Academic literature on the topic 'Tian'an Men (Beijing, China)'

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate for men who have sex with men (MSM) has rapidly increased in recent years in China and the migrant population accounts for a large proportion of this increase. The migration of MSM not only poses difficulties for government departments charged with treating the disease, but also increases the spread of HIV in geographical space, so it is important to understand the geographical distribution and migrant patterns of MSM. We searched the largest dating website in China to obtain open information from all users in the Chinese mainland from January 2006 to August 2017. For the analysis, the datasets were merged according to units of time and administrative regions. In total, 1,356,609 records were obtained for this study. The main users of the website were single males aged 18–35 years old. Most of the users were located in the large and mid-sized cities of East China. The distribution of MSM was strongly associated with the distribution of the development of service industry in geographical space. The main flow of MSM are mainly located inside the province as internal flow. For those MSM who prefer to migrate to other provinces, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan and Chongqing area were their primary destinations. The interprovincial migration behavior of MSM was closely related to an increased average income. MSM prefer to migrate to cities with developed economies and open cultures. It is important to strengthen the management of migrant MSM and increase their basic understanding of HIV.

BackgroundUnderstanding disparities in the burden of cancer attributable to smoking is crucial to inform and improve tobacco control measures. In this report, we estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancers deaths attributable to smoking at the national and provincial levels in China.MethodsUsing cancer mortality data from 978 counties, smoking data from a nationwide survey and relative risks from a prospective study of 0.5 million adults in China, we calculated the absolute (non-standardised) and standardised numbers and proportions of cancer deaths among adults 30 years and older attributable to active and second-hand smoking in 2014 across all 31 provinces in Mainland China.ResultsThe estimated number of cancer deaths attributable to smoking in China in 2014 was 342 854 among men and 40 313 among women, of which second-hand smoking accounted for 1.8% and 50.0%, respectively. Among men, the absolute PAF in China was 23.8%, ranging from 14.6% in Xinjiang to 26.8% in Tianjin; the overall standardised PAF was 22.2%, ranging from 15.7% in Xinjiang to 26.0% in Guizhou. Among women, the overall absolute and standardised PAFs were 4.8% and 4.0%, ranging from 1.8% and 1.6% in Jiangxi to 14.9% and 9.6% in Heilongjiang, respectively. Overall, provinces with the highest standardised PAFs among men were located in Southwest China and among women in the Northeast.ConclusionsComprehensive smoke-free policies in China should expand to all provinces, notably those with a higher burden of cancer attributable to smoking, instead of being mostly limited to Beijing and some other metropolitan areas.

In addition to many recent actions taken to reduce emissions from energy production, industry, and transportation, a new campaign substituting residential solid fuels with electricity or natural gas has been launched in Beijing, Tianjin, and 26 other municipalities in northern China, aiming at solving severe ambient air pollution in the region. Quantitative analysis shows that the campaign can accelerate residential energy transition significantly, and if the planned target can be achieved, more than 60% of households are projected to remove solid fuels by 2021, compared with fewer than 20% without the campaign. Emissions of major air pollutants will be reduced substantially. With 60% substitution realized, emission of primary PM2.5 and contribution to ambient PM2.5 concentration in 2021 are projected to be 30% and 41% of those without the campaign. With 60% substitution, average indoor PM2.5 concentrations in living rooms in winter are projected to be reduced from 209 (190 to 230) μg/m3 to 125 (99 to 150) μg/m3. The population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations can be reduced from 140 μg/m3 in 2014 to 78 μg/m3 or 61 μg/m3 in 2021 given that 60% or 100% substitution can be accomplished. Although the original focus of the campaign was to address ambient air quality, exposure reduction comes more from improved indoor air quality because ∼90% of daily exposure of the rural population is attributable to indoor air pollution. Women benefit more than men.

