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1
Zhang, Tao Tao, and Fei Wang. "The Air Tightness Test Method of the High Speed Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.482.
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The tightness of interior space in condition of a high speed train with its side door, side window closed called train air-tightness. The paper introduces the air tightness of the high speed train and the basic methods for air tightness testing. It also applies a constant pressure leak model to test and points out that the importance of air tightness for high speed train.
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Agnihotri, Dhara Santosh, Anjali R. Bhise, and Krutarth Purnendu Shah. "Validity & Reliability of Vonfidans (Het’s Device to Instantly Test Vaginal Tightness) to Test the Vaginal Tightness." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 8, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20230403.
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Vaginal laxity is a very common issue faced by many females. Looseness in the vagina is explained as laxity. Vaginal laxity can result into pelvic floor dysfunctions like urine leakage, pelvic organ prolapse, sexual dysfunction, reduced vaginal sensations, low back pain etc. Pregnancy and childbirth can be considered as the most common cause for developing vaginal laxity. In spite being so common condition, vaginal laxity is very less discussed and reported issue. By far there is no tool to test the vaginal tightness (strength of pelvic floor muscles). This study was aimed to measure the validity and reliability of Vonfidans to test the vaginal tightness. An observational study was conducted across 1011 participants who were classified as asymptomatic, urine leakage, sexual dysfunction, fecal leakage, having more than 1 symptoms. Outcome measure of VLQ, FSFI, MOS, PFDI – 20 were analysed with the results of Vonfidans to check for the validity of Vonfidans to current level of vaginal tightness. This study concluded that Vonfidans is reliable and valid tool to measure current level of vaginal tightness. Keywords:Vonfidans, Reduced Vaginal Laxity, Vaginal Tightness.
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Deshmukh, Aishwarya, Archana Nagargoje, and Abhijit Diwate. "PREVALENCE OF HAMSTRING AND ILIOTIBIAL BAND TIGHTNESS IN NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS." VIMS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimsjpt.2106.
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Background- An observational study was conducted on 60 college going students experiencing nonspecific low back pain of mild to moderate range[ on VAS 2-5]. METHOD- Assessment of hamstring and IT band tightness was done by using 90-90 hamstring test and Ober’s test respectively. Participant were checked for tightness and marked whether tightness present or not RESULT- Analysis of outcomes was done by the mean and standard deviation. The result showed that, 58.33% male and 95.85% has female has hamstring muscle tightness. 16.66% Male and 22.91% female has of IT band tightness. 85% population [both male and female] shows of hamstring muscle tightness. While 85 % of male and females both shows hamstring muscle tightness. 21.66% populations [ both M and F] shows of IT band tightness. Conclusion- Study shows the prevalence of hamstring and IT band tightness is present in nonspecific low back pain. In participant hamstring muscle tightness is more profound (85%) than IT band tightness (21.66%).
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Tariq, Zaina, Hamna Zahoor, Rahat Ayub, Anam Abbas, Rahat Afzal, and Wadha Ijaz Kamran. "Association of Isolated Gastrocnemius Tightness in Patients with Heel Pain." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.484.
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Background: Heel pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among adults, significantly impacting quality of life. Recent studies suggest a strong association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain, although comprehensive research in diverse populations remains scarce. Understanding the relationship between gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of isolated gastrocnemius tightness with heel pain in a Pakistani adult population, focusing on the prevalence of gastrocnemius tightness among individuals presenting with heel pain and the effectiveness of specific diagnostic tests in identifying this condition. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 223 participants from various hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. The study population comprised adults aged 30 to 60 years experiencing heel pain. Diagnostic assessments included the Windlass and Silfverskiöld tests to evaluate plantar fasciitis and gastrocnemius tightness, respectively. Data on age, gender, and test outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and significance testing to explore the association between heel pain and gastrocnemius tightness. Results: The average age of participants was 42.24 ± 4.973 years, with a gender distribution of 59.6% females and 40.4% males. The Windlass test was positive in 89.2% (199) of participants, while the Silfverskiöld test showed a positive outcome for gastrocnemius tightness in 79.8% (178) of cases. A significant correlation was found between the results of the Windlass and Silfverskiöld tests (Pearson correlation = .691, p < .000), indicating a strong association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain. Conclusion: This study confirms a significant association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain among adults in Lahore, Pakistan. The findings underscore the importance of assessing gastrocnemius tightness in patients presenting with heel pain and suggest that targeted interventions addressing this condition could enhance treatment outcomes.
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Panchal, Shruti, Dharaben Patel, Ambica Mall, and Threety Pruchhak. "Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscles Inhibition and Self Stretch on Calf and Hamstring Muscle Tightness: One Time Comparative Study." Parul University Journal of Health Sciences and Research 2, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62373/pujhsr.2023.122.
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Background: Muscle tightness is the most limiting factor for restricted ROM and decreased joint flexibility. Hamstring and calf muscles are more prone to getting tight, which causes musculoskeletal problems. This study focused on checking the effects of various therapeutic techniques, including the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique and self-stretching technique, on hamstring and calf muscle flexibility in subjects with tight muscle groups. Objectives: To determine the effects of sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Methodology: A total number of 60 subjects aged between 20 and 45years were analyzed for the Active knee extension test, Passive dorsiflexion test, and Sit and reach test to assess the sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Result: Showed significant improvement in AKE following suboccipital muscle inhibition (pre= 135.9; post = 162.63) and self-stretching (pre= 137.53; post=162.13) Had been obtained by comparing pre and post-intervention values of outcome measures AKE () (AKE, SRT and Ankle DF) by using paired t-test whereas between-group comparison of post, data mean and SD is done by impaired t-test. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique is more effective in relieving tightness from the hamstring and calf group of muscles as compared to the self-stretching technique in AKE, SRT, and Ankle dorsiflexion. Keywords: calf muscle tightness, Hamstring muscle tightness.
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Muhammad, Atta, Muhammad Rizwan Rana, Tooba Amin, Christina Angela, Felicianus Anthony Pereira, and Mazhar Ali Bhutto. "Prevalence of Piriformis Muscle Tightness among Undergraduate Medical Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 964–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162964.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of piriformis muscle tightness among allied health students, and its relationship with age, gender and year of study. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. A sample size of 259 was calculated using Open Epi v3.01. Allied health students from physical therapy, occupational therapy and prosthetics & orthotics programs participated in this study, which lasted 4 months. After obtaining informed consent, data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire. Piriformis muscle tightness, and symptom recurrence, was determined using the FAIR test. Results: Average age of participants was 21.94±1.81 years. Females comprised of 79.9% of the study population. High percentage (85.3%) were from the physical therapy program. Most common posture was crossed leg sitting (48.3%). Positive FAIR test was found in 41.7% of the population. Strong correlation between age-group with FAIR test was noted (p=0.036). Conclusion: Piriformis muscle tightness is prevalent in those who engage in prolonged sitting postures. Furthermore, strong association of piriformis tightness with age is present, whereas no relationship with gender and year of study has been observed. Keywords: Piriformis muscle tightness, Piriformis muscle syndrome, Low back pain, Sedentary individuals, FAIR test.
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Smith, Peter B. "Cultural Values Versus Cultural Norms as Predictors of Differences in Helping Behaviors and in Emotion Regulation: A Preliminary Nation-Level Test Related to the Leung-Morris Model." Management and Organization Review 13, no. 4 (December 2017): 739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.51.
