Journal articles on the topic 'Tiaras Design'

Community Partnership Program in small home industry of making fish floss brand "Savitri" and "Tiaras" inKupang city in the form of application of electric centrifugation filter model has been implemented. One of the problemsin the production of Savitri and Tiaras fish floss is that there is still a lot of oil in the frying product which is only drainedon a simple sieve and then placed for some time on traditional tools of filter and paper that can cause low quality and lowquality, so it is necessary to reduce the oil yield frying fish floss product. In order to increase the added value and sellingvalue of the products, it is necessary synergy between Universities and Partners in the form of application of the results ofscience and technology to the public. The main components of the composer of the versatile filter are the cylindrical plateas the bucket of the filter, the cylinder filter, the electric dynamo as the centrifuge system rotator and the load-bearingconstruction. The method of this program is the provision of materials, design and manufacture of tools, demonstrationtools and the provision of a versatile filter cylinder system centrifuge model by the team, simulation tools, specialcounseling at the location of partners and suggestions as a follow-up in the endurance of production. The output of thisprogram can provide added value in the form of the use of this tool can improve labor efficiency, increase productivitypartners by producing 40 kg to 50 kg raw material, raw fish marlin, fish meat after cleaning, processed, fried, in andpacked into 80-100 packs of fish floss with the price of Rp. 40,000.00 per package weighing 250 grams. With estimatedpartners will earn a profit of Rp 3,200,000 - 4,000,000.00 per production or 12,800,000.00 - 16,000,000.00 per month incash and consumptions, as well as the abundance of non-greasy, clean and hybrid fish products

Objective - The purpose of this research is to discover the ways to implement aspects of interior branding in the interior of commercial and retail spaces. It seeks to articulate how space as an interior branding medium can convey the message of retail owners to visitors through retail interior design. Methodology/Technique - This study uses the descriptive qualitative method with the Tiara Handycraft Store as a case study. Data collection was achieved by conducting interviews with retail managers and visitors, and field observations. The data were analyzed descriptively to elaborate on how to apply every aspect of interior branding in the interior design of the Tiara Handicraft Store. Data analysis in this study was performed based on Kim Kuthteubl's aspects of interior branding, namely: clear vision, unique story, and energy. Findings - The results of this study indicate that the interior design of the Tiara Handicraft Store has implemented the interior branding aspects of clear vision, unique story, and energy. The combination of these three aspects in the interior design of this store has supported the construction of the identity or brand of the store through the media of its interior space. This application can be seen in the selection of shapes, colors, materials for interior elements, organization of space, and arrangement of furniture and displays. An ambiance of cheerfulness, fun, and comfort has been formed with the play of bright color compositions, patterns, and materials of the interior spatial elements. In this design, space as an interior branding medium conveyed stories, messages from shop owners to visitors through the ambiance, logos, signage, and other interior elements such as the decorative Tiara Handicraft's wall of fame. Through this wall, visitors were entertained with the idea that every item created has its own story, that there is a creative process behind every artwork, and that there are job opportunities for people with disabilities, encouraging a call for social awareness. It is this story or message that uniquely distinguishes Tiara Handicraft Store from other stores in general. Novelty - This study provides insight and is expected to bring awareness to interior designers about the importance of implementing holistic interior branding in retail interior design to increase the value of their designs. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Commercial interiors; Interior Branding; Retail space; Commercial Space, Clear Vision, Unique Story, Energy JEL Classification: D02, M31, M39.

The purpose of this study is to provide suggestions regarding the design of cash sales accounting information systems in accordance with the company's activities. Because based on the results of observations, interviews, and documentation data that has been obtained, the accounting information system for cash sales of Dapur Kue Tiara Sari still uses a manual calculation process by adding up the sales results and goods sold into the book. In addition, the company does not have a flowchart or SOP that is used as a reference material to ensure the quality of the data obtained. The research method used is a qualitative case study method. Methods of data collection in this study through interviews, documentation, and observation. The result of this research is the design of manual and computerized cash sales accounting information system. The design manual system consists of the implementation procedure, the document design used, and the internal control system that is created to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the company's performance in carrying out daily activities. For a computerized system, the design consists of implementation procedures, and detailed system design in the form of table designs and input output designs.

Tiara Brand is a self-produced clothing business. The process of selling products at Tiara Brand is done by promoting their products through social media. This process is considered less effective, because customers have to order through another application, namely WhatsApp. Business owners also find it difficult to promote their products widely. Based on these problems, this study will discuss the design and creation of a website-based e-commerce application using the CodeIgniter framework, so that it is easier for customers to buy products from Tiara Brand, because it can be done on the same website. In addition, business owners can also more easily manage each transaction and can promote their products to customers without regional restrictions. the steps of this research are made in the form of a flowchart and go through stages consisting of; 1) Data collection, 2) Literature study, 3) Design, 4) Program code preparation, and 5) Application testing and using the String Matching Algorithm as an implementation of the application being built. The results of the research are the construction of a website that not only displays the products being sold, but can also be used for transactions and has the potential to develop Tiara Brand selling online.

This community service program aims to design and implement the SPP payment application at SMK Prima Tiara Makassar. The problem arises when the treasurer collects data on students who have paid and who have not paid tuition, this causes a lot of time to be wasted. In addition, the payment record book will become damaged so that the reporting of monthly payments will be late. So that the existence of a payment application helps in the payment process for SPP SMK Prima Tiara Makassar.

Commercial and retail spaces are a place where business or commercial activities are carried out. Space, in the context of commercial and promotional activities, can also be a branding medium for products and services that become commercial commodities. As a branding medium, it is very important that space is designed with the additional objective to strengthen the brand image, in addition to the main objective of optimizing commercial activities in it. Tiara handicraft is one shop that wants to embody interior branding through design and create a unique shopping environment as part of their marketing strategy. This study aims to determine how the interior space design of the Tiara Handicraft shop works as a medium for interior branding. Keywords: Clear Vision, Energy, Interior Branding, Retail, Commercial Space

Web-based information systems technology is one of the media information that is efficient and effective in the dissemination of information that can be accessed by anyone, anytime, and anywhere. Currently, many companies are already making use of web-based information systems technology to help his efforts in promoting his company, to introduce its product, getting consumers more, making transactions faster and provide satisfying service for consumers. PT. Bangun Tiara Teknik is a company engaged in the field of building materials. Sales system that exists today of PT. Bangun Tiara Teknik is still done manually, where starting from the process of supply of goods, the ordering of merchandise, the deals, the creation of shipping documents, to reporting, so it takes a lot of time and in create a document and are still often goes wrong in terms of record keeping and input data by the sales section. The results of the design of this web-based information system is the best solution to solve the problem. Error logging orders can be minimized and reporting can be done appropriately. Therefore, the authors are interested in making the design of information system of sales with web-based at PT Bangun Tiara Teknik. With web-based computerized system allows the addition of a number of consumers to purchase the desired product, consumer satisfaction against the speed and accuracy of orders as well as reporting.

Pijat merupakan salah satu terapi pendukung yang efektif untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan fisik serta memperbaiki gangguan mood. Pengurangan ketidaknyamanan pada ibu menyusui akan membantu lancarnya pengeluaran ASI.11 Dalam melakukan pemijatan termasuk rolling massage bisa memakai minyak aroma terapi, atau pilihan minyak lainnya, bisa juga tanpa memakai minyak. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisa efektivitas Rolling Massage Punggung dan Endhorphin massage terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu nifas di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug Grobogan.Metode Penelitian : jenis Penelitian Quasy Experiment dengan desain two group pre test dan postest. Populasi ibu nifas pada bulan Oktober 2019 di klinik tiara Gubug Grobogan sebanyak 20 responden. Hasil Penelitian Produksi ASI pada ibu nifas sebelum dan sesudah diberikan rolling massage punggung pada kelompok intervensi mempunyai mean 57.49, sesudah 147.84. sebelum diberikan Endhorphin massage mempunyai mean 50.135, sesudah 107.071. Ada Perbedaan rolling massage punggung terhadap produksi ASI dan Endhorphin massage terhadap produksi ASI pada kelompok intervensi di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan p value 0,000 dan Ada perbedaan rolling massage punggung dan Endhorphin massage terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu nifas di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan p value 0,000. Kata Kunci: Rolling Massage Punggung, Endhorphin massage, produksi ASI AbstractMassage is one of the effective supporting therapies to reduce physical discomfort and improve mood disorders. Reducing discomfort in breastfeeding mothers will help the smooth release of breast milk.11 In doing massage including rolling massage can use aromatherapy oils, or other oil choices, can also without using oil. Research Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the Back Rolling Massage and Endhorphin Massage on the production of breast milk for postpartum mothers at Tiara Gubug Grobogan Clinic Research. Methods: Quasy Experiment Research type with two group pre-test and post-test designs. The population of postpartum mothers in Oktober 2019 at the Grobogan Gubug tiara clinic was 20 respondents.The results of the study ASI production in postpartum mothers before and after given back massage in the intervention group had a mean of 57.49, after 147.84. before being given Endhorphin massage has a mean of 50,135, after 107,071. There are differences in back rolling massage for breast milk production and Endhorphin massage for breast milk production in the intervention group in the Grobogan District Tiara Gubug Clinic p value 0,000 and there are differences in back rolling massage and Endhorphin massage for breast milk production in postpartum mothers at Tiara Gubug Pratama Clinic Grobogan Regency p value of 0,000. Keywords: Back Rolling Massage;Endhorphin massage; ASI production

Hasil belajar matematika yang rendah diindikasikan karena siswa kurang aktif dan pembelajaran yang hanya berpusat pada guru. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas model pembelajaran TGT menggunakan media ludo terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa Batam dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar model pembelajaran TGT menggunakan media ludo dan konvensional. Jenis penelitian adalah Quasi Experimental Design. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa Batam tahun ajaran 2019/2020, dengan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan banyak sampel 52 orang. Data yang diambil didapat dari soal tes uraian sebanyak 10 soal. Tes yang sudah valid dan reliabel. Teknik analisa data untuk hipotesis 1 dan 2 menggunakan uji t satu pihak (one sample t-test). Sedangkan hipotesis 3 menggunakan T-test Independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat efektifitas model pembelajaran TGT dengan menggunakan media ludo karena ( thitung 4,101 > tabel 1,729) dan dengan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antarasiswa kelas XI SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran TGT dengan media ludo dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada.( thitung 3,223 > ttabel 1,676). Kata Kunci: TGT, Media ludo, Hasil Belajar.

The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) brought about several challenges for the existing Hardware, Network and Application development. Some of these are handling real-time streaming and batch bigdata, real- time event handling, dynamic cluster resource allocation for computation, Wired and Wireless Network of Things etc. In order to combat these technicalities, many new technologies and strategies are being developed. Tiarrah Computing comes up with integration the concept of Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Edge Computing. The main objectives of Tiarrah Computing are to decouple application deployment and achieve High Performance, Flexible Application Development, High Availability, Ease of Development, Ease of Maintenances etc. Tiarrah Computing focus on using the existing opensource technologies to overcome the challenges that evolve along with IoT. This paper gives you overview of the technologies and design your application as well as elaborate how to overcome most of existing challenge.

The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) brought about several challenges for the existing Hardware, Network and Application development. Some of these are handling real-time streaming and batch bigdata, real- time event handling, dynamic cluster resource allocation for computation, Wired and Wireless Network of Things etc. In order to combat these technicalities, many new technologies and strategies are being developed. Tiarrah Computing comes up with integration the concept of Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Edge Computing. The main objectives of Tiarrah Computing are to decouple application deployment and achieve High Performance, Flexible Application Development, High Availability, Ease of Development, Ease of Maintenances etc. Tiarrah Computing focus on using the existing opensource technologies to overcome the challenges that evolve along with IoT. This paper gives you overview of the technologies and design your application as well as elaborate how to overcome most of existing challenge.