PM2.5 samples from Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang were simultaneously collected from 20 November 2016 to 25 December 2016, and the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content in the samples were measured and analyzed. The pollution characteristics and sources of OC and EC in atmospheric PM2.5 for three adjacent cities were discussed. The average mass concentrations of OC in PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang were 27.93 ± 23.35 μg/m3, 25.27 ± 12.43 μg/m3, and 52.75 ± 37.97 μg/m3, respectively, and the mean mass concentrations of EC were 6.61 ± 5.13 μg/m3, 6.14 ± 2.84 μg/m3, and 12.06 ± 6.81 μg/m3, respectively. The average mass concentration of total carbon (TC) accounted for 30.5%, 24.8%, and 49% of the average mass concentration of PM2.5 in the atmosphere. The total carbonaceous matter (TCA) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang was 51.29, 46.57, and 96.45 μg/m3, respectively. The TCA was the main component of PM2.5 in the region. The correlation between OC and EC in the three cities showed R2 values of 0.882, 0.633, and 0.784 for Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang, respectively, indicating that the sources of urban carbonaceous aerosols had good consistency and stability. The OC/EC values of the three sampling points were 4.48 ± 1.45, 4.42 ± 1.77, and 4.22 ± 1.29, respectively, considerably greater than 2, indicating that the main sources of pollution were automobile exhaust, and the combustion of coal and biomass. The OC/EC minimum ratio method was used to estimate the secondary organic carbon (SOC) content in Beijing, Tianjin and Langfang. Their values were 10.73, 10.71, and 19.51, respectively, which accounted for 38%, 42%, and 37% of the average OC concentration in each city, respectively. The analysis of the eight carbon components showed that the main sources of pollutants in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang were exhaust emissions from gasoline vehicles, but the combustion of coal and biomass was relatively low. The pollution of road dust was more serious in Tianjin than in Beijing and Langfang. The contribution of biomass burning and coal-burning pollution sources to atmospheric carbon aerosols in Langfang was more prominent than that of Beijing and Tianjin.

Water scarcity has put pressure on city development in China. With a particular focus on urban and rural effects, logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) was used to analyze the water footprint per capita (WFP) of food consumption in five East China cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Xiamen) from 2008 to 2018. Results show that the WFP of food consumption exhibited an upward tendency among all cities during the research period. Food consumption structure contributed the most to the WFP growth, mainly due to urban and rural residents’ diet shift toward a livestock-rich style. Except in Beijing, the food consumption level mainly inhibited the WFP growth due to the decrease in food consumption level per capita in urban areas. Urbanization had less influence on WFP growth for two megacities (Beijing and Shanghai) due to the strictly controlled urban population inflow policy and more positive effects for other cities. The water footprint intensity effect among cities was mainly due to uneven water-saving efficiency. Meanwhile, Beijing and Tianjin have achieved advancement in water utilization efficiency.

IntroductionNon-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is a high-risk factor for ischaemic stroke. The 2016 European Society of Cardiology Atrial Fibrillation Management guidelines recommend oral anticoagulants (OACs) to prevent stroke in men with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2 and women ≥3. However, in patients with a high risk of stroke and a high risk of bleeding (HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly (> 65 years), Drugs/alcohol concomitantly) score≥3), OAC had a higher risk of bleeding. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is non-inferior to OAC as a means of preventing stroke in several studies. As a minimally invasive intervention to prevent stroke, transthoracic LAAC (TS-LAAC) has a high successful closure rate, but there is a lack of literature reports directly comparing it with OAC. Our research compares TS-LAAC with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and provides an appropriate programme for stroke prevention in a specific population.Methods and analysisThis is a non-randomised controlled trial study protocol, and we will conduct this study from April 2022 to April 2025. The study included 186 patients with confirmed NVAF, 93 of whom completed thoracoscopic LAAC, and the control group treated with NOACs. The primary outcome was the incidence of stroke and systemic embolism, as well as the composite endpoint events (stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, bleeding, cardiovascular death, etc). Secondary outcomes were ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, any bleeding events, death from cardiovascular causes, death from all causes, residual root rate in the surgery group, device-related thrombosis in the surgery group, changes in blood pressure, cardiac chamber size changes, etc. Each subject completed at least 1 year of follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (approval number: KY2022-013-02). The results from this study will be disseminated through manuscript publications and national/international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200058109.

