawuka, Seifu A. Tilahun, Simon Langan, Jennie Barron, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "Deep Tillage Improves Degraded Soils in the (Sub) Humid Ethiopian Highlands." Land 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8110159.
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Intensification of rainfed agriculture in the Ethiopian highlands has resulted in soil degradation and hardpan formation, which has reduced rooting depth, decreased deep percolation, and increased direct runoff and sediment transport. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential impact of subsoiling on surface runoff, sediment loss, soil water content, infiltration rate, and maize yield. Three tillage treatments were replicated at five locations: (i) no tillage (zero tillage), (ii) conventional tillage (ox-driven Maresha plow, up to a depth of 15 cm), and (iii) manual deep ripping of the soil’s restrictive layers down to a depth of 60 cm (deep till). Results show that the posttreatment bulk density and penetration resistance of deep tillage was significantly less than in the traditional tillage and zero-tillage systems. In addition, the posttreatment infiltration rate for deep tillage was significantly greater, which resulted in significantly smaller runoff and sedimentation rates compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage. Maize yields were improved by 6% under deep tillage compared to conventional tillage and by 29% compared to no tillage. Overall, our findings show that deep tillage can be effective in overcoming some of the detrimental effects of hardpans in degraded soils.
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Kelley, William Terry, and David L. Coffey. "SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN VEGETABLE AND TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGES." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1172b—1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1172b.
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Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated under reduced tillage. Sequences were spring `Packman' broccoli followed by `Sunny' tomatoes or 'm.s. Ky 14 × L8 tobacco, spring broccoli/tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli, and tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled/no winter cover, conventionally tilled/wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, (elev. 251m), Greeneville, (elev. 400m) and Crossville, (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip-plot design with sequences stripped across tillages. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield was generally greater in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production. Yield and revenue of tobacco were generally lower in no-till treatments. Broccoli/tobacco sequences generally had the highest yield but varied by location. No-till produced lower quality tobacco both years at Knoxville but not at Greeneville.
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Kurok, Оleksandr, Andriy Hrytsenko, Оlena Chumachenko, and Vitaly Kryzhanivsky. "Applying ploughs for determining the optimal depth of soil cultivation: the development of the scientific views." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 62 (March 30, 2023): 237–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.62.02.33.
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The presented article examines the historical process of using deep and shallow ploughing of the fertile soil. Therefore, the most optimal option for achieving the highest possible productivity is considered, for example, multi-depth tillage of the soil, when deep, medium, shallow and surface inversion and non-inversion tillages alternate in crop rotations. In particular, when ploughing to the depth of 30 cm, the level of available moisture remains the highest during chiselling, and in conditions of deep ploughing (from 30 to 75 cm), the level of available moisture falls for any type of tillage. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that when choosing the depth of tillage, it is necessary to take into account the information on the crops to be grown and, first of all, the condition of the root layer of the specific field. Thus, in the course of the full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine and the possible food crisis in some countries of the world caused by this armed conflict, the conducted research cannot be seen as comprehensive and thorough and has further prospects.
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Petersen, Kerry L., Harry J. Mack, and Dean E. Booster. "Effect of Tillage on Sweet Corn Development and Yield." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 1 (January 1986): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.1.39.
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Abstract ‘Jubilee’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was grown under conventional and strip tillage in 1982 and under conventional tillage, strip tillage, and no-till culture in 1983. Stand establishment was decreased by strip tillage in 1982, but was lower only in the no-till treatment in 1983. Midseason plant height in strip tillage was slightly less than in conventional tillage both years, whereas the no-till plants were much shorter than in other treatments the second year. Yields of husked ears from strip tillage were 7% and 16% lower than from conventional tillage in 1982 and 1983, respectively. In 1983, yield from the no-till treatment was 31% lower than from conventional tillage. The percentage of kernel moisture always was higher from plants in strip tillage and no-till, indicating these treatments had ears that were more immature at time of harvest than in conventional tillage. Average daily soil temperatures at the 5 cm depth for the first 30 days after planting in 1983 were highest for conventional tillage, followed by strip tillage and no-till.
