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Journal articles on the topic 'Tiliqua Rugosa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Yang, Rongchang, Belinda Brice, Una Ryan, and Mark D. Bennett. "Eimeria tiliquae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the shingleback skink (Tiliqua rugosa rugosa)." Experimental Parasitology 133, no. 2 (February 2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.012.

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2

Bull, C. Michael, Yvonne Pamula, and Lana Schulze. "Parturition in the Sleepy Lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Herpetology 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564848.

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3

Fenner, Aaron L., Peter N. Majoros, and C. Michael Bull. "Scatting behaviour of the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 139, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2015.1074341.

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4

Christian, KA, and KE Conley. "Activity and Resting Metabolism of Varanid Lizards Compared With Typical Lizards." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 2 (1994): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940185.

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We examined whether Australian varanids as a group are more aerobic than other lizards. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximal oxygen consumption (V-O2max) were measured for four species of varanid lizards and the skink Tiliqua rugosa at 35 degrees C. These were compared to each other and to the V-O2max of the iguanid lizard Cyclura nubila by analysis of covariance with body mass as a covariate. There were no differences with respect to SMR, but the V-O2max of the lizards fell into three groups: Varanus rosenbergi, V. gouldii and V. panoptes had higher aerobic capacities than V. mertensi and Cyclura nubila, and Tiliqua rugosa had a V-O2max lower than the other species. There is no simple relationship between V-O2max and the time these lizards spend in natural activity. The summer SMRs of V. rosenbergi and T. rugosa were significantly higher than during other seasons. The V-O2max of V. rosenbergi was higher in summer than in other seasons, but T. rugosa showed no seasonal differences in V-O2max. These results indicate that the SMRs of the varanids were similar to those of other lizards, and, despite generalisations in the literature, not all varanid lizards have high aerobic capacities. Varanid lizards may be as physiologically diverse as other lizard families.

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5

Ansari, Talat Hojat, Terry Bertozzi, Jessica Hacking, Steven J. B. Cooper, and Michael G. Gardner. "Random non-coding fragments of lizard DNA: anonymous nuclear loci for the Australian skink, Tiliqua rugosa, and their utility in other Egernia-group species." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 6 (2014): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14085.

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We report the development of 48 anonymous nuclear loci from the Australian skink Tiliqua rugosa using 454 sequencing. These loci amplified across a Western Australian lineage (47 loci), a ‘northern’ lineage (48 loci) and a ‘southern’ lineage (46 loci). We further tested amplification for the related T. adelaidensis and Egernia stokesii where 37 and 34 loci amplified respectively. The loci showed variability within T. rugosa (22 polymorphic loci) and at least 27 loci also exhibited variation among the three species, highlighting the usefulness of these markers for phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetic analyses in T. rugosa and related species.

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6

Kerr, Gregory D., C. Michael Bull, and Dale Burzacott. "Refuge sites used by the scincid lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Austral Ecology 28, no. 2 (April 2003): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01268.x.

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7

Auburn, Zonnetje M., C. Michael Bull, and Gregory D. Kerr. "The visual perceptual range of a lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Ethology 27, no. 1 (March 12, 2008): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-008-0086-z.

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8

Manley, Geoffrey A., Christine Köppl, and Brian M. Johnstone. "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 167, no. 1 (May 1990): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00192409.

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9

Köppl, Christine, and Geoffrey A. Manley. "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 167, no. 1 (May 1990): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00192410.

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10

Köppl, Christine, and Geoffrey A. Manley. "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 167, no. 1 (May 1990): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00192411.

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11

Manley, Geoffrey A., Graeme K. Yates, Christine Köppl, and Brian M. Johnstone. "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 167, no. 1 (May 1990): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00192412.

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12

Köppl, Christine, Geoffrey A. Manley, and Brian M. Johnstone. "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 167, no. 1 (May 1990): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00192413.

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13

Jones, HI. "Gastrointestinal Nematodes in the Lizard Genera Tiliqua and Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920115.