The primary issue in this study is how the level of professionalism of teachers of Islamic education in improving the quality of school at SMK (vocational high school) Bhakti Anindya, SMKN 8, and SMK Tiara Angkasa of Tangerang is. This study aims to find the level of professionalism of teachers of Islamic education of SMK Bhakti Anindya, SMKN 8, and SMK Tiara Angkasa of Tangerang in overcoming barriers to school’s quality. The purpose of this study is to know the importance of Islamic Education Teacher’s Professionalism in improving the quality of learning. This study employs a combination of design/model of sequential exploratory, with its main steps: In the first stage, the study conducts a qualitative method to determine the setting of study that has problem. In the second stage, this study employs quantitative methods to test the hypothesis obtained in the first stage. The population of this study is 150 students with a 5% error, so the number of the sample is 105 students. The sampling collection is conducted by using proportional random sampling. The instrument of this study is collected through questionnaires that are arranged according to the Likert scale model. The results reveal that there are positive contributions from the Professionalism of Teacher of Islamic Education to the quality of the school. This is shown by the determination coefficient of 44.89%, which provide simple information that 44.89% of school quality is determined by the Islamic Education Teacher’s Professionalism. Thus it can be concluded that the higher the professionalism of teachers of Islamic education, the higher the quality of schools.

The learning methods is a systemic and organized process carried out by lecturers in delivering material to students. There are plenty learning methods that are used in a study process, one of which is Service Learning. Service Learning is a form of constructive learning method that connects between material and theory obtained in the classroom to apply it into a concrete and useful actions for the surrounding community. Creative and innovative idea is needed in commercial space interior design. This is very appropriate with the purpose of Service Learning, where the highs and lows of learning outcomes can be influenced by internal and external factors. Keywords: Service Learning Methods, Interior Design, Commercial Space

The learning methods is a systemic and organized process carried out by lecturers in delivering material to students. There are plenty learning methods that are used in a study process, one of which is Service Learning. Service Learning is a form of constructive learning method that connects between material and theory obtained in the classroom to apply it into a concrete and useful actions for the surrounding community. Creative and innovative idea is needed in commercial space interior design. This is very appropriate with the purpose of Service Learning, where the highs and lows of learning outcomes can be influenced by internal and external factors. Keywords: Service Learning Methods, Interior Design, Commercial Space

This paper presents a novel all-digital background calibration technique for general Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TIADCs). Calibration of gain and timing mismatch of TIADCs using the estimation technique is designed based on the principle of the Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC). In this ANC, there are two stages in gain, timing mismatch estimation in which a cascade structure of the correction and estimation is proposed to guarantee that our calibration achieves high performance. Besides the first Nyquit zone, the input signal at different Nyquist zones is also experimented. It is shown through the result that our calibration performs excellently on all chosen Nyquist zones. It achieves the SNDR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) improvement of 19dB and 49dB, respectively. Moreover, the synthesized design with hardware co-simulation carried on the Xilinx Kintex-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform consumes only 7.36 % of the hardware resources of the FPGA chip and reduces the mismatch tone level to -87 dB. In addition, our convergence speed of SNDR during calibration is approximately 1/3 others.

ABSTRACT Background: During pregnancy, pregnant women will experience a variety of changes in reproduction that are physiological and sometimes pathological. Sleep difficulties are generally more common in early pregnancy. Then this sleepless complaint will reappear at the end of pregnancy. Persistent sleep disorders will interfere with the physical and psychological pregnant women. Purpose of this study is to know the effect of back massage on sleep quality of trimester III pregnant women Methods: Research type experimental research, design pre experiment designs with one group pretest posttest design. Population in this research is trimester mother III at BPM Tiara Iswantika Wonosari District of Pekalongan Regency of East Lampung year 2018, sample taken counted 29 people with purposive sampling technique. Analysis in this research use paired sample t test.Results of statistical tests showed that the mean maternal sleep quality score on the measurement result using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire before (pretest) the back massage intervention was 6,28±1,461 and after (posttest) the back massage intervention was 5, 03±1,349 with an mean difference of 1,241±0,739. In result of paired sample t test showed back massage proved to have an effect on to sleep quality of pregnant woman trimester III (p-value 0,000 <a0,05). Conclusion: With the results of this study is expected pregnant women can do back massage therapy to reduce tension, relax the body and improve sleep quality.Suggestion Currently there is still no counseling related to back massage, so health workers should be able to provide back massage counseling to pregnant women because back massage has become part of supporting therapy in the health sector to improve health status, especially in improving the quality of sleep for pregnant women. Keywords : Sleep quality, back massage ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pada masa kehamilan, ibu hamil akan mengalami berbagai perubahan pada sistrem reproduksi yang bersifat fisiologis dan terkadang bersifat patologis. Kesulitan tidur umumnya lebih banyak dialami pada awal kehamilan. Kemudian keluhan sulit tidur ini akan kembali muncul pada akhir kehamilan. Gangguan tidur yang terus menerus akan mengganggu fisik dan kejiwaan ibu hamil.Tujuan: diketahuinya pengaruh back massage terhadap kualitas tidur ibu hamil trimester III Metodologi: Jenis penelitian experimental research, desain pre experiment designs dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu trimester III di BPM Tiara Iswantika Wonosari Kec. Pekalongan Kab. Lampung Timur tahun 2018, sampel yang diambil sebanyak 29 orang dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji paired sample t test.Hasil: uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa Rata-rata skor kualitas tidur ibu hamil pada hasil pengukuran menggunakan kuesioner the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sebelum (pretest) intervensi back massage adalah 6,28±1,461 dan setelah (posttest) intervensi back massage adalah 5,03±1,349 dengan selisih rata-rata 1,241±0,739. Pada hasil uji paired sample t test menunjukkan back massage terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidur ibu hamil trimester III (p-value 0,000<a0,05). Kesimpulan: Dengan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan ibu hamil dapat melakukan terapi back massage untuk menurunkan ketegangan, merileksasi tubuh dan meningkatkan kualitas tidur.Saran Saat ini masih belum ada penyuluhan terkait back massage maka hendaknya bagi tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan penyuluhan back massage kepada ibu hamil karena back massage telah menjadi bagian dari terapi penunjang dalam bidang kesehatan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan terutama dalam meningkatkan kualitas tidur ibu hamil. Kata Kunci : Kualitas tidur, back massage

Abstrak Harga diri rendah dapat menimbulkan perilaku tidak sesuai pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan harga diri siswa yang memiliki harga diri rendah di SMK Farmasi Mandala Tiara Bangsa melalui terapi menulis puisi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control group design. Sampel pada penelitian dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling dengan melibatkan 12 siswa yang terbagi dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran pada penelitian ini menggunakan Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory sejumlah 45 butir pernyataan dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0.89. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan Mann Whitney U Test menunjukkan nilai asymp. Sig = 0.010, yang berarti lebih kecil dari nilai signifikansi α = 0,05, sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Terjadi peningkatan harga diri yang signifikan setelah diberikan layanan terapi menulis puisi. Penelitian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang diberikan layanan terapi menulis puisi mengalami peningkatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa yang tidak diberikan layanan terapi menulis puisi. Selanjutnya konselor sekolah dapat mengimplementasikan layanan terapi menulis puisi sebagai layanan konseling mutakhir di sekolah. Kata Kunci : Terapi menulis puisi, harga diri

<em><em>Adolescent marriage (10-19 years old) is a problem for every country, especially for developing countries. Based on the basic health research (Riskesdas), the adolescent marriage in Indonesia is 41.9% and this is the highest number compared with other age category. The number of adolescent marriage in West Java is in the second place after the middle of Kalimantan and the position is above the national number 50.2%. The number of adolescent marriage in Bandung is 23.9%, whereas the government target is only 3.5%. Adolescent marriage has a strong relationship with pregnancy and the high risk childbirth. This research goal was to analyze the usage and the impact of media film the risk of adolescent pregnancy on the modern contraceptive participation and those influencing factors. The research was conducted in the 7 offices of religion affairs (KUA) that spread in Bandung. This research is a quasi experiment research with post-test design and pre-post test design with total samples of 44 consisting of 22 bridal couple and 22 adolescent bridewomen that only registered their marriage in the 7 KUA’s. Adolescents marriage applicant samples were taken by consecutive sampling whereas the sampling for the adolescents that were married was taken by simple random sampling. Univariate analysis used frequency distribution and binomial, while bivariate analysis used chi-square and fisher’s exact, Multivariate analysis used Multiple Regresi Logistic. The research results show that reproductive health education about the adolescent pregnancy through film media could increase twice the participation of adolescent married couples in using modern contraception, by using chi square (p=0.015), RR:2.33 have the increase of reproductive health education. Based on the results, it can be concluded that reproductive health education through film media can increase the participation of adolescent married couples influenced the modern contraceptive participation.</em></em>

The current investigation revolves around online assessment feasibility and its practicability issues during the Coronavirus pandemic. Within this context, this study precisely aims at getting tertiary EFL teachers’ and students’ voices about to what extent online assessment can be ineffective or effective in an e- teaching/learning environment. To this end, a mixed-method design is used encompassing three research instruments, a questionnaire addressed to 50 second-year master didactics students at Ibn Khaldoun university of Tiaret, an interview, conducted with 5 EFL teachers from the same university, and a corpus analysis allowing for a comparative study of face-to-face and online exams’ results. The triangulated analysis of the gleaned data reveals that the majority of the respondents and the interviewees recognize the importance and efficiency of the new mode of assessment. Assuredly, the comparative study displays that online assessment was much better than paper-pen-based exams in results. Keywords: Assessment; digital literacy; e-learning; Online assessment; technological devices.

ObjectiveTreatment options for severe, enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) are limited. Non-invasive neuromodulation is a promising emerging intervention. Our study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in individuals with SE-AN, which aims to inform the design of a future large-scale trial.DesignDouble-blind, parallel group, two-arm, sham-controlled trial.SettingSpecialist eating disorders centre.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling people with anorexia nervosa, an illness duration of ≥3 years and at least one previous completed treatment.InterventionsParticipants received 20 sessions (administered over 4 weeks) of MRI-guided real or sham high-frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in addition to treatment-as-usual.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were recruitment, attendance and retention rates. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood, quality of life and rTMS safety and tolerability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment and follow-up (ie, at 0 month, 1 month and 4 months post-randomisation).ResultsThirty-four participants (17 per group) were randomly allocated to real or sham rTMS. One participant per group was withdrawn prior to the intervention due to safety concerns. Two participants (both receiving sham) did not complete the treatment. rTMS was safe and well tolerated. Between-group effect sizes of change scores (baseline to follow-up) were small for BMI (d=0.2, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.90) and eating disorder symptoms (d=0.1, 95% CI −0.60 to 0.79), medium for quality of life and moderate to large (d=0.61 to 1.0) for mood outcomes, all favouring rTMS over sham.ConclusionsThe treatment protocol is feasible and acceptable to participants. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the therapeutic potential of rTMS in SE-AN. Largest effects were observed on variables assessing mood. This study supports the need for a larger confirmatory trial to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-session rTMS in SE-AN. Future studies should include a longer follow-up period and an assessment of cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberISRCTN14329415; Pre-results.

Purpose This paper aims to clarify how is a project managed and how are its objectives achieved? In this manner, prioritize the points to be treated, the tasks to be performed and the solutions to be applied in a given space of time. From now onward, each stakeholder has its own requirements and expectations. Yet, in the end, you have no choice but to list the priority points. Moreover, note that each company, each service and each team is unique. As well as each individual is equally important. Design/methodology/approach Agile approaches, especially the MoSCoW method, were used. This tool is very practical and very simple to implement to set priorities for the actions to be performed. Selecting a tool that is easy to understand and easy to use has the advantage of helping to build consensus around prioritizing requirements, particularly in health and safety at work or even to establish a culture of safety at the workplace. This positive corporate culture is at the heart of sustainable development and the success of occupational health and safety institutions. Findings Therefore, with 51,500 work accidents recorded in 2016, it seems essential to know how to adapt and give one’s management style to one’s environment. Its the key to success! To reach these objectives, the progress of the manager is to supervise his collaborators. For this, it is necessary to know how to make choices, make decisions, ideally the right ones. It is much less common to list the features that are unwanted to be integrated. Thinking in this manner makes it possible to approach the project from a different perspective; thus, it makes it possible to obtain a much more targeted list of tasks and requirements compared with a more traditional method, i.e., the results of this work. Originality/value Capacity to know how to make choices, make decisions, ideally the right ones, especially in health and safety at work. On the other hand, it is not possible to deal with everything in a project. The manager, with a very simple tool easy to implement, manages to supervise his employees and achieving these goals in the company and obtain a list of tasks and requirements much more targeted compared to a more traditional method.

