Journal articles on the topic 'TiAlN coating'
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1
Wang, Xuan, Kui Zhang, Guang Hui Yue, Dong Liang Peng, Zheng Bing Qi, and Zhou Cheng Wang. "Investigation on the Structure and Properties of TiAlN Coatings Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1639.
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TiAlN coatings have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from TiAl alloy target using a direct current (DC) power source. The crystal structure, chemical composition, surface morphology and hardness of TiAlN coatings which were prepared at various N2 flow rates have been systemically investigated. The results show a strong effect of N2 flow rates on the orientation, grain size and densification in TiAlN coatings. The TiAlN coating shows the highest hardness at a certain N2 flow rate when it has the most compact structure.
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Chang, Yin Yu, Da Yung Wang, and Chi Yung Hung. "Mechanical Properties of TiAlN/CrN Nanolayered Coatings Synthesized by a Cathodic-Arc Deposition Process." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.323.
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TiAlN, and TiAlN/CrN nanolayered coatings were synthesized by cathodic-arc evaporation with plasma enhanced duct equipment. Chromium and TiAl (50/50 at %) alloy cathodes were used for the deposition of TiAlN/CrN coatings. The effects of bilayer thickness and chromium content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlN/CrN nanolayered coatings were studied. The preferred orientation was changed from (200) in TiAlN monolayered coatings to (111) plane in the multilayered TiAlN/CrN coatings. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coating with periodic thickness of 20 nm and the smallest crystallite size of 28 nm exhibited the highest hardness of 39 GPa. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coatings also showed the best adhesion strength using scratch tests. It has been found that the structural and mechanical properties of the films were correlated with the addition of chromium and nanolayer thickness.
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Grewal, Jasmaninder Singh, Buta Singh Sidhu, and Satya Prakash. "Characterization of Nanostructured and Conventional TiAlN Coatings Deposited on AISI-304 Boiler Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1137 (June 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1137.1.
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In the manuscript conventional and nanostructured nitrided coatings developed to increase hardness and to improve the wear, erosion and corrosion resistance of structural materials. Three coatings of TiAlN were deposited on AISI-304, out of which two were thin nanocoatings at different temperatures of 500°C and 200°C are developed by Oerlikon Balzer’s rapid coating system machine under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. One conventional coating TiAl was deposited by Plasma spraying method which was post nitrided. Then the coated samples were characterized with relative to coating thickness, microhardness, porosity and structure. The XRD and SEM/EDAX techniques have been used to identify various phases formed after coating on the surface of steel.The microhardness of conventional TiAlN coating was found to be of the order of 900-950 Hv. The grain size for nanostructured TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C are 15nm and 14nm respectively as calculated by Sherrer’s formula from XRD plot.
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Chang, Chi Lung, Jui Yun Jao, Wei Yu Ho, and Da Yung Wang. "Characteristics of TiAl-Doped DLC/TiAlN/TiN Multilayered Coatings Synthesized by Cathodic Arc Evaporation." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.247.
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The combinations of TiAl-doped DLC and TiAlN/TiN layers were designed to deposit on the tool steels using cathodic arc evaporation in a continuously single batch process. The economic advantage in depositing the combined coating in one production scale of PVD system is of practical importance. The TiAl-doped DLC as lubricant coatings were synthesized by using arc plasma sources mounted with Ti50Al50-target to emit high energy ion plasma to activate the decomposition of acetylene reactive gases. The results show that the TiAl-doped DLC and TiAlN/TiN combined coatings retained lower friction coefficient at approximately 0.15 during the steady-state sliding. The lubricity and wear resistance of TiAl-doped DLC/TiAlN/TiN coatings is then demonstrated to potentially be applied to the cutting tools with no lubricants.
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Novotný, Jan, Iryna Hren, Štefan Michna, and Stanislaw Legutko. "Analysis of Composite Coating of Deep Drawing Tool." Coatings 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060863.
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Modern coating methods have become an important part of industrial practice. For some materials and operations, the use of abrasion-resistant and hard coatings is an absolute necessity; for others, they are the key to greater efficiency and productivity. The aim of this work was to apply and subsequently analyze a new type of thin coating micro-layers TiAlN and TiAlCN, applied using HIPIMS coating technology from a physical point of view. In particular, chemical composition (EDS) and microstructure analyses were carried out in the area of applied coatings. Prepared cross-sectional metallographic samples were evaluated using electron microscopy. A detailed microstructural characterization of the individual elements was carried out on the lamellae of the investigated sample using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that this new multilayer micro-coating based on TiAlN + TiAlCN at a thickness of 5.8 µm increases the repeatability of production strokes by 200%. This finding was confirmed by testing the production of cartridges in the real operation of a large manufacturing company.
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Tomasz, Dudziak, Alasdair Wilson, Haifa G. Ahmad, and Psantu K. Datta. "Studies of the Effectiveness of Certain High Performance Coatings in Preventing Hot Corrosion Degradation of Ti-Aluminide Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.437.
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This paper originates from a large EU programme designed to produce high performance coatings with superior mechanical and corrosion resistance properties to enhance high temperature corrosion behaviour of TiAl based alloy (Ti45Al8Nb).The paper here is concerned with studies of the hot corrosion behaviour of Ti – Aluminide alloys (Ti45Al8Nb mainly -TiAl with small amount 2 (Ti3Al)) coated with three coatings: (1) TiAlYN/CrN coating, (2) CrAl with 2%YN addition [1,2] (3) TiAlN with Al2O3 overlayer. Hot corrosion was induced by spraying salts mixture of 80%Na2SO4/20%NaCl with melting point around 700oC [1] [2] on heated sample surfaces, and subsequently heating the sprayed samples in a furnace at 750oC for various times. The extent of degradation, assessed by weight changes and examination by OM (Optical Microscope), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis) indicated that all samples suffered hot corrosion attack to various degrees. TiAlN with Al2O3 overlayer had the best corrosion resistance.We shall discuss these results within a mechanistic framework of hot corrosion degradation and describe their implications.
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Lee, Sang Yong, and Sang Yul Lee. "Application of PVD Coatings for Improvement of Die Performance in Copper Semi-Solid Processing." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.84.
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TiAlN/CrN multilayer coatings with an superlattice period of 6.1nm was applied to a proto-type high temperature segment mold for Cu semi-solid processing so that it was investigated the possibilities of TiAlN/CrN multilayer coating as a candidate protective coatings to extend the lifetime of high temperature molds and dies. Much improved performance was obtained from the TiAlN/CrN coated molds, although different behaviors were observed depending upon the type of substrate mold materials. . Improvement of mold performance was observed by TiAlN/CrN coating on AISI H13 steel, but TZM alloy with TiAlN/CrN coating was found to be the best candidate as a mold for high temperature Cu semi-solid processing.
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Grenadyorov, Alexander, Vladimir Oskirko, Alexander Zakharov, Konstantin Oskomov, Sergey Rabotkin, Vyacheslav Semenov, Andrey Solovyev, and Alexander Shmakov. "Properties of TiAlN Coatings Obtained by Dual-HiPIMS with Short Pulses." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041348.
