Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tightness test

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tightness test'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tightness test"

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Zhang, Tao Tao, and Fei Wang. "The Air Tightness Test Method of the High Speed Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.482.

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The tightness of interior space in condition of a high speed train with its side door, side window closed called train air-tightness. The paper introduces the air tightness of the high speed train and the basic methods for air tightness testing. It also applies a constant pressure leak model to test and points out that the importance of air tightness for high speed train.
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Agnihotri, Dhara Santosh, Anjali R. Bhise, and Krutarth Purnendu Shah. "Validity & Reliability of Vonfidans (Het’s Device to Instantly Test Vaginal Tightness) to Test the Vaginal Tightness." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 8, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20230403.

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Vaginal laxity is a very common issue faced by many females. Looseness in the vagina is explained as laxity. Vaginal laxity can result into pelvic floor dysfunctions like urine leakage, pelvic organ prolapse, sexual dysfunction, reduced vaginal sensations, low back pain etc. Pregnancy and childbirth can be considered as the most common cause for developing vaginal laxity. In spite being so common condition, vaginal laxity is very less discussed and reported issue. By far there is no tool to test the vaginal tightness (strength of pelvic floor muscles). This study was aimed to measure the validity and reliability of Vonfidans to test the vaginal tightness. An observational study was conducted across 1011 participants who were classified as asymptomatic, urine leakage, sexual dysfunction, fecal leakage, having more than 1 symptoms. Outcome measure of VLQ, FSFI, MOS, PFDI – 20 were analysed with the results of Vonfidans to check for the validity of Vonfidans to current level of vaginal tightness. This study concluded that Vonfidans is reliable and valid tool to measure current level of vaginal tightness. Keywords:Vonfidans, Reduced Vaginal Laxity, Vaginal Tightness.
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Deshmukh, Aishwarya, Archana Nagargoje, and Abhijit Diwate. "PREVALENCE OF HAMSTRING AND ILIOTIBIAL BAND TIGHTNESS IN NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS." VIMS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimsjpt.2106.

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Background- An observational study was conducted on 60 college going students experiencing nonspecific low back pain of mild to moderate range[ on VAS 2-5]. METHOD- Assessment of hamstring and IT band tightness was done by using 90-90 hamstring test and Ober’s test respectively. Participant were checked for tightness and marked whether tightness present or not RESULT- Analysis of outcomes was done by the mean and standard deviation. The result showed that, 58.33% male and 95.85% has female has hamstring muscle tightness. 16.66% Male and 22.91% female has of IT band tightness. 85% population [both male and female] shows of hamstring muscle tightness. While 85 % of male and females both shows hamstring muscle tightness. 21.66% populations [ both M and F] shows of IT band tightness. Conclusion- Study shows the prevalence of hamstring and IT band tightness is present in nonspecific low back pain. In participant hamstring muscle tightness is more profound (85%) than IT band tightness (21.66%).
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Tariq, Zaina, Hamna Zahoor, Rahat Ayub, Anam Abbas, Rahat Afzal, and Wadha Ijaz Kamran. "Association of Isolated Gastrocnemius Tightness in Patients with Heel Pain." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.484.

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Background: Heel pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among adults, significantly impacting quality of life. Recent studies suggest a strong association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain, although comprehensive research in diverse populations remains scarce. Understanding the relationship between gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of isolated gastrocnemius tightness with heel pain in a Pakistani adult population, focusing on the prevalence of gastrocnemius tightness among individuals presenting with heel pain and the effectiveness of specific diagnostic tests in identifying this condition. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 223 participants from various hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. The study population comprised adults aged 30 to 60 years experiencing heel pain. Diagnostic assessments included the Windlass and Silfverskiöld tests to evaluate plantar fasciitis and gastrocnemius tightness, respectively. Data on age, gender, and test outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and significance testing to explore the association between heel pain and gastrocnemius tightness. Results: The average age of participants was 42.24 ± 4.973 years, with a gender distribution of 59.6% females and 40.4% males. The Windlass test was positive in 89.2% (199) of participants, while the Silfverskiöld test showed a positive outcome for gastrocnemius tightness in 79.8% (178) of cases. A significant correlation was found between the results of the Windlass and Silfverskiöld tests (Pearson correlation = .691, p < .000), indicating a strong association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain. Conclusion: This study confirms a significant association between isolated gastrocnemius tightness and heel pain among adults in Lahore, Pakistan. The findings underscore the importance of assessing gastrocnemius tightness in patients presenting with heel pain and suggest that targeted interventions addressing this condition could enhance treatment outcomes.
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Panchal, Shruti, Dharaben Patel, Ambica Mall, and Threety Pruchhak. "Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscles Inhibition and Self Stretch on Calf and Hamstring Muscle Tightness: One Time Comparative Study." Parul University Journal of Health Sciences and Research 2, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62373/pujhsr.2023.122.