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Quddus, Md Abdul, Habib Mahammad Naser, Md Alamgir Siddiky, Md Razzab Ali, A. T. M. Anwarul Islam Mondol, and Md Anarul Islam. "Impact of Zero Tillage and Tillage Practice in Chickpea Production." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p106.
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The study was carried out at the field of Regional Pulses Research Station, Madaripur under Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during Rabi season (winter) to evaluate the effect of different tillage practices on growth, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea, and to compare between the zero tillage and tillage practice.The experiment was planned with five different tillage practices viz. Zero tillage (T1), Single tillage (T2), Two tillage (T3), Three tillage (T4) and Four tillage (T5), and it was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Blanket dose of fertilizers of N, P, K, S, Zn and B at 20, 21, 30, 10, 3 and 1.5 kg ha-1, respectively were used in all tillage treatments. The highest mean seed yield achieved (1395 kg ha-1) in zero tillage (T1) followed by four tillage (T5) practice. The maximum number of branches plant-1 and more number of pods plant-1 was recorded in zero tillage treatment. Nutrient content showed non-significant effect across most of the treatment. The highest nodulation and nutrient (N, P, K and S) uptake was also obtained from T1 treatment. Tillage practices exhibited positive effects on soil properties. The highest soil organic carbon, total N, available P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn and B were found in zero tillage (T1). Based on profitability, the zero tillage was economically viable with compared to tillage practice. Although this practice (T1) saves the money about 3.8% to 13.7% and time also saves minimum 8 days for succeeding crops. So, the present study suggests that zero tillage practice could be implemented in the high and medium high land for chickpea cultivation. Low income farmers may practice the zero tillage technology. Future research should be carried out to evaluate the suitable rate of nutrient in zero tillage (conservative tillage) practice for yield maximization of chickpea and sustaining soil fertility.
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Estevam, Rodrigo Fernandes Herrera, Devison Souza Peixoto, José Fernandes de Melo Filho, Helen Carla Santana Amorim, Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira, and Aline Oliveira Silva. "Soil properties sensitive to degradation caused by increasing intensity of conventional tillage." Soil Research 59, no. 8 (2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20296.
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Increased conventional tillage intensity causes soil degradation in agrosystems. In this field experiment, we evaluate the sensitivity of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties under varying soil tillage intensities. The treatments were: TI0 (tillage intensity zero); TI2 (tillage intensity two); TI4 (tillage intensity four); TI6 (tillage intensity six); and TI8 (tillage intensity eight). These treatments corresponded to two tillage seasons (dry and rainy conditions) with four tillage intensities of conventional tillage (ploughing+harrowing) performed monthly. The restorative role of crop growth and rotations in soil properties was not considered in this study, and the interval between soil tillage was short. After the second tillage season, we determined 31 soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Biological properties were more affected by conventional tillage intensity than physical and chemical properties. The most sensitive soil properties to the increasing tillage intensities were aggregate weighted mean diameter (WMD), percentage of aggregates (PA), bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (Mac), microporosity (Mic), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), total microbial activity (FDA), arylsulfatase (Ary), acid phosphatase (Phos), and xylanase activity (Xyl). A minimum data set including WMD, Mac, SOM, and Xyl was suggested. The highest intensity of conventional tillage reduced WMD, Xyl and Mac by 28%, 51%, and 63%, respectively, and increased SOM by 14% relative to the control. This work may guide managers on the best soil properties for monitoring the impacts of soil tillage on soil quality in agricultural areas that routinely use conventional tillage as a management practice.
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Karim, MR, MM Alam, JK Ladha, MS Islam, and MR Islam. "Effect of different irrigation and tillage methods on yield and resource use efficiency of boro rice (Oryza sativa)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 1 (August 25, 2014): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20165.