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The paper focuses on the dual high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of TiAlN coatings using short pulses of high power delivered to the target. The surface morphology, elemental composition, phase composition, hardness, wear resistance, and adhesive strength of TiAlN coatings with different Al contents were investigated on WC–Co substrates. The heat resistance of the TiAlN coating was determined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the TiAlN coating with a low Al content ranged from 17 to 30 GPa, and its wear rate varied between 1.8∙10−6 and 4.9∙10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1 depending on the substrate bias voltage. The HF1–HF2 adhesion strength of the TiAlN coatings was evaluated with the Daimler–Benz Rockwell C test. The hardness and wear rate of the Ti0.61Al0.39N coating were 26.5 GPa and 5.2∙10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively. The annealing process at 700 °C considerably worsened the mechanical properties of the Ti0.94Al0.06N coating, in contrast to the Ti0.61Al0.39N coating, which manifested a high oxidation resistance at annealing temperatures of 940–950 °C.
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Shen, Li, Jiang Zhao, Yu-Qing Zhang, and Guo-Zheng Quan. "Performance evaluation of titanium-based metal nitride coatings and die lifetime prediction in a cold extrusion process." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0019.
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Abstract Surface coating can greatly enhance the lifetime of cold extrusion die. It is a significant issue to evaluate the performance of coatings and even predict the lifetime of cold extrusion die. In this work, the titanium-based nitride coatings including TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlCrN were, respectively, deposited on the surface of high-speed steel substrate W6Mo5Cr4V2 (M2) by the physical vapor deposition technology. The hardness test, scratch test, Rockwell adhesion test, and pin-on-disc (POD) wear test were carried out aiming to investigate the performances of the three coatings including hardness, adhesion strength, and wear resistance. The results show that the TiAlCrN coating exhibits the highest hardness of 3,033 HV in comparison with TiN coating (1,222 HV) and TiAlN coating (1,916 HV), while it possesses poor adhesion strength and inferior wear resistance. Furthermore, the TiAlN coating presents the highest resistance to wear and spalling from the substrate. In addition, the Archard wear model of the coatings was solved and applied in the finite element model of cold extrusion to calculate the wear depth and lifetime of the cold extrusion dies. The results suggest that TiAlN coating is the optimal option for cold extrusion die as compared with TiAlCrN and TiN coatings. TiAlN coating can prolong the lifetime of the substrate die up to 260%.
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KARA, LEVENT, HOJJAT GAHRAMANZADE ASL, and ÖZCAN KARADAYI. "THE EFFECT OF TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN, AND TiAlN/TiSiN COATINGS ON THE WEAR PROPERTIES OF AISI H13 STEEL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 09 (October 17, 2019): 1950063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1950063x.
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TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN and TiAlN/TiSiN films were deposited on AISI H13 hot work steel substrate by cathodic arc evaporation method. Each coating was optimized in laboratory conditions and the highest hardness and wear resistance coatings were taken into consideration for this study. Morphological properties, chemical compositions, crystallographic structure, nano hardness and adhesion strength of coatings were analyzed with SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, nano indentation and scratch resistance tester. Wear experiments were performed using ball-on-disk tribometer against Al2O3 ball of 6[Formula: see text]mm diameter and wear volume of coatings were measured using optical profilometer. Wear experimental results revealed that all coated samples showed higher wear resistance and hardness than uncoated AISI H13 steel substrate. The highest wear and scratch resistances as well as nano hardness were attained for CrAlN coating. TiAlN coating has the lowest scratch resistance and wear resistance. Adhesive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for CrAlN coatings which is the highest wear resistant coating. Abrasive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for TiAlN coatings which is the lowest wear resistant coating.
11
Dejun, Kong, and Li Jiahong. "Appraisal on corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2019-2175.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the salt spray corrosion (SSC) and electrochemical corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 steel, which improved the corrosion resistance of H13 hot work mold. Design/methodology/approach CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings were fabricated on H13 hot work mold steel using a laser cladding and cathodic arc ion plating. The SSC and electrochemical performances of obtained coatings were investigated using a corrosion test chamber and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The corrosion morphologies, microstructure and phases were analyzed using an electron scanning microscope, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively, and the mechanisms of corrosion resistance were also discussed. Findings The CrNi coating is penetrated by corrosion media, producing the oxide of Fe3O4 on the coating surface; and the TiAlN coating is corroded to enter into the CrNi coating, forming the oxides of TiO and NiO, the mechanism is pitting corrosion, whereas the CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is not penetrated, with no oxides, showing the highest SSC resistance among the three kinds of coatings. The corrosion potential of CrNi coating, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings was –0.444, –0.481 and –0.334 V, respectively, and the corresponding polarization resistances were 3,074, 2,425 and 86,648 cm2, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is the highest, which is enhanced by the additions of Al2O3 and TiO2. Originality/value The CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold were firstly evaluated by the SSC and electrochemical performances.
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Panjan, Peter, Peter Gselman, Matjaž Panjan, Tonica Bončina, Aljaž Drnovšek, Mihaela Albu, Miha Čekada, and Franc Zupanič. "Microstructure and Surface Topography Study of Nanolayered TiAlN/CrN Hard Coating." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111725.
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The microstructure and surface topography of PVD hard coatings are among the most important properties, as they significantly determine their mechanical, tribological and other properties. In this study, we systematically analyzed the microstructure and topography of a TiAlN/CrN nanolayer coating (NL-TiAlN/CrN), not only because such coatings possess better mechanical and tribological properties than TiAlN and CrN monolayer coatings, mainly because the contours of the individual layers, in the cross-sectional STEM or SEM images of such coatings, make it easier to follow topographic and microstructural changes that occurred during its growth. We investigated the effects of the substrate rotation modes on the microstructure and surface topography of the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, as well as on the periodicity of the nanolayer structure. The influence of the substrate material and the ion etching methods were also studied, while special attention was given to the interlayer roughness and influence of non-metallic inclusions in the steel substrates on the growth of the coating. The topographical features of the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating surface are correlated with the observations from the cross-sectional TEM and FIB analysis. Selected non-metallic inclusions, covered by the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, were prepared for SEM and STEM analyses by the focused ion beam. The same inclusions were analyzed prior to and after deposition. We found that substrate rotation modes substantially influence the microstructure, surface topography and periodicity of the NL-TiAlN/CrN layer. Non-metallic inclusions in the substrates cause the formation of shallow craters or protrusions, depending on their net removal rates during the substrate pretreatment (polishing and ion etching), as compared to the matrix.
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Lille, Harri, Jakub Kõo, Andre Gregor, Alexander Ryabchikov, Fjodor Sergejev, Rainer Traksmaa, and Priit Kulu. "Comparison of Curvature and X-Ray Methods for Measuring of Residual Stresses in Hard PVD Coatings." Materials Science Forum 681 (March 2011): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.455.
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Physical Vapour Deposition and PVD coatings are designed for several applications, from industrial to biomedical. Residual stresses, arising during coating deposition, have important effect on the coating’s service life as their influence to the mechanical and tribological properties. Our aim was to investigate the residual stresses in five different PVD coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlN, nc-(AlTi) N/α -Si3N4) (presence of the Ti as adhesion layer) by the layer growing curvature method and the X-ray diffraction techniques using a plate and a strip as the substrate. Residual stresses were compressive and very large (2.98 - 7.24) GPa in all coatings and comparable in TiN, TiAlN, TiAlN coatings in the case of both methods. The magnitude of residual stresses is influenced by intrinsic strain in the case of layer growth rather than by thermal stress.
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Budi, Esmar, M. Mohd Razali, and A. R. Md Nizam. "SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SPUTTERED TITANIUM-ALUMINUM-NITRIDE COATINGS." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.051.09.