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Background: Muscle tightness is the most limiting factor for restricted ROM and decreased joint flexibility. Hamstring and calf muscles are more prone to getting tight, which causes musculoskeletal problems. This study focused on checking the effects of various therapeutic techniques, including the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique and self-stretching technique, on hamstring and calf muscle flexibility in subjects with tight muscle groups. Objectives: To determine the effects of sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Methodology: A total number of 60 subjects aged between 20 and 45years were analyzed for the Active knee extension test, Passive dorsiflexion test, and Sit and reach test to assess the sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Result: Showed significant improvement in AKE following suboccipital muscle inhibition (pre= 135.9; post = 162.63) and self-stretching (pre= 137.53; post=162.13) Had been obtained by comparing pre and post-intervention values of outcome measures AKE () (AKE, SRT and Ankle DF) by using paired t-test whereas between-group comparison of post, data mean and SD is done by impaired t-test. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique is more effective in relieving tightness from the hamstring and calf group of muscles as compared to the self-stretching technique in AKE, SRT, and Ankle dorsiflexion. Keywords: calf muscle tightness, Hamstring muscle tightness.
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Muhammad, Atta, Muhammad Rizwan Rana, Tooba Amin, Christina Angela, Felicianus Anthony Pereira, and Mazhar Ali Bhutto. "Prevalence of Piriformis Muscle Tightness among Undergraduate Medical Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 964–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162964.

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of piriformis muscle tightness among allied health students, and its relationship with age, gender and year of study. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. A sample size of 259 was calculated using Open Epi v3.01. Allied health students from physical therapy, occupational therapy and prosthetics & orthotics programs participated in this study, which lasted 4 months. After obtaining informed consent, data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire. Piriformis muscle tightness, and symptom recurrence, was determined using the FAIR test. Results: Average age of participants was 21.94±1.81 years. Females comprised of 79.9% of the study population. High percentage (85.3%) were from the physical therapy program. Most common posture was crossed leg sitting (48.3%). Positive FAIR test was found in 41.7% of the population. Strong correlation between age-group with FAIR test was noted (p=0.036). Conclusion: Piriformis muscle tightness is prevalent in those who engage in prolonged sitting postures. Furthermore, strong association of piriformis tightness with age is present, whereas no relationship with gender and year of study has been observed. Keywords: Piriformis muscle tightness, Piriformis muscle syndrome, Low back pain, Sedentary individuals, FAIR test.
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Smith, Peter B. "Cultural Values Versus Cultural Norms as Predictors of Differences in Helping Behaviors and in Emotion Regulation: A Preliminary Nation-Level Test Related to the Leung-Morris Model." Management and Organization Review 13, no. 4 (December 2017): 739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.51.

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ABSTRACTLeung and Morris (2015) propose conditions under which values, norms, and schemata drive cultural differences in behavior. They build on past theories about dimensions of situational strength to propose that personal values drive behavior more in weak situations and perceived norms drive behavior more in strong situations. Drawing on this analysis as well as two recent models of cultural tightness-looseness, country-level effects are predicted on the assumption that tighter cultures more frequently create strong situations and looser cultures more frequently create weak situations. Using secondary data, I examine values as well as perceived descriptive norms and injunctive norms relevant to collectivism in relation to two key dependent measures: helping strangers and emotion regulation. The relation of embeddedness values to helping strangers is moderated negatively by tightness (in that high embeddedness reduces helping less in the context of tightness), and its relation to emotion regulation is moderated positively (in that embeddedness increases emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Furthermore, descriptive norms show main effects for both dependent variables that are predominantly unmoderated by tightness. Finally, the link of injunctive norms with emotion regulation is moderated positively by tightness (in that injunctiveness heightens emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Results support the relevance of nation-level tightness to reliance on values and norms, but the strength of effects depends on how it is operationalized.
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Khalil, Elaaf, Ruhma Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan, Amna Khalid, Sultan Ayaz, and Hassan Javed. "Prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours Authors." International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52461/ijnms.v1i4.1040.