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An experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm during 2010-11 to evaluate yield and resource use efficiency of transplanted boro rice under two tillage and three irrigation methods. Two tillage methods viz., conventional tillage with puddle transplanted rice and reduced tillage unpuddled transplanted rice and three irrigation methods viz., sprinkler irrigation, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and flood irrigation were used as treatment variables. Grain yield was 7.62% higher in sprinkler and 4.72% higher in AWD irrigation method over flood irrigation method. Irrespective of tillage methods, reduced tillage method holds 4.62% higher yield production over conventional tillage method. Water use efficiency was found highest in sprinkler irrigation method (0.83 kg/m3) and in reduced tillage method (0.773 kg/m3). Labour required for land preparation was 15 md/ha in reduced tillage, whereas it was 38 md/ha in conventional tillage method. Seedling uprooting and transplanting required higher labour in reduced tillage method over conventional tillage. Fuel consumptions (49.78 l/ha) and electricity (3475.11 Kwhr/ha) was also less in reduced tillage method. Reduced tillage had less land preparation and fuel cost over conventional tillage method. But seedling uprooting and transplanting cost was higher in reduced tillage. Irrigation and total cost of production was 7753 Tk./ha and 69972 Tk./ha in Sprinkler × RT method. Benefit cost ratio was also higher in sprinkler irrigation (1.81) and reduced tillage method (1.82). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20165 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 151-163, March 2014
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Lenka, S., S. K. Malviya, N. K. Lenka, S. Sahoo, S. Bhattacharjya, R. C. Jain, J. K. Saha, and A. K. Patra. "Manure addition influences the effect of tillage on soil aggregation and aggregate associated carbon in a Vertisol of central India." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-221.
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Aim: To study the combined effect of tillage and manure addition on bulk soil and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in Vertisol. Methodology: The study was conducted in a long-term tillage experiment having two tillage treatments (reduced tillage and no-tillage) together with100% NPK fertilizer without (T1) and with addition of farm yard manure (T2) @ 2.0 ton C ha-1 to soybean in a soybean-wheat cropping system in a Vertisol of Central India, with three replicates in a split plot design. The parameters studied were aggregate size distribution, mean weight diameter, water stable aggregates, bulk soil and aggregate associated organic carbon, available nitrogen and rate of carbon mineralization. Results: The results indicated significantly higher SOC in reduced tillage (0.87%) than no-tillage (0.71%) under100% NPK fertilization in the bulk soil for 0-15 cm depth. However, 100% NPK + FYM showed a significant increase in the bulk soil organic carbon in the no-tillage treatment only. Available nitrogen content in the bulk soil and aggregate fractions were significantly lower under no-tillage than the corresponding reduced tillage treatments. Manure addition led to significantly higher available N content and proportion of WSA in both the tillage practices. The carbon mineralization was significantly higher by 1.4 to 1.6 times under reduced tillage than no-tillage. Interpretation: Long-term tillage study in Vertisol of Central India indicated reduced tillage to be a better option than no-tillage in maintaining organic carbon and nitrogen availability in soil.
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Faircloth, W. H., D. L. Rowland, M. C. Lamb, and K. S. Balkcom. "Interaction of Tillage System and Irrigation Amount on Peanut Performance in the Southeastern U.S." Peanut Science 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps12-1.1.
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Abstract A five-year study to investigate the potential interaction of conservation tillage with reduced irrigation amounts was conducted near Dawson, GA on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Conventional tillage was compared to two conservation tillage programs (wide-strip and narrow-strip tillage) under four irrigation levels (100, 66, 33, and 0% of a recommended amount). Peanut yield did not exhibit a tillage by irrigation interaction as expected, although the main effects of irrigation and tillage were each significant by year due to weather variations. Peanut yield in narrow-strip tillage or wide-strip tillage were individually superior to conventional tillage in three seasons out of five, however only in one year did both conservation tillage systems outperform the conventional system. No detrimental effects on yields could be attributed to conservation tillage. Peanut quality and digging loss were dependent on the tillage by year effect as well as the main effect of irrigation. Irrigation increased total sound mature kernels (TSMK) 2% versus non-irrigated (0% irrigation level); tillage was not significant each year of the study but increased TSMK 2% in three of five years. Digging losses were greater in plots with increased yield potential such as those receiving irrigation. Net economic returns revealed a moderate trend towards sustained profitability under reduced irrigation levels through narrow-strip tillage and to a lesser extent, wide-strip tillage. Under conventional tillage systems, returns decreased with decreasing amounts of irrigation applied.
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Chawala, Karittika, and Meharban Singh Kahlon. "Effect of land management practices on soil moisture storage characteristics." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1635.