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ABSTRACTLeung and Morris (2015) propose conditions under which values, norms, and schemata drive cultural differences in behavior. They build on past theories about dimensions of situational strength to propose that personal values drive behavior more in weak situations and perceived norms drive behavior more in strong situations. Drawing on this analysis as well as two recent models of cultural tightness-looseness, country-level effects are predicted on the assumption that tighter cultures more frequently create strong situations and looser cultures more frequently create weak situations. Using secondary data, I examine values as well as perceived descriptive norms and injunctive norms relevant to collectivism in relation to two key dependent measures: helping strangers and emotion regulation. The relation of embeddedness values to helping strangers is moderated negatively by tightness (in that high embeddedness reduces helping less in the context of tightness), and its relation to emotion regulation is moderated positively (in that embeddedness increases emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Furthermore, descriptive norms show main effects for both dependent variables that are predominantly unmoderated by tightness. Finally, the link of injunctive norms with emotion regulation is moderated positively by tightness (in that injunctiveness heightens emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Results support the relevance of nation-level tightness to reliance on values and norms, but the strength of effects depends on how it is operationalized.
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Khalil, Elaaf, Ruhma Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan, Amna Khalid, Sultan Ayaz, and Hassan Javed. "Prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours Authors." International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52461/ijnms.v1i4.1040.
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Background: Hamstrings undergo adaptive shortening. It is common in healthy individuals to have a sedentary lifestyle affecting males (91.8%) more than females (78.7%). Hamstring tightness can interrupt ADL’s predisposing the person to further health problems i.e. plantar fasciitis, sacroiliac joint pain, decreased lumbar lordosis, knee pain, quadriceps malfunction, postural disturbances, overstretched lumbar ligaments, reduced muscle strength. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its effects on lower extremity function in individuals with prolonged standing. Materials and Methods: 65 participants were chosen for this cross-sectional study by convenient sampling; all were female nurses. The hamstring tightness was measured by the data collection tools i.e. lower limb task questionnaire, straight leg raise test, and active knee extension test after having the consent forms signed by the participants. The data was collected from three big hospitals in the city. Results: The results of the study conducted to see the prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours showed that only 15.38% of the sample (n=65) with a mean age of 31-35 years were found with bilateral hamstrings tightness while 84.62% were found with no hamstrings tightness. Conclusion: The prevalence of hamstring tightness in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours is low.
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Imtiaz, Rafia, Asma Sattar, Anum Qaiser, Hanan Azfar, Kiran Haq, Syeda Amna Bukhari, Kanwal Fatima, Hafiza Rabia Javed, Hira Rafique, and Intsam Aslam. "Association of Hamstring Tightness with Lower Extremity Injuries in Athletes (Analytical Cross-Sectional Study)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 30, 2023): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175575.
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Background: Flexibility if muscle is required for normal bio-mechanical functioning. Muscle tightness results from reduced capability of muscle to modify its shape during movement which results in decreased ROM. Hamstring tightness is one of the cause of hamstring injuries in athletes which leads to slowed recovery and compromises performance of athlete in the field. Objective: To find the association of hamstring tightness with lower extremity injuries in athletes. Methodology: The study was conducted on 141 athletes out of those 61 were cricketers and 80 were footballers. This study was conducted from January to May 2023. Convenient sampling was used and participants were selected from different football and cricket clubs of Lahore on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the lower extremity injuries and active knee extension test use to measure the hamstring tightness in athletes. Statistical data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Result: The results showed negative correlation between Active knee Extension test and lower extremity injuries as the value of Pearson Correlation coefficient was r = -0.204. The mean±SD for Active knee Extension test was 1.31± 0.456 while that of Lower extremity Injury level was 1.28±0.56. There was significant association between AKE test and Knee pain and LBP as P-value of 0.047 amd 0.048 was obtained respectively, while there was no significant association seen between AKE test and lower extremity Injury level as p- value of 0.34 was obtined. The p-value represented that null hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: On the basis of results Hamstring tightness is not found to be associated with Lower Extremity Injuries. While hamstring tightness could cause knee pain and low back pain in athletes. So maintaining the flexibility of hamstring in athletes could reduce the knee pain and LBP and will enhance their participation in sports. Keywords: Hamstring tightness,Nordic questionnaire ,active knee extension test.
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Fredriksen, H., H. Dagfinrud, V. Jacobsen, and S. Maehlum. "Passive knee extension test to measure hamstring muscle tightness." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 7, no. 5 (January 30, 2007): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00153.x.
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Cristina Stéfani, Kelly, Leonardo Vinicius De Matos Moraes, Vinícius Quadros Borges, and Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira. "TL 18141 - Isolated gastrocnemius tightness." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, Supl 1 (November 11, 2019): 90S. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1069.
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in muscle strength between flexion and ankle extension to test the hypothesis that this predisposes to a dynamic equine and, thus, to evaluate this correlation with pain in the forefoot (metatarsalgias) and hindfoot (plantar fasciitis, tendinopathy of the tendon insertional and non-insertional calcaneus). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients were consecutively diagnosed with forefoot pain (metatarsalgias) or pain in the hindfoot (plantar fasciitis, tendonopathy of the insertional and non-insertional calcaneal tendon), and 50 patients had no foot diseases. The body mass index (BMI) was evaluated, and IGT was evaluated through the Silfverskiöld test. The parameter of gastrocnemius contracture was considered in cases of limitation of ankle extension <10. The intervention was to measure flexion strength and ankle extension with a manual dynamometer, evaluating isometric contraction based on the method suggested by Kahn et al. Results: One hundred patients participated in the study, with 50 patients in the study group and 50 in the control group. The mean age was 63.42 years, and the mean BMI was 28.53 in the study group and 62.26 and 28.84 in the control group, with no difference in distribution between age groups (p = 0.634) and for BMI (p = 0.709). The difference was significant between the groups in relation to the Silfverskiöld test (p = 0.019), the ankle force variation in dynamometry (p <0.001) and normalized variation (p <0.001). In addition, a significant difference between groups was observed in the dynamometry of plantar flexion (p <0.001). Conclusion: The hypothesis of causes for sural triceps shortening considered as idiopathic are as follows. The difference in strength between the dorsiflexion musculature and the one that performs the plantar flexion, the delay in neuromuscular activation of the dorsiflexors, or even a combination of these two factors. We demonstrated the possibility of the evaluation of the force through a manual dynamometer that can be used in routine outpatient visits, which proved to be effective and reproducible.
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Yalçın, Barış Can, and Ahmet Koyun. "Linear matrix inequality-based model matching H2 output feedback control of a new leak tightness machine working based on hydrostatic pressure aging method." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 5 (February 8, 2017): 1711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217690224.
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Fluid leaks owing to broken pipes can be a serious problem for any hydraulic system. The main reasons for pipe breakage are spontaneously changing hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure values inside the pipe or faults occurring during the pipe manufacturing process. Therefore, different kinds of leak tightness tests are required in many standards for approval of the pipes used in both academic researches and industrial applications. Hydrostatic pressure aging is the most common method among leak tightness test procedures. However, conventional test machines cannot reach above 700 bar owing to their mechanical specifications. In this study, the design of a new leak tightness test machine that can reach above 1200 bar and its Linear matrix inequality-based model matching H2 output feedback control have been achieved. The efficacy of the test machine and proposed controller have been shown with both simulation and experimental results.
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Rathod, Priyanka, Payal Dhawale, and Goutami Katage. "Assessment of Piriformis Tightness in Third Trimester of Pregnancy - A Prevalence Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220309.
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Background: Gestational pain in the lower back region is a common concern, affecting up to 50% of pregnant women at some point in their gestation. Prolonged sitting position, biomechanical changes during pregnancy are the foremost cause of piriformis tightness in female that may eventually leads to piriformis syndrome and low back pain. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the prevalence of piriformis tightness in pregnant females. Methods: 93 subjects enrolled in this study were evaluated and screened on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tightness of piriformis muscle was assessed using piriformis test & the limited ROM of hip due to tightness of piriformis muscle by using goniometer. Results: Data was analyzed using graph pad prism software. Piriformis tightness was found to be present in 27 subjects (29%). Prevalence of piriformis tightness was less in third trimester of pregnancy. However, the prevalence of piriformis tightness in females was statistically significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of piriformis muscle tightness in pregnant women of third trimester was very less in this study which concludes that females who were in third trimester of pregnancy not having piriformis tightness because of relaxin hormone which relaxes all the muscle for the normal growth of fetus. Key words: Gestational low back pain, Piriformis muscle tightness, Piriformis syndrome, Pregnancy, Third trimester.