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Background: Hamstrings undergo adaptive shortening. It is common in healthy individuals to have a sedentary lifestyle affecting males (91.8%) more than females (78.7%). Hamstring tightness can interrupt ADL’s predisposing the person to further health problems i.e. plantar fasciitis, sacroiliac joint pain, decreased lumbar lordosis, knee pain, quadriceps malfunction, postural disturbances, overstretched lumbar ligaments, reduced muscle strength. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its effects on lower extremity function in individuals with prolonged standing. Materials and Methods: 65 participants were chosen for this cross-sectional study by convenient sampling; all were female nurses. The hamstring tightness was measured by the data collection tools i.e. lower limb task questionnaire, straight leg raise test, and active knee extension test after having the consent forms signed by the participants. The data was collected from three big hospitals in the city. Results: The results of the study conducted to see the prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours showed that only 15.38% of the sample (n=65) with a mean age of 31-35 years were found with bilateral hamstrings tightness while 84.62% were found with no hamstrings tightness. Conclusion: The prevalence of hamstring tightness in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours is low.
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Imtiaz, Rafia, Asma Sattar, Anum Qaiser, Hanan Azfar, Kiran Haq, Syeda Amna Bukhari, Kanwal Fatima, Hafiza Rabia Javed, Hira Rafique, and Intsam Aslam. "Association of Hamstring Tightness with Lower Extremity Injuries in Athletes (Analytical Cross-Sectional Study)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 30, 2023): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175575.

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Background: Flexibility if muscle is required for normal bio-mechanical functioning. Muscle tightness results from reduced capability of muscle to modify its shape during movement which results in decreased ROM. Hamstring tightness is one of the cause of hamstring injuries in athletes which leads to slowed recovery and compromises performance of athlete in the field. Objective: To find the association of hamstring tightness with lower extremity injuries in athletes. Methodology: The study was conducted on 141 athletes out of those 61 were cricketers and 80 were footballers. This study was conducted from January to May 2023. Convenient sampling was used and participants were selected from different football and cricket clubs of Lahore on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the lower extremity injuries and active knee extension test use to measure the hamstring tightness in athletes. Statistical data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Result: The results showed negative correlation between Active knee Extension test and lower extremity injuries as the value of Pearson Correlation coefficient was r = -0.204. The mean±SD for Active knee Extension test was 1.31± 0.456 while that of Lower extremity Injury level was 1.28±0.56. There was significant association between AKE test and Knee pain and LBP as P-value of 0.047 amd 0.048 was obtained respectively, while there was no significant association seen between AKE test and lower extremity Injury level as p- value of 0.34 was obtined. The p-value represented that null hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: On the basis of results Hamstring tightness is not found to be associated with Lower Extremity Injuries. While hamstring tightness could cause knee pain and low back pain in athletes. So maintaining the flexibility of hamstring in athletes could reduce the knee pain and LBP and will enhance their participation in sports. Keywords: Hamstring tightness,Nordic questionnaire ,active knee extension test.
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Fredriksen, H., H. Dagfinrud, V. Jacobsen, and S. Maehlum. "Passive knee extension test to measure hamstring muscle tightness." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 7, no. 5 (January 30, 2007): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00153.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tightness test"

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Réveillère, Arnaud. "The development of the concern for tightness in the salt cavern industries, of accurate tightness test techniques and of the concept of Mechanical Integrity Tes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS564.

