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Journal articles on the topic 'Ti2AlNb alloys'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 May 2023

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1

Wu, Jie, Lei Xu, Rui Peng Guo, Zheng Guan Lu, Yu You Cui, and Rui Yang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo Alloys Joints with Electron Beam Welding." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.321.

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In this work, a Ti2AlNb based intermetallic alloy with the composition of Ti–22Al–24Nb–0.5Mo (at. %) pre-alloyed powder was firstly produced by gas atomization, and then fully dense powder metallurgy (PM) Ti2AlNb alloy was prepared by a hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) procedure. The HIPed alloy shows uniform microstructure with low number of porosities. In order to broaden the application field of PM Ti2AlNb alloys, electron beam welding (EBW) was proposed to join the intermetallics. The joint quality, microstructure and microhardness of PM Ti2AlNb alloy processed by EBW were characterized, and the results showed that the both base alloy and EBW joints have high metallurgy quality.

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2

Hang, Ye Chao, Hong Yan Wu, and Shi Juan Li. "Microstructure and Hot Corrosion Properties of Surface Plasma Alloyed Ti2AlNb-Based Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.388.

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Some unsatisfactory characteristics of Ti2AlNb-based alloys restrict its practical application, such as the insufficient high temperature oxidation, corrosion resistance and poor wear resistance. The double glow plasma surface chromizing can improve their wear resistance, however the hot corrosion properties of surface plasma chromised Ti2AlNb-based alloys were little investigated. The microstructure, composition and surface hot corrosion morphologies of Ti2AlNb-based alloy were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD of alloying layer indicated that the Cr-Nb alloy phase was the main composition, including the compact and uniform Cr2Nb phase, which was benefit to improve the hot corrosion properties of alloy.

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3

Polozov, Igor, Kirill Starikov, Anatoly Popovich, and Vadim Sufiiarov. "Mitigating Inhomogeneity and Tailoring the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Titanium Orthorhombic Alloy by Heat Treatment, Hot Isostatic Pressing, and Multiple Laser Exposures." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 4946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174946.

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Titanium orthorhombic alloys based on intermetallic Ti2AlNb-phase are attractive materials for lightweight high-temperature applications. However, conventional manufacturing of Ti2AlNb-based alloys is costly and labor-consuming. Additive Manufacturing is an attractive way of producing parts from Ti2AlNb-based alloys. High-temperature substrate preheating during Selective Laser Melting is required to obtain crack-free intermetallic alloys. Due to the nature of substrate preheating, the temperature profile along the build height might be uneven leading to inhomogeneous microstructure and defects. The microstructural homogeneity of the alloy along the build direction was evaluated. The feasibility of mitigating the microstructural inhomogeneity was investigated by fabricating Ti2AlNb-alloy samples with graded microstructure and subjecting them to annealing. Hot isostatic pressing allowed us to achieve a homogeneous microstructure, eliminate residual micro defects, and improve mechanical properties with tensile strength reaching 1027 MPa and 860 MPa at room temperature and 650 °C, correspondingly. Annealing of the microstructurally graded alloy at 1050 °C allowed us to obtain a homogeneous B2 + O microstructure with a uniform microhardness distribution. The results of the study showed that the microstructural inhomogeneity of the titanium orthorhombic alloy obtained by SLM can be mitigated by annealing or hot isostatic pressing. Additionally, it was shown that by applying multiple-laser exposure for processing each layer it is possible to locally tailor the phase volume and morphology and achieve microstructure and properties similar to the Ti2AlNb-alloy obtained at higher preheating temperatures.

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4

Wang, Wei, Ziru Han, Qingjuan Wang, Baojia Wei, Shewei Xin, and Yuan Gao. "Tribological Properties of Ti2AlNb Matrix Composites Containing Few-Layer Graphene Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070924.