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Batool, Farwah, Qurba Kiran, Humera Mubashar, Masooma Gull, Amena Batool, and Sana Ashraf. "Hamstring Muscle Tightness and Chronic Low Back Pain an Analytical Study on General Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169637.
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Background: The low back is a common disorder prevalent in general population having an association with hamstring tightness which needs to be addressed while its prevention or management strategies. The objective was to find if there is any link between CLBP severity and hamstring muscle tightness. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 160 patients with persistent LBP, fulfilling the criteria of the study. After ethical approval, data was gathered from Ayesha Sadiqa Hospital Lahore. The low back pain disability index was measured using Oswestry Disability Index and Hamstring tightness was evaluated using clinical Active knee extension test. The data were analysed using SPSS V.23 and Chi square was used to determine association between outcomes. Result: There were 160 participants, among them 114 (71.25%) experiencing hamstring tightness and 46 (28.75%) not having hamstring tightness. Females had a greater prevalence than males. The findings suggest that hamstring tightness affected 61% patients with moderate impairment. There was an association of hamstring tightness with disability Index among the participants at p Value <.01. Conclusion: In subjects with back pain, hamstring tightness has an association with activities of daily life other than sexual preferences, community interactions, and journey. The chronic low back pain has direct association with hamstring muscle tightness in our target population. Keywords: Association, Chronic Low Back Pain, Hamstring Muscle, Tightness
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Sunil Nayee, Khushbu, and Apeksha Vaghasiya. "Immediate Effect of Active Release Technique versus Foam Rolling on Hamstring Tightness in Computer Workers." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2024): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240502.
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Background and need of research: In computer workers due to their prolonged sitting throughout the day can lead to various problems like tightness of muscle, decreased joint range of motion and decreased flexibility. As hamstring is a key component of flexibility in the lower body and it is more prone to get tightened. Due to prolonged sitting in Computer workers, the hamstring muscles are in shortened position (posterior pelvic tilt & knee 90° flexion) which causes the tightness of the hamstring muscles. Therefore, the objective of study is to find out the immediate effect of active release technique versus foam rolling on hamstring tightness in computer workers. Methods: 32 computer workers with age of 20-35 years, were taken through purposive sampling technique and randomly divided in two equal groups. Group A received Active Release Technique and Group B received foam rolling. Active knee extension test was used to measure Pre and post intervention measurements. Ethical approval has been taken. Result: For data analysis, SPSS Version 23 software was used. A Paired t-test was used for within-group analysis and showed a significant difference in Active Knee Extension for both groups. The unpaired t-test was used for between-group analysis, and it showed that ART has a superior effect on hamstrings tightness than the Foam Rolling. The significance level was kept at p<0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that ART is more effective than Foam Rolling in reducing hamstring tightness in computer workers. Key words: Active Release Technique, Foam Rolling, Hamstring Tightness, Computer Workers.
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Sheth, Ruhi, and Syed Rais Akhter Rizvi. "The Immediate Effect of Muscle Energy Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Hamstring Tightness in Footballers." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220440.
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Background and purpose: Most often, attention is focused on management of pain and injuries and decreased muscle strength in football players while little attention is given to flexibility. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the immediate effectiveness of a type of Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) and Active Release Technique (ART) in increasing hamstring flexibility among recreational and professional footballers aged 18-30 years. MET is used to lengthen a tight muscle, strengthen weak muscles, reduce localised oedema or mobilize an articulation with adhesion or restriction MET consists of different techniques, one of which is Post Isometric Relaxation Technique (PIR). PIR uses an agonistic isometric contractual phase after a passive stretch. On the other hand, ART is a soft tissue manipulation technique developed my Dr. Leahy which breaks tissue adhesions thereby relieving muscle stiffness/ tightness. There is abundant literature on these techniques. However there is a dearth of documentation comparing these two techniques. So the effort of the study is to compare the effectiveness of MET (PIR) and ART on hamstring tightness in footballers. Method: This study was an experimental study. The subjects were selected on the basis of Simple Random Sampling method. 30 subjects were selected, in the age ranging from 18-30 years. They were assigned to two groups- Group A (n=15) received a type of Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) and Group B (n=15) received Active Release Technique (ART). Both the groups performed a set of 3 exercises- eccentric and core stability and pilates after the intervention. Pre and post intervention measures were taken to assess the hamstring tightness. This was done by Active Knee Extension Test (AKET) and Sit and Reach Test (S&R Test). Results: When means were analyzed using Paired ‘t’ test as a parametric and Wilcoxon signed rank test as a non-parametric test have been used to analyse the variables pre- intervention to post-intervention with calculation of percentage of change, there was a statistically significant improvements in means of AKET and S&R Test. The findings of the study suggest that both the interventions have an immediate effect on hamstring tightness. More importantly, the results revealed that the intervention of Group B showed more reduction in hamstring tightness than the interventions delivered of Group A. Conclusion: Th present study concludes that both MET (PIR) and ART are effective in reducing hamstring tightness and increasing knee extension range of motion in recreational and professional footballers. However, there existed a significant difference between both the techniques on hamstring tightness. ART was more effective in increasing hamstring flexibility and increasing knee extension range of motion among footballers. Implications: Muscle Energy Technique (Post Isometric Relaxation) and Active Release Technique both can be used to treat people and athletes with hamstring tightness. But effects of Active Release Technique in increasing hamstring flexibility and increasing knee extension range of motion among footballers is more dominant over the effects of Muscle Energy Technique (Post Isometric Relaxation). Hence, in sport physiotherapy protocols, ART can be used. Keywords: Hamstring Tightness, Muscle Energy Technique, Post Isometric Relaxation, Active Release Technique, Active Knee Extension Test, Sit and Reach Test.
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Akhtar, Huma, Pakiza Muskan, Ramsha Amjad, Anza Kaleem Satti, Marwa Javed, and Minahil Shahid. "Correlation of Hamstring Tightness with Balance and Mobility in Young Adults." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 3 (April 20, 2023): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023173295.
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Background: Despite of the optimal health regarding metabolic energy levels, physical activity and fitness in young adults, major health concerns are increasing. This increasing dysfunction could be the basic cause for future impairments. Hamstrings muscles are most commonly subjecting to shortening and evaluated for the lower limb resilience. Balance, mobility, muscle strength are important elements to maintain normal functional capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate Correlation between hamstrings tightness with balance and mobility in young adults. Methodology: A Cross sectional correlational Study was conducted in 385 participants of age 19-24 years old of twin cities i-e Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Passive knee extension test (PKE) was performed to assess hamstrings tightness, whilst Y-Balance test (YBT) for evaluating balance and 6 Minute walk test (6MWT) for Mobility. The measurements are tabulated and analyzed statistically for the Correlation between hamstrings tightness with balance and mobility using SPSS. Results: Sample size of 385 participants with 100% response rate, n= 255 (66.2%) were females while n= 130 (33.8 %) were males. Mean, median for variables along with the SD and Interquartile range was calculated. Correlation was analyzed using spearman’s correlation with the coefficient r (ρ) between mean PKET and 6MWT were ρ= -0.21 and Mean PKET with Dominant side of YBT as ρ= 0.07 while with Non-dominant side as ρ= 0.06. Also, there are no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant sides for PKET and YBT separately as per Wilcoxon signed rank test. Conclusion: Statistically significant weak negative correlation was found in hamstrings tightness with mobility, while there is no significant correlation of hamstrings tightness with balance for both dominant and non-dominant sides. Keywords: Hamstring muscles, Balance, Mobility, hamstrings tightness.
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Thakur, Dipesh, and Sumi Rose. "A Study To Find Out The Correlation Between The Right And Left Hamstring Length In Both Genders To Determine The Prevalence Of Hamstring Tightness Among College Students." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 06, no. 04 (December 2016): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708675.