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Les cavités salines ont été initialement un sous-produit de l'extraction industrielle de sel. Dans les années 40, elles ont commencé à être utilisées pour y stocker des hydrocarbures. Il y a aujourd'hui 2000 cavités salines dans le monde stockant des fluides liquides, gazeux ou supercritiques. La nécessité de tester l'étanchéité des cavités de stockage est venue avec leur développement. Une grande diversité de techniques a été proposée, variant dans le temps, selon les sociétés et les pays. Par ailleurs, plusieurs critères d'acceptation de ces tests ont été, et sont encore, utilisés. Si les premiers critères ont tenté de relier le succès ou l'échec d'un test à de possibles impacts, l'industrie a préféré utiliser des critères qui ont démontré leur applicabilité et leur efficacité via un historique limité d'accidents lorsqu'ils étaient appliqués. Ce travail présente toutes ces initiatives et leur contexte historique. Les incertitudes de mesure sont propagées afin de permettre de comparer la précision des principaux tests. Inventé dans les années 70, le "Mechanical Integrity Test" azote/saumure est progressivement devenu la référence des tests d'étanchéité de cavités salines. La comparaison des précisions montre qu'il est excellent. Parmi les options de stockage massif, les cavités salines ont aujourd'hui une propriété singulière: leur étanchéité peut être testée très précisément
Salt caverns started being produced as a by-product of the salt production industry. In the 1940s, these caverns started being used for storage of hydrocarbons. There are now 2000 salt caverns globally storing liquid, gaseous or supercritical fluids. The necessity to test the tightness of the storage caverns came along with their development. A large variety of techniques have been proposed, varying over time, companies and countries. In addition, several acceptance criteria of these tests have been, and are still, used. While first attempts were to relate a fail/pass criteria to possible impacts, the industry rather relied on criteria that have shown their applicability and their effectiveness through a track record of a limited number of accidents when applied. This work presents all these initiatives and their historical context. Measurements uncertainties are propagated in order to enable to compare the accuracies of the main tightness test techniques. Invented in the 1970s, the nitrogen/brine "Mechanical Integrity Test" progressively became the reference tightness test technique for salt caverns. The comparison of tests accuracies shows it is excellent. Among massive storage options, salt caverns now have a singular property: their tightness can be tested very accurately
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Šťastný, Daniel. "Zkouška těsnosti vysokotlaké části čerpadla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230967.

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This essay discusses actual situation and method for high pressure pump part testing. Here are possibilities for moving of high pressure leakage test on test benches used for pump functional test. Savings and costs plus return on investment are calculated for testing process change.
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Vašek, Richard. "Návrh zařízení pro zkoušení těsnosti plastových přírub." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230893.

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The main diploma thesis‘s target is to propose applicable industrial method for the industrial leak testing with high definition. The result is to compare available methods and to propose the suitable one. The final target of the diploma thesis is definition of the defined method that will be able to detect leaks required by customer and fulfil internal requirements of the Robert Bosch ltd. Company.
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Kermes, Adam. "Vliv volby vstupních parametrů zařízení Blowerdoor testu na výslednou hodnotu průvzdušnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225752.

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The thesis examines the influence of choice of input parameters Blowerdoor test equipment on the final value of air permeability. Measurements have been performed on a set of four experimental buildings and one room.
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Julinová, Patricie. "Návrh opatření pro snížení energetické náročnosti prodejny potravin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240210.