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A study on the surface morphology of sputtered TiAlN coatings is presented. The coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on tungsten carbide insert tools. The surface morphology was characterized by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the surface roughness was indicated by RMS roughness value. It was observed that the TiAlN coating surface morphology was rough as the negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate are increased. The evolution of the sputtered TiAlN coatings surface morphology was due to the competition between particle diffusion and re-scattering effect during the sputtering process. At high negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate, the re-scattering effect was prominent, leading to the high roughness of the sputtered TiAlN coating surface.
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Ait-Djafer, Zouina Amina, Nadia Saoula, Daniel Wamwangi, Noureddine Madaoui, and Hamid Aknouche. "Bias voltage effect on magnetron sputtered titanium aluminum nitride TiAlN thin films properties." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 86, no. 3 (June 2019): 30301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019180344.
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In this study, a negative substrate bias voltage is used to tune the structural, morphological, mechanical and electrochemical properties of TiAlN coatings fundamental for protective coating applications. TiAlN thin films have been deposited on glass, (001)Si and stainless steel substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at a power density of 4.41 W/cm2. The deposition rate was determined from X-ray reflectivity measurements to 7.00 ± 0.05 nm/min. TiAlN films used in this work were deposited for 60 min to yield a film thickness of 420 nm. Structural analysis has shown that TiAlN coating forms a cubic (fcc) phase with orientations in (111), (200), (220) and (222) planes. The deposited coatings present maximum hardness (H = 37.9 GPa) at −75 V. The dependence of hardness and Young's modulus and corrosion resistance on microstructure has been established. Electrochemical studies by potentiodynamic polarization in aggressive environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl) have revealed that stainless steel substrate with TiAlN coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance.
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ZHANG, KEDONG, JIANXIN DENG, YOUQIANG XING, and XUHONG GUO. "INFLUENCE OF POST-LASER PROCESSING ON THE MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PVD TiAlN COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 04 (August 13, 2019): 1950137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501373.
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TiAlN-coated cemented carbide samples were treated using an Nd:YAG laser at different scanning speeds after the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The ball-on-disk wear tests in dry friction condition were performed to evaluate the tribological properties of the treated TiAlN coated samples sliding against AISI 316 stainless steel materials. Characterization tests such as instrumented nanoindentation hardness tests and variable depth scratch tests were also carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties as well as the coating adhesiveness of the PVD TiAlN coatings with additional laser treatments. Results showed that the post-laser processing with appropriate input parameters can significantly affect the coating adhesiveness and anti-adhesive wear properties. In this study, the moderate scanning speed (10[Formula: see text]mm/s) is most effective in minimizing the PVD coating defect, densifying the PVD coating and increasing the critical load of the coatings, resulting in a increase of 32% in critical load of the coatings. Meanwhile, specific attention was paid to the role of post-laser processing in the stable protective layer formation. The adhesion layer of steel materials shows its best adherence to the post-treated TiAlN coating surface in combination with a high mechanical stability, due to a synergistic effect of the improved coating/substrate adhesion and mechanical interlock.
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Grewal, Jasmaninder Singh, Buta Singh Sidhu, and Satya Prakash. "Effect of Sliding Velocity on Wear Behaviour of TiAlN Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1137 (June 2016): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1137.24.
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In the present work TiAlN coatings were deposited by plasma spray process as titanium aluminium based nitride (Ti, Al)N coatings possess excellent tribological behaviour with respect to metal cutting and polymer forming contacts. Three coatings of TiAlN were deposited on AISI-304 grade boiler steel substrate out of which two were thin nanocoatings deposited at different temperatures of 500°C and 200°C and one conventional coating was deposited by plasma spraying. The as sprayed coatings were characterized with relative to coating thickness, microhardness, porosity and microstructure. The optical microscopy (OM), the XRD analysis and field mission scanning electron microscope (FESEM with EDAX attachment) techniques have been used to identify various phases formed after coating deposited on the surface of the substrate. Subsequently the sliding wear behaviour of uncoated, PVD sprayed nanostructured thin TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C and plasma sprayed conventional coated AISI-304 grade boiler steel were investigated according to ASTM standard G99-03 using pin on disk wear test rig. Cumulative wear volume loss and coefficient of friction, μ were calculated for the coated as well as uncoated specimens for 0.5, 1 and 2 m/sec sliding velocities at a constant normal load of 10 N. The worn out samples were analysed with SEM/EDAX. Wear rates in terms of volumetric loss (mm3/g) for uncoated and coated alloys were compared. The nanostructured TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C has shown minimum wear rate as compared to conventional TiAlN coating and uncoated AISI-304 grade boiler steel. Nanostructured TiAlN coatings were found to be successful in retaining surface contact with the substrate after the wear tests.
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Baronins, Janis, Vitali Podgursky, Maksim Antonov, Sergei Bereznev, and Irina Hussainova. "Electrochemical Behaviour of TiCN and TiAlN Gradient Coatings Prepared by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc PVD Technology." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.414.
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TiCN and TiAlN gradient coatings were deposited on the AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by lateral rotating cathode arc (LARC) physical vapour deposition (PVD) technology. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour was studied in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The thickness of coatings was about 3 μm. For both coatings the corrosion potential shifted to more positive values as compared to the uncoated substrate. The corrosion current density decreased for TiCN and TiAlN coatings indicating up to 40 folds higher polarization resistance. The coefficient of friction value of TiCN coating is three times lower and durability is six times higher than that of TiAlN coating under the same tribocorrosion conditions.
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Cai, Zhi Hai, Ping Zhang, and Yue Lan Di. "Nanolayered CrN/TiAIN Coatings Synthesized by Ion Plating Technology for Tribological Application on Piston Rings." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.430.
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By using the ion plating technology,the multilayered CrN/TiAlN as well as monolayered CrN and TiAlN coatings were made on the suface of piston rings to improve its tribological properties and increase service life using Cr and Ti50Al50 alloy cathodes. EDS analysis showed that the main compositions of CrN/TiAlN coatings are Cr30.61%,Ti 20.42%,Al 13.88% and N 35.10%. The preferred orientation was changed from (111) in CrN and TiAlN monolayered coatings to (220) plane in the multilayered CrN/TiAlN coatings. The multilayered CrN/TiAlN coatings had smaller crystallite size than the monolayered CrN coatings. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coating with rotational speed at 1.5 rpm exhibited the highest H3/E2 ratio value of 0.23 GPa, indicating the best resistance to plastic deformation, among the studied CrN, TiAlN and multilayered TiAlN/ CrN coatings. The CrAlTiN composite films performs better than binary CrN as well as the Cr plating in teams of hardness and wear resistance at high temperature.
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Suresh, R., P. Shruthi, R. Sunil Kumar, J. Siva, M. Prem Ananth, and R. Ramesh. "Experimental Investigation of Nano-Composite Coated Stainless Steel (316L) Surfaces under Unidirectional Sliding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.37.
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This work proposes the investigation of nanosized Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) on the Stainless Steel (316L) substrate. A chromium interlayer has been applied over the modified surface which will act as an interlayer between the substrate and hard composite coating. The composite coating was prepared by Magnetron Sputtered-Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) on chromium coated lapped and textured surfaces of stainless steel substrate. Scratch test was performed to characterize the adherence of the coatings on the substrate. TiAlN surface coating over the textured surface exhibits higher adherence than the lapped surface coating surface. The tribological performance of the wear resistant coatings on lapped and textured surfaces was experimentally investigated by pin on disc tribometer at dry sliding contact conditions under various normal loads. The testing results were compared and the results showed that TiAlN coating on textured surfaces exhibited lower friction coefficient and wear rate than lapped coating surfaces under same testing conditions. Sliding wear characteristics such as coefficient of friction and specific wear rate were investigated.