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Ti2AlNb alloys with few-layer graphene were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to enhance the tribological properties (TP) of the composite materials. Microstructure characteristics of the original few-layer graphene (FLG), Ti2AlNb powders, and the sintered composites were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that FLGs were homogeneously distributed in the composites. Tribological results indicated that the coefficient of friction (COF) of the composites was reduced as the content of FLG increased. Compared with the pure Ti2AlNb alloy, the average COF of the composite with 1.0 wt.% FLG was decreased by 9.4% and the wear rate was decreased by 36%. Meanwhile, the microstructures of the worn surface showed that TiC particles and friction layers formed by residual FLGs were present on the surface of the composites after tribological test. It is proposed that Ti2AlNb alloys with FLGs presented the enhanced wear resistance.

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5

Li, Shi Qiong, Yun Jun Cheng, Xiao Bo Liang, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Recent Work on Alloy and Process Development of Ti₂AlNb Based Alloys." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.795.

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Ti2AlNb orthorhombic phase based alloys are the promising high temperature structural materials for aeronautical and aerospace industry because of their low density, high yield strength and excellent high temperature performance. In this paper, the recent work which has been carried out in CISRI on alloy and process of Ti2AlNb based alloys is presented. The work covers the development of the alloy design and microstructure control as well as the processing technology applied for producing good quality alloy ingots and fabricating various components. The progress obtained in application research of the alloys is addressed. The important role that the combination of TMP and the post-TMP treatment affects on the microstructure and thus on the properties of the alloys is emphasized.

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6

Chen, Wei, Lei Huang, Yaoyao Liu, Yanfei Zhao, Zhe Wang, and Zhiwen Xie. "Oxidative Corrosion Mechanism of Ti2AlNb-Based Alloys during Alternate High Temperature-Salt Spray Exposure." Coatings 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101374.

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This study investigates the corrosion damage mechanisms of Ti2AlNb-based alloys under high temperature, salt spray and coupled high temperature-salt spray conditions. This alloy was analysed in detail from macroscopic to microscopic by means of microscale detection (XRD, SEM and EDS). The results indicated that Ti2AlNb-based alloy surface oxide layer is dense and complete, and the thickness is only 3 µm after oxidation at 650 °C for 400 h. Compared to the original sample, the production of the passivation film resulted in almost no damage to Ti2AlNb-based alloy after 50 cycles of salt spray testing at room temperature. The tests showed that Ti2AlNb alloy shows good erosion resistance at 650 °C and in salt spray. However, this alloy had an oxide layer thickness of up to 30 µm and obvious corrosion pits on the surface after 50 cycles of corrosion under alternating high temperature-salt spray conditions. The Cl2 produced by the mixed salt eutectic reaction acted as a catalytic carrier to accelerate the volatilisation of the chloride inside the oxide layer and the re-oxidation of the substrate. In addition, the growth of unprotected corrosion products (Na2TiO3, NaNbO3 and AlNbO4) altered the internal structure of the oxide layer, destroying the surface densification and causing severe damage to the alloy surface.

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7

Polozov, Igor, Anna Gracheva, and Anatoly Popovich. "Interface Characterization of Bimetallic Ti-6Al-4V/Ti2AlNb Structures Prepared by Selective Laser Melting." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 8528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238528.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) of multimaterial components is a promising way of fabricating parts with improved functional properties. It allows for the combination of materials with different properties into a single component. The Ti2AlNb-based intermetallic alloy provides high temperature strength, while the Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy has good fracture toughness, ductility, and a relatively low cost. A combination of these alloys into a single component can be used to produce advanced multimaterial parts. In this work, Ti2AlNb/Ti-6Al-4V bimetallic structures were fabricated from pre-alloyed powders using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. The effects of high-temperature substrate preheating, post-processing by annealing, and hot isostatic pressing on defect formation, the microstructural evolution of the interface area, and the mechanical properties of the bimetallic samples were investigated. High-temperature substrate preheating during the SLM process was necessary to prevent reheat cracking of the Ti2AlNb part, while annealing and hot isostatic pressing post-processing improved the chemical and microstructural homogeneity of the transition zone and enhanced the tensile properties of the bimetallic structure.