This study aims to find out "The Development of Learning Materials for Critical Reading Skills Contained with Moral Messages Sourced from the Helvy Tiana Short Story There is for Class X Man 2 Padangsidimpuan Students". This study uses the R D cycle development method of Borg and Gall. The steps used in this study are data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, usage testing, product revision, and bulk results. The research instruments used were non-tests and tests. Research uses material experts to validate teaching materials. Data analysis techniques with descriptive analysis. The results of the development of critical reading skills teaching materials with moral messages derived from Helvy short stories There is no Rosa for students of class X Man 2 on the list included in the "Good" category. The results of the validation of the development of literature appreciation teaching materials in the material aspects of teaching materials amounting to 3, as a whole can be categorized as "Good". Based on the results of the critical reading assignment, the moral message originating from Helvy Tiana Rosa's short story for Students of class X MAN 2 Padangsidimpuan is known to be "very good". Can be seen from the results of the average score of 87 students with a value range of 81-100. Respond students and teachers as a whole about teaching materials critical reading skills charged with the moral message of the work of Helvy Tiana Rosa short stories with an average of 81.43% with a category desperately in need of teaching material. Keywords: Development, Teaching Materials, critical reading.

The study aims to analyze the level of students’ attendance and interaction as well the availability of internet access during online learning in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. The case study is conducted at the English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training State Islamic University of Mataram. This research is a part of quantitative research design with surveys. The researcher developed a set of questionnaire in Google Form and shared it to the students via WhatsApp group. 215 students participated in this study. It was found that most of the students attended the class throughout the meetings, but it could not be concluded that they participated during the class from the beginning till the end of the meeting. The causes were by the lack of internet access, instability of signal as well as the availability of the devices. The phenomenon showed that students exist in the class but do not exist. A successful learning occurs when interaction and communication run smoothly among students and teachers.

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the economic plants in Indonesia that is threatened rare, because over exploitation and is not cultivated intensively yet by local people in province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Therefore need some obviously activities in conservation. One of those activities is producing sandalwood seedlings for cultivation. Sandalwood seeds were collected from mother seed trees. In recent years was found two mother seed trees that grew in 2 locations in Belu District of NTT province were; Tialai location, subdistrict of Tasifeto Timur and Alas locatian, subdistrict of Kobalima. Sandalwood seeds from two mother seed trees was mentioned have been germinated to produced seedling. One of some activities in maintenance of seedling is fertilizing. In 2006 at Kebun Benih Kian Rai Ikun, Belu have been carried out the study of foliar fertilizing on sandalwood seedling from two mother seed trees was mentioned above Three levels dose of Bayfolan had been sprayed every 2 weeks during 10 weeks. The study used Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The results of this study as follow. The growth of sandalwood seedling was influenced by mother seed trees whereas foliar fertilizing with Bayfolan was not give significant effect on growth of sandalwood seedling. Seedling growth from both mother seed trees follow the logistic growth model with determination coefficient (R2) 0.90.

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi bahwa pengembangan bahan ajar masih belum sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh pendidik. Hal tersebut terhalangnya waktu dan kondisi dari pendidik, dalam hal ini pendidik masih menggunakan bahan ajar sebelumnya. Maka dengan demikian hal yang dilakukan adalah mengembangkan bahan ajar teks cerpen dalam nilai sosial dan unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen pendek berupa bahan ajar modul. Diharapkan bagi peserta didik dapat belajar secara mandiri namun tetap terkontrol oleh pendidik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode metode pengembangan (Research and Development atau R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahap penelitian dan pengembangan. Tahap tersebut yaitu sebagai berikut: 1) Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implemetation (Implementasi), dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Penggunaan model ADDIE dimaksudkan untuk menyederhanakan penelitian namun akan mengahsilkan penelitian yang efektif dan efisien. Hasil dari penelitian ini peserta didik dapat menambah wawasan dari antologi cerpen dalam modul yang dibuat oleh pendidik, selain efesien waktu karena belajar mandiri. Hasil pengembangan bahan ajar ini pun divalidasi oleh dosen ahli dan guru agar sejauh mana bahan ajar modul dapat digunakan untuk sebagai referensi lain untuk memperoleh hasil pembelajaran secara maksimal.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the pressure behavior in dual porosity reservoirs using different techniques in an attempt to correctly characterize reservoir properties. Pressure transient tests in naturally fractured reservoirs often exhibit non-uniform responses. Design/methodology/approach The pressure transient tests in naturally fractured reservoirs were analyzed using conventional semi-log analysis, type curve matching (using commercial software) and Tiab’s direct synthesis (TDS) technique. In addition, the TDS method was applied in case of a naturally fractured formation with a vertical hydraulic fracture. These techniques were applied to a single-layer, naturally fractured reservoir under pseudosteady state matrix flow. By studying the unique characteristics of the different flow regimes appear on the pressure and pressure derivative curves, various reservoir characteristics can be obtained such as permeability, skin factor and fracture properties. Findings For naturally fractured reservoirs, a comparison between the results semi-log analysis, software matching and TDS method is presented. In case of wellbore storage, early time flow regime can be obscured that lead to incomplete semi-log analysis. Furthermore, the type curve matching usually gives a non-uniqueness solution, as it needs all the flow regimes to be observed. However, the direct synthesis method used analytical equation to calculate reservoir and well parameters without type curve matching. For naturally fractured reservoirs with a vertical fracture, the pressure behavior of wells crossed by a uniform flux and infinite conductivity fracture is analyzed using TDS technique. The different flow regimes on the pressure derivative curve were used to calculate the fracture half-length in addition to other reservoir properties. Originality/value The results of different field cases showed that TDS technique offers several advantages compared to semi-log analysis and type curve matching. It can be used even if some flow regimes are not observed. Direct synthesis results are accurate compared to the available core data and the software matching results. It can be used to confirm the software matching results and to give reliable reservoir characteristics when there is lack of data.

Introduction. A human and the world are an organically connected part and whole, they are always a single World, and therefore they can only evolve together, in one direction. The human world consists of many interconnected and interdepend- ent parts. If any one of the parts (for example, technology) begins to dominate and claim the sta- tus of the whole, then the problem of violating the optimal ratio in the coexistence and co-evolutionary development of each of the parts, and hence the whole itself, becomes aggravated. Hence, the eco-humanistic problem arises. The purpose of the work is to present the content and substantiate the theoretical and practical significance of eco-humanism as a new humanitar- ian knowledge and methodology for understanding the specifics of the relationship “man — technical and-technological world”. Methods. The author uses the methods of dia- lectics, systemic and synergetic approaches, the project (projective) method, which is implemented in the design and development of a new philo- sophical and scientific discipline of eco-humanism, and ideas of co-evolution. Scientific novelty of the research. The author determines basic foundations of eco-humanism as a new type of humanitarian knowledge; formulates and meaningfully substan- tiates the main principles of eco-humanism as a methodological setting for the ecologization of a person and the world: optimality, coordination and dominance of the whole (integrity) in relation to its parts. Results. Eco-humanistics is defined as a new type of knowledge about a person and a specific setting of his thinking and practical activities, focused on finding ways and means to achieve op- timality in relation to various aspects (for example, technical and anthropological) in a person’s being to ensure the possibility of their fruitful existence, to preserve and reproduce a person (as a unique integrity) and his world (as a universal integrity), in their interconnected and interdependent unity. Conclusions. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the theoretical development of eco-humanistics will make it possible to study and analyze the phenomena of modern culture in a more multifaceted way, to get a more accurate interpretation of the ways of human existence and eco-cultural practices that provide the effect of the state of the “ecosystem” in situations of any intense socio-cultural transformations.

Introduction. A human and the world are an organically connected part and whole, they are always a single World, and therefore they can only evolve together, in one direction. The human world consists of many interconnected and interdepend- ent parts. If any one of the parts (for example, technology) begins to dominate and claim the sta- tus of the whole, then the problem of violating the optimal ratio in the coexistence and co-evolutionary development of each of the parts, and hence the whole itself, becomes aggravated. Hence, the eco-humanistic problem arises. The purpose of the work is to present the content and substantiate the theoretical and practical significance of eco-humanism as a new humanitar- ian knowledge and methodology for understanding the specifics of the relationship “man — technical and-technological world”. Methods. The author uses the methods of dia- lectics, systemic and synergetic approaches, the project (projective) method, which is implemented in the design and development of a new philo- sophical and scientific discipline of eco-humanism, and ideas of co-evolution. Scientific novelty of the research. The author determines basic foundations of eco-humanism as a new type of humanitarian knowledge; formulates and meaningfully substan- tiates the main principles of eco-humanism as a methodological setting for the ecologization of a person and the world: optimality, coordination and dominance of the whole (integrity) in relation to its parts. Results. Eco-humanistics is defined as a new type of knowledge about a person and a specific setting of his thinking and practical activities, focused on finding ways and means to achieve op- timality in relation to various aspects (for example, technical and anthropological) in a person’s being to ensure the possibility of their fruitful existence, to preserve and reproduce a person (as a unique integrity) and his world (as a universal integrity), in their interconnected and interdependent unity. Conclusions. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the theoretical development of eco-humanistics will make it possible to study and analyze the phenomena of modern culture in a more multifaceted way, to get a more accurate interpretation of the ways of human existence and eco-cultural practices that provide the effect of the state of the “ecosystem” in situations of any intense socio-cultural transformations.

Introduction. A human and the world are an organically connected part and whole, they are always a single World, and therefore they can only evolve together, in one direction. The human world consists of many interconnected and interdepend- ent parts. If any one of the parts (for example, technology) begins to dominate and claim the sta- tus of the whole, then the problem of violating the optimal ratio in the coexistence and co-evolutionary development of each of the parts, and hence the whole itself, becomes aggravated. Hence, the eco-humanistic problem arises. The purpose of the work is to present the content and substantiate the theoretical and practical significance of eco-humanism as a new humanitar- ian knowledge and methodology for understanding the specifics of the relationship “man — technical and-technological world”. Methods. The author uses the methods of dia- lectics, systemic and synergetic approaches, the project (projective) method, which is implemented in the design and development of a new philo- sophical and scientific discipline of eco-humanism, and ideas of co-evolution. Scientific novelty of the research. The author determines basic foundations of eco-humanism as a new type of humanitarian knowledge; formulates and meaningfully substan- tiates the main principles of eco-humanism as a methodological setting for the ecologization of a person and the world: optimality, coordination and dominance of the whole (integrity) in relation to its parts. Results. Eco-humanistics is defined as a new type of knowledge about a person and a specific setting of his thinking and practical activities, focused on finding ways and means to achieve op- timality in relation to various aspects (for example, technical and anthropological) in a person’s being to ensure the possibility of their fruitful existence, to preserve and reproduce a person (as a unique integrity) and his world (as a universal integrity), in their interconnected and interdependent unity. Conclusions. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the theoretical development of eco-humanistics will make it possible to study and analyze the phenomena of modern culture in a more multifaceted way, to get a more accurate interpretation of the ways of human existence and eco-cultural practices that provide the effect of the state of the “ecosystem” in situations of any intense socio-cultural transformations.