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The master thesis deals with measures to reduce energy performance of grocery store building. Model of the grocery store is evaluated according to a recommended energy values specified by Czech standards and according to the real values of the actual consumption. These values are compared. Final building analysis for a proposal measures to reduce energy consumption is based on the invoices of the real consumption and on the experimental assignments. Experimental measurements are the Blower door test of the tightness of the building envelope, the measures with the thermovision camera and the measuring of the illumination intensity. The most efficient proposal is extended to the whole model network of the food shops in the Czech Republic.
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Lima, Andreia Bastos Pires de. "Study of the tightness of the metallization used on top of a thin film capacitor cell." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/39556.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais
Vishay Intertechnology Inc. is a worldwide company in electronic components sector. It is a manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components. Vishay Electrónica Portugal Lda in Vila Nova de Famalicão produces film capacitors, which are the main focus of this work. Film capacitors are applied on several electronic equipments and the reliability of the capacitors has a major impact on the operational reliability and maintenance costs of the whole system. To test the capacitors reliability it is used biased 85°C/85% RH test. In this test, the components are exposed at 85°C and 85% relative humidity during 1000 hours. Vishay wants to ensure their customers that the capacitors pass the biased 85°C/85% RH test. In this way, it is necessary to improve the capacitor construction and inherent performance. A film capacitor is mainly constituted by five parts: film metallization, metallization on top of the cell, terminals, insulating resin and plastic case. During this work, the film metallization and the metallization applied on top of the cell were tested in order to evaluate their behavior in terms of corrosion and permeability. In film metallizations were performed atomic force microscopy and electrochemical corrosion tests. In the electrochemical corrosion tests, film metallizations that only have zinc in their composition exhibited the best corrosion resistance. The film metallization with lower roughness has better electrical behavior compared with film metallization with higher roughness, which can explains the differences in the electrical behavior. The metallizations were investigated in terms of permeability, adhesion to the cell and thermal conductivity. The Zn-SnCu3 is the metallization that exhibits better adhesion to the cell, and consequently, better mechanical properties and lower oxide content. Additionally, SnZn is the metallization with lower value of thermal conductivity, which means that it is the best thermal barrier compared with the others metallizations. Finally, the metallization that exhibited lowest permeability and thus better cell protection against humidity, was the ZnAl (275 μm)-SnCu3 (325 μm), due to the lower particle size and optimum condition of thickness to produce denser metallizations.
Vishay Intertechnology Inc. é uma empresa multinacional no sector dos componentes eletrónicos. É um produtor de semicondutores discretos e componentes eletrónicos passivos. Vishay Electrónica Portugal Lda em Vila Nova de Famalicão produz condensadores de filme, sendo estes o principal foco deste trabalho. Os condensadores de filme são aplicados em vários equipamentos eletrónicos e o seu correto funcionamento tem um grande impacto na fiabilidade e nos custos de manutenção de todo o sistema. Para testar a fiabilidade dos condensadores é utilizado o teste de tendência 85°C/85% HR. Neste teste, os componentes são expostos a 85°C e 85% humidade relativa durante 1000 horas. Deste modo, é necessário melhorar a construção do condensador e o seu desempenho. Um condensador de filme é maioritariamente constituído por cinco partes: fita metalizada, metalização, terminais, resina isolante e copo. No decorrer deste trabalho, a fita metalizada e a metalização aplicada no topo da bobina foram testadas com o objetivo de avaliar o seu comportamento em termos de corrosão e permeabilidade. As fitas metalizadas foram testadas por microscopia de força atómica e por testes de corrosão eletroquímicos. Nos testes de corrosão electroquímicos, as fitas metalizadas que só possuíam zinco na sua composição exibiram a melhor resistência à corrosão. A fita metalizada da Steiner tem o menor valor de rugosidade, o que explica o melhor comportamento elétrico comparando com a fita metalizada da Dhruv. As metalizações foram investigadas em termos de permeabilidade, adesão à bobina e condutividade térmica. A metalização Zn-SnCu3 é a que exibe melhor adesão à bobina e, consequentemente, melhores propriedades mecânicas e menor teor de óxidos. Adicionalmente, SnZn é a metalização com menor valor de condutividade térmica, o que significa que é uma melhor barreira térmica comparando com as outras metalizações. Finalmente, a metalização que exibiu menor valor de permeabilidade e assim, melhor proteção da bobina contra a humidade, foi ZnAl (275 μm)-SnCu3 (325 μm), devido ao menor tamanho da partícula e à condição ótima de espessura para produzir metalizações mais densas.
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Books on the topic "Tightness test"

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Ober, David G. Attic insulation performance: Full scale tests of conventional insulation and radiant barriers. Alexandria, VA: Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association, 1990.

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Hebestreit, Helge, Susi Kriemler, and Thomas Radtke. Exercise, physical activity, and asthma. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0024.

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The incidence of asthma in children varies among countries and can be estimated to range between 5% and 20%. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is common in patients with asthma but can also occur in some children without asthma. Typical symptoms of EIA include cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath shortly after exercise. The pathophysiology of EIA is not completely understood, but it has been shown that airway cooling and drying with increased ventilation during exercise and airway re-warming after exercise play a pivotal role. In addition, a lack of physical activity may also contribute to EIA. Regular exercise may increase fitness and psychological well-being but may also positively influence airway inflammation in children with asthma. The diagnosis of EIA is based on the typical history and may be verified by an exercise challenge test. Every child with EIA should be able to engage in all type of physical activities.
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Tarsia, Paolo. Dyspnoea in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0083.

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Dyspnoea may be defined as a subjective experience of discomfort associated with breathing. Breathing discomfort arises as a result of complex interactions between signals relayed from the upper airways, the chest wall, the lungs, and the central nervous system. Integration of this information with higher brain centres provides further processing. The final aspects of the sensation of dyspnoea are influenced by contextual, environmental, behavioural, and cognitive factors. At least three qualitatively distinct sensations have been employed to describe discomfort in breathing—air hunger, increased effort of breathing, and chest tightness. Air hunger has been shown to be associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors. Increased effort of breathing may arise in clinical conditions that impair respiratory muscle performance through abnormal mechanical loads or when respiratory muscles are weakened (neuromuscular diseases). Chest tightness is often experienced by asthmatic patients during episodes of acute bronchoconstriction. Measurement of dyspnoea is essential in order to assess it adequately and monitor response to treatment. Dyspnoea assessment may be carried out thorough a number of different scales, questionnaires, or exercise tests. Strategies in controlling dyspnoea should not focus uniquely on decreasing dyspnoea intensity. Patients may profit from interventions that decrease the unpleasantness associated with breathlessness without necessarily affecting the intensity component of the symptom.
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Buchanan, Elaine, and Chris Lavy. Low back pain. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0064.