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Kulkarni, Atul P., and Vikas G. Sargade. "Performance of Multilayered PVD Coated Cemented Carbide Inserts during Dry Turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.248.
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AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel is generally “difficult-to-cut” material than other types of steel on account of their high strength, high work hardening tendency and poor thermal conductivity. The focus of the paper is on the dry, high speed machining which is ecologically desirable and cost effective. It is also the future of machining and called as green machining. PVD multilayered TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN/TiSiN coated inserts were used for dry, high speed turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels material. TiN/TiAlN coating was deposited using “Cathodic Arc Evaporation” (CAE) technique where as TiAlN/TiSiN coating was deposited using “Closed-Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering” (CFUBMS) technique. Coatings are deposited on K-grade (K-20) cemented carbide insert. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and scratch tester were used to examine microstructure, microhardness and adhesion of coating. The thickness of the both coating was found to be 3.8 ±2 µm. TiN/TiAlN coating demonstrated micro-hardness value 34 GPa where as TiAlN/TiSiN coating shows 37 GPa. The adhesion strength of the TiAlN/TiSiN coating is 86 N and that of TiN/TiAlN coating is 83 N.The turning tests were conducted in dry machining environment at cutting speeds in the range of 100 to 340 m/min, feed in the range of 0.08 to 0.20 mm/rev keeping depth of cut constant at 1 mm. The influences of cutting speed, feed and tool coating were investigated on the machined surface roughness, flank wear and cutting force. TiAlN/TiSiN coated tool showed better performance and exhibited lower cutting forces than TiN/TiAlN coated tool. Built-up edge was not observed during using coated tool due to better thermal stability of the coating. The research work findings will also provide useful economic machining solution in case of dry, high speed turning of AISI 304 stainless steel, which is otherwise usually, machined by costly PCD or CBN tools. The present approach and results will be helpful for understanding the machinability of AISI 304 stainless steel during dry, high speed turning for the manufacturing engineers.
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Tan, Xin, Zhen Yang Xin, Xue Jie Liu, Qing Bin Zhang, and Yichao Jia. "First-Principles Study on Elastic Properties and Electronic Structure of Ti1-xAlxN." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2171.
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As excellent performance coating material, the TiAlN coating has become alternative to TiN coating, with a very broad application prospects. We calculated the lattice constants, elastic parameters, electronic constants of Ti1-xAlxN. Its elastic constants trend was downward as the Al element contents increasing, and its brittleness fell. We had analysed the band structure and density of states of TiA1N, and TiA1N was illustrated to be conductor.
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Roy, Manish, Sabyasachi Saha, and Krishna Valleti. "Microstructure and Wear of Cathodic Arc Physical Vapour Deposited on TiAlN, TiCrN and n TiAlN Alpha Si3N4 Films." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.15661.
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Present study examined the microstructural features, hardness and wear performance of TiAlN, TiCrN and n-TiAlN/α-Si3N4 coatings deposited by cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (CA-PVD) technique on M-50 steel keeping in mind a possible application of hybrid bearings in next generation aero-engine. Microstructural features of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Hardness was measured using microhardness tester. Wear test was carried out with the help of ‘Bruker’ tribometer. Worn surfaces were characterised employing SEM. Results show that TiCrN coating has crystalline columnar structure and other coatings have nano-crystalline structures. Besides improved hardness, TiAlN has best wear resistance and TiCrN coating exhibits least friction coefficient.
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Tamura, Motonori. "Hydrogen Permeation of Multi-Layered-Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1152 (April 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1152.9.
Full textAbstract:
Using a substrate of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, which is used for components in high-pressure hydrogen systems, the hydrogen barrier properties of samples with single-layer coatings of TiC, TiN, and TiAlN as well as a multi-layered coating of TiAlN and TiMoN were evaluated. The ion plating method was used, and coating thicknesses of 2.0–2.6 μm were obtained. Hydrogen permeation tests were carried out under a differential hydrogen pressure of 400 kPa and at a temperature between 573 and 773 K, and the quantities of hydrogen that permeated the samples were measured. This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the microstructures of the coatings and the hydrogen permeation properties. Coatings of TiC, TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlN/TiMoN facilitated reductions of the hydrogen permeabilities to 1/100 or less of that of the uncoated substrate. The samples coated with TiN and TiC that developed columnar crystals vertical to the substrate exhibited higher hydrogen permeabilities. The experiment confirmed that the coatings composed of fine crystal grains were highly effective as hydrogen barriers, and that this barrier property became even more efficient if multiple layers of the coatings were applied. The crystal grain boundaries of the coating and interfaces of each film in a multi-layered coating may serve as hydrogen trapping sites. We speculate that fine crystal structures with multiple crystal grain boundaries and multi-layered coating interfaces will contribute to the development of hydrogen barriers.
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Yamamoto, Kenji, Yuuya Tatsuhira, and Yoshiro Iwai. "The Relationship between Coating Property and Solid Particle Erosion Resistance of AIP-Deposited TiAlN Coatings with Different Al Contents." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080992.
Full textAbstract:
TiAlN coatings with different Al ratios were deposited by the cathodic arc ion plating (AIP) method, and the relationship between solid particle erosion resistance and structural, mechanical properties was investigated by a micro slurry-jet erosion (MSE) test. The crystal structure of TiAlN coating changes depending on the Al ratio. The coating shows a B1 single cubic phase between the Al ratio of 0 and 0.58; above this ratio, formation of a B4 hexagonal phase is observed. The mechanical properties such as hardness and Young’s modulus of the TiAlN coating also depend on the Al ratio and the crystal structure. The erosion rate decreases by increasing the Al ratio up to 0.58, as the coating is a cubic single phase. The TiAlN coating shows the lowest erosion rate at an Al ratio of 0.58. The erosion rate increases drastically as the crystalline phase changes from the B1 cubic to B4 hexagonal phase at the Al ratio of more than 0.58. The change in erosion rate is also discussed in connection with mechanical properties such as erodent particle hardness to coating hardness ratio and coating hardness to Young’s modulus ratio.
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Xian, Guang, Hai Bo Zhao, Hong Yuan Fan, and Hao Du. "The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Me/MeN/TiAlN Trilaminar Coatings Deposited by a Hybrid PVD Coating Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.704.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructure, mechanical properties and adhesion of Ti/TiN/TiAlN and Zr/ZrN/TiAlN trilaminar coatings, which were deposited on the high-speed steel substrate and cement carbide substrate by a hybrid PVD coating technique. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to reveal the structure of coatings. The fracture appearance of coatings was presented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the element content was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Hardness and Yong's modulus were measured by using a nanoindentation technique and the adhesion of coatings was carried out with Rockwell HRC indentations. The results showed that all the coatings present a fcc B1 (NaCl type) structure and the TiN (111) is the dominant orientation. The TiAlN coatings with Ti/TiN interlayer presented a typical columnar structure, while the columnar structure became ambiguous in TiAlN coatings with Zr/ZrN interlayer. The chemical composition of TiAlN coatings is almost unacted on the inner interlayer. The hardness of the coatings on CC substrate is greater than that of on HSS substrate. However, the Ti/TiN/TiAlN coatings on HSS substrate has the maximum theH3/E*2ratio at 0.178 with a lowest hardness. The adhesion of Ti/TiN/TiAlN and Zr/ZrN/TiAlN coatings on CC substrate is remarkable greater than the adhesion of same coatings on HSS substrate.