The popular historical narrative of the batik Sidoarjo needs to be reexamined based on historical methodology so that there is no historical bias based only on oral stories of the general public. Many studies are trapped in an inaccurate understanding of local historicity. As a result, these various studies have failed to fit batik Sidoarjo into its full context, instead it has become a kind of narrative standardization on its characteristics and history. This study aims to criticize the historical construction that has been popular in relation to the basic understanding of batik Sidoarjo and to explain the position of batik Sidoarjo in the cultural framework of its people. This article is the author's attempt to provide an analysis or explanation that is different from the historical narrative of batik Sidoarjo which is commonly used in various discussions. This research is classified as a qualitative research, using the historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research uses historical and sociological approaches to collect, select, and critically examine historical sources of Sidoarjo batik, resulting in historical facts. The results showed that the historicity of batik Sidoarjo refers to the batik activities in the areas of Kedungcangkring, Jetis, Sekardangan, Gajah Mada St. (Peranakans), and Tulangan, all of which have a direct relationship with both Peranakans nor indigenous. Batik Sidoarjo is not framed by traditional rituals, nor is it under the control and domination of the royal aristocracy. Its growth is based on the factor of the economic needs of the supporting community, which tends to be a trading commodity. The presence of other groups of people or nations such as Peranakan Chinese, Indo-European, Dutch, Arabic contributed to the birth of Sidoarjo batik. Keywords: batik, Sidoarjo, historical criticism.AbstrakNarasi sejarah batik Sidoarjo yang populer perlu dikaji ulang dengan didasari metodologi sejarah sehingga tidak terjadi bias sejarah yang hanya berdasar pada cerita lisan masyarakat umum. Banyak penelitian yang terjebak dalam pemahaman historisitas setempat yang kurang tepat. Akibatnya, berbagai kajian tersebut tidak berhasil mendudukkan batik Sidoarjo sesuai dengan konteksnya secara utuh, malah menjadi semacam standardisasi narasi pada karakteristik maupun sejarahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkritisi konstruksi sejarah yang telah populer terkait pemahaman dasar tentang batik Sidoarjo serta menjelaskan kedudukan batik Sidoarjo dalam kerangka budaya masyarakatnya. Artikel ini merupakan upaya penulis untuk memberikan analisis atau paparan yang berbeda dari narasi sejarah batik Sidoarjo yang umum dilakukan pada berbagai pembahasan. Penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historis dan sosiologis untuk mengumpulkan, menyeleksi, dan menguji secara kritis sumber-sumber sejarah batik Sidoarjo, sehingga menghasilkan fakta sejarah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa historisitas batik Sidoarjo merujuk pada aktivitas pembatikan yang ada di wilayah Kedungcangkring, Jetis, Sekardangan, Jl. Gajah Mada (China Peranakan), dan Tulangan yang kesemuanya saling terkait memiliki hubungan langsung baik itu pembatikan China peranakan maupun pribumi. Batik Sidoarjo tidak dikerangkai oleh ritual adat, juga tidak di bawah kendali dan dominasi aristokrasi kraton. Pertumbuhannya didasari faktor kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat pendukungnya, sifatnya cenderung merupakan komoditas dagang. Hadirnya golongan masyarakat atau bangsa lain seperti China Peranakan, Indo-Eropa, Belanda, Arab turut berpengaruh melahirkan batik Sidoarjo.Kata Kunci: batik, Sidoarjo, kritik sejarah. Author:Asy Syams Elya Ahmad : Universitas Negeri Surabaya References:Abbas, Irwan. (2014). Memahami Metodologi Sejarah antara Teori dan Praktek. ETNOHISTORI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan dan Kesejerahan, 1(1), 33–41.Abdurrahman, Dudung. (1999). Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Logos.Ahmad, Asy Syams Elya. (2013). Kajian Estetik Batik Sidoarjo. Tesis. Tidak Diterbitkan. Bandung: Program Studi Magister Desain, Institut Teknologi Bandung.Anas, Biranul, Hasanuddin, Ratna Panggabean, Yanyan Sunarya. (1997). Indonesia Indah-Buku ke 8; “Batik”. Jakarta: Yayasan Harapan Kita/BP 3 TMII.Anshori, Yusak & Kusrianto, Adi. (2011). Keeksotisan Batik Jawa Timur. 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Child Distance Learning (CDL) during the pandemic has led to an optimal development of children and effective teaching and learning processes in kindergartens. To overcome this, teachers need to apply a teaching approach in accordance with the principles of kindergarten education. In addition, teachers' self-efficacy of their ability to teach is also important for developing children's skills. This study aims to describe the teaching approach and the efficacy of kindergarten teachers during the CDL process and to identify the relationship between the two. The research method used is quantitative through document analysis as a source of data findings. A total of 116 Public Kindergarten (PK) teachers in DKI Jakarta participated in filling out the Classroom Management Scale and Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale online. All data were processed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Furthermore, there is a document analysis carried out on the Daily / Weekly Learning Program Design in PK Jakarta. The findings identified that the teaching approach of kindergarten teachers during CDL included only two principles of kindergarten education, namely thematic teaching and developing life skills. Furthermore, PK teachers in the Jakarta area showed low self-efficacy during CDL. The teaching approach and self-efficacy were caused by teachers' unpreparedness in facing challenges during CDL. In addition, other findings indicate that there is a relationship between teaching approaches and teacher self-efficacy. Another CDL model Interventions to increase teacher self-efficacy and the extent to which the relationship between the two variables can be studied further in future studies. Keywords: Early Childhood, Distance Learning, Teaching Approach, Teacher Self-Efficacy References: Agustin, M., & Wahyudin, U. (2011). Penilaian perkembangan anak usia dini. Refika Aditama. Agustin, M., Puspita, R. D., Nurinten, D., & Nafiqoh, H. (2020). Tipikal Kendala Guru PAUD dalam Mengajar pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 dan Implikasinya. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 334. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.598 Ayu, N. (2015). Pengelolaan Kurikulum 2013 Di Tk Negeri Pembina Semarang. Program Sarjana Universitas Negeri Semarang. Bullock, A., Coplan, R. J., & Bosacki, S. (2015). Exploring links between early childhood educators’ psychological characteristics and classroom management self-efficacy beliefs. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 47(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038547 Cheung, S. K., Fong, R. W. tsz, Leung, S. K. Y., & Ling, E. K. wei. (2019). The Roles of Hong Kong Preservice Early Childhood Teachers’ Creativity and Zest in Their Self-efficacy in Creating Child-centered Learning Environments. Early Education and Development, 30(6), 788–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2019.1586224 Choi, J., Lee, J., & Kim, B. 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This study aims to find empirical information about the effect of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE) on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning (TROL). This study uses a quantitative survey method with path analysis techniques. This study measures the readiness of kindergarten teachers in distance learning in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia with a sampling technique using simple random sampling involving 105 teachers. Empirical findings reveal that; 1) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 2) there is a direct positive effect of PACK on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 3) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on TPACK. 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Research Objective: Translating evidence into practice and communities is a complex process that often takes years. The shifting healthcare landscape from volume- to value-based demands learning health systems shift to more rapid uptake of evidence. The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science seeks to inform how evidence-based interventions can be successfully adopted, implemented and maintained in health care delivery and community settings. A significant challenge in implementing evidence into practice is finding researchers and the health workforce trained and equipped with the skills to do so in real world settings. This challenge is compounded by the fact that there are limited and highly competitive opportunities for training in D&I. Thus, a curriculum and certificate program, Training in Implementation: Actionable Research Approaches (TIARA) was developed and implemented to provide researchers and providers with skills in D&I. Study Design: Two projects are being implemented regionally across multiple hospitals. Prior to the projects' implementation, TIARA was launched. TIARA consists of four components: 1) completing four training module sessions by a national leader; 2) a pre- and post-knowledge assessment, 3) participation at four community forums on healthcare topics, and 4) compiling a Project Summary assignment. Population Studied: Study participants came from 14 regional hospitals, 4 healthcare payer organizations, 2 state hospital associations, 4 state and local public health departments, and 9 community based organizations, and 3 regional academic institutions. Over 120 individuals participated in the four TIARA training modules. Principal Findings: In late 2019, 16 individuals completed the requirements for, and received, TIARA Certificates. Over 60 percent of participants said their level of D&I expertise increased after taking part in the training. Across all eight competencies in implementation science, participants increased an average of 4 points on a 1-10 point Likert scale. Evaluations of TIARA demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with the program, relevance, and helpfulness of the program for their profession (average of 4.2 on a 1-5 Likert scale). Participants also showed high levels of satisfaction with the content of each of the sessions and frequency of communication (average of 4.6 on 1-5 Likert scale). The TIARA Certificate program contributed to 6 grant submissions, 4 real-world implementation projects, and 4 publications and/or presentations. Conclusions: There is a significant unmet need to expand skills, through both theoretical and practical training, to multiple organizations to reach a broader workforce of researchers, providers, and administrators. TIARA is one promising program to train, support, and encourage these stakeholders.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bermain peran terhadap kemampuan sosial anak. Penelian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimen) menggunakan rancangan Nonequivalend Control Grup Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara terdapat tujuh Tk keseluruhannya berjumlah 586 anak. Sampel ditentukan secara random. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B1 TK Pradnyandari III Kecamatan Kuta Utara berjumlah 24 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan anak kelompok B3 TK Tiara Kasih Kecamatan Kuta Utara berjumlah 21 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial dengan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh thitung = 3,49 sedangkan pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan dk = 43 diperoleh ttabel = 2,021 sehingga thitung 3,49 ˃ ttabel 2,021, maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan sosial antara kelompok anak yang dibelajarkan melalui metode bermain peran dengan kelompok anak yang tidak dibelajarkan melalui metode bermain peran. Adapun nilai rata-rata kemampuan sosial anak yang diperoleh antara kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (83,38 > 77,07). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode bermain peran berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan sosial anak kelompok B di PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Kata Kunci : kemampuan Sosial, Metode Bermain Peran, Anak Usia Dini *This study aims to determine the effect of role playing methods on the social ability of children. This research is a quantitative research with a kind of quasi experiment (Quasi Eksperiment) using the Nonequivalend Control Group Design design. The population of this research is all children of group B PAUD Anggrek Cluster of North Kuta subdistrict there are seven Tk totaling 586 children. The sample is determined randomly. The sample in this research is the children of group B1 TK Pradnyandari III North Kuta District amounted to 24 children as experimental group and children group B3 TK Tiara Kasih, North Kuta subdistrict, there are 21 children as control group. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical and inferential statistical analysis with t-test. Based on the result of data analysis obtained t calculated = 3,49 while at 5% significant level with dk = 43 obtained ttable = 2.021 so thitung 3,49 ˃ ttable 2.021, then there are significant differences in social difference of social ability between groups of children who learned through role playing method with groups of children through role playing methods. The mean value of social ability of children obtained between the experimental group is higher than the control group (83,38 > 77,07). So it can be concluded that the role playing method influences the social ability of group B children in PAUD Anggrek Graves North Kuta District Academic Year 2017/2018.keyword : Social ability, Role Playing Method, Early Childhood

This paper presents a fully digital background calibration technique of the gain and timing mismatches in undersampling Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters for the wideband bandlimited input signal at any Nyquist bands. The proposed technique does not require an additional reference channel nor a pilot input. The channel mismatch parameters are estimated based on the mismatch frequency band. The experimental results shows the efficiency of the proposed mitigation technique with the SNDR improvement of 16dB for 4-channel 60dB SNR TIADC clocked at 2.7GHz given a multi-tone input occupied at the third Nyquist band. The hardware architecture of the proposed technique is designed and validated on Altera FPGA DE4 board. The synthesized design utilizes a very little amount of the hardware resource in the FPGA chip and works correctly on a Hardware-In-the-Loop emulation framework.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bercerita terhadap kemampuan menyimak pada anak kelompok B di PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment) menggunakan rancangan nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh anak kelompok B di PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara yang berjumlah 552 orang. Sampel ditentukan secara random. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B2 TK Pradnyandari III Kecamatan Kuta Utara berjumlah 26 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan anak kelompok B4 TK Tiara Kasih Kecamatan Kuta Utara berjumlah 25 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode non tes (observasi). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis uji-t. Hasil analisis diperoleh thitung = 4,52 sedangkan pada taraf signifikansi 5% dengan dk = 49 diperoleh nilai ttabel = 2,02 sehingga thitung = 4,52 > ttabel = 2,02. Maka diperoleh nilai thitung 4,52 > ttabel 2,02. Berdasarkan kriteria pengujian, maka H0 ditolak. Maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan menyimak antara kelompok anak yang dibelajarkan melalui metode bercerita dengan kelompok anak yang tidak dibelajarkan melalui metode bercerita. Adapun nilai rata-rata kemampuan menyimak anak yang diperoleh antara kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (82,35 > 73,12). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode bercerita berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak kelompok B di PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Kata Kunci : anak usia dini, metode bercerita, kemampuan menyimak This study aims to determine the effect of the method of telling the ability to listen to children group B in PAUD Gugus Anggrek Kecamatan Kuta Utara Lesson Year 2017/2018. This research is a quasi experimental research using nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study all the children of group B in PAUD Anggrek District North Kuta, which amounted to 552 people. The sample is determined randomly. The sample in this research is the children of group B2 TK Pradnyandari III North Kuta District amounted to 26 children as experimental group and children group B4 TK Tiara Kasih Kecamatan Kuta Utara amounted to 25 children as control group. Data collection was done by non test method (observation). The data obtained were analyzed using t-test analysis. The results obtained t calculation = 4.52 while at the level of significance of 5% with dk = 49 obtained ttable value = 2.02 so thitung = 4.52> ttabel = 2.02. Then obtained value t count> ttabel. Based on the test criteria, then H0 is rejected. Then there is a significant difference in listening ability between groups of children who are taught through the method of telling stories with groups of children who are not learned through the method of telling. The mean value of children's listening ability obtained between the experimental group was higher than the control group (82.35> 73.12). Then it can be concluded that the storytelling method influences the ability of listening to the group B children in PAUD Anggrek Orchid North Kuta District Academic Year 2017/2018.keyword : early childhood, story telling method, listening ability

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) has a high incidence in the western world, and mortality is high for untreated severe MR. Catheter based repair was introduced with MitraClip in 2003, and some additional devices later came into the market. To expand the transcatheter treatment options for mitral valve disease, the first transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) was performed by Søndergaard et al. 2012, only 10 years after the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), however, the development has been much slower for the TMVI than for TAVI. From 2012, studies were started for several devices to prove feasibility and safety. However, there were big challenges in valve design; delivery systems and anchoring in addition to anatomical issues (avoid LVOT obstruction and paravalvular leak, big size of annulus). The main valves in studies were CardiaQ (later bought by Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, United States), Tiara (Neovasc Inc., Richmond, Canada), Twelve (later Intrepid, Medtronic, MN, United States) and Tendyne™ (Abbott, MN, United States). I will focus on the Tendyne™ valve that is the only CE approved transcatheter mitral valve implant. It is available in a large number of sizes and is repositionable and retrievable. The results for the 100 first patients included in the early feasibility study (EFS) at 1 and 2 years are promising. Initially feasible for MR, but further investigations show promising results also for implant in mitral annular calcification.