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Nine species of nematode were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of 82 lizards in the genus Tiliqua and 41 lizards in the genus Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western Australia. Parapharyngodon fitzroyi, sp. nov. possesses lateral alae in males and a prominent postanal cone bearing two very small papillae. There is no sclerotised V-shaped accessory piece, and the spicular pouch opens immediately posterior to the anus. The female's tail is rounded with a small slightly posteriorly-directed terminal spike. This nematode possesses some characteristics of Thelandros, and it is suggested that the taxonomic criteria differentiating these two genera have yet to be clarified. P. fitzroyi occurred at low prevalence and generally low intensity in Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis in the centre and north of the State. Thelandros trachysauri exhibited morphological variability, with two spicule lengths in males, and a wide range in tail lengths in the female. This species predominated at high intensity in Tiliqua rugosa in the south ana west, and Pharyngodon tiliquae occurred at high intensity and prevalence in Tiliqua occipitalis.,Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis throughout the State. Despite extensive sympatry between two pairs of these oxyurid species, and a limited area of sympatry between all three, these nematodes did not occur concurrently in the same individual to any significant extent. Abbreviata antarctica occurred at high prevalence and intensity in T. occipitalis in the south and west of the State. Encysted physalopterid larvae were only seen in the stomachs of T. multifasciata, in central and northern areas. Other species recorded were Abbreviata tumidocapitis (larva only), Kreisiella lesueurii, Pseudorictularia disparilis, Physalopteroides filicauda and Maxvachonia brygooi. Differences in the nematode communities in these four lizard species can be related to host diet, geographical range of host and of nematode (possible environmental constraints on the free-living stages), and perhaps inherent insusceptibility to infection.

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14

Bull, C. M., and Y. Pamula. "Enhanced vigilance in monogamous pairs of the lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology 9, no. 5 (1998): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/9.5.452.

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15

Bull, C. Michael, and Michael J. Freake. "Home-range fidelity in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Australian Journal of Zoology 47, no. 2 (1999): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99021.

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A study was conducted at a semi-arid site near Mt Mary, South Australia. Fifty-eight adult sleepy lizards, Tiliqua rugosa, were radio-tagged and regularly located over the spring season, when they are most active, for 2-5 years. Home-range area did not differ between males and females. Changes in home-range position between years were assessed by the distance between home-range centres measured at intervals of one, two, three or four years. Mean distances for successive years were less than the span of the home range in one year. The distance did not differ between sexes, it was not related to lizard size, nor did it increase with increased time interval. This implies that for the resident adult population, lizards retain their home ranges for at least five years, and that the sexes do not differ in their fidelity to home range.

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16

Bull, C. Michael, and Steven J. B. Cooper. "Relatedness and avoidance of inbreeding in the lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46, no. 6 (November 4, 1999): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050631.

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17

Bull, Michael, and Christian Lindle. "Following trails of partners in the monogamous lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Acta ethologica 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10211-002-0063-4.

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18

Ellis, David J., Bruce T. Firth, and Ingrid Belan. "CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN THE SLEEPY LIZARD (TILIQUA RUGOSA)." Herpetologica 62, no. 3 (September 2006): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831(2006)62[259:crobti]2.0.co;2.

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19

McLaughlin, Alicia, and Anneliese Strunk. "Salpingotomy in a Shingleback Skink (Tiliqua rugosa) with Subsequent Successful Parturition." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 29, no. 1-2 (May 20, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/18-07-160.1.

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20

Bull, C. M., M. Doherty, L. R. Schulze, and Y. Pamula. "Recognition of Offspring by Females of the Australian Skink, Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Herpetology 28, no. 1 (March 1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564693.

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21

Bull, C. Michael, Adam McNally, and George Dubas. "Asynchronous Seasonal Activity of Male and Female Sleepy Lizards, Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Herpetology 25, no. 4 (December 1991): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564766.

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22

C., Smallridge, and Bull C. "Infection dynamics of Hemolivia mariae in the sleepy lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Parasitology Research 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360100430.

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23

Fergusson, B., and D. Algar. "Home Range and Activity Patterns of Pregnant Female Skinks, Tiliqua-Rugosa." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860287.