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Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between the right and left hamstring length in both genders to determine the prevalence of hamstring tightness among college students. Methods: N=100 subjects were recruited and screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. 80 healthy college students were recruited between the age group of 18 to 25 years, sit and reach test was done among the students. Result: The results stated that there is no statistically significant difference between the right and the left hamstring length in both genders and showed high correlation between the hamstring length of right and left of both groups. Chi square test was done and found that there is statistically significant difference between both the hamstring length of both the genders. The left hamstring of male had severe tightness of 27.50% and the right hamstring of female subjects had severe tightness of 45%. Conclusion: The study results concludes that there is significant correlation between the right and the left hamstring length in both groups but there is no correlation of hamstring length when compared with right hamstring length between groups and left hamstring length between groups. Male subjects had comparatively greater tightness in left hamstring and female subjects had right Hamstring tightness. Linear prevalence of Hamstring tightness is greater in female subjects when compared to male subjects.
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Loosveld, A., W. De Waele, K. Faes, and O. Zaitov. "Leak tightness of magnetic pulse crimped joints." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20580.
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The goal of this master thesis is to realize and investigate leak tightness of joints produced by theelectromagnetic pulse (EMP) crimping process. This way of joining metals has gained more attention lately.With EMP welding, leak tight joints can already be achieved. However, the crimping process has somemajor advantages over EMP welding like the fact that more material combinations are possible and itrequires less energy. To realize the leak tightness, two kinds of sealing materials are used: O-rings andadhesives. The workpieces consist of an aluminium or stainless steel tube which is crimped on a solidaluminium mandrel with circumferential grooves in it. First, some preliminary tests are performed todetermine how much the tubes deform in the grooves. This deformation mainly depends on the appliedcharging voltage and the geometry of the groove. With this information, it is possible to estimate the amountof compression an O-ring would undergo when placed inside this groove. On other workpieces, adhesiveswill be applied. Several test procedures can be conducted on the parts to investigate leak tightness. Theresults of a helium test and a pressure burst test on the first test series conducted at the Walloon researchcentre CEWAC already showed that the use of O-rings can be effective.
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Zou, Peng, Qingsong Wang, Hao Chen, Junchao Yang, and YinSong Li. "Experimental research on damage tolerance and air tightness of typical composite panels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012006.
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Abstract The extensive use of composites in aircraft leads to the problem of damage tolerance after low-speed impact. It is necessary to consider not only the change of mechanical properties but also the change of work properties such as air tightness. In this paper, the damage morphology and air tightness of a typical composite stiffened panel subjected to low-speed impact were experimentally studied. The damage initiation and propagation and the change of air tightness after impact, static compression and compression fatigue were analyzed respectively. It is found from the test that after 120% ultimate load condition and 100,000 times constant amplitude fatigue load condition, the impact damage does not expand, and the air tightness is good and no obvious leakage is observed, indicating that the structural design meets the requirements of damage tolerance and air tightness.
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Malhotra, K., O. Chan, S. Cullen, M. Welck, A. J. Goldberg, N. Cullen, and D. Singh. "Prevalence of isolated gastrocnemius tightness in patients with foot and ankle pathology." Bone & Joint Journal 100-B, no. 7 (July 2018): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.100b7.bjj-2017-1465.r1.
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Aims Gastrocnemius tightness predisposes to musculoskeletal pathology and may require surgical treatment. However, it is not clear what proportion of patients with foot and ankle pathology have clinically significant gastrocnemius tightness. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and degree of gastrocnemius tightness in a control group of patients with a group of patients with foot and ankle pathology. Patients and Methods This prospective, case-matched, observational study compared gastrocnemius tightness, as assessed by the lunge test, in a control group and a group with foot and ankle pathology. Gastrocnemius tightness was calculated as the difference in dorsiflexion of the ankle with the knee extended and flexed. Results A total of 291 controls were paired with 97 patients with foot and ankle pathology (FAP). The mean gastrocnemius tightness was 6.0° (sd 3.5) in controls and 8.0° (sd 5.7) in the FAP group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a mean gastrocnemius tightness of 10.3° (sd 6.0) in patients with forefoot pathology versus 6.9° (sd 5.3) in patients with other pathology (p = 0.008). A total of 12 patients (37.5%) with forefoot pathology had gastrocnemius tightness of > two standard deviations of the control group (> 13°). Conclusion Gastrocnemius tightness of > 13° may be considered abnormal. Most patients with foot and ankle pathology do not have abnormal degrees of gastrocnemius tightness compared with controls, but it is present in over a third of patients with forefoot pathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:945–52.
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Alqahtani, Bijad. "Effectiveness of Foam Rolling with Hip Strengthening versus Conventional Treatment in Iliotibial Band Tightness Among Osteoarthritis Patients." Journal of Pioneering Medical Science 13, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/jpms202413211.
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Background: The iliotibial band (ITB) tightness contributes to pain and functional limitations in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The effectiveness of foam rolling (FR) combined with ITB stretching exercises versus conventional treatment methods targeting ITB tightness has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these modalities on passive range of motion (PROM) during hip adduction in OA patients. Methods: Three groups of OA patients (Foam Rolling alone-Group A, Conventional Exercises + Foam Rolling-Group B, and Hip strengthening + Foam Rolling-Group C) were assessed over 14 treatment sessions using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and Ober's test for ITB tightness. Group A received foam rolling with hip strengthening, Group B underwent conventional treatment, and Group C was treated with a combination of methods. Results: All groups showed a marked decrease in WOMAC scores, indicating an improvement in pain and knee function. Group A exhibited a significant reduction in ITB tightness, with the mean Ober's test score initially increasing but then decreasing markedly by the 14th session. Group B and Group C also showed improvements, but Group A's protocol was the most effective in reducing ITB tightness. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that foam rolling with hip strengthening exercises is significantly effective in reducing ITB tightness and improving function in OA patients. This combination therapy may be considered a superior approach to conventional treatment methods for managing ITB-related symptoms in this population.
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Tariq, Hamza, Fatima Mazhar, Erum Ghaffar, Tooba Arif, Uzma Irshad, and Aneeqa Aqdas. "Association between Plantar Fasciitis and Hamstring Tightness among Runners." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2024): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.803.
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Background: Plantar fasciitis is a prevalent condition among athletes, especially runners, characterized by heel pain and potentially influenced by biomechanical factors such as hamstring tightness. However, the specific relationship between hamstring tightness and plantar fasciitis in athletes has not been extensively studied. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between hamstring tightness and plantar fasciitis among runners, to determine whether hamstring tightness contributes to the severity or incidence of plantar fasciitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 30 athletes diagnosed with plantar fasciitis from sports clubs in Lahore. The study included both male (86.6%) and female (13.4%) runners aged 20 to 45 years. Hamstring tightness was assessed using the Active Knee Extension test. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square tests in SPSS version 25, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of hamstring tightness among the athletes was 30%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between hamstring tightness and plantar fasciitis (p=0.068), with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of -0.48, suggesting a moderate negative correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that while hamstring tightness is common among runners with plantar fasciitis, it does not significantly influence the occurrence or severity of the condition. Further research is recommended to explore other biomechanical factors that may impact plantar fasciitis in athletic populations.
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Ulutaş, S., M. Wichern, and B. Bosseler. "Laboratory investigations on the quality of leak tests and visual inspections of wastewater connection pipes carried out by specialist contractors." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.095.