Abstract Background Impetigo is a common and contagious bacterial skin infection, affecting children worldwide, but it is particularly prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. In New Zealand, widespread prescribing of the topical antibiotic fusidic acid had led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Alternative treatments are urgently being sought, and as impetigo is a superficial infection, it has been suggested that topical antiseptics such as hydrogen peroxide or simple wound care alone may treat impetigo while avoiding the risk of increased antimicrobial resistance. Methods This protocol for a non-inferiority, single-blind randomised controlled trial compares topical fusidic acid with topical hydrogen peroxide and with simple wound care in the treatment of childhood impetigo. Participants are randomised to one of the three treatments for 5 days. The primary outcome is clinical improvement assessed through paired photographs analysed by graders blinded to treatment arm. The trial is based in school health clinics in an urban centre in New Zealand. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns pre- and post-treatment is also performed. Discussion Special note is made of the need to involve the communities most affected by impetigo in the design and implementation of the clinical trial to recruit the children most in need of safe and effective treatments. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) 12616000356460. Registered on March 10, 2016 Protocol amendment number: 05 EB and AL contributed equally as senior authors.

Background: Playing or studying in a pleasant atmosphere is an important factor in education. Through edutainment, pregnant women can facilitate understanding and be able to influence and motivate people's behavior. Learning with the Edutainment method should be able to provide positive benefits to pregnant women so that they can make learning right on target not only cognitive but also affective. Health promotion using a learning method called Edutainment which is expected to provide new solutions in the process of providing education to pregnant women. Subjects and Method: This was an experimental study using pretest and posttest control group design with a randomize controlled trial (RCT). In this design, two groups were randomly selected so that an experimental group was formed with a sample size of 100 pregnant women who were treated with the edutainment method on pregnancy care and a control group with a sample size of 100 pregnant women who were treated with the conventional method. The dependent variable was the knowledge, attitude, and action. The independent variable was Edutainment. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using different test analysis on STATA 13. Results: Knowledge about self-care before pregnant women after receiving edutainment (Mean = 40.54; SD = 2.18) was better than not getting edutainment (Mean= 39.32; SD= 2.26), and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Because there are differences before the intervention (baseline), to determine the effect of edutainment on knowledge, it is necessary to compare the difference in knowledge scores between before and after edutainment in the edutainment group compared with the control group. Attitudes about self-care among pregnant women after receiving edutainment (Mean = 44.15; SD = 1.40) were better than those without edutainment (Mean= 42.28; SD= 2.87), and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Self-care measures for pregnant women after receiving edutainment (Mean= 45.53; SD= 0.74) were better than those without edutainment (Mean= 42.57; SD= 2.58), and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Edutainment is effective to increase the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (behavior, actions) of pregnant women about self-care for pregnancy. Keywords: edutainment, pregnancy care, health education Correspondence: Shalsabilla Tiara Firdausia.Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: shalsabillatiarafitdausia@gmail.com. Mobile: 08222363559.

This paper presents a method for all-digital background calibration of multiple channel mismatches including offset, gain and timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). The average technique is used to remove offset mismatch at each channel. The gain mismatch is calibrated by calculating the power ratio of the sub-ADC over the reference ADC. The timing skew mismatch is calibrated by using Hadamard transform for error correction and LMS for timing mismatch estimation. The performance improvement of TIADCs employing these techniques is demonstrated through numerical simulations. Besides, achievement results on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. KeywordsTime-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC), channel mismatches, all-digital background calibration References[1] Melamed and S. 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Kalaia, J.-F. Naviner, and P. Loumeau, Mixed-signal clock-skew calibration technique for time-interleaved ADCs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 55(11) (2008) 3676-3687. DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2008.926314.[8] Le Duc, D. M. Nguyen, C. Jabbour, T. Graba, P. Desgreys, and O. Jamin, All-digital calibration of timing skews for TIADCs using the polyphase decomposition, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 63(1) (2015) 99-103.[9] Le Duc, D. M. Nguyen, C. Jabbour, T. Graba, P. Desgreys, and O. Jamin, Hardware implementation of all digital calibration for undersampling TIADCs, in 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2015, pp. 2181-2184.[10] Guo, S. Tian, and Z. Wang, Estimation and correction of gain mismatch and timing error in time-interleaved ADCs based on DFT, Metrology and Measurement Systems 21(3) (2014) 535-544.[11] Qiu, Y.-J. Liu, J. Zhou, G. Zhang, D. Chen, and N. 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Abstract Background The World Health Organization Safe Childbirth Checklist tool was specifically designed for developing countries such as sub-Saharan African countries, to ensure safety and security of the couple mother and newborn around the time of childbirth. However, the implementation of the Safe Childbirth Checklist tool requires a good knowledge of the context setting to face challenges. Our study objectives were (1) to assess the acceptability of the WHO SCC tool and (2) to identify conditions and strategies for a better introduction and use of the WHO SSC tool. Methods This was a pilot multi-country study conducted from January to March 2019 in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire, respectively, in the health regions of central-North and Agnéby-Tiassa-Mé. In each health region, 5 health facilities of different levels within the health system pyramid were selected through a purposive sampling. The study was conducted in 2 phases: 38 healthcare providers and 15 managers were first trained to use the Safe Childbirth Checklist tool; secondly, the trained providers were allowed to use the tool in real-life conditions for 2 weeks. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted among healthcare providers and managers. The topics covered by the interview guides were acceptability of the tool, barriers and facilitators to its use, as well as strategies for better introduction and use within the healthcare system. Analysis was carried out using the Nvivo 12 software. Results Respondents reported an overall good acceptance of using the tool. However, they suggested minor content adaptation. The design of the tool and increased workload were the main barriers to its use. Potential facilitators to its introduction were managers’ commitment, healthcare providers’ motivation, and the availability of supplies. The best strategies for optimal use were its attachment to existing tool such as partograph or/and its display in the maternity ward. Conclusions The findings showed that the implementation of the Safe Childbirth Checklist tool is acceptable in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire. These findings are important and will help to design a trial aiming at assessing the effectiveness of the tool WHO SCC tool in these two countries.

Aims: In this study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata were investigated. Study design: The study contains determination of the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. caryophyllata and the in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of this oil. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the laboratory of research on local animal products of Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: The essential oil composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometrical analyses. The antibacterial activity of this oil was tested against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 by using disc diffusion method and agar incorporation method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tested oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results: Our results have shown a greater antibacterial effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil against all the bacterial tested strains with inhibition zone diameters varied from 17.5 to 20.5 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.8 μl / ml and 4.4 μl / ml, B. cereus and S. aureus are the most sensitive species with a MIC value of 0.8 μl / ml, however P. aeruginosa is the most resistant species with a MIC value of 4.4 μl / ml. The result of the antioxidant effect showed that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata is a powerful antioxidant that expresses a higher antioxidant activity than the standard antioxidants: gallic acid, vitamin C and BHT. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata has a strong antibacterial and antioxidant effect and it may be an alternative natural source medicine to prevent and treat many diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress.

Nearly all commercial hydraulic fracture design models are based on the assumption that a single fracture is initiated and propagated identically and symmetrically about the wellbore, i.e., the fracture growth and proppant transport occurs symmetrically with respect to the well. However, asymmetrical fractures have been observed in hundreds of hydraulic fracturing treatments and reported to be a more realistic outcome of hydraulic fracturing. The asymmetry ratio (length of short fracture wing divided by length of long wing) influenced the production rate adversely. In the worst case, the production rate could be reduced to that of an unfractured well. Several authors observed asymmetrically propagated hydraulic fractures in which one wing could be ten times longer than the other. Most pressure transient analysis techniques of hydraulically fractured wells assume the fracture is symmetric about the well axis for the sake of simplicity in developing mathematical solution. This study extends the work by Rodriguez to evaluate fracture asymmetry of finite-conductivity fracture wells producing at a constant-rate. The analysis presented by Rodriguez only involves the slopes of the straight lines that characterize the bilinear, linear and radial flow from the conventional Cartesian and semilog plots of pressure drop versus time. This study also uses the Tiab’s direct synthesis (TDS) technique to analyze the linear and bilinear flow regimes in order to find the asymmetry factor of the fractured well. With the fracture conductivity estimated from the bilinear flow region, dimensionless fracture conductivity and the asymmetry ratio are calculated. A technique for estimating the fracture asymmetry ratio from a graph is presented. An equation relating the asymmetry ratio and dimensionless fracture conductivity is also presented. This equation assumes that the linear and/or bilinear flow regime is observed. However, using the TDS technique, the asymmetry ratio can be estimated even in the absence of bilinear or linear flow period. It is concluded that the relative position of the well in the fracture, i.e., the asymmetry condition, is an important consideration for the fracture characterization. A log-log plot of pressure derivative can be used to estimate the fracture asymmetry in a well intersected with a finite-conductivity asymmetric fracture. The analysis using pressure derivative plot does not necessarily require the radial flow period data to calculate the asymmetric factor.