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8

Illarionov, Anatoliy G., Stepan I. Stepanov, Inna A. Naschetnikova, Artemiy A. Popov, Prasanth Soundappan, K. H. Thulasi Raman, and Satyam Suwas. "A Review—Additive Manufacturing of Intermetallic Alloys Based on Orthorhombic Titanium Aluminide Ti2AlNb." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030991.

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Titanium alloys based on orthorhombic titanium aluminide Ti2AlNb are promising refractory materials for aircraft engine parts in the operating temperature range from 600–700 °C. Parts made of Ti2AlNb-based alloys by traditional technologies, such as casting and metal forming, have not yet found wide application due to the sensitivity of processability and mechanical properties in chemical composition and microstructure compared with commercial solid-solution-based titanium alloys. In the last three decades, metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers for the production of intermetallic alloys based on Ti2AlNb. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the production of O-phase-based Ti alloys using MAM, including the analysis of the feedstock materials, technological processes, machines, microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties. Powder bed fusion (PBF) and direct energy deposition (DED) are the most widely employed MAM processes to produce O-phase alloys. MAM provides fully dense, fine-grained material with a superior combination of mechanical properties at room temperature. Further research on MAM for the production of critical parts made of Ti2AlNb-based alloys can be focused on a detailed study of the influence of post-processing and chemical composition on the formation of the structure and mechanical properties, including cyclic loading, fracture toughness, and creep resistance.

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9

Braun, R., and C. Leyens. "Protective coatings on orthorhombic Ti2AlNb alloys." Materials at High Temperatures 22, no. 3-4 (January 2005): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mht.2005.052.

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10

Jiao, Xueyan, Zhiqiang Liu, Yong Wu, and Gang Liu. "Investigation on precision and performance for hot gas forming of thin-walled components of Ti2AlNb-based alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819007001.

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Ti2AlNb-based alloys have received considerable attention as potential materials to replace the nickel alloy at 600-750 °C, depending on their advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion and oxidation resistance. To realize the precision and performance control for Ti2AlNb-based alloy thin-walled components, the microstructure evolution was analyzed for setting up the unified viscoplastic constitutive equations based on the physical variables and simulating the forming process coupled between the deformation and the microstructure evolution. Through the finite element model with coupling of microstructure and mechanical parameters, the microstructure evolution and shape fabricating can be predicted at the same time, to provide the basis for the process parameters optimization and performance control. With the reasonable process parameters for hot gas forming of Ti2AlNb thin-walled components, the forming precision and performance can be controlled effectively.

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11

Ge, Fuguo, Bei Peng, João Pedro Oliveira, Wenchao Ke, Fissha Biruke Teshome, Yongmei Li, and Zhi Zeng. "Dissimilar Laser Welding of a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy to Ti2AlNb." Metals 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101578.

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NiTi-based shape memory alloys and the Ti2AlNb alloy have gained increasing importance in the aerospace field. The joining of these two materials can further increment the importance and usage of these relevant engineering materials and expand their potential applications. However, when joining NiTi-based shape memory alloys to Ti-based alloys, the formation of brittle Ti-rich intermetallic compounds often occurs, significantly limiting their functionality and use. Dissimilar joints between a NiTi shape memory alloy and Ti2AlNb alloy were obtained using a 0.1 mm thick Niobium (Nb) interlayer via laser welding. By process optimization, sound joints were obtained. The microstructure evolution was assessed by means of electron microscopy, whereas the mechanical strength of the joints was evaluated using lap shear tensile testing. The best performing joints were seen to fracture at maximum loads above 1230 N, thus allowing us to consider this dissimilar pair for structural applications.

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12

Zhang, Boxian, Chunhuan Chen, Jianchao He, Jinbao Hou, Lu Chai, and Yanlong Lv. "Spark Plasma Diffusion Bonding of TiAl/Ti2AlNb with Ti as Interlayer." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153300.