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Abstract In addition to stability and operational safety, leak tightness is the permanent functional objective of wastewater pipes. Tests to determine the tightness of wastewater pipes can in some cases produce results that are worthy of discussion. Therefore, laboratory tests were carried out by 29 specialist contractors to obtain results on the quality of leak tests and visual inspections of connection pipes. The results showed that different test errors can be observed for leak test methods (air overpressure, air underpressure and water pressure). However, only in the case of the water pressure tests did the observed test errors occasionally lead to incorrect test results, i.e. the ‘leaking pipe’ was tested as ‘test passed (tight)’. The investigations into the accuracy (trueness and precision) of the test methods showed that all test methods examined were sufficiently accurate to determine the tightness of the connection pipes. In general, correct test results were achieved if the expert testers did not make any serious test errors and the test equipment used functioned properly. In contrast, the investigations on the quality of visual inspection showed that the procedure is not sufficiently reliable to fulfil all normative requirements regarding damage detection and naming as well as damage classification.
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Popat, Tanmay, Chethan M.D, and Nandeeshwar D.B. "EVALUATION OF THE PROXIMAL CONTACT TIGHTNESS BETWEEN FULL COVERAGE METAL CROWN AND ADJACENT NATURAL TEETH - AN IN VIVO STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 05 (May 31, 2023): 1001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16957.
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Context:The present study assesses the changes in the proximal contact tightness giving clinician a standardized method and a digital tool for evaluation of the proximal contact tightness. The results of this study also proves to be an educating tool for the patients in their maintenance of the prosthesis. Aims: to evaluate the proximal contact tightness between single full coverage metal crown and adjacent natural teeth at cementation appointment and after 10 days at recall appointment and to compare the proximal contact tightness measured at both the appointments Settings and Design: in vivo prospective study Methods and Material:31 healthy subjects seeking treatment for fabrication of single full coverage metal crown were selected for this study. Conventionally fabricated single full coverage metal crowns were cemented and the proximal contact tightness was measured using a digital force gauge with hook attachment and a 0.05mm metal strip between the crown and adjacent natural teeth at mesial and distal contacts. Statistical analysis used:The proximal contact tightness at cementation and at recall appointment after 10 days were analysed using a Paired t test. Results:The mean value of proximal contact tightness at the mesial and distal contacts obtained at cementation appointment was 2.35 ± 0.486 N and 2.32 ± 0.475 N respectively. The mean value of proximal contact tightness at the mesial and distal contacts obtained at recall appointment was 1.03 ± 0.180 N and 1.65 ± 0.486 N respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the proximal contact tightness obtained at cementation and at recall appointment after 10 days. Conclusions:The results suggested that there is a significant reduction in the proximal contact tightness between full coverage metal crown and adjacent natural teeth after cementation. The method used in the study showed potential to be a more standard and quantitative method to assess the changes occurring in the proximal contact tightness.
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Pignata, Edson Augusto de Jesus Constante, Vinícius Quadros Borges, Gabriel Ferreira Ferraz, and Kelly Cristina Stéfani. "Diabetic foot ulcers and isolated gastrocnemius tightness." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2018.v12.788.
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Objective: To determine the prevalence of isolated gastrocnemius tightness (IGT) in diabetic patients with plantar ulcers in the forefoot using the Silfverskiöld test. Methods: This prospective cohort study consecutively evaluated 50 diabetic patients with Wagner grade I or II ulcers in the forefoot treatedconservatively on an outpatient basis and assessed them for IGT using the Silfverskiöld test. Results: The prevalence of IGT was 66.7%. There was no significant correlation between IGT and the ulcer’s area or depth (Wagner’s classification) or the patient’s insulin use. Conclusion: The prevalence of IGT in diabetic patients with plantar ulcers is high, suggesting that this complicationmay contribute to the development of plantar ulcers.
Level of Evidence II; Prospective Cohort Study.
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Tanjaya, Wengkie, and Tjie Haming Setiadi. "Hubungan durasi duduk dan hamstring tightness pada mahasiswa kedokteran." Tarumanagara Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2023): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v5i1.24377.
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Fleksibilitas otot penting untuk seseorang merasa bugar sehingga dapat memaksimalkan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Namun, disfungsi fleksibilitas sering dialami orang umum hingga olahragawan. Salah satu contoh otot yang dapat mengalami hal ini adalah otot hamstring (hamstring tightness). Otot ini penting untuk berjalan bahkan berlari hingga melompat. Penurunan fleksibilitas otot ini menimbulkan penurunan perfoma dari kegiatan yang menggunakan otot tersebut dan dapat menimbulkan cedera pada otot hamstring. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan hamstring tightness ialah duduk dalam waktu yang lama tanpa melakukan peregangan otot dan biasanya dilakukan oleh kebanyakan pekerja kantoran dan pelajar. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hamstring tightness dengan durasi duduk per harinya pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Studi analitik cross sectional ini dilakukan terhadap 293 mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara Angkatan 2020-2021. Pengambilan subjek studi menggunakan metode consecutive non-random sampling. Biodata subjek dan durasi duduk diambil mengunakan kuesioner sedangkan data variabel hamstring tightness menggunakan Assessment V-Sit and Reach (VSR) test. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Sebanyak 178 (71,2%) subjek dari 250 subjek yang duduk >6 jam mengalami hamstring tightness dan sebanyak 32 (74,4%) subjek dari 43 subjek yang duduk ≤6 jam tidak mengalami hamstring tightness. Hasil studi didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi duduk dengan hamstring tightness dengan p-value 0,000 dan PRR 2,783.
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Kuilart, Kate Elissa, Melanie Woollam, Elizabeth Barling, and Nicholas Lucas. "The active knee extension test and Slump test in subjects with perceived hamstring tightness." International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 8, no. 3 (September 2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2005.07.004.
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Liu, Long Bin, Pan Pan Mi, Shuai Cao, and Ming Yun Lv. "Ground Simulation Method for Envelope Performance of Airship in near Space." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3473.
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Performing characteristics on envelope composite of near space airship (NSA) are quite different from that of the low altitude airship essentially. The NSA envelope material should meet excellent applicative characteristics including light weight, high strength, anti-aging, anti-ultraviolet radiation, gas-tightness, weather resistance. Ground simulation test is critical for the envelope design and development process of NSA, and the environmental features of near space is analyzed for NSA, then corresponding ground simulation test methods are proposed to involve mechanical strength of the ground test methods among the changing weather temperature and over pressure changes, materials weather resistance and air tightness test. Finally the coupling relationship between various mechanical test and environmental test methods is also investigated.
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DOBROWOLSKA, EWA, ZBIGNIEW KARWAT, and DANIEL KUPIEC. "Testing the tightness of a square joint between oak wood elements." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 107 (September 30, 2019): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7640.
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Testing the tightness of a square joint between oak wood elements. The study was carried out to determine the tightness of square joints between elements made of oak wood. To determine the degree of tightness of these joints, a device measuring the swelling pressure of oak wood under the influence of water humidification was designed. Checking the tightness of joints was carried out for surfaces obtained by machining through: grinding, milling, machine planing and manual planing. Contact angles at the phase boundary wood-water and their roughness achieved as a result of machining were also determined. During the wood swelling pressure test, the values of the preload of square joints were changed. The analysis of the results showed that the tightness of the square joint is influenced mainly by the roughness of the surface obtained as a result of machining and the size of the force of the initial load exerted on the moistened surfaces.
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Mahajan, Palak, Vijayshree Singh, and Jitendra Sharma. "To Compare the Effects of the Hold-Relax Technique and Foam Roller Exercise On Hamstring Muscle Tightness, Dynamic Balance and Jump Performance Among Students of Health Sciences in Jalandhar City." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (August 22, 2023): 3548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3181.