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Published estimates of the home range size and movements of the skink Tiliqua rugosa reveal high variability between lizards at any one time and also between seasons. Differences between the sexes could account for some of this variability. In particular, it could be anticipated that the greater body weight of pregnant females restricts movements and thereby reduces home range size. However, movements and home range size of pregnant females in late summer are not significantly different from estimates based on both sexes. This cannot be explained by extensive foraging to sustain the growth of the fetus(es), because the pregnant females maintain relatively constant body weight until parturition. It is still not clear what determines home range size in this lizard.

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24

Mayner, Lidia, Ken Sanderson, and C. Michael Bull. "Brain Organization and Retinal Pathways in the Sleepy Lizard, Tiliqua Rugosa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 133, no. 2 (January 2009): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2009.10887119.

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25

Köppl, Christine. "Morphology of the basilar papilla of the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Hearing Research 35, no. 2-3 (September 1988): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(88)90119-0.

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26

Youngman, Nicholas J., Joshua Llinas, and Bryan G. Fry. "Evidence for Resistance to Coagulotoxic Effects of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms by Sympatric Prey (Blue Tongue Skinks) but Not by Predators (Monitor Lizards)." Toxins 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090590.

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Some Australian elapids possess potently procoagulant coagulotoxic venoms which activate the zymogen prothrombin into the functional enzyme thrombin. Although the activity of Australian elapid prothrombin-activators has been heavily investigated with respect to the mammalian, and in particular, human clotting cascades, very few studies have investigated the activity of their venom upon reptile plasmas. This is despite lizards representing both the primary diet of most Australian elapids and also representing natural predators. This study investigated the procoagulant actions of a diverse range of Australian elapid species upon plasma from known prey species within the genera Tiliqua (blue tongue skinks) as well as known predator species within the genera Varanus (monitor lizards). In addition to identifying significant variation in the natural responses of the coagulation cascade between species from the genera Tiliqua and Varanus relative to each other, as well as other vertebrate lineages, notable differences in venom activity were also observed. Within the genus Tiliqua, both T. rugosa and T. scincoides plasma displayed significant resistance to the procoagulant activity of Pseudechis porphyriacus venom, despite being susceptible to all other procoagulant elapid venoms. These results indicate that T. rugosa and T. scincoides have evolved resistance within their plasma to the coagulotoxic venom activity of the sympatric species P. porphyriacus. Other venoms were able to activate Tiliqua prothrombin, which suggests that the lessened activity of P. porphyriacus venom is not due to modifications of the prothrombin and may instead be due to a serum factor that specifically binds to P. porphyriacus toxins, as has been previously seen for squirrels resistant to rattlesnake venom. In contrast, none of the predatory lizards studied (Varanus giganteus, V. mertensi and V. varius) demonstrated resistance to the venom. This suggests that the mechanical protection afforded by thick osteodermic scales, and prey handling behaviour, removes a selection pressure for the evolution of resistance in these large predatory lizards. These results therefore reveal differential interactions between venoms of snakes with sympatric lizards that are on opposite sides of the predator–prey arms race.

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27

Firth, B. T., M. B. Thompson, D. J. Kennaway, and I. Belan. "Thermal sensitivity of reptilian melatonin rhythms: "cold" tuatara vs. "warm" skink." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): R1160—R1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.5.r1160.

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Daily rhythms in plasma melatonin levels were compared in two ecologically diverse reptilian species under natural environmental conditions in autumn. The nocturnal, cold temperature-adapted tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) had a melatonin rhythm of much lower amplitude than did the diurnal desert-adapted sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa). Experiments in controlled laboratory environments showed that, although both species are capable of attaining a comparable melatonin peak (approximately 750 pmol/l), the threshold temperature at which a significant daily rhythm occurs is approximately 15 degrees C in S. punctatus compared with approximately 25 degrees C in T. rugosa. This difference probably reflects the disparate thermoregulatory adaptations of the two species, S. punctatus favoring mean activity temperatures of 11.5 degrees C and T. rugosa, 32.5 degrees C. In ectotherms such as reptiles, therefore, species-typical thermoregulatory behavior may provide thermal cues that interact with photoperiod to provide the appropriate melatonin signal for the regulation of annual physiological cycles.