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To solve the problem of poor weldability between TiAl-based and Ti2AlNb-based alloys, spark plasma diffusion bonding was employed to join a TiAl alloy and a Ti2AlNb alloy with a pure Ti foil as interlayer at 950 °C/10 KN/60 min. After welding, slow cooling was carried out at a rate of 5 °C/min, followed by homogenization at 800 °C for 24 h. The microstructural evolution and elemental migration of the joint were analyzed via a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, while the mechanical properties of the joint were assessed via microhardness and tensile tests. The results show that the spark plasma diffusion bonding formed a joint of TiAl/Ti/Ti2AlNb without microcracks or microvoids, while also effectively protecting the base metal. Before heat treatment, the maximum hardness value (401 HV) appeared at the Ti2AlNb/Ti interface, while the minimum hardness value (281 HV) occurred in the TiAl base metal. The tensile strength of the heat-treated joint at room temperature was measured to be up to 454 MPa, with a brittle fracture occurring in the interlayer. The tensile strength of the joint at 650 °C was measured to be up to 538 MPa, with intergranular cracks occurring in the TiAl base metal.

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13

Liu, N., Y. L. Liu, Z. L. Zhao, H. O. Yang, and W. X. Xu. "The preparation of gradient titanium alloy through laser deposition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012118.

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Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) with continuous variation in composition or microstructure can realize gradient properties in different positions of the same component. The layer-by-layer laser deposition additive manufacturing is one of the most promising technologies that prepare FGMs with gradient properties. The present study is focused on the preparation of gradient titanium alloy by laser depositing Ti2AlNb powders on the substrate of a near-α high temperature titanium alloy. The microstructure, composition, and micro-hardness of prepared gradient titanium alloy with and without transition layer were compared and analyzed. Results show that an obvious bonding interface with variant microstructure morphology and element contents formed during directly deposited Ti2AlNb powders on near-α titanium alloy substrate and the bonding interface exhibits higher micro-hardness than the substrate and the deposited zone. However, the microstructure and the element exhibit gradient distribution characteristics along the deposition direction after adding the mixed powders of both two alloys as intermediate transition layers between the near-α titanium alloy and the Ti2AlNb alloy. The gradient distributed micro-hardness from the substrate to the top deposited zone sufficiently demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining gradient properties of gradient titanium alloy with composition transition layer during laser depositing.

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14

Chen, Xi, Zhao Zhang, Faqin Xie, Xiangqing Wu, Tiejun Ma, Wenya Li, and Dianjun Sun. "Optimizing the Integrity of Linear Friction Welded Ti2AlNb Alloys." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050802.

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The knowledge of process parameters–weld integrity-aging treatments–tensile property relationship is of great concern for linear friction welded (LFWed) Ti2AlNb-based alloy and requires a systematic characterization. Thus, the Ti2AlNb-based alloy was LFWed under various process parameters and then subjected to different aging treatments. Twelve welding conditions were used to evaluate the weld integrity, showing that impurities and cracks at weld interface can be eliminated under strong welding parameters and the feed rate has the greatest influence on the weld integrity among all process parameters. Relationships among aging temperatures, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties were investigated. After aging treatment, acicular O phase has precipitated in B2 grains both in the weld zone and thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ). The size of precipitated O phase increases along with the increase of temperature, and the α2 + O mixtures have finally decomposed into the aggregated acicular O phase. The microhardness and tensile strength of the joints have been enhanced due to the precipitation hardening of O phase and refined grain strengthening after aging treatments.

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15

Shagiev, M. R., R. M. Galeyev, Oleg R. Valiakhmetov, and Rinat V. Safiullin. "Improved Mechanical Properties of Ti₂AlNb-Based Intermetallic Alloys and Composites." Advanced Materials Research 59 (December 2008): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.59.105.