- After the repression of the pro-democracy movement in Tian'An Men Square in 1989 by the Chinese army, human rights have become a controversial issue for the People's Republic of China. In 1991, the Chinese government decided to publish the White Book on Human Rights, the first official document where China recognised human rights as a fundamental legal institution of the People's Republic. Starting from the analysis of the attitude of the Chinese government towards human rights, this paper aims at verifying whether a concept of an undoubted Western origin can be adapted and be relevant in a different cultural and political context. The method of inquiry is the historical reconstruction, which allows to analyse the process of translation of human rights in Chinese characters as well as the practical application of the concept in the socio-political and legal Chinese context.

The water footprint (WF) vividly links water resources with virtual water of food, providing a novel perspective on food demand and water resources management. This study estimates the per capita WF of food consumption for six provinces in North China. Then, the study applies the logarithmic mean Divisia index method to decompose the driving forces of their WF changes. Results show that the per capita WF of food consumption in Beijing, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia increases significantly in 2005–2017, whereas that in the other three provinces in North China varies slightly. All provinces have shown the same trend of food structure changes: the grain decreased, whereas the meat increased. In general, the urban effect was positive, and the rural effect was negative for all regions. The urban effects in Beijing and Tianjin played a leading role, whereas the rural effects in the other four provinces played a leading role from 2005–2009. However, the urban effects in all provinces played a leading role in 2010–2017. The WF efficiency increased in each province, and the effect in urban areas is stronger due to the higher water use efficiency. For most provinces, the consumption structure was positive because the diet shifted toward more meat consumption. The food consumption per capita effect was the major driving force in Beijing and Tianjin due to the increased consumption level, whereas the population proportion effect exerted a weak effect. To alleviate the pressure on water resources, further improving water use efficiency in food production and changing the planting structure should be emphasized for all regions in North China.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is a typical developed region in China. The development of economy has brought lots of carbon emissions. To explore an effective way to reduce carbon emissions, we applied the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model to find drivers behind carbon emission from 2003 to 2013. Results showed that, in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, economic output was main contributor to carbon emissions. Then we utilized the decoupling model to comprehensively analyze the relationship between economic output and carbon emission. Based on the two-level model, results indicated the following: (1) Industry sector accounted for almost 80% of energy consumption in whole region. The reduced proportion of industrial GDP will directly reduce the carbon emissions. (2) The carbon factor for CO2/energy in whole region was higher than that of Beijing and Tianjin but lower than that of Hebei. The impact of energy structure on carbon emission depends largely on the proportion of coal in industry. (3) The energy intensity in whole region decreased from 0.79 in 2003 to 0.40 in 2013 (unit: tons of standard coal/ten thousand yuan), which was lower than national average. (4) The cumulative effects of industrial structure, energy structure, and energy intensity were negative, positive, and negative, respectively.

Abstract Introduction: The inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism differ between Caucasians and Chinese, antithrombin (AT), protein (PC) and protein (PS) deficiencies being the most common in Chinese patients. However, the age- and gender-related normal activity ranges of AT, PC, PS and the prevalence of their deficiencies in the general Chinese population remained to be determined. Methods: 3493 healthy volunteers, 1759 women and 1734 men, blood donors or individuals taking routine health checkup, were recruited in four Chinese medical centers, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Suzhou, between February and May 2006. The inclusion criteria were: informed consent, normal renal and liver functions, no anticoagulant, contraceptive or hormonal substitutive therapy, no previous thrombosis. The plasma levels of AT, PC, PS activities and APC-R were measured with the same batches of reagents and the same type of analyzer (Stago). For the individuals with low activities, mutations of PROC gene, PROS1 gene or SERPINC1 gene were determined by direct sequencing analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed in those APC-R positive samples to detect 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FV gene, including R306T, R306G, R506Q, H1299R and I359T. Results: The plasma activities (mean±SD) were: AT 109.4%±10.1%, PC 110.2%±20.4%, PS 95.4%±21.6% and APC-R 155sec±20sec. The normal ranges (mean±2SD) were: AT 89–130%, PC 69–151%, PS 52–139% and APC-R 114–195sec. Using multiple linear regression models, we identified significant (p<0.05) effects of age and gender on plasma activities and APC-R. Therefore, age- and gender- related normal ranges were further estimated by using the simplified parametric method. Gene analysis allowed identification of 15 individuals with nucleotide mutation: 3 in SERPINC1 gene, 10 in PROC gene and 2 in PROS1 gene. No recurrent gene mutation was found. Four PROC gene mutations, W41R, A121T, P247S and T315A, and two mutations of PROS1 gene, L216F and R314C, were novel. Based on the results of gene analysis, the estimated prevalence of inherited AT, PC and PS deficiency was 0.86 per 1000, 2.86 per 1000 and 0.57 per 1000, respectively. None of the 5 selected SNPs in FV gene was detected in APC-R positive subjects. Conclusions: This is the largest population study ever conducted in China to determine the normal activity levels of the three main natural anticoagulants in the healthy population and their genetic deficiencies. The prevalence of the genetic deficiency of the three proteins was 4.3 per 1000. Contrary to previous studies in China and other Asian areas, PC deficiency was most frequent, followed by PS deficiency and AT deficiency. Six novel mutations were found and there was no recurrent mutation. It has been confirmed again that the common SNPs in FV gene responsible for APC-R in the Caucasians were not detectable in Chinese population. The normal plasmatic ranges according to age and gender should be considered when evaluating the thrombotic risk or events in the Chinese population.