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Low back pain (LBP) is pain arising from the structures of the lumbar spine, including joints, discs, connective tissue, and nerves. Symptoms include pain and, muscle tightness or stiffness, with or without referral of pain to the legs. Most (95%) of LBP is managed in primary care; the rest is managed in secondary care. LBP affects nearly everyone at some point in their life and has an annual prevalence of around 40%. It is less common in children but from age 16 onwards the point prevalence for all age groups is around 25%. Many experience milder persisting symptoms interspersed with exacerbations, and 7% of adults have persisting LBP, which restricts function. This chapter discusses LBP, including definitions, differential diagnosis, context, approach to diagnosis, specific clues to the diagnosis, key diagnostic tests, treatment and therapy, prognosis, and how to handle uncertainty in the diagnosis of the symptom.
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Kelly, Evelyn B. What You Need to Know about Asthma. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216034735.

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While some individuals with asthma consider the condition only a minor nuisance, for others it significantly interferes with daily activities and may even be life-threatening. This book offers readers a broad introduction to this common respiratory issue. Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by spasms, swelling, and excess mucus production in the bronchial passages of the lungs. This triggers coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. While asthma can usually be managed with medications and avoidance of certain triggers, it's a serious—potentially deadly—chronic disease. What You Need to Know about Asthma is part of Greenwood's Inside Diseases and Disorders series. This series profiles a variety of physical and psychological conditions, distilling and consolidating vast collections of scientific knowledge into concise, readable volumes. A list of "top 10" essential questions begins each book, providing quick-access answers to readers' most pressing concerns. The text follows a standardized, easy-to-navigate structure, with each chapter exploring a particular facet of the topic. In addition to covering such basics as causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, books in this series delve into issues that are less commonly addressed but still critically important, such as effects on loved ones and caregivers. Case illustrations highlight key themes discussed in the book and are accompanied by insightful analyses and recommendations.
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Book chapters on the topic "Tightness test"

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Aoki, Kenji. "Air-tightness Test." In Storage of LPG in Large Rock Caverns, 181–244. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367822163-6.

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Chen, JiaZhao, WenTao Yu, and Liang Qi. "A Method to Raise Test Efficiency of SRM Gas-Tightness." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 477–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25986-9_75.

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Nagy, András. "Strength Test and Dimensioning on Leak Tightness of Flange Joints." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 165–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31226-7_7.

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Yu, Yang, Min Zhao, and Yongheng Yang. "The Pressure Detection and Control for Gas Tightness Test of Metal Capillary Tube." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 231–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25992-0_33.

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Liu, Heng, Weiwen Xu, Hongtao Xu, and Xuemiao Xiang. "Numerical Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Basic Stress Unit Frame of Socket-Type Wheel Buckle Formwork Support Frame Body." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 151–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_12.

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AbstractSocket-and-socket wheel-buckle steel pipe formwork support frame is a new formwork support system, with fixed component specifications and fast erection speed, which can significantly improve the construction efficiency. Its application performance is different from that of fastener-type, bowl-buckle-type and plate-buckle-type, and there are not enough experimental and numerical analysis results to consult. Therefore, based on the bearing capacity test of the basic bearing units of socket-type wheel-buckle steel pipe formwork support, the finite element software ANSYS is used to conduct numerical analysis of 12 groups of basic bearing units, and the influence degree of vertical bearing capacity of different specifications of unit supports is studied by stud spacing and wedge tightness of cross bar plug. It is pointed out that the stiffness of formwork support in the vertical and horizontal directions should not be too different in the construction process.
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Vignaud, J.-C., P. Digat, and H. Nowak. "Water And Steam Tightness Tests of Expanded Graphite Static Gaskets for Nuclear Power Plant Steam Generators." In Fluid Sealing, 141–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2412-6_10.

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Perlongo, Alessandro, Nicolas Goujard, Mahsa Mozayan, and Farid Benboudjema. "Development of a Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Model of the Containment Vessel Vercors to Study Its Aging and Leak Tightness, Based on Specimen Tests and In Situ Measurements." In RILEM Bookseries, 289–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07746-3_29.

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Novak, Peter. "Case 37: Severe Dyspnea and Preload Failure." In Autonomic Testing, edited by Peter Novak, 219–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190889227.003.0042.