Introduction The sensational appearance of kawaii fashion in Tokyo’s Harajuku neighborhood—full of freedom, fun, and frills— has captivated hearts and imaginations worldwide. A key motivational concept for this group is “kawaii” which is commonly translated as “cute” and can also be used to describe things that are “beautiful”, “funny”, “pretty”, “wonderful”, “great”, “interesting”, and “kind” (Yamane 228; Yomota 73; Dale 320). Representations in media such as the styling of Harajuku street model and J-pop star Kyary Pamyu Pamyu, directed by Sebastian Masuda, have helped bring this fashion to a wider audience. Of this vibrant community, decora fashion is perhaps best known with its image well documented in in street-fashion magazines such as Shoichi Aoki’s FRUiTS (1997–2017), Websites such as Tokyo Fashion (2000–present), and in magazines like KERA (1998–2017). In particular, decora fashion captures the “do-it-yourself” approach for which Harajuku is best known for (Yagi 17). In this essay we draw on New Materialism to explore the ways in which decora fashion practitioners form kawaii affective assemblages with the objects they collect and transform into fashion items. We were motivated to pursue this research to build on other qualitative studies that aimed to include the voices of practitioners in accounts of their lifestyles (e.g. Nguyen; Monden; Younker) and respond to claims that kawaii fashion is a form of infantile regression. We—an Australian sociologist and kawaii fashion practitioner, a Japanese decora fashion practitioner and Harajuku street model, and a Japanese former owner of a tearoom in Harajuku—have used an action-led participatory research method to pool our expertise. In this essay we draw on both a New Materialist analysis of our own fashion practices, a 10-year longitudinal study of Harajuku (2012–2022), as well as interviews with twelve decora fashion practitioners in 2020. What Is Decora Fashion? Decora is an abbreviation of “decoration”, which reflects the key aesthetic commitment of the group to adorn their bodies with layers of objects, accessories, and stickers. Decora fashion uses bright clothing from thrift stores, layers of handmade and store-bought accessories, and chunky platform shoes or sneakers. Practitioners enjoy crafting accessories from old toys, kandi and perler beads, weaving, braiding, crocheting novelty yarn and ribbon, and designing and printing their own textiles. In addition to this act of making, decora practitioners also incorporate purchases from specialty brands like 6%DOKI DOKI, Nile Perch, ACDC Rag, YOSUKE USA, and minacute. According to our interviewees, whom we consulted in 2020, excess is key; as Momo told us: “if it’s too plain, it’s not decora”. Decora uses clashing, vibrant, electric colours, and a wild variety of kawaii versions of monsters, characters, and food which appear as motifs on their clothing (Groom 193; Yagi 17). Clashing textures and items—such as a sweat jackets, gauzy tutus, and plastic toy tiaras—are also a key concept (Koga 81). Colour is extended to practitioners’ hair through colourful hair dyes, and the application of stickers, bandaids, and jewels across their cheeks and nose (Rose, Kurebayashi and Saionji). These principles are illustrated in fig. 1, a street snap from 2015 of our co-author, Kurebayashi. Working with the contrasting primary colours across her hair, clothes, and accessories, she incorporates both her own handmade garments and found accessories to form a balanced outfit. Her Lisa Frank cat purse, made from a psychedelic vibrant pink faux fur, acts as a salient point to draw in our eyes to a cacophony of colour throughout her ensemble. The purse is a prized item from her own collection that was a rare find on Mercari, an online Japanese auction Website, 15 years ago. Her sweater dress is handmade, with a textile print she designed herself. The stickers on the print feature smiley faces, rainbows, ducks, and candy—all cheap and cheerful offerings from a discount store. Through intense layering and repetition, Kurebayashi has created a collage that is reminiscent of the clips and bracelets that decorate her hair and wrists. This collage also represents the colour, fun, and whimsy that she immerses herself in everyday. Her platform shoes are by Buffalo London, another rare find for her collection. Her hair braids are handmade by Midoroya, an online artist, which she incorporates to create variety in the textures in her outfit from head to toe. Peeking beneath her sweater is a short colourful tutu that floats and bounces with each step. Together the items converge and sing, visually loud and popping against the urban landscape. Fig. 1: Kurebayashi’s street snap in an decora fashion outfit of her own styling and making, 2015. Given the street-level nature of decora fashion, stories of its origins draw on oral histories of practitioners, alongside writings from designers and stores that cater to this group (Ash). Its emergence was relatively organic in the early 1990s, with groups enjoying mixing and combining found objects and mis-matching clothing items. Initially, decorative styles documented in street photography used a dark colour palette with layers of handmade accessories, clips, and decorations, and a Visual-kei influence. Designers such as Sebastian Masuda, who entered the scene in 1995, also played a key role by introducing accessories and clothes inspired by vintage American toys, Showa era (1926-1989) packaging, and American West Club dance culture (Sekikawa and Kumagi 22–23). Pop idols such as Tomoe Shinohara and Kyary Pamyu Pamyu are also key figures that have contributed to the pop aesthetic of decora. While decora was already practiced prior to the release of Shinohara’s 1995 single Chaimu, her styling resonated with practitioners and motivated them to pursue a more “pop” aesthetic with an emphasis on bright colours, round shapes, and handmade colourful accessories. Shinohara herself encouraged fans to take on a rebelliously playful outlook and presentation of self (Nakao 15–16; Kondō). This history resonates with more recent pop idol Kyary Pamyu Pamyu’s costuming and set design, which was directed by Sebastian Masuda. Kyary’s kawaii fashion preceded her career, as she regularly participated in the Harajuku scene and agreed to street snaps. While the costuming and set design for her music videos, such as Pon Pon Pon, resonate with the Harajuku aesthetic, her playful persona diverges. Her performance uses humour, absurdity, and imperfection to convey cuteness and provide entertainment (Iseri 158), but practitioners in Harajuku do not try to replicate this performance; Shinohara and Kyary’s stage persona promotes ‘immaturity’ and ‘imperfection’ as part of their youthful teenage rebellion (Iseri 159), while kawaii fashion practitioners prefer not to be seen in this light. When considering the toys, stickers, and accessories incorporated into decora fashion, and the performances of Shinohara and Kyary, it is understandable that some outsiders may interpret the fashion as a desire to return to childhood. Some studies of kawaii fashion more broadly have interpreted the wearing of clothing like this as a resistance to adulthood and infantile regression (e.g., Kinsella 221–222; Winge; Lunning). These studies suggest that practitioners desire to remain immature in order to “undermin[e] current ideologies of gender and power” (Hasegawa 140). In particular, Kinsella in her 1995 chapter “in Japan” asserts that fashion like this is an attempt to act “vulnerable in order to emphasize … immaturity and inability to carry out social responsibilities” (241), and suggests that this regression is “self-mutilation [which denies] the existence of a wealth of insights, feelings and humour that maturity brings with it” (235). This view has spread widely in writing about kawaii fashion, and Steele, Mears, Kawamura, and Narumi observe for instance that “prolonging childhood is compelling” as an attractive component of Harajuku culture (48). While we recognise that this literature uses the concept of “childishness” to acknowledge the rebellious nature of Harajuku fashion, our participants would like to discourage this interpretation of their practice. In particular, participants highlighted their commitment to studies, paying bills, caring for family members, and other markers they felt indicated maturity and responsibility. They also found this belief that they wanted to deny themselves adult “insights, feelings and humour” deeply offensive as it disregards their lived experience and practice. From a Sociological perspective, this infantilising interpretation is concerning as it reproduces Orientalist framings of Japanese women who enjoy kawaii culture as dependent and submissive, rather than savvy consumers (Bow 66–73; Kalnay 95). Furthermore, this commentary on youth cultures globally, which points to an infantilisation of adulthood (Hayward 230), has also been interrogated by scholars as an oversimplistic reading that doesn’t recognise the rich experiences of adults who engage in these spaces while meeting milestones and responsibilities (Woodman and Wyn; Hodkinson and Bennett; Bennett). Through our lived experience and work with the decora fashion community, we offer in this essay an alternative account of what kawaii means to these practitioners. We believe that agency, energy, and vibrancy is central to the practice of decora fashion. Rather than intending to be immature, practitioners are looking for vibrant ways to exist. A New Materialist lens offers a framework with which we can consider this experience. For example, our informant Momota, in rejecting the view that her fashion was about returning to childhood, explained that decora fashion was “rejuvenating” because it gave them “energy and power”. Elizabeth Groscz in her essay on freedom in New Materialism encourages us to consider new ways of living, not as an expression of “freedom from” social norms, but rather “freedom to” new ways of being, as expression of their “capacity for action” (140). In other words, rather than seeking freedom from adult responsibilities and regressing into a state where one is unable to care for oneself, decora fashion is a celebration of what practitioners are “capable of doing” (Groscz 140–141) by finding pleasure in collecting and making. Through encounters with kawaii objects, and the act of creating through these materials, decora fashion practitioners’ agential capacities are increased through experiences of elation, excitement and pleasure. Colourful Treasures, Fluttering Hearts: The Pleasures of Collecting kawaii Matter Christine Yano describes kawaii as having the potential to “transform the mundane material world into one occupied everywhere by the sensate and the sociable” (“Reach Out”, 23). We believe that this conceptualisation of kawaii has strong links to New Materialist theory. New Materialism highlights the ways in which human subjects are “are unstable and emergent knowing, sensing, embodied, affective assemblages of matter, thought, and language, part of and inseparable from more-than human worlds” (Lupton). Matter in this context is a social actor in its own right, energising and compelling practitioners to incorporate them into their everyday lives. For example, kawaii matter can move us to be more playful, creative, and caring (Aiwaza and Ohno; Nishimura; Yano, Pink Globalization), or help us relax and feel calm when experiencing high levels of stress (Stevens; Allison; Yano, “Reach Out”). Studies in the behavioral sciences have shown how kawaii objects pique our interest, make us feel happy and excited, and through sharing our excitement for kawaii things become kinder and more thoughtful towards each other (Nittono; Ihara and Nittono; Kanai and Nittono). Decora fashion practitioners are sensitive to this sensate and sociable aspect of kawaii; specific things redolent with “thing-power” (Bennett) shine and twinkle amongst the cultural landscape and compel practitioners to gather them up and create unique outfits. Decora fashion relies on an ongoing hunt for objects to upcycle into fashion accessories, thrifting second-hand goods in vintage stores, dollar stores, and craft shops such as DAISO, Omocha Spiral, and ACDC Rag. Practitioners select plastic goods with smooth forms and shapes, and soft, breathable, and light clothing, all with highly saturated colours. Balancing the contrast of colours, practitioners create a rainbow of matter from which they assemble their outfits. The concept of the rainbow is significant to practitioners as the synergy of contrasting colours expresses its own kawaii vitality. As our interviewee, Kanepi, described, “price too can be kawaii” (Yano, Pink Globalization 71); affordable products such as capsule toys and accessories allow practitioners to amass large collections of glistening and twinkling objects. Rare items are also prized, such as vintage toys and goods imported from America, resonating with their own “uniqueness”, and providing a point of difference to the Japanese kawaii cultural landscape. In addition to the key principles of colour, rarity, and affordability, there is also a personalised aspect to decora fashion. Amongst the mundane racks of clothing, toys, and stationary, specific matter twinkles at practitioners like treasures, triggering a moment of thrilling encounter. Our interviewee Pajorina described this moment as having a “fateful energy to it”. All practitioners described this experience as “tokimeki” (literally, a fluttering heart beat), which is used to refer to an experience of excitement in anticipation of something, or the elating feeling of infatuation (Occhi). Our interviewees sought to differentiate this experience of kawaii from feelings of care towards an animal or children through writing systems. While the kanji for “kawaii” was used to refer to children and small animals, the majority of participants wrote “kawaii” to express the vivid and energetic qualities of their fashion. We found each practitioner had a tokimeki response to certain items that and informed their collecting work. While some items fit a more mainstream interpretation of kawaii, such as characters like Hello Kitty, ribbons, and glitter, other practitioners were drawn to non-typical forms they believed were kawaii, such as frogs, snails, aliens, and monsters. As our interviewee Harukyu described: “I think people’s sense of kawaii comes from different sensibilities and perspectives. It’s a matter of feelings. If you think it is kawaii, then it is”. Guided by individual experiences of objects on the shop shelves, practitioners select things that resonate with their own inner beliefs, interests, and fantasies of what kawaii is. In this regard, kawaii matter is not “structured” or “fixed” but rather “emergent through relations” that unfold between the practitioner and the items that catch their eye in a given moment (Thorpe 12). This offers not only an affirming experience through the act of creating, but a playful outlet as well. By choosing unconventional kawaii motifs to include in their collection, and using more standard kawaii beads, jewels, and ribbons to enhance the objects’ cuteness, decora fashion practitioners are transforming, warping, and shifting kawaii aesthetic boundaries in new and experimental ways (Iseri 148; Miller 24–25). As such, this act of collecting is a joyous and elating experience of gathering and accumulating. Making, Meaning, and Memory: Creating kawaii Assemblages Once kawaii items are amassed through the process of collecting, their cuteness is intensified through hand-making items and assembling outfits. One of our interviewees, Momo, explained to us that this expressive act was key to the personalisation of their clothes as it allows them to “put together the things you like” and “incorporate your own feelings”. For example, the bracelets in fig. 2 are an assemblage made by our co-author Kurebayashi, using precious items she has collected for 10 years. Each charm has its own meaning in its aesthetics, memories it evokes, and the places in which it was found. Three yellow rubber duck charms bob along strands of twinkling pink and blue bubble-like beads. These ducks, found in a bead shop wholesaler while travelling in Hong Kong, evoke for Kurebayashi an experience of a bubble bath, where one can relax and luxuriate in self care. Their contrast with the pink and blue—forming the trifecta of primary colours—enhances the vibrant intensity of the bracelet. A large blue