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Mechanical properties of a Ti2AlNb-based intermetallic alloy both at room and elevated temperatures were considerably improved due to formation of a homogeneous microstructure with the average grain size of about 300 nm. At room temperature, elongations up to 25% were obtained and the ultimate strength reached 1400 MPa. The alloy exhibited superplastic behavior in the temperature range of 850-1000°C. The maximum elongation of 930% and steady state flow stress 50 of about 125 MPa were obtained at 900°C and strain rate of 4.210-3 s-1. The nanostructured material was used for production of intermetallic sheets and multilayer composite plates consisting of alternating layers of orthorhombic intermetallic and commercial high temperature titanium alloy. Ti2AlNb-based sheets and composites exhibited improved mechanical properties.

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16

Wang, Yanju, Duo Zhou, Yi Zhou, Aixue Sha, Huaxing Cheng, and Yabin Yan. "A Constitutive Relation Based on the Johnson–Cook Model for Ti-22Al-23Nb-2(Mo, Zr) Alloy at Elevated Temperature." Crystals 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070754.

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Although several schemes have been proposed to modify the classical Johnson–Cook (J-C) model, the effect of temperature on the flow stress of materials at different temperatures has not been clarified. In the current study, to investigate the deformation behavior of Ti-22Al-23Nb-2(Mo, Zr) alloy at different temperatures, uniaxial tension experiments were performed at both room (RT, 28 °C) and elevated temperatures, and a modified J-C model was developed to describe the temperature-dependent plastic flow. In tensile experiments, Ti2AlNb-based alloy showed a continuous work hardening until reaching the ultimate strength at RT, while an apparent drop appeared in the flow stress after the peak stress at elevated temperature. Moreover, the experimental peak stress significantly depends on the testing temperature. To correctly describe the different variations of flow stresses at different temperatures, a parameter, S, which represents the softening behavior of flow stress, is integrated into the classical J-C model. In addition, the applicability and validity of the proposed J-C model were verified by calibration with experimental curves of different temperatures. On the other hand, the fractography of post-test specimens was examined to interrupt the increased fracture brittleness of Ti2AlNb-based alloy at elevated temperatures. The proposed constitutive relation based on the J-C model is applicable to predict the deformation behavior of other Ti2AlNb-based alloys at different temperatures.

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17

Zhang, Yaran, Yongchang Liu, Liming Yu, Hongyan Liang, Yuan Huang, and Zongqing Ma. "Microstructures and tensile properties of Ti2AlNb and Mo-modified Ti2AlNb alloys fabricated by hot isostatic pressing." Materials Science and Engineering: A 776 (March 2020): 139043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139043.

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18

Petrushynets, Lidiia, Oleh Novomlynets, Iurii Falchenko, Tetyana Melnychenko, and Leonid Radchenko. "STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING NICKEL-BASED INTERMEDIATE LAYERS WHEN WELDING TITANIUM ORTHOALUMINIDE WITH A NICKEL ALLOY." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 2(28) (2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-2(28)-38-51.