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Background: Flexibility is a vital component of fitness required for desirable musculoskeletal functioning. Flexibility dysfunction is a widespread problem, especially in case of hamstring group of muscles. Tightness of hamstring may result in imbalances of muscle strength, dysfunction of anatomical kinetic chains and reduction in optimal performance. As reduced flexibility generates a vicious circle of ROM, impaired performance and pain there is a need to find an effective technique. Objective: To compare the effects of the hold-relax technique and foam roller exercise on hamstring muscle tightness, dynamic balance and jump performance among students of health sciences in Jalandhar city. Study design: Comparative design, Quasi-Experimental in nature. Method: 60 students, both male and female with age between 18-27 years, were selected for study and subsequently segregated into three groups with 20 subjects per group. Group A was given warm up. Group B was given hold-relax PNF Technique in addition to warm up and Group C received foam roller exercise in addition to warm up. Baseline data was recorded on 1st day pre-intervention, 5th day and 10th day post-intervention. 10 sessions per subject were given over 2 weeks. Hamstring muscle tightness, dynamic balance and jump performance was evaluated by Active knee extension test, Y balance test and vertical jump test respectively. Results: The result showed significant improvement in hamstring muscle tightness, dynamic balance and jump performance using Foam roller exercise. Conclusion: The present study concludes that foam roller exercise is most effective in improving hamstring muscle tightness, dynamic balance and jump performance.
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Jin, Guan Xiu, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Influence of Structure Parameters on Moisture Permeability of Fabric Woven by Fine PP Fiber with Star Section." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.292.
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To study the influence of structure parameters on moisture permeability of fabric woven by fine pp fiber with star section, nine fabrics with different structure and tightness had been woven for experiment, and a moisture permeability test with moisture absorbtion method was performed and compared for these fabrics. Some conclusions are obtained: the moisture permeability showed direct correlation with fabric texture and tightness. It will be improved as the the float of weave get longer. Moreover it will decline with the increasing of fabric tightness and showed significant correlation with Polynomial function when the results fitted with it.
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Liu, Jing Hua, Sheng Nan Huang, and Gang Chen. "Data Analysis and Evaluation to Water-Sealed Underground Storage Cavern Water Curtain Efficiency Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.956.
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Water curtain efficiency test is the key method to evaluate the tightness and reliability of water curtain system. This thesis taking the cavern in Yantai as an example, based on the data of three different hydrodynamic condition stages during efficiency test, in combination with the important judgment parameter of water curtain efficiency-critical pressure value, the low efficiency of rock area was revealed by analyzing and evaluating the conduction effect of fissure water pressure. In order to improve the efficiency, drilled additional boreholes in low efficiency area. At last, through the test to evaluate efficiency improvement of new drilled boreholes. The test result shows that: the water curtain efficiency test can able to accurately determine the low efficiency area in rock mass, additional boreholes can significantly improve the pressure of low efficiency boreholes and can achieve the tightness requirements of cavern.
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Jackson, Joshua Conrad, Michele Gelfand, and Carol R. Ember. "A global analysis of cultural tightness in non-industrial societies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 2020): 20201036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1036.
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Human groups have long faced ecological threats such as resource stress and warfare, and must also overcome strains on coordination and cooperation that are imposed by growing social complexity. Tightness–looseness (TL) theory suggests that societies react to these challenges by becoming culturally tighter, with stronger norms and harsher punishment of deviant behaviour. TL theory further predicts that tightening is associated with downstream effects on social, political and religious institutions. Here, we comprehensively test TL theory in a sample of non-industrial societies. Since previous studies of TL theory have sampled contemporary countries and American states, our analysis allows us to examine whether the theory generalizes to societies in the ethnographic record and also to explore new correlates of tightness that vary more in non-industrial societies. We find that tightness covaries across domains of social norms, such as socialization, law and gender. We also show that tightness correlates with several theorized antecedents (ecological threat, complexity, residential homogeneity) and several theorized consequences (intergroup contact, political authoritarianism, moralizing religious beliefs). We integrate these findings into a holistic model of tightness in non-industrial societies and provide metrics that can be used by future studies on cultural tightness in the ethnographic record.
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Humayun, Khushboo, Daniyal Siddiqi, Irtasam Ahmad, Saira Ajmal, Ayesha Iftikhar, Hafiz Maqsood, Kaiynat Shafique, and Tamjeed Ghaffar. "Frequency of Iliotibial Band Tightness and Its Association with Anterior Knee Pain in Healthcare Workers." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1599.
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Purpose: Iliotibial band tightness can raise the risk of injury by altering biomechanics. ITB tightness leads to abnormal patellar alignment and tracking and causes pain and several other problems. To assess the frequency of iliotibial band tightness and its relation with anterior knee pain in health-care workers
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional research conducted from September 2021 to February 2022. Sample size of the study was 210. Study settings included the government and private hospitals of Faisalabad. In order to recruit healthcare providers, a convenient sampling technique was utilized. Inclusion criteria of the study were both male and female healthcare workers of age between 21 to 45 years working from at least 2 years. Ober's test was used to determine the tightness of the IT band. The anterior knee pain was evaluated by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Data was analyzed and interpreted by SPSS version 25. Data was presented in forms of tables and charts.
Findings: Out of 210 subjects, 64.76% were men and 35.23% were women. Iliotibial tightness was found to be present in 110(52.38%). On NPRS, 100(47.61%) participants reported mild to moderate pain and 30(14.28%) reported severe to worst pain in the anterior knee. Chi-square tests shows a statistical significant association (p<0.05) between iliotibial band and anterior knee pain.
Recommendations: In conclusion, iliotibial tightness was found to be present in 52.38% of the health workers. Results of the study showed that anterior knee pain occurs in iliotibial band tightness. This study, grounded in biomechanical and anatomical theories, demonstrated a significant association between iliotibial band tightness and anterior knee pain. Healthcare workers should focus on proper body biomechanics and incorporate regular muscle stretching in their routine to prevent the muscle tightness and associated problems.
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Kubicki, M., and M. Maliński. "Modeling of Thermoacoustic Frequency Characteristics for the Air-Tightness Test Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 35, no. 12 (July 17, 2014): 2363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-014-1655-8.
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Schmolke, Tobias, Christian Brunner-Schwer, Max Biegler, Michael Rethmeier, and Gerson Meschut. "On Welding of High-Strength Steels Using Laser Beam Welding and Resistance Spot Weld Bonding with Emphasis on Seam Leak Tightness." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 3 (June 19, 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030116.
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The design of most electric vehicles provides for the positioning of the heavy energy storage units in the underbody of the cars. In addition to crash safety, the battery housing has to meet high requirements for gas tightness. In order to test the use of high-strength steels for this sub-assembly, this paper examines welded joints utilizing resistance spot weld bonding and laser remote welding, with special regard to the gas tightness of the welds. For this purpose, the pressure difference test and helium sniffer leak detection are presented and applied. The combination of both leak test methods has proven ideal in experimental investigations. For laser remote welding, gas-tight seams can be achieved with an inter-sheet gap of 0.1 mm, even if occasionally leaking samples cannot be prevented. Resistance spot welding suits gas-tight joining with both one- and two-component adhesives. Against the background of leak tightness, process fluctuations that lead to weld spatter and defects in the adhesive layer must be prevented with high priority.
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Chawdi, Maria, and Drashti Niket Shah. "Effect of Muscle Energy Technique Vs Retro-Walking on Hamstring Flexibility and Dynamic Balance in Young College Going Students - A Comparative Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220603.
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Background: Hamstring muscle tightness can be defined as “inability to extend the knee completely when the hip is flexed.” Prevalence of hamstring muscle tightness in young college going students is 40.17%. MET is a technique that uses muscle’s own energy in the form of gentle isometric contractions to relax the muscles via autogenic or reciprocal inhibition and lengthen the muscle. Retro – walking is a translatory and dynamic activity which can be used to treat the flexibility as well as dynamic balance. Aim: To study the effect of Muscle energy technique VS Retro-walking on hamstring flexibility and dynamic balance in young college going students. Methodology: 74 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment both the outcome measures, Passive Knee Extension Test and Y-Balance Test were measured. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with n=37 in each group. Group A received MET while group B received Retro-walking. The treatment was given for 5 consecutive days. Results: Results showed us that both the groups were clinically significant, but the statistical analysis was not analytically significant. Conclusion: MET and Retro-walking were significant in terms of clinical outcome, but the data was not proven to have a significant p value. Hence the study concluded that the MET as well as Retro – walking is effective, simple and easy to apply in Hamstring tightness subjects. So, it can be implemented clinically as well. Key words: Muscle energy technique, Retro-walking, Hamstring tightness, Passive knee extension test, Y balance test.