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An older patient presents with fatigue, exertional dyspnea, exertional chest tightness, and palpitations. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) showed low biventricular filling pressure and poor peripheral oxygen extraction as a cause of dyspnea, consistent with preload failure. Tilt test demonstrated postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neuropathic form.
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Sarkar, Dipak K. "Air-Tightness/Leakage Test of the Furnace, Air, and Flue Gas Ducts of a Steam Generator." In Thermal Power Plant, 211–23. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101112-6.00010-1.

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Hebestreit, Helge, Susi Kriemler, and Thomas Radtke. "Physical activity, exercise, and asthma." In Oxford Textbook of Children's Sport and Excercise Medicine 4e, edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen, 345—C24P168. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192843968.003.0024.

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Abstract The incidence of asthma in children varies among countries and is estimated to range between 5% and 20%. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is common in patients with asthma, but can also occur in some children without asthma. Typical symptoms of EIA include cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath shortly after exercise. The pathophysiology of EIA is not completely understood. It has been shown that airway cooling and drying with increased ventilation during exercise plays a pivotal role, as well as airway rewarming after exercise. In addition, a lack of physical activity may also contribute to EIA. Regular exercise may increase fitness and psychological well-being, but also positively influences airway inflammation in children with asthma. The diagnosis of EIA is based on the typical history and may be verified by an exercise challenge test. Every child with asthma should be able to engage in all type of physical activities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tightness test"

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Bazergui, Andre, Luc Marchand, and James R. Payne. "The Aged Hot Tightness Test for Gaskets." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890273.

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Schaaf, Manfred, Thomas Klenk, Ralf Vogel, and Jaroslav Bartonicek. "Tightness Characteristics of Packings." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71471.

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The demands on industry to reduce fugitive emissions are increasing, steadily /1/, /2/. On this background it is necessary to improve function and tightness of tightening joints like flanged joints and stuffing box packings. Function and tightness can only be guaranteed if the entire chain of parameters involved is taken in to account (design criteria, gasket factors, calculation, mounting procedure). On the field of flanged joints there are standardization projects on the way that address the topics of the new regulatory demands. Only few work is done regarding stuffing box packings, however. Similar to flanged joints a reliable function and tightness of stuffing box packings can only be achieved if the behaviour of the parts (bolts, gland, stuffing box) is known and their interaction is understood. Regarding the behaviour of stuffing box packing materials it is necessary to determine characteristics like deformation capability, relaxation, friction and leak rate. These characteristics have to be used to prove function and tightness. Some attempts to define these characteristic values have already been made; test procedures and test rigs to determine these values have been developed. Parallel to that, gasket manufacturers are developing new packing materials and entire packing sets in order to meet the more stringent requirements on tightness. One of these newly developed products are nonwoven packing sets which should be applicable up to temperatures of 280 °C in the processing and chemical industry. In the paper the most relevant packing material characteristics and the necessary tests to determine these characteristics are reviewed, first. Then the results of extensive tests with new nonwoven packing sets regarding tightness characteristics, friction, wear and gap extrusion are presented.
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Zhao, Xueqian, and Zhonghai Lu. "Empowering study of delay bound tightness with simulated annealing." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date.2014.263.

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Zhao, Xueqian, and Zhonghai Lu. "Empowering study of delay bound tightness with simulated annealing." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date2014.263.

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Kobayashi, Takashi, Kiichi Masui, Kengou Nishiura, and Hideshi Shibata. "Method to Estimate the Bolt Loads to Satisfy Tightness Criteria for Gasketed Bolted Flanged Connections." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25614.

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With the recent increase of a safety and environmental concern, the tightness of gasketed flanged connections becomes an important issue. In estimating the tightness of gasketed flanged connections, the sealing behavior of gaskets must be known. Currently, methods to test the sealing behaviors have been established in the North America, Europe and Japan. However, the relationships between the gasket data and the tightness of gasketed flanged connections have not been examined systematically. This paper consists of two parts: gasket data concerning sealing behavior and tightness of gasketed flanged connections. Firstly, several sheet gaskets were tested based on the test method JIS B 2490 in order to grasp tightness characteristics of gaskets. Secondly, tightness tests are carried out using blind flanges with the gaskets used in the gasket test. Both the results are compared and discussed to highlight the relationship between them. It is shown that the tightness of bolted flanged connections is largely affected by the sealing behavior of gaskets. Finally, based on the results, a simplified method to estimate the tightness of flanged connections is proposed and applied bolting load.
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Kobayashi, Takashi, Kiichi Masui, and Wong Teck Soon. "The Relationship Between Sealing Behavior of Gaskets and the Leak Tightness of Gasketed Bolted Flanged Connections." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77633.