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Titanium aluminides have a low density and maintain high strength at elevated temperatures, which makes them prom-ising for the manufacture of aircraft engine elements. In the presented work, the problem of welding in the solid phase ortho-rhombic titanium aluminide based on the intermetallic compound Ti2AlNb and heat-resistant alloy ЭИ437Бon a nickel base is considered. A review of the state of the problem of welding heat-resistant alloy ЭИ437Бbased on nickel and titanium or-thoaluminide Ti2AlNb was carried out. It was established that the main problem in welding Ti2AlNb alloy with nickel alloy is a strong tendency to the formation of brittle phases in the joint zone, which negatively affect the mechanical properties. A promising method of joining this group of alloys is diffusion welding in a vacuum.The purpose of the work is to study the influence of multilayer and gradient foil on the formation of the zone of titanium orthoaluminide joints with a nickel-based alloy during vacuum diffusion welding.In the work, multilayer and gradient foil based on Al-Ni and Ni-Tisystems were used according to the original structure. The foils were obtained by electron beam evaporation and condensation in a vacuum. The deposition process consists in the layer-by-layer condensation of elements on a horizontal substrate.The work presents the method of conducting experiments, welding modes, chemical composition of materials and foil.The work shows for the first time that during the direct welding of titanium orthoaluminide with the ЭИ437Бalloy, as a result of the strong tendency ofthe materials to form brittle phases at the joint, a significant increase in microhardness is observed in the joint zone up to 2...4 times compared to the base material (up to 11.94 GPa). It was established that the useof layered foil (Ni/Ti, Al/Ni) as intermediate layers allows to significantly reduce the difference in microhardness values in the joint. At the same time, the microhardness in the central part of the joint zone reaches 6.69...8.79 GPa, which is close to the microhardness values of Ti2AlNb.The presented materials can be used as a basis for the development of welding technologies in the solid phase of heter-ogeneous titanium orthoaluminide materials with nickel-based alloys.

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19

Guo, He Ping, and Zhi Qiang Li. "Heat Treatment of Ti2AlNb Intermetallic and its Superplastic Properties." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.453.

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Ti2AlNb orthorhombic alloys exhibit great potential as advanced aerospace and structural materials serviced at elevated temperature. In this paper, pre-heat treatment of as-received hot rolling Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy was conducted. Fine, stable and equiaxed grain structure was obtained by the pre-heat treatment. The volume fraction of B2 increased when annealing at 980°C. The Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy showed characteristics of superplastic deformation when tested at 960°C. Maximum elongation of 280% has been obtained at strain rate of 1.0×10-4s-1.

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20

Polozov, Igor, Anna Gracheva, and Anatoly Popovich. "Processing, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti2AlNb-Based Alloy with Carbon, Boron, and Yttrium Microalloying." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081304.

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In this work, Ti-22Al-23Nb-0.8Mo-0.3Si-0.4C-0.1B-0.2Y (at. %) alloy powder was used to fabricate the Ti2AlNb-based alloy samples using Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) Additive Manufacturing with a high-temperature substrate preheating. L-PBF process parameters, including laser power, scan speed, hatching distance, and preheating temperature, allowing for obtaining fully dense (99.9% relative density) crack-free samples, were determined. The effects of substrate preheating temperature during the L-PBF process on microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the obtained Ti2AlNb-based alloy were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction analysis, and microhardness testing. The results obtained for the material with C, B, and Y microalloying were compared to the Ti2AlNb-based alloy fabricated by L-PBF from the powder not alloyed with C, B, and Y. The results revealed that the microalloying reduced the number of solidification cracks; however, no significant microstructural changes were observed, and high-temperature substrate preheating was still necessary to suppress cold cracking of the alloy. The microstructure of the alloy varied from fully-β/B2, B2 + O, to fully-O depending on the preheating temperature. Effects of hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.

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21

Xu, Run, Boyong Hur, Sugun Lim, and Younwook Kim. "The Relation of the Tensile & Shear Stress of Schmid & their Efficient Fracture Stress with Twins and Dislocations in TiAl Alloys." Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i01.001.

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It is reasonable within the range from 45 ° to 90 °. It shows that it is maximum of the efficient resolved tensile and shear stress at 90°. The twin is the most active around 45 ° roughly the most active range is 22.5 to 67.5°. Therefore we believe that the possibility of twin is relatively high. The effective stress according to s2eff=ss2+tc2-2sstc cos (90°+ϕ) and the adapted effective stress s2eff=ss2+tc2 likely excludes a little deviation with 0~4MPa in Ti2AlNb. The deviation is largest with 4MPa in ϕ of 42.5° in Ti2AlNb. The range rate is 0.5%. According to efficient stress & twins and dislocation happen at λ=45°and 90°.

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22

Wang, Xu, Sun, Zong, Chen, and Shan. "Study on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti2AlNb-Based Alloy under Canning Compression and Annealing." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090980.