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Yi, Jiyong, Yinchao Xu, Zhixiong Liu, and Lijuan Xiao. "Effect of TiC Content and TaC Addition in Substrates on Properties and Wear Behavior of TiAlN-Coated Tools." Coatings 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121911.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper reports a new way to improve the wear resistance of coated carbide tools by increases in TiC content and the addition of TaC in substrates. The results suggest that the average grain size of the substrate increased with the increases in TiC (0–14 wt.%) content, and the hardness of the TiAlN coating deposited on the substrate exhibits a similar trend. In addition, the adhesion strength of the TiAlN-coated carbide increases with increasing TiC content, which can be attributed the formation of the (Ti,W)C phase and the similar hardness of the substrate and coating. The addition of TaC into the substrates inhibits the grain growth and thereby causes the hardness and adhesion strength of the TiAlN coatings to improve from 24.6 GPa and 16.7 N to 30.1 GPa and 17.3 N, respectively. In turning tests, the TiAlN coating deposited on the substrates with the TaC addition achieved the best wear resistance in turning stainless steel because it possessed the highest substrate and coating hardness and sufficient adhesion strength. However, the TiAlN coating deposited on the substrates with a higher TiC content shows the better wear resistance in turning titanium (TC4), which can be attributed to it having the highest adhesion strength.
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Lyu, Yueling, Yangzhi Chen, and Yulin Wan. "A novel post-processing method for 316L steel specimen generated by SLM using TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 9 (August 10, 2020): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2019-0199.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Selective laser melting (SLM) is an important advanced additive manufacturing technology. The existing SLM printing technology cannot manufacture the mechanical parts that fully meet the requirements of high precision and strength. This paper aims to explore a new post-processing method for SLM 316L specimen, namely, using of the TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating fabricated by multi-arc ion plating on the surface of SLM specimens, for improving the performance of SLM specimens. The other purpose of this paper is compared the performances of the TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating machined specimen and the TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating SLM specimen. Design/methodology/approach The TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating is fabricated by multi-arc ion plating on the surface of 316L specimens. The surface morphology and selected mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating plating on the SLM substrate specimen and the machined substrate specimen were studied in this paper. The analyzed properties included surface topography, micro hardness, the adhesion, the thickness and the wear resistance of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating plating on the SLM substrate specimen and the machined substrate specimen. Findings The electron microscope images reveal that surface morphology of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating plating on the SLM specimens is relatively flat, and there are some micro-particles in different sizes and pin holes dispersed on them. After TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating, the performances of SLM samples, such as micro hardness, the thickness and the wear resistance, were significantly improved. The micro hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating machined specimen is higher than that of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating SLM specimen. However, the adhesion of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating machined specimen is less than that of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coating SLM specimen. Originality/value The study provides a new post-processing method for SLM 316L specimen to improve the performance of SLM specimens and to enable SLM specimens to be applied in the field of precision mechanical transmission.
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Hao, Guangchao, Zhanqiang Liu, Xiaoliang Liang, and Jinfu Zhao. "Influences of TiAlN Coating on Cutting Temperature during Orthogonal Machining H13 Hardened Steel." Coatings 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060355.
Full textAbstract:
TiAlN has been widely used in cutting tool coating due to its excellent mechanical and thermal performances. However, the research on the TiAlN coating effect on cutting temperature is not comprehensive enough. In this paper, the friction tests at elevated temperature and hard machining H13 hardened steel tests are conducted by using TiAlN coated tools and uncoated tools, respectively. The results of using TiAlN coated tools are compared with those from using uncoated tools. It is found that the coefficient of friction (COF) between TiAlN coated tool and H13 hardened steel is reduced to 0.63 at 800 °C. The COF value is 0.75 for uncoated tool. Under the same cutting conditions, the TiAlN coating shortens tool-chip contact length. The tangential cutting forces and cutting zone temperatures are decreased with smaller COF and shorter tool-chip contact length. Due to the lower thermal conductivities of TiAlN coating and the Al2O3 oxide layer formatted at tool rake face, the cutting heat conducted into cutting tool substrate was reduced. The cutting temperatures in TiAlN coated tool substrate are decreased by at least 10.68% in this study. The TiAlN coating reduces the cutting temperature by decreasing the cutting heat generation and conduction.
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Sakharova, Nataliya A., José Valdemar Fernandes, Marta C. Oliveira, and Jorge M. Antunes. "A Numerical Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Hard Coatings with Ductile Interlayers under Depth-Sensing Indentation." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1194.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, numerical simulations of nanohardness tests of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) hard coatings with titanium and aluminium ductile interlayers were performed in order to determine the influence of interlayers of ductile metals on the overall mechanical properties of multilayer coatings. The investigation was designed to determine the role of ductile interlayers in altering the hardness value and the Young´s modulus of the multilayer coating as a whole, in comparison with a monolayer TiAlN hard coating, for the cases of composites with different numbers and thicknesses of interlayers.
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Grzesik, Wit, and Joanna Małecka. "The Oxidation Behaviour and Notch Wear Formation of TiAlN Coated Tools Using Different Oxidation Techniques." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061330.
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This paper proposes a novel approach to assessing oxidation behavior of TiAlN coatings with defined stoichiometry on the rake and flank surfaces. This is based on the multi-parametric comparison of the oxidation effects detected on the coatings’ surfaces resulting from static diffusion couple tests. In this experimental study the diffusion couples consisting of Ti-based and Ni-based alloys and coated TiAlN cutting inserts are tested, respectively. The optimum oxidation temperature was determined by annealing the selected TiAlN coating in a high temperature chamber at temperatures: 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C in air. Concurrently, the mass change and corresponding thickness of the Al2O3 oxidized layer were measured and computed. The comparison of oxides produced covers the surface morphologies, chemical elements and phases which were analyzed by means of SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction techniques). Additionally, scratch tests were performed to assess the penetration depth down to the substrate and coating failure mechanism after oxidation in diffusion couples. An acceptable similarity of Al2O3 films formed on the TiAlN coating surfaces in diffusion couples and machining processes was established.
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Gabbitas, Brian, Peng Cao, Stella Raynova, and De Liang Zhang. "Fabrication of TiAl Target by Mechanical Alloying and Applications in Physical Vapour Deposition Coating." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.805.
Full textAbstract:
The research involves the development of a powder metallurgical route for producing good quality TiAl targets for making physical vapour deposition (PVD) coatings. Mixtures of elemental titanium and aluminium powders were mechanically milled using a novel discus milling technique under various conditions. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was then employed for consolidation of the mechanically alloyed powders. A cathodic arc vapour deposition process was applied to produce a TiAlN coating. A microstructural examination was conducted on the target material and PVD coatings, using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that combining mechanical alloying and HIP enable us to produce a fairly good quality of TiAl based target. The PVD coatings obtained from the TiAl target showed very high microhardness values.
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Caliskan, Halil, Celil Cagatay Celil, and Peter Panjan. "Effect of Multilayer Nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN Coating on Wear Behavior of Carbide Tools in the Milling of Hardened AISI D2 Steel." Journal of Nano Research 38 (January 2016): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.38.9.