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With the recent increase of a safety and environmental concern, the tightness of gasketed flanged connections becomes an important issue. In estimating the tightness of gasketed flanged connections, the sealing behavior of gaskets must be known. Currently, methods to test the sealing behaviors have been established in the North America, Europe and Japan. However, the relationships between the gasket data and the tightness of gasketed flanged connections have not been examined systematically. This paper consists of two parts: gasket data concerning sealing behavior and tightness of gasketed flanged connections. Firstly, several sheet gaskets were tested based on the test method JIS B 2490 in order to grasp tightness of gaskets. Secondly, tightness tests were carried out using blind flanges with the tested gaskets by JIS B 2490. Both the results were compared and discussed to highlight the relationship between them. It is shown that the tightness of bolted flanged connections is largely affected by the sealing behavior of gaskets. Based on the results, a simplified method to estimate the tightness of flanged connections is proposed.
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Yan, Feng, Qing Miao, Xiangdong Xue, Yubin Wang, Daquan Li, and Jingnan Zhang. "Research on Leak Test for Long Distance Gas Pipline." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90068.

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The main purpose of pre-service leak test is to prove the tightness of the pipeline system. It plays an important role to guarantee the safety operating of pipeline. However, the duration of leak test is different in different countries. If the duration of tightness test is longer, the tightness level can be sufficiently detected, which is benefit for pipeline safe operating, but the cost and the time of project must be extended; if the duration of tightness test is shorter, the defect of pipeline can not be fully exposed, which may be left hidden trouble for pipeline safe operating. Meanwhile, the tightness test may be influenced by many factors, for example the test medium, pipeline capacity, pressure, ambient temperature variation, leak detection methods, and so on. Therefore, it is unreasonable to leak test with same duration for different kinds of gas pipeline, which regulated in some standards, for example CSA Z662-11, BS EN1594:2000, ISO 13623:2008, GB 50251-2003, and so on. At the same time, those standards all regulated that the duration of tightness test should be properly extended while the pipeline capacity and ambient temperature variation obviously affect the accuracy of leak test, but the definite value is not regulated. In addition, they also regulated that the pressure increases or decreases during leak test shall be acceptable provided that it can be demonstrated through calculations that the pressure change is caused by ambient temperature variations, but there is no explicit calculation method. Now, the specified duration of leak test in different standards are all based on the engineering experience. Because there is no rational theory way, it makes the identification and modification of the duration for different kinds of pipeline become blind. Based on the theory of fluid mechanics, material mechanics, elastic mechanics, a mathematical model about the duration of leak test for long distance gas pipeline is developed for the first time. The influences of the test medium, pipeline capacity, pressure, ambient temperature variation and other factors which may impact the duration of leak test are synthetically considered in the model. The experimental verification shows that the result calculated by the model is accurate. It can provide reliable theoretical guidance for determining reasonable leak test duration for long distance gas pipeline.
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Vidal-Dho, Matthias, Quentin Hubert, Patrice Gonon, Philippe Delorme, Jonathan Jacquot, Maxime Marchetti, Ludovic Beauvisage, et al. "Probing impact on pad moisture tightness: A challenge for pad size reduction." In 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmts.2019.8730990.

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Schmidt, Matthias, Hubertus Murrenhoff, Henrik Lohrberg, and Franz-Josef Ko¨rber. "Tightness Investigation on Hydraulic Seat Valves." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66111.

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Hydraulic valves are commonly divided into spool and seat valves. The latter provide the advantage of being able to isolate a hydraulic pressure nearly without leakage. However, in certain applications any leakage whatsoever is prohibited. Therefore, efforts are carried out to increase the tightness of the metallic sealing. For this purpose, a test rig was designed and manufactured to investigate different seat geometries in combination with varying hydraulic and mechanical parameters. To exclude the influence on the leakage of other seals, the flow is measured at the low pressure side of the seat. By means of a structured approach, the influences of factors on leakage as well as their interdependencies are being investigated. Within this paper measurement results of the leakage’s dependency on time, contact force and geometry are presented. For this purpose basic correlations are introduced, verified by the results of three different valve geometries.
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Londe Camargos, Tomás, Ewerton Augusto Sousa Nogueira, Denilson Carmo, Gabriel Ribeiro, Ana Maria Figueiredo, and José Felipe Dias. "Crack initiation test in bending fatigue: detecting by the loss of gas-tightness." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0680.

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