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The influence of height reduction on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the Ti2AlNb-based alloy was investigated during canning compression and subsequent annealing. After the annealing treatment, the spheroidized B2 phase grains occurred because of partial recrystallization. Meanwhile, the texture evolution of the B2 phase and O phase were analyzed under the deformation degree, ranging from 25% to 75%. The results show that the mechanical properties of the post-annealed alloys were co-affected by the grain size and Schmid factor of the B2 phase. When the height reduction was less than 25%, the compression strength was mainly affected by the grain size. When the height reduction was higher than 50%, it was mainly dominated by the Schmid factor. When the deformation degree reached 75%, the recrystallized grain size decreased to 0.9 μm. Meanwhile, the Schmid factor of a {110}<001> slip system in B2 phase reduced to 0.34. Therefore, the yield strength of the Ti2AlNb alloy at room temperature increased from 892 MPa in the as-rolled condition to 935 MPa after the canning compression and annealing.

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23

Wang, Yan Qing, Zhao Gang Liu, Ben Shuang Sun, and Dong Xin Wang. "An Investigation of Several Nb-Ti-Al Based Alloys on Microstructure." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.727.

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Several Nb-Ti-Al based alloys have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscope (OM). It was found that the morphology of the B2/β phase was different from the O phase (Ti2AlNb) and δ phase (Nb3Al). The B2 phase can not be separated from the disordered β phase by metallography and XRD easily. And the typical morphology of O phase alloy is large herringbone structure. After that the aberrance of the lattice parameters was discussed in this article. The present result indicates in these alloys the lattice parameters were mainly determined by the ratio of Nb to Ti. As the ratio of Nb to Ti in alloys increased, the lattice parameters increased too.

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24

Singh §, A. K., B. Nageswara Sarma, and S. Lele. "Order–disorder transformation of the O phase in Ti2AlNb alloys." Philosophical Magazine 84, no. 27 (September 21, 2004): 2865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430410001720336.

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25

Zhang, Ya-ran, Qi Cai, Yong-chang Liu, Zong-qing Ma, Chong Li, and Hui-jun Li. "Evaluation of precipitation hardening in TiC-reinforced Ti2AlNb-based alloys." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 25, no. 4 (April 2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1591-x.

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26

Wu, Jie, Lei Xu, Zhengguan Lu, Bin Lu, Yuyou Cui, and Rui Yang. "Microstructure Design and Heat Response of Powder Metallurgy Ti2AlNb Alloys." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 31, no. 12 (December 2015): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2015.09.006.

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27

Ralison, A., F. Dettenwanger, and M. Schütze. "Oxidation of orthorhombic Ti2AlNb alloys at 800 °C in air." Materials and Corrosion 51, no. 5 (May 2000): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4176(200005)51:5<317::aid-maco317>3.0.co;2-w.

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28

LI, Yan-jun, Ai-ping WU, Quan LI, Yue ZHAO, Rui-can ZHU, and Guo-qing WANG. "Mechanism of reheat cracking in electron beam welded Ti2AlNb alloys." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 29, no. 9 (September 2019): 1873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)65095-8.

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29

Yao, Ze Kun, Chun Qin, Yong Quan Ning, Jing Xia Chao, Jian Wei Zhang, Zhong Gang Tan, and Zhang Long Zhao. "Structure Evolving at Bonding Interface of Dual-Alloys Jointed with Different Method under Coupling Action of Heat and Force." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.543.

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During near isothermal forging and heat treatment structure change of bonding interface in Ti3Al/TC11 and Ti2AlNb/TC11 dual alloys jointed with different method has been investigated. The results show that the solidification structure at dual-alloy joint welded by electron beam in vacuum has evolved into forging structure, columnar grains have been changed into equiaxed grains through breaking, crystal lattatice rebuild and re-crystallizing, and the mechanical bonding plus metallurgical bonding structure at joint welded by linear friction weld has transformed into metallurgy structure altogether, because constant high temperature during near isothermal forging can cause the diffusion of alloy elements and reconstruction of lattice structure.