Full textAbstract:
Thin hard coatings are widely used in the protection of cutting tools, dies and molds to prolong their wear resistance and lifetime. Superior properties of different coatings can be combined with multilayer design, and especially a higher microhardness can be obtained by nanocomposite structures. In this study, a multilayer design composing of TiAlSiN, TiSiN and TiAlN layers was applied on carbide cutting tools. The top TiAlSiN layer has a nanocomposite structure of crystalline fcc-TiAlN and amorphous Si3N4 phases. The multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coating was deposited on the carbide cutting tool using an industrial magnetron sputtering system. Wear behavior of the coated tools was investigated in the milling of hardened AISI D2 steel (~55 HRc). The changes in tool wear and surface roughness as a function of cutting distance were recorded. Wear mechanisms and types were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was found that the multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coating provides at least 1.2 times higher wear resistance and a longer lifetime than single layer TiN and TiAlN coatings. Main wear mechanisms are abrasion and adhesion of the workpiece material on the cutting edge. As a result, wear types are notch wear and build-up-edge formation.
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Lyu, Yueling, Jingwei Wang, Yulin Wan, and Yangzhi Chen. "The Influence of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Property of TiAlN/TiN Multilayer Coating on the 316L Steel." Coatings 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060377.
Full textAbstract:
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an important advanced additive manufacturing technology. The existing SLM products cannot fully meet the requirements of high-precision and strength of the mechanical component because of their defects. The TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating can improve the surface property of SLM products. The present work aims to explore the influences of different process parameters of SLM on the property of TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating plating on the 361L specimen and the mechanism of these influences. Taking laser power, scanning speed, and scanning space as factors, an orthogonal experiment was designed. The TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating specimens can be obtained by plating on the 361L specimen, fabricated by the process parameters of SLM on the orthogonal experiment. The surface topographies and properties of TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating were tested, the influences of SLM process parameters on TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating were analyzed, and the optimal process parameter was obtained. The electron microscope images revealed that the surface morphology of TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating plating on the SLM specimen was relatively flat, and there were some macro-particles in different sizes and pin holes dispersed on it. The thickness of the TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating was 2.77–3.29 μm. The microhardness value of coating SLM specimen was more than four times that of the uncoated SLM specimen and the wear rates of the uncoated specimen were 2–4 times that of the corresponding coating specimen. The comprehensive analysis shows that the laser power had the greatest influence on the comprehensive property of the coating. The primary cause of the influence of SLM process parameters on the properties of the TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating was preliminarily discussed. When the laser power was 170 W, the scanning speed was 1,100 mm/s, and the scanning space was 0.08mm, the TiAlN/TiN multilayer coating plating on the SLM specimen had the best comprehensive property.
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Tillmann, Wolfgang, Diego Grisales, Dominic Stangier, and Timo Butzke. "Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments." Coatings 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080519.
Full textAbstract:
In the metalworking industry, different processes and applications require the utilisation of custom designed tools. The selection of the appropriated substrate material and its pre-treatment as well as the protective coating are of great importance in the performance and life time of forming tools, dies, punches and coated parts in general. TiAlN and CrAlN coatings have been deposited onto the hot work tool steel AISI H11 by means of Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering. Prior to the deposition, the steel substrate was modified by the implementation of three different pre-treatments: nitriding of the annealed substrate [Nitr.], heat treatment of the steel (quenching and double tempering) [HT] and nitridation subsequent to a heat treatment of the substrate [HT + Nitr.]. The purpose of this research is to obtain valuable information on the microstructural properties and tribomechanical behaviour of two of the most promising ternary transition metal nitride coatings, TiAlN and CrAlN, when deposited on the AISI H11 steel with different initial properties. The different pre-treatments performed to the steel prior to the deposition favour the tailoring during the design and construction of tools for specific applications. The microstructure, the adhesion and the wear resistance of TiAlN coatings were highly influenced by the substrate preparation. Contrarily, CrAlN results were more independent of the substrate preparation and no high influences were found. For instance, the adhesion of the TiAlN coating varied from 17 to 43 N for the coating deposited onto the HT + Nitr. substrate and the HT substrate respectively, while the lowest and highest adhesion of the CrAlN coating varied between 42 and 53 N for the HT and the HT + Nitr. respectively. Likewise, the wear coefficient of the CrAlN were ten times smaller than those found for the TiAlN coatings, presumably due to the presence of hex-AlN phases and the small differences on the Young´s Modulus of the substrate and the CrAlN coatings.
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Cheong, Jhun Yew, Xing Zhao Ding, Beng Kang Tay, and Xian Ting Zeng. "Thermal Stablility and Oxidation Resistance of CrAlSiN Nano-Structured Coatings Deposited by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.725.
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In this paper, CrAlSiN coatings are deposited by a lateral rotating cathode arc technique. The high temperature oxidation behaviors of these coatings are studied in ambient atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 800°C-1000°C for an hour. The ternary TiAlN coating is used as the benchmark in this study. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coating samples before and after oxidation at different temperatures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CrAlSiN coatings show much better oxidation resistance than the TiAlN coatings. TiAlN starts to oxidize from 800oC and forms a complete surface oxide layer after oxidation at 1000oC for an hour. However, CrAlSiN shows a relatively good oxidation resistance below 1000oC and only is oxidized to form a thin oxide scale with a thickness of 0.3 µm at 1000oC for one hour. It is found that the oxidation of both coatings is triggered from the surface metallic droplets generated by the arc deposition process.
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Zhang, Zhiqiang, Lan Zhang, Heng Yuan, Menglin Qiu, Xu Zhang, Bin Liao, Fengshou Zhang, and Xiaoping Ouyang. "Tribological Behaviors of Super-Hard TiAlN Coatings Deposited by Filtered Cathode Vacuum Arc Deposition." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062236.
Full textAbstract:
High hardness improves the material’s load-bearing capacity, resulting in the enhancement of tribological properties. However, the high hardness is difficult to achieve for TiAlN coating due to the transformation of the close-packed structure from cubic to hexagonal and the increase in the grain size when the Al content is high. In the present study, the ultrahard TiAlN coatings (hardness > 40 GPa) are successfully developed by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technology to study the effect of nitrogen flux rate on tribological behaviors. The highest hardness of 46.39 GPa is obtained by tuning the nitrogen flux rate to achieve the regulation of Al content and the formation of nanocrystalline. The stable fcc TiAlN phase is formed via the solid-phase reaction under a high nitrogen concentration, and more aluminum atoms replace the titanium atoms in the (Ti, Al)N solid solution. The high Al content of the Ti0.35Al0.65N coating has a nanocrystalline structure and the average crystalline size is 16.52 nm. The TiAlN coating deposited at a nitrogen flux rate of 60 sccm exhibits the best properties of a combination of microhardness = 2972.91 Hv0.5, H = 46.39 GPa, E = 499.4 Gpa, ratio H/E* = 0.093 and ratio H3/E*2 = 0.403. Meanwhile, the TiAlN coating deposited at 60 sccm shows the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.43 and wear rate of 1.3 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1 due to the best mechanical properties.
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Al-Tameemi, Hamza A., Thamir Al-Dulaimi, Michael Oluwatobiloba Awe, Shubham Sharma, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Ugur Koklu, and Khaled Giasin. "Evaluation of Cutting-Tool Coating on the Surface Roughness and Hole Dimensional Tolerances during Drilling of Al6061-T651 Alloy." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2021): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071783.