To evaluate the association between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety among newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, our study evaluated the baseline survey data of MSM taking part in a clinical trial among Chinese MSM in Beijing. The baseline survey of the trial was conducted between March 2013 and March 2014. General self-efficacy and depression/anxiety were measured using standard scales. Logistic regression and cumulative logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety. A total of 367 newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese MSM in Beijing were recruited. There were negative associations between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety among the study population. As general self-efficacy increased by one unit, the odds of “likely” or “borderline” depression versus normal, or “likely” depression versus “borderline” depression or normal decreased by 12% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.92] after adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, general self-efficacy was negatively associated with anxiety (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.93). A higher level of general self-efficacy was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety among newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese MSM. Interventions promoting overall health and wellness should address self-efficacy, depression and anxiety.

本研究是一項關於北京中年抑鬱症患者主觀經驗的敘事分析。研究的目的在於探尋患者對於自身患病歷程的主觀詮釋，他們的服務需求以及對於中國大陸精神衛生社會工作進行反思。研究的參與對象為目的性抽樣所得到的來自北京的一個抑鬱癥自助團體的八名中年抑鬱癥患者。
患者回顧了他們不同階段的經歷：發病期、住院期以及康復期。然後他們對於這些經歷做了詮釋。基於不同領域的社會服務需求，對於醫院、社區、大眾傳媒以及政府，他們都給出了寶貴的意見。
研究發現，既有的理論觀點對於關著對自身經歷的詮釋有著重要的影響，尤其是生物醫學模型。認知觀點和性別觀點也可以在患者們的敘事中找到蹤跡。精神科醫生在患者的整個經歷中都處於重要的地位，他們的觀點和行為對患者也產生了重要的影響。
患者還受到社會和歷史因素的影響。他們的詮釋會受到社會觀念和文化價值的影響，比如命運、面子、孝順以及性別角色等等。而歷史事件諸如文化大革命以及天安門事件也會對他們的人生經歷以及他們的主觀詮釋造成影響。而中國目前的社會情境也是另一項重要的影響因素。
從他們的故事中，我們可以看到，最重要的主題就是他們在患病過程中認知模式的轉變，包括對待抑鬱癥本身，所接受的服務以及自身的看法。在他們的敘述中，另外兩個主題也是非常值得注意的，那就是和抑鬱症有關的“喪失以及醫院裡非人道的治療方式。
他們的故事為我們對於北京中年抑鬱症患者經歷的理解提供了非常豐富詳實的材料。這些發現對於知識理論的發展、政策的制定以及針對抑鬱症患者的臨床社會工作實踐都有著很大的啟示。整個社會以及不同領域的精神衛生專業人士都應該攜起手來幫助他們，共同去創造一個更加包容和諧的社會。
This research was a narrative analysis of the subjective experiences of the depressed middle-aged adults in Beijing, China. The purposes of the research were to explore the clients’ subjective interpretation of their lived experience of depression, their service needs and reflect on the improvement of mental health social work in Mainland China. A purposive sample of eight depressed clients from a self-help group in a mental health hospital in Beijing participated in this study.
The clients talked about their experiences at different stages: the onset, in the hospital and the rehabilitation, and interpreted their experiences. They also gave some advice to the hospital, the community, the mass media and the government based on their social service needs.
The theoretical perspectives influenced the clients’ interpretations of their experiences, especially the biomedical model. The cognitive perspective and the gender perspective could also be found in the client’s narratives. The psychiatrists were very important in the whole process of the clients’ experiences. Their perspectives and behaviors also influenced the clients.
It is found that the clients were also influenced by social and historical factors. Their interpretations were affected by social beliefs and cultural values such as fate, face, filial piety and gender roles. The historical events such as Cultural Revolution and June.4th Movement also affected their experiences and interpretations. The current social context in China was another important factor affecting them.
From their stories, we could see that the main theme was change of their cognitive styles, including view of depression, service and themselves. Another two themes were highlighted in their narratives as well: the linkage of their losses with depression and the dehumanized treatment in the hospital.
Their stories have provided comprehensive materials for an in-depth understanding of depressed middle-aged adults in Beijing. Based on the findings, recommendations are made to knowledge development, policymakers and clinical social workers in helping the depressed clients. It is necessary for our society and mental health professionals in different areas to work together to help them and build an inclusive society.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Shi, Song.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-245).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts and appendixes also in Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Rationale of the study --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Background of the study --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Questions --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Purposes and significance of the research --- p.4