bear charm, contrasting in scale and colour, swings at her wrist, its round forms evoking Lorenz’s Kindchenschema. This bear charm is another rare find from America, a crowning jewel in Kurebayashi’s collection. It represents Kurebayashi’s interest in fun and colourful animals as characters, and as potential kawaii friends. Its translucent plastic form catches the light as it glistens. To balance the colour scheme of her creation, Kurebayashi added a large strawberry charm, found for just 50 Yen in a discount store in Japan. Together these objects resonate with key decora principles: personal significance, rarity, affordability, and bright contrasting colours. While the bear and duck reference childhood toys, they do not signify to Kurebayashi a desire to return to childhood. Rather, their rounded forms evoke a playful outlook on life informed by self care and creativity (Ngai 841; Rose). Through bringing the collection of items together in making these bracelets, the accessories form an entanglement of kawaii matter that carries both aesthetic and personal meaning, charged with memories, traces of past travels, and a shining shimmering vitality of colour and light. Fig. 2: Handmade decora fashion bracelet by Kurebayashi, 2022. The creation of decora outfits is the final act of expression and freedom. In this moment, decora fashion practitioners experience elation as they gleefully mix and match items from their collection to create their fashion style. This entanglement of practitioner and kawaii matter evokes what Gorscz would describe as “free acts … generated through the encounter of life with matter” (151). If we return to fig. 1, we can see how Kurebayashi and her fashion mutually energise each other as an expression of colourful freedom. While the objects themselves are found through encounters and given new life by Kurebayashi as fashion items, they also provide Kurebayashi with tools of expression that “expand the variety of activities” afforded to adults (Gorscz 154). She feels elated, full of feeling, insight, and humour in these clothes, celebrating all the things she loves that are bright, colourful, and fun. Conclusion In this essay, we have used New Materialist theory to illustrate some of the ways in which kawaii matter energises decora fashion practitioners, as an expression of what Gorscz would describe as “capacity for action” and a “freedom towards” new modes of expression. Practitioners are sensitive to kawaii’s affective potential, motivating them to search for and collect items that elate and excite them, triggering moments of thrilling encounters amongst the mundanity of the stores they search through. Through the act of making and assembling these items, practitioners form an entanglement of matter charged with their feelings, memories, and the vitality and vibrancy of their collections. Like shining rainbows in the streets, they shimmer and shine with kawaii life, vibrancy, and vitality. Acknowledgements This article was produced with the support of a Vitalities Lab Scholarship, UNSW Sydney, a National Library of Australia Asia Studies scholarship, as well as in-kind support from the University of Tokyo and the Japan Foundation Sydney. We also thank Deborah Lupton, Melanie White, Vera Mackie, Joshua Paul Dale, Masafumi Monden, Sharon Elkind, Emerald King, Jason Karlin, Elicia O’Reily, Gwyn McLelland, Erica Kanesaka, Sophia Saite, Lucy Fraser, Caroline Lennette, and Alisa Freedman for their kind input and support in helping bring this community project to life. Finally, we thank our decora fashion practitioners, our bright shining stars, who in the face of such unkind treatment from outsiders continue to create and dream of a more colourful world. We would not be here without your expertise. References Aizawa, Marie, and Minoru, Ohno. “Kawaii Bunka no Haikei [The Background of Kawaii Culture].” Shōkei gakuin daigaku kiyō [Shōkei Gakuin University Bulletin] 59 (2010): 23–34. Allison, Anne. “Cuteness as Japan’s Millennial Product.” Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon. Ed. Joseph Tobin. Durham: Duke UP, 2004. 34–49. Aoki, Shoichi. FRUiTS. Renzu Kabushikigaisha. 1997–2017. 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On the morning of Thursday, 4 May 2006, the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence held an open hearing entitled “Terrorist Use of the Internet.” The Intelligence committee meeting was scheduled to take place in Room 1302 of the Longworth Office Building, a Depression-era structure with a neoclassical façade. Because of a dysfunctional elevator, some of the congressional representatives were late to the meeting. During the testimony about the newest political applications for cutting-edge digital technology, the microphones periodically malfunctioned, and witnesses complained of “technical problems” several times. By the end of the day it seemed that what was to be remembered about the hearing was the shocking revelation that terrorists were using videogames to recruit young jihadists. The Associated Press wrote a short, restrained article about the hearing that only mentioned “computer games and recruitment videos” in passing. Eager to have their version of the news item picked up, Reuters made videogames the focus of their coverage with a headline that announced, “Islamists Using US Videogames in Youth Appeal.” Like a game of telephone, as the Reuters videogame story was quickly re-run by several Internet news services, each iteration of the title seemed less true to the exact language of the original. One Internet news service changed the headline to “Islamic militants recruit using U.S. video games.” Fox News re-titled the story again to emphasise that this alert about technological manipulation was coming from recognised specialists in the anti-terrorism surveillance field: “Experts: Islamic Militants Customizing Violent Video Games.” As the story circulated, the body of the article remained largely unchanged, in which the Reuters reporter described the digital materials from Islamic extremists that were shown at the congressional hearing. During the segment that apparently most captured the attention of the wire service reporters, eerie music played as an English-speaking narrator condemned the “infidel” and declared that he had “put a jihad” on them, as aerial shots moved over 3D computer-generated images of flaming oil facilities and mosques covered with geometric designs. Suddenly, this menacing voice-over was interrupted by an explosion, as a virtual rocket was launched into a simulated military helicopter. The Reuters reporter shared this dystopian vision from cyberspace with Western audiences by quoting directly from the chilling commentary and describing a dissonant montage of images and remixed sound. “I was just a boy when the infidels came to my village in Blackhawk helicopters,” a narrator’s voice said as the screen flashed between images of street-level gunfights, explosions and helicopter assaults. Then came a recording of President George W. Bush’s September 16, 2001, statement: “This crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to take a while.” It was edited to repeat the word “crusade,” which Muslims often define as an attack on Islam by Christianity. According to the news reports, the key piece of evidence before Congress seemed to be a film by “SonicJihad” of recorded videogame play, which – according to the experts – was widely distributed online. Much of the clip takes place from the point of view of a first-person shooter, seen as if through the eyes of an armed insurgent, but the viewer also periodically sees third-person action in which the player appears as a running figure wearing a red-and-white checked keffiyeh, who dashes toward the screen with a rocket launcher balanced on his shoulder. Significantly, another of the player’s hand-held weapons is a detonator that triggers remote blasts. As jaunty music plays, helicopters, tanks, and armoured vehicles burst into smoke and flame. Finally, at the triumphant ending of the video, a green and white flag bearing a crescent is hoisted aloft into the sky to signify victory by Islamic forces. To explain the existence of this digital alternative history in which jihadists could be conquerors, the Reuters story described the deviousness of the country’s terrorist opponents, who were now apparently modifying popular videogames through their wizardry and inserting anti-American, pro-insurgency content into U.S.-made consumer technology. One of the latest video games modified by militants is the popular “Battlefield 2” from leading video game publisher, Electronic Arts Inc of Redwood City, California. Jeff Brown, a spokesman for Electronic Arts, said enthusiasts often write software modifications, known as “mods,” to video games. “Millions of people create mods on games around the world,” he said. “We have absolutely no control over them. It’s like drawing a mustache on a picture.” Although the Electronic Arts executive dismissed the activities of modders as a “mustache on a picture” that could only be considered little more than childish vandalism of their off-the-shelf corporate product, others saw a more serious form of criminality at work. Testifying experts and the legislators listening on the committee used the video to call for greater Internet surveillance efforts and electronic counter-measures. Within twenty-four hours of the sensationalistic news breaking, however, a group of Battlefield 2 fans was crowing about the idiocy of reporters. The game play footage wasn’t from a high-tech modification of the software by Islamic extremists; it had been posted on a Planet Battlefield forum the previous December of 2005 by a game fan who had cut together regular game play with a Bush remix and a parody snippet of the soundtrack from the 2004 hit comedy film Team America. The voice describing the Black Hawk helicopters was the voice of Trey Parker of South Park cartoon fame, and – much to Parker’s amusement – even the mention of “goats screaming” did not clue spectators in to the fact of a comic source. Ironically, the moment in the movie from which the sound clip is excerpted is one about intelligence gathering. As an agent of Team America, a fictional elite U.S. commando squad, the hero of the film’s all-puppet cast, Gary Johnston, is impersonating a jihadist radical inside a hostile Egyptian tavern that is modelled on the cantina scene from Star Wars. Additional laughs come from the fact that agent Johnston is accepted by the menacing terrorist cell as “Hakmed,” despite the fact that he utters a series of improbable clichés made up of incoherent stereotypes about life in the Middle East while dressed up in a disguise made up of shoe polish and a turban from a bathroom towel. The man behind the “SonicJihad” pseudonym turned out to be a twenty-five-year-old hospital administrator named Samir, and what reporters and representatives saw was nothing more exotic than game play from an add-on expansion pack of Battlefield 2, which – like other versions of the game – allows first-person shooter play from the position of the opponent as a standard feature. While SonicJihad initially joined his fellow gamers in ridiculing the mainstream media, he also expressed astonishment and outrage about a larger politics of reception. In one interview he argued that the media illiteracy of Reuters potentially enabled a whole series of category errors, in which harmless gamers could be demonised as terrorists. It wasn’t intended for the purpose what it was portrayed to be by the media. So no I don’t regret making a funny video . . . why should I? The only thing I regret is thinking that news from Reuters was objective and always right. The least they could do is some online research before publishing this. If they label me al-Qaeda just for making this silly video, that makes you think, what is this al-Qaeda? And is everything al-Qaeda? Although Sonic Jihad dismissed his own work as “silly” or “funny,” he expected considerably more from a credible news agency like Reuters: “objective” reporting, “online research,” and fact-checking before “publishing.” Within the week, almost all of the salient details in the Reuters story were revealed to be incorrect. SonicJihad’s film was not made by terrorists or for terrorists: it was not created by “Islamic militants” for “Muslim youths.” The videogame it depicted had not been modified by a “tech-savvy militant” with advanced programming skills. Of course, what is most extraordinary about this story isn’t just that Reuters merely got its facts wrong; it is that a self-identified “parody” video was shown to the august House Intelligence Committee by a team of well-paid “experts” from the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), a major contractor with the federal government, as key evidence of terrorist recruitment techniques and abuse of digital networks. Moreover, this story of media illiteracy unfolded in the context of a fundamental Constitutional debate about domestic surveillance via communications technology and the further regulation of digital content by lawmakers. Furthermore, the transcripts of the actual hearing showed that much more than simple gullibility or technological ignorance was in play. Based on their exchanges in the public record, elected representatives and government experts appear to be keenly aware that the digital discourses of an emerging information culture might be challenging their authority and that of the longstanding institutions of knowledge and power with which they are affiliated. These hearings can be seen as representative of a larger historical moment in which emphatic declarations about prohibiting specific practices in digital culture have come to occupy a prominent place at the podium, news desk, or official Web portal. This environment of cultural reaction can be used to explain why policy makers’ reaction to terrorists’ use of networked communication and digital media actually tells us more about our own American ideologies about technology and rhetoric in a contemporary information environment. When the experts come forward at the Sonic Jihad hearing to “walk us through the media and some of the products,” they present digital artefacts of an information economy that mirrors many of the features of our own consumption of objects of electronic discourse, which seem dangerously easy to copy and distribute and thus also create confusion about their intended meanings, audiences, and purposes. From this one hearing we can see how the reception of many new digital genres plays out in the public sphere of legislative discourse. Web pages, videogames, and Weblogs are mentioned specifically in the transcript. The main architecture of the witnesses’ presentation to the committee is organised according to the rhetorical conventions of a PowerPoint presentation. Moreover, the arguments made by expert witnesses about the relationship of orality to literacy or of public to private communications in new media are highly relevant to how we might understand other important digital genres, such as electronic mail or text messaging. The hearing also invites consideration of privacy, intellectual property, and digital “rights,” because moral values about freedom and ownership are alluded to by many of the elected representatives present, albeit often through the looking glass of user behaviours imagined as radically Other. For example, terrorists are described as “modders” and “hackers” who subvert those who properly create, own, legitimate, and regulate intellectual property. To explain embarrassing leaks of infinitely replicable digital files, witness Ron Roughead says, “We’re not even sure that they don’t even hack into the kinds of spaces that hold photographs in order to get pictures that our forces have taken.” Another witness, Undersecretary of Defense for Policy and International Affairs, Peter Rodman claims that “any video game that comes out, as soon as the code is released, they will modify it and change the game for their needs.” Thus, the implication of these witnesses’ testimony is that the release of code into the public domain can contribute to political subversion, much as covert intrusion into computer networks by stealthy hackers can. However, the witnesses from the Pentagon and from the government contractor SAIC often present a contradictory image of the supposed terrorists in the hearing transcripts. Sometimes the enemy is depicted as an organisation of technological