Full textAbstract:
Aluminum alloys are soft and have low melting temperatures; therefore, machining them often results in cut material fusing to the cutting tool due to heat and friction, and thus lowering the hole quality. A good practice is to use coated cutting tools to overcome such issues and maintain good hole quality. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) and three types of cutting-tool coating (TiN/TiAlN, TiAlN, and TiN) on the surface finish, form, and dimensional tolerances of holes drilled in Al6061-T651 alloy. The study employed statistical design of experiments and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to evaluate the contribution of each of the input parameters on the measured hole-quality outputs (surface-roughness metrics Ra and Rz, hole size, circularity, perpendicularity, and cylindricity). The highest surface roughness occurred when using TiN-coated tools. All holes in this study were oversized regardless of the tool coating or cutting parameters used. TiN tools, which have a lower coating hardness, gave lower hole circularity at the entry and higher cylindricity, while TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN seemed to be more effective in reducing hole particularity when drilling at higher spindle speeds. Finally, optical microscopes revealed that a built-up edge and adhesions were most likely to form on TiN-coated tools due to TiN’s chemical affinity and low oxidation temperature compared to the TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN coatings.
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Gil Del Val, Alain, Fernando Veiga, Octavio Pereira, and Luis Norberto Lopez De Lacalle. "Threading Performance of Different Coatings for High Speed Steel Tapping." Coatings 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050464.
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Threading holes using tapping tools is a widely used machining operation in the industry. This manufacturing process involves a great tool immersion in the part, which involves both friction and cutting. This makes the use of coatings critical to improving tool life. Four coatings are used based on Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology—TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and TiAlN+WC/C are compared to uncoated tool performance. The effect of various coatings on the life of M12 × 1.5 tapping tools during threading of through holes 20 mm deep, in GG25 casting plates, dry and applying cutting speed of 50 m/min. The end-of-life criterion has been established based on a cutting torque of 16 N-m. Taking the uncoated tap as a basis for comparison, it is observed that coatings based on PVD technologies increase tool life doubling in the most advantageous case with the TiAlN coating. PVD type coatings provide better protection to wear at cylindrical area of the tool, where the thread profile is finished, than uncoated taps. The teeth located in the cone-cylinder transition zone of the taps suffer the most wear regardless of the coating. However, taps coated with TiAlN+WC/C wear level values is lowest of all the coatings tested, which indicates a strong reinforcement in these teeth.
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Matei, Alecs Andrei, Ramona Nicoleta Turcu, Ion Pencea, Eugen Herghelegiu, Mircea Ionut Petrescu, and Florentina Niculescu. "Comparative Characterization of the TiN and TiAlN Coatings Deposited on a New WC-Co Tool Using a CAE-PVD Technique." Crystals 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010112.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this work was to assess and compare the structure and mechanical properties of the TiN and TiAlN coatings deposited on a new WC-Co tool using the cathodic arc evaporation vacuum deposition (CAE-PVD) technique. The cutting tool was sintered at high temperature and high pressure using a powder tungsten carbide matrix ligated with cobalt (WC-Co). Powdered grain growth inhibitors (TiC, TaC, and NbC) were admixed into the matrix to enhance its strength and to facilitate the adhesion of the Ti base coatings. Detailed scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed, aiming to substantiate the effectiveness of the inhibitor additions. XRD data were thoroughly exploited to estimate the phase contents, average crystallite sizes (D), coating thicknesses (t), texture coefficients (Thkl), and residual stress levels (σ). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to calculate the average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square (Rq). The microhardness (µHV) was measured using the Vickers method. The TiAlN characteristics (D = 55 nm, t = 3.6 μm, T200 = 1.55, µHV = 3187; σ = −2.8 GPa, Ra = 209 nm, Rq = 268 nm) compared to TiN ones (D = 66 nm, t = 4.3 μm, T111 = 1.52, µHV = 2174; σ = +2.2 GPa, Ra = 246 nm, Rq = 309 nm) substantiate the better adequacy of the TiAlN coating for the WC-Co substrate. The structural features and data on the TiN and TiAlN coatings, the tool type, the different stress kinds exerted into these coatings, and the way of discrimination of the coating adequacy are the novelties addressed in the paper.
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Furuno, Masahiro, Koichi Kitajima, Yousuke Tsukuda, and Takeshi Akamatsu. "Effect of Ground Surface Roughness of Tool on Adhesion Characteristics of PVD Coating." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.609.
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This study investigated adhesion of coatings on a grinding surface. This was carried out using scratch testing as a function of surface roughness. Three types of coatings were explored: TiAlN, CrSiN and TiSiN. With smaller surface roughness, the coating adhesion showed a tendency to become stronger. In particular, in the case of surface roughness under 2 micrometers for a coating, the coating adhesion was good. Specifically, the CrSiN coating yielded a very smooth surface.
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Grigoriev, Sergey N., Marina A. Volosova, Sergey V. Fedorov, Mars S. Migranov, Mikhail Mosyanov, Andrey Gusev, and Anna A. Okunkova. "The Effectiveness of Diamond-like Carbon a-C:H:Si Coatings in Increasing the Cutting Capability of Radius End Mills When Machining Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020206.
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The main purpose of this paper was to study the efficiency of using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings based on a-C:H:Si with a pre-formed CrAlSiN sublayer to increase the cutting ability of ball end mills made of KFM-39 cemented carbide at a speed of 150–250 m/min in milling aircraft-grade Inconel 718, and to assess the DLC coating effect on the quality of the machined surface. DLC coating performance was quantified against uncoated carbide ball end mills and the proven TiN–AlN–TiAlN gradient multilayer coating at elevated temperatures measured by the natural thermocouple method. The temperature near the cutting edge is the factor determining the wear intensity in the tool contact surfaces in milling hard-to-machine nickel alloys to the greatest extent. Thermo-EMF (electromotive force) was recorded and converted into temperatures by calibration charts. The behavior of CrAlSiN–DLC and TiN–AlN–TiAlN coatings was compared with the results of high-temperature tribological tests on a ball-on-disc friction machine. For the CrAlSiN–DLC coating at cutting speeds of 150 and 200 m/min (<650 °C), the milling time until critical flank face wear (0.4 mm) was more than 67 and 50 min, respectively (1.4–1.5 times longer than an uncoated tool and about 1.3 times longer than the TiN–AlN–TiAlN coating). The CrAlSiN–DLC coating was characterized by a minimum adhesion amount.
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Maruda, Radosław W., and Natalia Szczotkarz. "The Influence of the Type of Coating on the Cutting Tool Wear During Turning Of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials 38, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2018-0008.
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Abstract The paper presents the influence of coatings applied with the use of PVD method on cutting tools on the wear of the tool and compares it with an uncoated P25 cemented carbide plate. During the experiment, two types of TiAlN coatings were used, applied in various proportions, as well as TiN coating. During the tests, the average width of the wear band on the flank face in B VBBzone and the width of KBcrater were monitored. Moreover, the scanning analysis of the tool was conducted in order to determine the intensity of adhesive wear. The lowest values of selected tool wear indicators were found out with the use of TiAlN coating applied in eight layers in the proportions 33/67% -TiN/TiAlN. The scanning analysis proved the highest adhesive wear of the uncoated P25 cemented carbide plate, as well as increased abrasive wear of the flank face and the formation of a crater in comparison with coated plates.
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Chiou, Yih Chih, and Yu Teng Liang. "Apply Image Registration to the Wear Measurement and Analysis of Different PVD-Coating Drills." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.489.