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Adult depression --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition of adults’ depression --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Different perspectives on “depression“ --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Social factors associated with adult depression --- p.24
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cultural influences in Chinese society --- p.32
Chapter 2.2 --- Treatment of depressed adults --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Psychotherapy --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Medication --- p.38
Chapter 2.3 --- Research on subjective experiences of people with mental disorders --- p.39
Chapter 2.4 --- Research on depression in Mainland China --- p.48
Chapter 2.5 --- The roles of social work in mental health services --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology --- p.58
Chapter 3.1 --- Paradigmatic Considerations --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Social constructionism --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Social construction and mental illness --- p.61
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Theoretical Framework --- p.63
Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.70
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Qualitative research strategy --- p.70
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sampling strategies --- p.75
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data collection procedures --- p.84
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data analysis procedures --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Strategies for validating findings --- p.88
Chapter 3.3 --- Ethical issues --- p.91
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Research findings --- p.93
Chapter 4.1 --- The experiences of the participants --- p.93
Chapter 4.1.1 --- The experience during the onset of depression --- p.94
Chapter 4.1.2 --- The experience in hospital --- p.118
Chapter 4.1.3 --- The experience in the rehabilitation period --- p.131
Chapter 4.2 --- The interpretation of their experiences --- p.142
Chapter 4.2.1 --- The interpretation of the process of suffering from depression --- p.143
Chapter 4.2.2 --- The interpretation of the process of recovery --- p.148
Chapter 4.3 --- Advice on their needs --- p.154
Chapter 4.3.1 --- The hospital --- p.154
Chapter 4.3.2 --- The community --- p.159
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Mass media --- p.161
Chapter 4.3.4 --- The government --- p.164
Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.170
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and Recommendation --- p.171
Chapter 5.1 --- Characteristics of the participants in this study --- p.171
Chapter 5.2 --- Social and historical factors affecting the clients’ interpretation of suffering from depression --- p.173
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Social beliefs and cultural values --- p.174
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Social context --- p.183
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Historical events --- p.184
Chapter 5.3 --- Themes --- p.186
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Change of Cognitive Style --- p.187
Chapter 5.3.2 --- The linkage of loss with depression --- p.190
Chapter 5.3.3 --- The dehumanized treatment of hospitalization --- p.193
Chapter 5.3.4 --- The interrelationships among the themes --- p.195
Chapter 5.4 --- Revisiting the proposed conceptual framework --- p.197
Chapter 5.5 --- Significance and recommendations --- p.200
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Significance and recommendations --- p.201
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Limitations --- p.214
Chapter Appendix A: --- Possible Probes for interview (English Version & Chinese Version) --- p.218
Chapter Appendix B: --- Oral Consent form (English Version & Chinese version) --- p.225
References --- p.228