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Nakale, Ngenomeulu T., Andrew Strydom, Nick P. Saragas, and Paulo N. F. Ferrao. "Association Between Plantar Fasciitis and Isolated Gastrocnemius Tightness." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100717744175.
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Background: An association between plantar fasciitis and isolated gastrocnemius tightness (IGT) has been postulated in the literature; however, there have been few studies to prove this relationship. This prospective cross-sectional cohort study was aimed at determining the association between plantar fasciitis and IGT. Methods: Three groups comprising 45 patients with plantar fasciitis (group 1), 117 patients with foot and ankle pathology other than plantar fasciitis (group 2), and 61 patients without foot and ankle pathology (group 3) were examined for the presence of IGT using the Silfverskiöld test. Statistical tests included chi-square test, Student t test, and analysis of variance. Results: Of the patients, 101 (45.3%) had IGT: 36 (80%) in group 1, 53 (45.3%) in group 2, and 12 (19.7%) in group 3. The difference in IGT prevalence between the groups was statistically significant at P < .001. The prevalence of IGT was similar between acute and chronic plantar fasciitis at 78.9% and 80.6%, respectively. Conclusion: There was a very strong association between plantar fasciitis and IGT using group 3 as a reference. This study suggests that IGT should be actively sought out and managed in patients with plantar fasciitis. Level of Evidence: Level II, cross-sectional cohort prospective study.
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Baldner, Conrad, Daniela Di Santo, Marta Viola, and Antonio Pierro. "Perceived COVID-19 Threat and Reactions to Noncompliant Health-Protective Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Desired Cultural Tightness and the Moderating Role of Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042364.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis that requires individuals to comply with many health-protective behaviors. Following the previous literature, cultural tightness has been found to be a key mechanism to increase coordination in order to mitigate collective threats (e.g., COVID-19). In this study, we test a moderated mediation model to examine whether the perceived COVID-19 threat could intensify the extent of desired tightness (i.e., a personal desire for cultural tightness), moderated by age. Subsequently, we test whether this could intensify individuals’ emotional reactions to non-compliance with COVID-19 health protective behaviors. The study relies on a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 624 participants residing in central Italy (i.e., Lazio). The data were collected from February to October 2021. Questionnaires contained self-reporting measures of the perceived COVID-19 threat, desired tightness, and personal emotional reactions to non-compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures (e.g., wearing a mask). The results confirm that the perceived COVID-19 threat is associated with an increase in the desire for cultural tightness—and that this relationship was moderated by age—and, consequently, with intolerance for noncompliance with preventive behaviors. Additionally, both direct and indirect effects of the perceived COVID-19 threat on negative emotional reactions to noncompliance were significant; this indirect effect was larger at high (+1 SD) age than at low (−1 SD) age. Overall, this research provides some insight into how people can respond to the current pandemic threat, and how this may have implications for violating rules and regulations to keep contagion under control.
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Cui, Shun, Shi Feng Wang, Jun Liang Zhang, Hui Liu, Zhong Kui Li, and Ming Xing Xia. "Structure Design and Test of the High Pressure Vessel for Corrosion Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3893.
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This paper have completed the structural design of the GF3.5 25/500, and the cover of the high pressure vessel, flange, the body of the high pressure vessel was stress check, security check, the last combination of pressure tests, air tightness test, Commissioning completion of the three major test the final design.
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Vats, Sakshi, Manu Goyal, and Saumya Kothiyal. "Efficacy of iliopsoas muscle release on respiratory parameters in patients with chronic low back pain: a single blinded, two- groups, pre-test/post-test randomized controlled trial protocol." Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia 11, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v11i2.3591.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Iliopsoas and diaphragm muscle shares common attachment at L2 vertebrae, iliopsoas tightness may lead to reduce diaphragm excursion leading to breathing difficulty. Therefore, the present controlled trial will provide evidence on effect of the iliopsoas muscle release in upgrading respiratory efficiency in patients with chronic low back pain. METHOD/DESIGN: - A total of thirty-four participants with mechanical chronic low back pain due to hip flexor tightness and having breathing difficulty will be recruited on the basis of selection criteria and will be randomly allocated into two groups, Group A (conservative treatment + iliopsoas myofascial release), Group B (conservative treatment + sham treatment). Both the group will receive the intervention thrice a week for 3 weeks. The outcome measures will be Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Diffusing Capacity of Lung for Carbon monoxide will be used as outcome measures. DISCUSSION: This trial will help to identify the effectiveness of iliopsoas release in low back pain and its effect on respiratory parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial has been prospectively registered at cliniclatrials.gov (CTRI/2020/04/024661) on 16 April 2020.
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Sarfraz, Zainab, Dr Gulraiz Enderyas, Dr Farooq Islam, and Prof Asim Raza Thakur. "A Comparative Study to Assess Hamstring Tightness in Individuals with and without Plantar fasciitis." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 9, no. 3 (October 21, 2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1621.
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Purpose: To compare hamstring tightness in individuals with and without plantar fasciitis
Methodology: 369 individuals (male and female) was evaluated This, cross-sectional study included individuals with, and without plantar fasciitis. Data will be collected from hospitals in DHQ Wazirabad, THQ Gujranwala, Aziz Bhatti Gujrat. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Goniometer was used for measuring range of motion for active knee extension. The data was collected under the rules and regulations of ethical committee of University of Lahore.
Findings: This study's findings show that 50.27 percent of subjects had plantar fasciitis whereas 49.73 percent did not. Active knee extension test was used to determine whether participants had tight hamstrings. The results show that among the 49.73% of participants who did not have plantar fasciitis, 37.23% had negative results, while 12.50% had positive results. In contrast, among the 50.27% of participants who did have plantar fasciitis, 11.14% had negative results, while 39.13% had positive results.
Conclusion: The study's goal was to determine if hamstring tension contributes to the development of plantar fasciitis. According to the current study, individuals with and without PF had their hamstring tightness evaluated. An active knee extension test was used to measure the tightness of the hamstrings. Following the completion of the current study, it was shown that patients with plantar fasciitis show higher hamstring tightness than individuals without plantar fasciitis.
Recommendations: For study, it is recommended to gather data from several cities so that the conclusions may be generalized. Future research should examine additional risk factors for plantar fasciitis. The reasons of hamstring tightness should be addressed to reduce the chance of developing plantar fasciitis.
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Song, Huiping, Chunhui Liu, Fangbin Xue, Xuhui Wen, and Fangqin Cheng. "Experimental Study on Coal Fly Ash-Based Gas-Sealing Coating Used for Coal Mine Roadway Walls." Coatings 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090863.
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Gas-sealing coatings on coal mine roadway walls can effectively repress gas emission and are of importance to the safe operation of coal mining. In this study, the performance of coal fly ash (CFA)-based gas-sealing coatings was investigated, including the aspects of drying time, air tightness, impermeability, flame retardancy and antistatic properties. The results show that coating No. 25 with 60 g ultrafine CFA and 50 g emulsion (curing at 22 °C) had the best air tightness, with a permeability coefficient of 2.95 × 10−13 cm2/(s·Pa). The data obtained through the self-developed air tightness test device agreed well with the detection results of the gas permeameter, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the device. The impermeability, flame retardancy and antistatic properties of coating No. 25 conformed the requirements of voluntary national standards GB/T 23445-2009 and coal industry standard MT113-1995, respectively. The CFA-based gas-sealing coating in the pilot test reduced the gas emission intensity by 40%–50%. It could have wide applications in coal mine roadway walls.
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Bhutta, Nimra Ilyas, Kinza Haneef, Seerat Rasheed, Sana Bashir, and Saleh Shah. "Effectiveness of muscle energy techniques and friction massage in hamstring tightness amongst young athletes of Pakistan." Rehabilitation Journal 07, no. 03 (September 30, 2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/trehabj.v7i03.24.