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PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) multilayer coatings were extensively used in cutting tools because of their relatively high wear and corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, hot hardness, and low coefficient of friction. The object of this study is to measure flank wear of dry cutting drills of different PVD coatings, including TiN, TiCN, and TiAlN by using drilling force experiments and machine vision technique incorporated with image registration technique. To obtain an optimal combination of cutting parameters quickly, we applied Taguchi method to plan the drilling experiment. The experimental results show that coating layer is the most important control factor for cutting and the TiAlN-coating drills generate least wear and thus has the longest tool life.
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Raaif, Mohamed. "Constructing and Characterizing TiAlN Thin Film by DC. Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering at Different Nitrogen/Argon Gas Ratios." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 14, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 5638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v14i2.7542.
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In this survey, the magnetron sputtering with Dc. Pulsed mode was embroiled to deposit TiAlN thin film on AISI 316 as a substrate. All the plasma magnetron parameters were fixed excluding the nitrogen gas ratio which was varied from 10% to 50% with step interval of 10% with respect to argon. The structure, mechanical, tribological and electrochemical peculiarities of TiAlN films were studied. The TiAlN deposition rate is decreased in regard with increasing the nitrogen gas ratio where, the film thickness recorded a maximum value of 3 µm at nitrogen gas ratio of 10 %. X-ray configurations demonstrated the formation of solid solution phase of TiAlN with different orientations. The TiAlN coating has (111) preferred orientation at 10 and 20% nitrogen gas ratios while has (200) preferred orientation at 30- 50% nitrogen gas ratios. The crystallite size is decreased with increasing the nitrogen gas ratio. The results depicted that, the microhardness of TiAlN film is increased with decreasing the nitrogen gas ratio and recorded a maximum value of approximately 850 HV0.015 at 10% N2. Additionally, the tribological properties of the coated AISI 316 with TiAlN are enhanced compared with the uncoated sample. The wear volume loss of the coated sample at 10% N2 has a value of nearly 9X104 µm3 which is low in comparison with AISI 316 substrate that has a value of 4.5X106 µm3. The corrosion resistance of all TiAlN coatings was better than the uncoated sample. It was demonstrated; the change in nitrogen gas ratio affected the physicochemical characteristics of the TiAlN coating.
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Wu, Yan, Zhiyuan Guo, Zhaoyang Li, Bing Wang, Qiang Chen, and Ergeng Zhang. "Study on bonding strength and layer structure design of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2324, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2324/1/012001.
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Abstract Compared with TiN coating and TiAlN coating, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has more outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has different physical properties from the substrate, which causes large internal stress at the interface, and reduces the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate. In this paper, according to the design criteria of nano-micron multilayer structure coating, a multilayer gradient TiAlSiN coating is designed to improve the bonding strength of TiAlSiN superhard coating, and studying the bonding strength and mechanical properties after high temperature oxidation of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coatings prepared by cathodic arc ion plating. The results show that the designed multilayer gradient structure TiAlSiN coating has four layers: TiN layer, TiAlN layer, TiAlSiN layer and TiSiN layer. The bonding strength of the TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating conforms to the industrial grade HF1 and it maintains good bonding properties and mechanical properties in a high temperature environment below 1000°C. It is expected to provide reference for the study and design of improving the bonding strength of the coating.
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Vijaya Prasad, Kaushik, Ratna Pal, and Vishnu Kuncham Rajendraprasad. "Optimization of Cutting Parameters during Dry Turning of Austenitic Stainless Steel Using nc-AlTiN/Si3N4, TiAlN, and TiN Coated Inserts." Journal of Materials 2016 (July 28, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3495698.
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The nc-AlTiN/Si3N4, TiAlN, and TiN coating were deposited using lateral rotating cathodes (LARC) technology on TNMG 160404 cemented carbide turning inserts. Ultrafine grain treated cemented carbide substrates were used in case of TiAlN and TiN inserts. The coated inserts were tested for their hardness and compositions were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The grain structures of coatings were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Dry cutting tests were performed on AISI 304 stainless steel to compare the performances of these coatings in terms of wear and surface finish imparted to workpiece. 3D confocal laser microscope was used to determine the flank wear. Grey relation analysis was carried out to optimize the machining parameters. Studies reveal that nc-AlTiN/Si3N4 coating showed the highest hardness of 28 GPa. The coating also shows a dense grain structure. Furthermore, in cutting tests even under severe dry cutting conditions, the wear observed was less than the other two coatings and surface finish imparted to work parts was less than 2 μm by this coating.
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Grenadyorov, A. S., A. N. Zakharov, V. O. Oskirko, D. V. Sidelev, K. V. Oskomov, and A. A. Solovyev. "Energy impact on the substrate during dual magnetron deposition of tialn coatings." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 11 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/65/11/31.
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The dependences of the energy flux density on the substrate and the specific energy transferred to the coating on duty cycle in the process of dual magnetron deposition of TiAlN coatings were obtained. It is shown that by decreasing the duty cycle from 40 to 6% the energy flux to the substrate is increased by 20-30% with unchanged average discharge power. Together with a decrease in the deposition rate of coatings in the high pulse power mode, there is a sixfold increase in the specific energy that the coating receives during growth. Thus, adjustment of the duty cycle can be considered as a way to control the energy impact on the sputtered coating, on which its structure and properties depend. It has been shown that TiAlN coatings obtained at low values of the duty cycle and a high level of energy impact on the substrate have high hardness and wear resistance.
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Szparaga, Ł., and J. Ratajski. "Pareto Optimal Multi-Objective Optimization of Antiwear Tialn/Tin/Cr Coatings." Advances in Materials Science 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2014-0001.
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ABSTRACT The multi-objective optimization procedure of geometry of TiAlN/TiN/Cr multilayer coatings was created. The procedure was applied to the multilayer coatings subjected to constant tangential and normal loads (Hertzian contact). In physical model Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers were treated as a continuous medium, thus in mathematical description of the stress and strain states in the coatings a classical theory of stiffness was used. Decisional variables used in procedure were thicknesses of Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers and decisional criteria were functions of the stress and strain fields in the coating and substrate. Using created optimization procedure, Pareto set of optimal values of layers' thicknesses were determined. Additionally, two methods of analysis of Pareto-optimal set were introduced and discussed.
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Muthuvel, Prem Ananth, and Rajagopal Ramesh. "Tribological Investigation of Nano Composite Coated Titanium Alloy Surfaces under Unidirectional Sliding." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.787.
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Industrial application of sliding components required to improve the tribological properties by increasing the surface hardness, friction and wear resistance. Modern modification of surface layers for friction applications combines surface texturing and filling of textured layers by wear resistant coatings of various compositions to improve its functional aspect and enhanced service life. Texturing of contact surfaces has a remarkable influence on their tribological properties, especially in the effect of wear and friction. This work proposes the coating of nano sized Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) by Magnetron Sputtering-Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) on the Titanium alloy (6Al-4V) substrate and study the performance of the coated surfaces by pin on disc tribometer. Two kinds of substrates were prepared one is the lapped surface and the other one is the textured surface by Laser beam machining. The Tribological performance of the wear resistant coatings on lapped and textured surfaces was experimentally investigated under various normal load conditions and the results were compared. Critical parameters such as friction coefficient, wear rate, wear volume, wear morphology and micro wear mechanism were investigated in this work. The coating surfaces and wear scars were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The results showed that the TiAlN coating on textured surfaces exhibited lower friction coefficient and wear rate than the TiAlN coating on lapped surfaces under same testing conditions.