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A field study was conducted to evaluate moisture storage in soil profile under four tillage-residue management practices namely conventional tillage, no-tillage without residue, no-tillage with residue and deep tillage along with three irrigation regime based on IW/PAN-E ratio 1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 in maize with three replications in split plot design. Significant differences were observed in steady state infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration among different land management practices with maximum value in deep tillage (4.9 cm hr-1 and 33.1 cm) followed by no tillage with residue (4.1cm hr-1 and 28.6 cm), no tillage without residue (4.0 cm hr-1 and 23.0 cm) and conventional tillage (2.8 cm hr-1 and 19.4 cm), respectively. The highest mean weight diameter and water stable aggregates were found under no tillage with residue (0.64 mm and 49.7%) and lowest under deep tillage (0.3 mm and 21.8%), respectively. Higher volumetric soil water content and soil profile moisture storage were recorded under no tillage with residue at different days after sowing. Among different tillage-residue management practices, maximum leaf area index and relative leaf water content were observed in no-tillage with residue. Under moisture stress conditions, no-tillage with residue retention was suitable land management option for reducing evaporation losses and enhancing moisture storage in the soil profile.
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Bissett, MJ, and GJ Oleary. "Effects of conservation tillage and rotation on water infiltration in two soils in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 34, no. 2 (1996): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960299.
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The infiltration of water under long-term (8–10 years) conservation tillage (zero and subsurface tillage with stubble retention) and conventional tillage (frequent tined tillage with no surface residues) systems was compared on a grey cracking clay and a sandy loam soil in south-eastern Australia. Potential infiltration rates were higher under conservation tillage on both soil types. On the grey clay soil, stubble retention and zero tillage produced up to an 8-fold increase (from 12–33 to 145–206 mm/h) in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) compared with the conventional practice of removing stubble by burning or grazing, followed by frequent tillage to control weeds. An annual application of nitrogen at 20–60 kg/ha had no significant effect on Ks. Similarly, on the sandy loam soil a 2-fold increase in Ks was observed from conservation tillage. Increases in Ks from approximately 46 to 96 mm/h occurred in rotations which included an 18-month fallow with conservation tillage (stubble retention and zero tillage) compared with conventional tillage (stubble removed and frequent tillage). A continuous rotation of pasture and wheat under conventional tillage had a significantly lower Ks of 22–23 mm/h which was increased to 47–49 mm/h with stubble retention and zero tillage. These differences in Ks explain an important mechanism for increased water storage on these soil types under reduced tillage.
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Islam, AKM Saiful, MM Hossain, and MA Saleque. "Conservation agriculture options for a Rice-Maize cropping systems in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Rice Journal 18, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v18i1-2.23002.
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Over the last two decades, Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-Maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems have become one of the most dominant cropping systems in Bangladesh. This has coincided with the expansion in use of two-wheel tractors, which has facilitated options for minimum tillage. A three-year trial examined the prospects of conservation agriculture practices for Rice-Maize cropping in Bangladesh, with respect to minimum tillage and residue retention. Main plot tillage treatments of conventional full tillage, single pass wet tillage in rice (rotated with zero tillage in maize), bed planting and strip tillage were combined with residue retention treatments of 0, 50 and 100% in sub-plots. Compared to conventional tillage, minimum tillage saved 60-66% of fuel and 70-74% of labour required for land preparation. Although minimum tillage reduced the land preparation cost significantly through saving fuel and labour, weed infestation was higher compared to conventional tillage, which influenced the cost of production. Rice seedlings transplanted under unpuddled strip tillage required more time than in conventional or single pass wet tillage due to poor visibility of strips and the hard surface of untilled soil. Bed planting incurred the lowest production cost. Tillage methods and residue treatment produced no significant grain yield differences. Rice grown with single pass wet tillage and maize grown with strip tillage gave the highest gross margin over time. Despite lack of treatment effects on yields, the results suggest that profitability of Rice-Maize cropping could be increased with minimum tillage, provided there is adequate control of weeds by herbicides.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 44-53
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Mikanová, O., M. Javůrek, M. Vach, and A. Markupová. "The influence of tillage on selected biological parameters ." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 6 (November 17, 2011): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3440-pse.