On January 6, 1921, McKay and Cannon departed from Shimonoseki, Japan, on a steamer bound for Pusan, Korea. Over the next ten days, they traveled up the Korean peninsula towards Manchuria, eventually entering northern China. After arriving in Beijing (Peking), McKay dedicated the “Chinese realm” for the future preaching of Mormonism. McKay spent time observing the Asiatic customs of the day, frequently making comparisons between the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese peoples. McKay made clear his frustrations with local beggars and commented on the poverty-stricken state of the Asian countryside. Having completed their tour, the two men traveled south to Shanghai, where, on January 16, they departed on the steamer Tenyo Maruru for Yokohama to conclude their tour of the Japan Mission.

This chapter follows the journey of people living with paralysis and neurodegenerative conditions as they undergo fetal cell transplantation in China. It provides ethnographic insight on how these patients have operationalized hope in Beijing hospital wards, immersing themselves in the practical details of navigating an unfamiliar medical system while circumventing existential debates over the moral status of aborted fetuses. It begins by analyzing the online surgical report threads of the first three foreigners to receive Chinese neurosurgeon Dr. Huang Hongyun's fetal cell transplantation. All three were men from the United States who had suffered cervical-level spinal cord injuries. It then incorporates the experiences of a wide range of other fetal cell recipients in order to address the key points of disjuncture that Dr. Huang's foreign patients had to negotiate during their cross-cultural encounters in Beijing: conflicting expectations about caregiving, moral qualms about the use of fetal cells, and the embodied vicissitudes of experimental surgery.

This chapter explores the development of the department of physics at Yenching University, an American-funded missionary institution in Beijing, China during the Republican period. It shows how the department evolved from a primitive premedical teaching program to a major center of physics education and research. It also reveals the significant role of the Rockefeller Foundation in this development, partly as the sponsor of the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College. Founded in 1917, the Premedical School shared with Yenching’s science departments its advanced facilities and in 1926 became part of the university. In 1927, the department created a Master of Science program in physics, the first of its kind in China, promoting original research among its faculty and students. Before the Japanese army shut down the university in December 1941, more than ninety Chinese young men and women had completed their study in this department with a research thesis. A considerable number of Yenching graduates went on to earn their doctorates in America or Europe and subsequently returned home, becoming leading physicists in China in the twentieth century. Among them, Kun Huang (黃昆‎, Class 1941) and Chia-Lin Hsieh (謝家麟‎, Class 1943) even won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Awards, the highest scientific honor in China, in 2001 and 2011 respectively.

Merely 1 in 10 C-level positions in the asset management and broader finance industry are filled by women. This statistic doesn't just apply to the very top of the corporate ladder: women make up 14% of all fund managers and 18% of total employees in private equity. Women on Wall Street, in the investment management industry, and the international finance industry often face an increased unique structural challenge as the industry typically thrives on, and rewards, traits that are associated with men. From New York to Beijing, Lily Jin used her investment career experiences, resources, and influence to pave the way for women in the broader finance and asset management industry by founding a community and mutual assistance platform called HerValue. The sole mission of HerValue is to advance women's representation and development in the broader finance and asset management industry in China. She has been joined by the 2021 HerValue working group and HerValue's management team in 2022 to actively build the community and achieve its mission.

Abstract Diplomacy with Beijing assumed particular importance, given the Vietnam woes and furor surrounding the Pentagon Papers. As of July 1971, both President Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger were hoping that success in this venture would boost Nixon’s political standing at home and perhaps facilitate a diplomatic breakthrough with Hanoi. Both men were determined that the card be played well—and secretly. The first high-level negotiation with the Chinese government since 1949, they limited news of it to a handful of people and excluded the State Department. Kissinger was authorized to promise Chinese prime minister Zhou Enlai that the United States would take “no major steps affecting your interests” without prior discussion with the Chinese government. Zhou Enlai was gracious in response but turned quickly to the question of Taiwan. According to Kissinger, the settlement of the Taiwan question was linked to the resolution of the Vietnam War. Following two and a half days of intense conversation, the meetings ended on a hopeful note. The chapter also discusses the changing attitude of Nixon and Kissinger toward representation of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations and in the Security Council. The two are clearly moving away from their support of Chiang Kai-Shek.