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28

Lancaster, Melanie L., Michael G. Gardner, Alison J. Fitch, Talat H. Ansari, and Anita K. Smyth. "A direct benefit of native saltbush revegetation for an endemic lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 3 (2012): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12063.

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Land alteration for intensive agriculture has been a major cause of species decline and extinction globally. In marginal grazing regions of southern Australia, native perennial shrubs are increasingly being planted to supplement pasture feeding of stock. Such revegetation has the benefits of reducing erosion and salinity, and importantly, the potential provision of habitat for native fauna. We explored the use of revegetated native saltbush by the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) an endemic Australian species common in the region. We repeatedly sampled revegetated saltbush throughout 2010 and 2011 for adults (n = 55) and juveniles (n = 26). Using genotypes from eight microsatellite loci, parents were assigned to half of all juveniles with high statistical confidence. Parents were sampled in the same patch of revegetated saltbush as their offspring, thus supporting the observation that juvenile sleepy lizards remain within the home range of their parents before dispersal. Most importantly, our findings indicate that revegetated saltbush provides important habitat for T. rugosa at significant life stages – before and during breeding for adults, and before dispersal for juveniles. We conclude that revegetation using simple, monoculture plantations provides beneficial habitat for T. rugosa and may also be beneficial habitat for other native species in human-altered agricultural landscapes.

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29

Kerr, Gregory D., and C. Michael Bull. "Exclusive core areas in overlapping ranges of the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology 17, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arj041.

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30

Bull, C. Michael, Steven J. B. Cooper, and Ben C. Baghurst. "Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilization in an Australian lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 44, no. 1 (October 19, 1998): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050515.

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31

Firth, Bruce T., Ingrid Belan, David J. Kennaway, and Robert W. Moyer. "Thermocyclic entrainment of lizard blood plasma melatonin rhythms in constant and cyclic photic environments." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): R1620—R1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.6.r1620.

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We assessed how chronic exposure to 6-h cryophase temperatures of 15°C in an otherwise 33°C environment entrains the rhythm of blood plasma melatonin rhythms in lizards ( Tiliqua rugosa) subjected to constant dark (DD), constant light (LL), and to 12:12-h light-dark cycles (12L:12D). The peak of the melatonin rhythm was entrained by the cryophase temperature of the thermocycle in DD and LL, irrespective of the time at which the cryophase temperature was applied. Comparable thermocycles of 6 h at 15°C imposed on a 12L:12D photocycle, however, affected the amplitude and phase of the melatonin rhythm, depending on the phase relationship between light and temperature. Cold pulses in the early light period and at midday resulted, respectively, either in low amplitude or nonexistent melatonin rhythms, whereas those centered in or around the dark phase elicited rhythms of high amplitude. Supplementary experiments in 12L:12D using two intermittent 6-h 15°C cryophases, one delivered in the midscotophase and another in the midphotophase, elicited melatonin rhythms comparable to those in lizards subjected to constant 33°C and 12L:12D. In contrast, lizards subjected to 12L:12D and a 33°C:15°C thermocycle, whose thermophase was aligned with the photophase, produced a threefold increase in the amplitude of the melatonin rhythm. Taken together, these results support the notion that there is an interaction between the external light and temperature cycle and a circadian clock in determining melatonin rhythms in Tiliqua rugosa.

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32

Twigg, LE, and RJ Mead. "Comparative Metabolism of, and Sensitivity to, Fluoroacetate in Geographically Separated Populations of Tiliqua-Rugosa (Gray) (Scincidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 6 (1989): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890617.

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Populations of Tiliqua rugosa which coexist with fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation were much less sensitive to fluoroacetate intoxification than were conspecifics not exposed to the toxic plants. However, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for this toxicity differential were not ascertained. Liver acetone powder preparations from both conspecifics were similar in their abilities to detoxify fluoroacetate by defluorination, and to convert fluoroacetate into fluorocitrate. The aconitate hydratase in these preparations was also similarly inhibited by (-)erythro-fluorocitrate. These findings, and other possibilities which could be responsible for the toxicity differential, are discussed.