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Background: compromised hamstring flexibility is a risk factor to sports-related injuries, as muscular tightness is believed to reduce athletic performance. Different muscle energy techniques and friction massage are commonly practiced by manual therapists to improve hamstring flexibility. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and friction massage in hamstring tightness among young athletes in Pakistan Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (HHIRS), Mansehra, and Neurological Orthopaedic and Sports Injury Services Mansehra (NOSIS). A total of n=60 young athletes between 18-25 years with hamstring tightness and limited straight leg raise range of motion (<110⁰) were included in the study. The non-probability purposive sampling was used for data collection then the participants were randomly divided into Group A (n=20) received Post facilitation stretch (PFS), group B (n=20) received post-isometric relaxation (PIR), and Group C (n=20) which received deep friction massage through electronic massager. The athletic performance of the participants was assessed using the YMCA sit and reach test (S&RT) for flexibility, agility run test (ART) for agility, vertical jump test (VJT) for explosive power, and 100-meter run test (RT) for speed and explosive power at baseline, 10th day, and 20th day of the intervention. Results: The participants had a mean age of 21.55±2.05 years. The result showed that participants who received PFS showed significant (p<0.05) results as compared to PIR and FM after the 10th day, regarding VJT (p=0.006), ART (p=0.015), S&RT (p<0.001) and 100m RT (p<0.001). After the 20th day, PFA showed better results than PIR and FM after the 10th day. The participant who received FM showed less improvement than the remaining two groups but statistically significant p<0.05. Conclusion Muscle energy techniques, particularly PFS and PIR, proved effective in enhancing athletic performance parameters, including vertical jump, agility, and flexibility, among young athletes with hamstring tightness. These findings support their use in sports rehabilitation and injury prevention. Keywords: friction massage; hamstring tightness; manual mobilization technique; muscle energy technique; soft tissue mobilization post isometric relaxation; post facilitation stretch. Clinical Trail Number: NCT03680300
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Gajdosik, Richard. "Rectus Femoris Muscle Tightness: Intratester Reliability of an Active Knee Flexion Test." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 6, no. 5 (April 1985): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1985.6.5.289.
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Guex, Kenny, Francois Fourchet, Heiko Loepelt, and Gregoire P. Millet. "Passive Knee-Extension Test to Measure Hamstring Tightness: Influence of Gravity Correction." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 21, no. 3 (August 2012): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.3.231.
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Context:A passive knee-extension test has been shown to be a reliable method of assessing hamstring tightness, but this method does not take into account the potential effect of gravity on the tested leg.Objective:To compare an original passive knee-extension test with 2 adapted methods including gravity’s effect on the lower leg.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:20 young track and field athletes (16.6 ± 1.6 y, 177.6 ± 9.2 cm, 75.9 ± 24.8 kg).Intervention:Each subject was tested in a randomized order with 3 different methods: In the original one (M1), passive knee angle was measured with a standard force of 68.7 N (7 kg) applied proximal to the lateral malleolus. The second (M2) and third (M3) methods took into account the relative lower-leg weight (measured respectively by handheld dynamometer and anthropometrical table) to individualize the force applied to assess passive knee angle.Main Outcome Measures:Passive knee angles measured with video-analysis software.Results:No difference in mean individualized applied force was found between M2 and M3, so the authors assessed passive knee angle only with M2. The mean knee angle was different between M1 and M2 (68.8 ± 12.4 vs 73.1 ± 10.6, P < .001). Knee angles in M1 and M2 were correlated (r = .93, P < .001).Conclusions:Differences in knee angle were found between the original passive knee-extension test and a method with gravity correction. M2 is an improved version of the original method (M1) since it minimizes the effect of gravity. Therefore, we recommend using it rather than M1.
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Moschetti, R., L. Gullbrekken, and SK Asphaug. "Wind-driven rain tightness of building-integrated photovoltaics panels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012117.
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Abstract The exposure to wind-driven rain (WDR) is a key factor impacting the performance and the durability of the building envelope. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels are increasingly used as roofing and façade materials, but little information is available on their weather protection performance. Although WDR exposure has been qualitatively investigated in laboratories, only few studies have directly quantified the water intrusion through BIPV. This article presents the results from a WDR laboratory test of a BIPV product, where water intrusion was both qualitatively and quantitatively investigated. Furthermore, as roof integration is the primary function of the studied BIPV panels, the results from the same test performed on another traditional roofing material, i.e., concrete tiles, are described and discussed. The test results showed that the BIPV panels performed better as façade cladding than as roofing material, since no quantifiable water leakages were detected at 90° inclination. At 15° and 30° inclinations, the total water leakages through the BIPV system were around 90% lower than those of the concrete tile roofing. This article’s findings demonstrate that the quantification of water intrusion through BIPV panels is feasible and can provide significant information for further developing and improving the design of BIPV systems as climate screens.
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Najeeb, Momina, Sumbal Habib, Noor Mahmood, Maryam Kamal, Mubashr Awajid, Hijab Aslam, and Imran Hussain. "Prevalence of Upper Trapezius Tightness Due to Chronic Neck Pain and Poor Posture in University going Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610119.
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Aim: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of upper trapezius tightness due to chronic neck pain and poor posture in university students. Methods: An observational study design was opted for this research and a sample size of 360 participants were enrolled using non probability convenient sampling technique. Participants were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria which was undergraduate students of both gender above age 18 years. Data was collected using upper trapezius muscle length test to assess muscle tightness and Neck Pain Index Disability (NDI) questionnaire. For statistical analysis, SPSS version.24 was used and prevalence was interpreted using frequency tables and graphs. Association with chronic neck pain and poor posture was determined using chi square. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Upper trapezius tightness was found quite prevalent among university students. Results showed that 53.9% students could not lift heavy objects. 68.1% students could not read properly, 74.2% students had headache, 60% of students could not concentrate properly, 60.3% students had issues regarding sleep and 51.4% students could not be able to perform their recreational activities because of chronic pain in neck and poor postures while 52% students can drive easily with normal pain intensity due to upper trapezius tightness. Practical implication: This observational study would add and authenticate an evidence to the literature among the certain study population. This study would educate the university students and general population about posture related muscle pain and tightness which would help them identify the association between posture and muscular imbalance. Conclusion: This study concluded that upper trapezius tightness is highly prevalent among university student and it is strongly associated with chronic neck pain and poor posture. Keywords: Trapezius Muscle, Muscle Tightness, Neck Pain, Poor Posture, University Student.
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Gullbrekken, Lars, Therese Gransjøen, Erlend Andenæs, Berit Time, and Tore Kvande. "Rain resistance of windows – Lessons learned from two decades of laboratory testing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012140.
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Abstract Windows are important in buildings intended for human activities as they let in daylight and provide views. However, they may also be vulnerable in terms of heat loss, air leaks, rain tightness, and durability. In Nordic climates featuring severe driving rain exposure, water tightness is of outmost importance. SINTEF has for many decades been testing windows as part of the Norwegian yearly product control. Air permeability and water tightness are tested according to NS-EN 1026 and NS-EN 1027, respectively. The windows are then classified as described in NS-EN 12207 and NS-EN 12208. This paper summarises experiences from the last two decades of testing, presenting the results of 1130 tests of windows’ air permeability and rain tightness. The overall trend is that air and rain tightness performance of the windows have improved over time. Certain hinge configurations are clearly better than others, with tilt and turn windows performing the best and top hung casement windows the poorest. There is a clear trend that highly rainproof windows also exhibit lower air permeability. Multiple-window screens fail the test more often since they feature longer perimeters of opening. The contribution of weather sweep seals to the water tightness is significant as it makes an extra rain barrier to the joint between casement and frame. In general, leakage between the frames of double windows and in the joints of the frame occurs at lower air pressures than leakages between casement and frame. The lessons learned from the survey may guide future development of weatherproof windows.