masterminds, capable of manipulating the computer code of unwitting Americans and snatching their rightful intellectual property away; sometimes those from the opposing forces are depicted as pre-modern and even sub-literate political innocents. In contrast, the congressional representatives seem to focus on similarities when comparing the work of “terrorists” to the everyday digital practices of their constituents and even of themselves. According to the transcripts of this open hearing, legislators on both sides of the aisle express anxiety about domestic patterns of Internet reception. Even the legislators’ own Web pages are potentially disruptive electronic artefacts, particularly when the demands of digital labour interfere with their duties as lawmakers. Although the subject of the hearing is ostensibly terrorist Websites, Representative Anna Eshoo (D-California) bemoans the difficulty of maintaining her own official congressional site. As she observes, “So we are – as members, I think we’re very sensitive about what’s on our Website, and if I retained what I had on my Website three years ago, I’d be out of business. So we know that they have to be renewed. They go up, they go down, they’re rebuilt, they’re – you know, the message is targeted to the future.” In their questions, lawmakers identify Weblogs (blogs) as a particular area of concern as a destabilising alternative to authoritative print sources of information from established institutions. Representative Alcee Hastings (D-Florida) compares the polluting power of insurgent bloggers to that of influential online muckrakers from the American political Right. Hastings complains of “garbage on our regular mainstream news that comes from blog sites.” Representative Heather Wilson (R-New Mexico) attempts to project a media-savvy persona by bringing up the “phenomenon of blogging” in conjunction with her questions about jihadist Websites in which she notes how Internet traffic can be magnified by cooperative ventures among groups of ideologically like-minded content-providers: “These Websites, and particularly the most active ones, are they cross-linked? And do they have kind of hot links to your other favorite sites on them?” At one point Representative Wilson asks witness Rodman if he knows “of your 100 hottest sites where the Webmasters are educated? What nationality they are? Where they’re getting their money from?” In her questions, Wilson implicitly acknowledges that Web work reflects influences from pedagogical communities, economic networks of the exchange of capital, and even potentially the specific ideologies of nation-states. It is perhaps indicative of the government contractors’ anachronistic worldview that the witness is unable to answer Wilson’s question. He explains that his agency focuses on the physical location of the server or ISP rather than the social backgrounds of the individuals who might be manufacturing objectionable digital texts. The premise behind the contractors’ working method – surveilling the technical apparatus not the social network – may be related to other beliefs expressed by government witnesses, such as the supposition that jihadist Websites are collectively produced and spontaneously emerge from the indigenous, traditional, tribal culture, instead of assuming that Iraqi insurgents have analogous beliefs, practices, and technological awareness to those in first-world countries. The residual subtexts in the witnesses’ conjectures about competing cultures of orality and literacy may tell us something about a reactionary rhetoric around videogames and digital culture more generally. According to the experts before Congress, the Middle Eastern audience for these videogames and Websites is limited by its membership in a pre-literate society that is only capable of abortive cultural production without access to knowledge that is archived in printed codices. Sometimes the witnesses before Congress seem to be unintentionally channelling the ideas of the late literacy theorist Walter Ong about the “secondary orality” associated with talky electronic media such as television, radio, audio recording, or telephone communication. Later followers of Ong extend this concept of secondary orality to hypertext, hypermedia, e-mail, and blogs, because they similarly share features of both speech and written discourse. Although Ong’s disciples celebrate this vibrant reconnection to a mythic, communal past of what Kathleen Welch calls “electric rhetoric,” the defence industry consultants express their profound state of alarm at the potentially dangerous and subversive character of this hybrid form of communication. The concept of an “oral tradition” is first introduced by the expert witnesses in the context of modern marketing and product distribution: “The Internet is used for a variety of things – command and control,” one witness states. “One of the things that’s missed frequently is how and – how effective the adversary is at using the Internet to distribute product. They’re using that distribution network as a modern form of oral tradition, if you will.” Thus, although the Internet can be deployed for hierarchical “command and control” activities, it also functions as a highly efficient peer-to-peer distributed network for disseminating the commodity of information. Throughout the hearings, the witnesses imply that unregulated lateral communication among social actors who are not authorised to speak for nation-states or to produce legitimated expert discourses is potentially destabilising to political order. Witness Eric Michael describes the “oral tradition” and the conventions of communal life in the Middle East to emphasise the primacy of speech in the collective discursive practices of this alien population: “I’d like to point your attention to the media types and the fact that the oral tradition is listed as most important. The other media listed support that. And the significance of the oral tradition is more than just – it’s the medium by which, once it comes off the Internet, it is transferred.” The experts go on to claim that this “oral tradition” can contaminate other media because it functions as “rumor,” the traditional bane of the stately discourse of military leaders since the classical era. The oral tradition now also has an aspect of rumor. A[n] event takes place. There is an explosion in a city. Rumor is that the United States Air Force dropped a bomb and is doing indiscriminate killing. This ends up being discussed on the street. It ends up showing up in a Friday sermon in a mosque or in another religious institution. It then gets recycled into written materials. Media picks up the story and broadcasts it, at which point it’s now a fact. In this particular case that we were telling you about, it showed up on a network television, and their propaganda continues to go back to this false initial report on network television and continue to reiterate that it’s a fact, even though the United States government has proven that it was not a fact, even though the network has since recanted the broadcast. In this example, many-to-many discussion on the “street” is formalised into a one-to many “sermon” and then further stylised using technology in a one-to-many broadcast on “network television” in which “propaganda” that is “false” can no longer be disputed. This “oral tradition” is like digital media, because elements of discourse can be infinitely copied or “recycled,” and it is designed to “reiterate” content. In this hearing, the word “rhetoric” is associated with destructive counter-cultural forces by the witnesses who reiterate cultural truisms dating back to Plato and the Gorgias. For example, witness Eric Michael initially presents “rhetoric” as the use of culturally specific and hence untranslatable figures of speech, but he quickly moves to an outright castigation of the entire communicative mode. “Rhetoric,” he tells us, is designed to “distort the truth,” because it is a “selective” assembly or a “distortion.” Rhetoric is also at odds with reason, because it appeals to “emotion” and a romanticised Weltanschauung oriented around discourses of “struggle.” The film by SonicJihad is chosen as the final clip by the witnesses before Congress, because it allegedly combines many different types of emotional appeal, and thus it conveniently ties together all of the themes that the witnesses present to the legislators about unreliable oral or rhetorical sources in the Middle East: And there you see how all these products are linked together. And you can see where the games are set to psychologically condition you to go kill coalition forces. You can see how they use humor. You can see how the entire campaign is carefully crafted to first evoke an emotion and then to evoke a response and to direct that response in the direction that they want. Jihadist digital products, especially videogames, are effective means of manipulation, the witnesses argue, because they employ multiple channels of persuasion and carefully sequenced and integrated subliminal messages. To understand the larger cultural conversation of the hearing, it is important to keep in mind that the related argument that “games” can “psychologically condition” players to be predisposed to violence is one that was important in other congressional hearings of the period, as well one that played a role in bills and resolutions that were passed by the full body of the legislative branch. In the witness’s testimony an appeal to anti-game sympathies at home is combined with a critique of a closed anti-democratic system abroad in which the circuits of rhetorical production and their composite metonymic chains are described as those that command specific, unvarying, robotic responses. This sharp criticism of the artful use of a presentation style that is “crafted” is ironic, given that the witnesses’ “compilation” of jihadist digital material is staged in the form of a carefully structured PowerPoint presentation, one that is paced to a well-rehearsed rhythm of “slide, please” or “next slide” in the transcript. The transcript also reveals that the members of the House Intelligence Committee were not the original audience for the witnesses’ PowerPoint presentation. Rather, when it was first created by SAIC, this “expert” presentation was designed for training purposes for the troops on the ground, who would be facing the challenges of deployment in hostile terrain. According to the witnesses, having the slide show showcased before Congress was something of an afterthought. Nonetheless, Congressman Tiahrt (R-KN) is so impressed with the rhetorical mastery of the consultants that he tries to appropriate it. As Tiarht puts it, “I’d like to get a copy of that slide sometime.” From the hearing we also learn that the terrorists’ Websites are threatening precisely because they manifest a polymorphously perverse geometry of expansion. For example, one SAIC witness before the House Committee compares the replication and elaboration of digital material online to a “spiderweb.” Like Representative Eshoo’s site, he also notes that the terrorists’ sites go “up” and “down,” but the consultant is left to speculate about whether or not there is any “central coordination” to serve as an organising principle and to explain the persistence and consistency of messages despite the apparent lack of a single authorial ethos to offer a stable, humanised, point of reference. In the hearing, the oft-cited solution to the problem created by the hybridity and iterability of digital rhetoric appears to be “public diplomacy.” Both consultants and lawmakers seem to agree that the damaging messages of the insurgents must be countered with U.S. sanctioned information, and thus the phrase “public diplomacy” appears in the hearing seven times. However, witness Roughhead complains that the protean “oral tradition” and what Henry Jenkins has called the “transmedia” character of digital culture, which often crosses several platforms of traditional print, projection, or broadcast media, stymies their best rhetorical efforts: “I think the point that we’ve tried to make in the briefing is that wherever there’s Internet availability at all, they can then download these – these programs and put them onto compact discs, DVDs, or post them into posters, and provide them to a greater range of people in the oral tradition that they’ve grown up in. And so they only need a few Internet sites in order to distribute and disseminate the message.” Of course, to maintain their share of the government market, the Science Applications International Corporation also employs practices of publicity and promotion through the Internet and digital media. They use HTML Web pages for these purposes, as well as PowerPoint presentations and online video. The rhetoric of the Website of SAIC emphasises their motto “From Science to Solutions.” After a short Flash film about how SAIC scientists and engineers solve “complex technical problems,” the visitor is taken to the home page of the firm that re-emphasises their central message about expertise. The maps, uniforms, and specialised tools and equipment that are depicted in these opening Web pages reinforce an ethos of professional specialisation that is able to respond to multiple threats posed by the “global war on terror.” By 26 June 2006, the incident finally was being described as a “Pentagon Snafu” by ABC News. From the opening of reporter Jake Tapper’s investigative Webcast, established government institutions were put on the spot: “So, how much does the Pentagon know about videogames? Well, when it came to a recent appearance before Congress, apparently not enough.” Indeed, the very language about “experts” that was highlighted in the earlier coverage is repeated by Tapper in mockery, with the significant exception of “independent expert” Ian Bogost of the Georgia Institute of Technology. If the Pentagon and SAIC deride the legitimacy of rhetoric as a cultural practice, Bogost occupies himself with its defence. In his recent book Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames, Bogost draws upon the authority of the “2,500 year history of rhetoric” to argue that videogames represent a significant development in that cultural narrative. Given that Bogost and his Watercooler Games Weblog co-editor Gonzalo Frasca were actively involved in the detective work that exposed the depth of professional incompetence involved in the government’s line-up of witnesses, it is appropriate that Bogost is given the final words in the ABC exposé. As Bogost says, “We should be deeply bothered by this. We should really be questioning the kind of advice that Congress is getting.” Bogost may be right that Congress received terrible counsel on that day, but a close reading of the transcript reveals that elected officials were much more than passive listeners: in fact they were lively participants in a cultural conversation about regulating digital media. After looking at the actual language of these exchanges, it seems that the persuasiveness of the misinformation from the Pentagon and SAIC had as much to do with lawmakers’ preconceived anxieties about practices of computer-mediated communication close to home as it did with the contradictory stereotypes that were presented to them about Internet practices abroad. In other words, lawmakers found themselves looking into a fun house mirror that distorted what should have been familiar artefacts of American popular culture because it was precisely what they wanted to see. 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Tapper, Jake, and Audery Taylor. “Terrorist Video Game or Pentagon Snafu?” ABC News Nightline 21 June 2006. 30 June 2006 http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Technology/story?id=2105128&page=1>. U.S. Congressional Record. Panel I of the Hearing of the House Select Intelligence Committee, Subject: “Terrorist Use of the Internet for Communications.” Federal News Service. 4 May 2006. Welch, Kathleen E. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and the New Literacy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Losh, Elizabeth. "Artificial Intelligence: Media Illiteracy and the SonicJihad Debacle in Congress." M/C Journal 10.5 (2007). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0710/08-losh.php>. APA Style Losh, E. (Oct. 2007) "Artificial Intelligence: Media Illiteracy and the SonicJihad Debacle in Congress," M/C Journal, 10(5). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0710/08-losh.php>.