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33

Twigg, LE, RJ Mead, and DR King. "Metabolism of Fluoroacetate in the Skink (Tiliqua rugosa) and the Rat (Rattus norvegicus)." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9860001.

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Administration of 100 mg sodium fiuoroacetate (compound 1080) per kilogram body weight to T. rugosa resulted in a 3 �4-fold increase in plasma citrate levels 48 h after dosing while administration of 3 mg sodium fiuoroacetate per kilogram body weight to R. norvegicus produced a fivefold increase in plasma citrate levels within 4 h. Administration of 300 mg sodium fiuoroacetate per kilogram body weight reduced the oxygen consumption of the skink by between 2�5 and 11 % while in the rat, 2 mg sodium fiuoroacetate per kilogram body weight reduced oxygen consumption by between 28 and 57%.

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34

Bourne, A. R., B. J. Stewart, and T. G. Watson. "Changes in blood progesterone concentration during pregnancy in the lizard Tiliqua (Trachydosaurus) rugosa." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 84, no. 3 (January 1986): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(86)90368-3.

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35

Ellis, David J., Bruce T. Firth, and Ingrid Belan. "Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and temperature selection in sleepy lizards, Tiliqua rugosa." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 193, no. 7 (April 25, 2007): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-007-0224-z.

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36

New, Shaun T. D., and C. Michael Bull. "Retinal ganglion cell topography and visual acuity of the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 197, no. 6 (March 9, 2011): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-011-0635-8.

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37

Main, A. R., and C. M. Bull. "The impact of tick parasites on the behaviour of the lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Oecologia 122, no. 4 (March 2000): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050981.

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38

Leu, Stephan T., Peter M. Kappeler, and C. Michael Bull. "The influence of refuge sharing on social behaviour in the lizard Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, no. 4 (November 3, 2010): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-010-1087-9.

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39

Twigg, L. E., D. R. King, and A. J. Bradley. "The effect of sodium monofluoroacetate on plasma testosterone concentration in Tiliqua rugosa (gray)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 91, no. 2 (January 1988): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(88)90040-0.

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40

New, Shaun T. D., Jan M. Hemmi, Gregory D. Kerr, and C. Michael Bull. "Ocular Anatomy and Retinal Photoreceptors in a Skink, the Sleepy Lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 295, no. 10 (July 31, 2012): 1727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22546.

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41

Bourne, A. R., J. L. Taylor, and T. G. Watson. "Annual cycles of plasma and testicular androgens in the lizard Tiliqua (Trachydosaurus) rugosa." General and Comparative Endocrinology 61, no. 2 (February 1986): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(86)90205-4.

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42

Huf, P. A., A. R. Bourne, and T. G. Watson. "Identification of testosterone sulfate in the plasma of the male lizard tiliqua rugosa." General and Comparative Endocrinology 66, no. 3 (June 1987): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(87)90245-0.

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43

Rehorek, Susan J., Jeremy J. Baker, Mark N. Hutchinson, and Bruce T. Firth. "The Harderian gland of two species of skink (Tiliqua rugosa and Hemiergis decresiensis): a discussion of the significance of lymphatic tissue in the squamate Harderian gland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 5 (May 2006): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-053.

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The Harderian gland is an orbital structure ubiquitous in reptiles. Numerous functions have been ascribed to this gland, including osmoregulation, chemoreception, and immunity. The anatomical, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of the Harderian gland of two species of skink, Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825) and Hemiergis decresiensis (Cuvier, 1829), were examined. Mucous and serous secretory cells were observed in both species. In T. rugosa, mucous cells are located in a small anterior region, while serous cells occupy most of the gland. In contrast, the Harderian gland of H. decresiensis contains mainly serous cells, with a few anteriorly located mucous cells. In both species, the serous granules exhibit internal compartmentalization. There is no evidence of either lipid secretions or salt secreting cells. However, there were either a few plasma cells (H. decresiensis) or several lymphatic aggregations (T. rugosa) in the serous portion of the gland. The presence of such lymphatic tissue may suggest a role in either the head-associated lymphatic tissue (HALT) system or the eye-associated lymphatic tissue (EALT). The difference between these two is based upon terminology, the consolidation of which would allow meaningful comparative analyses. The presence of lymphatic tissue implies that the Harderian gland could play a role in ocular immunity.