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The influence of tillage (conventional and non-tillage) on selected soil microbial properties was studied. The experiment focused on tillage that was launched in Prague-Ruzyne in 1997. The experiment included the following variants: conventional tillage, protective tillage (without post harvest residues), protective tillage (with residue biomass – mulch), protective tillage (covered by pea crop residues for winter wheat, with fore crop). In the field experiment there were tested: enzymatic activities (activity of urease, dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase and invertase) and microbial biomass. The microbial biomass and soil microbial processes were affected by tillage. Our results show the positive influence of protection tillage on selected biological parameters, especially in variants where soil was supplied with organic matter.
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Weber, Jonas, Christoph Kunz, Gerassimos Peteinatos, Sabine Zikeli, and Roland Gerhards. "Weed Control Using Conventional Tillage, Reduced Tillage, No-Tillage, and Cover Crops in Organic Soybean." Agriculture 7, no. 5 (May 4, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7050043.
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Lonsbary, Sheryl K., John O'Sullivan, and Clarence J. Swanton. "Reduced Tillage Alternatives for Machine-harvested Cucumbers." HortScience 39, no. 5 (August 2004): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.5.991.
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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is grown using intensive tillage practices, which increase the cost of production and may lead to an increase in soil and water erosion. Research on alternative tillage practices for cucumber production has been limited primarily to exploring the benefits of no tillage. Alternative tillage practices, such as disking (one pass with a tandem disk) and zone tillage (one pass with a Trans-till) have not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of reduced tillage practices on the growth, development, and yield of cucumbers. Seedling emergence varied between years, but was unaffected by a reduction in tillage, while cucumber leaf number, leaf area index, and vine growth were reduced by no tillage (P ≤ 0.05). Total dry matter accumulation and days to 50% open flower varied with tillage. No-tillage plots produced an average of 34 g·m-2 of dry matter compared to 47 g·m-2 for conventional tillage plots and took 1 day longer to reach 50% flower. Although growth differences were observed under all reduced tillage treatments, no reduction in total yield was observed when compared with conventional tillage yields. Alternative reduced tillage practices, such as disking or zone tillage, were found to be viable options for successful cucumber production. These alternative practices will reduce the cost of production, provide growers with greater time flexibility and ease of land preparation, and reduce the potential for water and wind erosion.
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Idowu, Omololu John, Sifat Sultana, Murali Darapuneni, Leslie Beck, Robert Steiner, and Mohammed Omer. "Tillage Effects on Cotton Performance and Soil Quality in an Irrigated Arid Cropping System." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110531.
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Reducing tillage has become necessary in irrigated, arid cropping systems in southwestern USA, to address soil degradation and erosion problems associated with intensive soil tillage. A study was conducted in arid southwestern USA, to compare a reduced tillage method (strip tillage) to two conventional tillage methods (plow tillage and raised bed tillage) for irrigated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production. Strip tillage (ST) was established in a single pass by a strip tillage equipment, while the plow tillage (PT) consisted of plowing, disking the soil twice, subsoiling and harrowing. The raised bed tillage (BT) consisted of all the tillage operations under PT method, with an additional tillage event to shape the beds. Crop and soil parameters were assessed during the growing seasons. Soil physical and biological measurements were assessed at the beginning of the trial before planting, and at the end of each cropping season. Results show no significant differences in cotton yield and fiber quality parameters under the tillage systems tested. Out of the soil physical measurements assessed, the cone index (CI) significantly differed with tillage systems during the mid-season assessments, with BT generally having better CI than ST and PT. Other physical measurements were not significant with tillage, but significantly declined over time irrespective of tillage treatments. Out of the soil biological measurements assessed, the total fungal biomass and the arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi biomass were significant with tillage, with ST and BT having higher measurements than PT. In contrast to soil physical measurements that declined, most of the soil biological measurements improved over time. Comparing some soil biological measurements at the beginning to the end of the trial across the tillage treatments, the total microbial biomass increased from 714 to 3565 ng/g, the total bacterial biomass increased from 321 to 1478 ng/g, and the total fungal biomass increased from 84 to 436 ng/g. This study shows that ST can perform adequately for sustainable cotton production in an irrigated arid region of United States.