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Gardner, Michael G., Juan J. Sanchez, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Leah Rheinberger, Annabel L. Smith, and Kathleen M. Saint. "Tiliqua rugosa microsatellites: isolation via enrichment and characterisation of loci for multiplex PCR in T. rugosa and the endangered T. adelaidensis." Conservation Genetics 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2007): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9316-0.

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Ellis, David J., Bruce T. Firth, and Ingrid Belan. "THERMOCYCLIC AND PHOTOCYCLIC ENTRAINMENT OF CIRCADIAN LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY RHYTHMS IN SLEEPY LIZARDS,TILIQUA RUGOSA." Chronobiology International 26, no. 7 (October 2009): 1369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420520903412392.

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Taggart, Patrick L., Stephan T. Leu, Orr Spiegel, Stephanie S. Godfrey, Andrew Sih, and C. Michael Bull. "Endure your parasites: Sleepy Lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) movement is not affected by their ectoparasites." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 12 (December 2018): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0352.

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Abstract:

Movement is often used to indicate host vigour, as it has various ecological and evolutionary implications, and has been shown to be affected by parasites. We investigate the relationship between tick load and movement in the Australian Sleepy Lizard (Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825)) using high resolution GPS tracking. This allowed us to track individuals across the entire activity season. We hypothesized that tick load negatively affects host movement (mean distance moved per day). We used a multivariate statistical model informed by the ecology and biology of the host and parasite, their host–parasite relationship, and known host movement patterns. This allowed us to quantify the effects of ticks on lizard movement above and beyond effects of other factors such as time in the activity season, lizard body condition, and stress. We did not find any support for our hypothesis. Instead, our results provide evidence that lizard movement is strongly driven by internal state (sex and body condition independent of tick load) and by external factors (environmental conditions). We suggest that the Sleepy Lizard has largely adapted to natural levels of tick infection in this system. Our results conform to host–parasite arms race theory, which predicts varying impacts of parasites on hosts in natural systems.

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Zuri, I., and C. M. Bull. "The use of visual cues for spatial orientation in the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 4 (April 2, 2000): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-243.

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Abstract:

The sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) is a large, long-lived terrestrial Australian skink. In the present study we investigated the ability of sleepy lizards to use different visual cues for spatial orientation. The lizards were trained to locate shelters in certain places and then trained to certain signals associated with their shelters. In the absence of surrounding visual cues the lizards preferred familiar sites that were previously associated with their shelters. However, when presented with signals that had been associated with their shelters, they chose the vicinity of these familiar signals, even after their displacement to new sites. The lizards discriminated between black and white signals and between triangular and circular signals but not between red and green signals. Previous studies had shown that sleepy lizards exhibit home-range fidelity, raising the question of which environmental cues are important for them for spatial orientation within their home ranges. We suggest that the ability of sleepy lizards to discriminate between visual signals of different shapes and degrees of brightness enables them to "memorize" certain fixed landmarks in their large home ranges and to orient accordingly.

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Bull, C. Michael, and Ben C. Baghurst. "Home range overlap of mothers and their offspring in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42, no. 5 (May 8, 1998): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050448.

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Bourne, A. R., J. L. Taylor, and T. G. Watson. "Identification of epitestosterone in the plasma and testis of the lizard Tiliqua (Trachydosaurus) rugosa." General and Comparative Endocrinology 58, no. 3 (June 1985): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(85)90111-x.

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Kerr, Gregory D., C. Michael Bull, and Duncan Mackay. "Human Disturbance and Stride Frequency in the Sleepy Lizard (Tiliqua rugosa): Implications for Behavioral Studies." Journal of Herpetology 38, no. 4 (December 2004): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/13-04a.

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