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30

Naumov, S. V., D. O. Panov, R. S. Chernichenko, V. S. Sokolovsky, E. I. Volokitina, N. D. Stepanov, S. V. Zherebtsov, Е. B. Alekseev, N. A. Nochovnaya, and G. A. Salishchev. "Structure and mechanical properties of welded joints from alloy based on VTI-4 orthorhombic titanium aluminide produced by pulse laser welding." Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2023-2-57-73.

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Ti2AlNb-based alloys are promising materials for operation at high temperatures in aerospace industry. Meanwhile, the existing difficulties of weldability restrict opportunities of their application. This work is devoted to studies of welded joints from Ti2AlNb-based VTI-4 alloy, obtained using pulsed laser welding (PLW). The optimum PLW modes have been determined providing uniform faultless joint. The features of formation of external defects, internal pores, cracks and non-uniform penetration depth were detected depending on welding conditions. The main PLW parameters influencing on formation of welded joint are voltage and duration of laser pulse. It was demonstrated that at insufficient medium and high peak powers sawtooth seam roots and internal pores can be formed. However, at higher rates of energy input thermal hydraulic processes in welding bathe are violated, accompanied by metal splashing (spattering), heterogeneity of pulse imposition is observed. This leads to formation of cracks, higher porosity, heterogeneity of melting zone, and as a consequence, poor mechanical properties. Microstructure analysis of the welded joints obtained by means of PLW has demonstrated that the melting area is comprised of long dendritic grains of β phase, and the heat affected zone from two regions of β + α2 phases and β + α2 + O phases. Herewith, the achieved joint strength equals to ~80 % of the base metal produced using the optimum PLW mode.

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31

FENG, Guang-jie, Yan WEI, Bing-xu HU, Yi-feng WANG, De-an DENG, and Xiu-xia YANG. "Vacuum diffusion bonding of Ti2AlNb alloy and TC4 alloy." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 31, no. 9 (September 2021): 2677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(21)65684-4.

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32

Sun, Z., X. X. Zhu, H. Z. Chen, and L. X. Zhang. "Brazing of TiAl and Ti2AlNb alloys using high-entropy braze fillers." Materials Characterization 186 (April 2022): 111814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111814.

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33

Zhang, Yaran, Qi Cai, Zongqing Ma, Chong Li, Liming Yu, and Yongchang Liu. "Solution treatment for enhanced hardness in Mo-modified Ti2AlNb-based alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 805 (October 2019): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.07.149.

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34

Cai, Detao, Jichun Chen, Xianfeng Mao, and Chuanyong Hao. "Reheat cracking in Ti2AlNb alloy resistance spot weldments." Intermetallics 38 (July 2013): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2013.02.013.

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35

SHEN, Jun, and Aihan FENG. "RECENT ADVANCES ON MICROSTRUCTURAL CONTROLLING AND HOT FORMING OF Ti2AlNb-BASED ALLOYS." Acta Metallurgica Sinica 49, no. 11 (2013): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1037.2013.00607.

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36

Wang, Wei, Weidong Zeng, Dong Li, Bin Zhu, Youping Zheng, and Xiaobo Liang. "Microstructural evolution and tensile behavior of Ti2AlNb alloys based α2-phase decomposition." Materials Science and Engineering: A 662 (April 2016): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.058.

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37

Peng, Jihua, Yong Mao, Shiqiong Li, and Xunfang Sun. "Microstructure controlling by heat treatment and complex processing for Ti2AlNb based alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 299, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)01417-9.

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38

Li, Ping, Xiaohu Ji, and Kemin Xue. "Diffusion Bonding of TA15 and Ti2AlNb Alloys: Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 26, no. 4 (March 1, 2017): 1839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2555-4.

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39

Hagiwara, M., S. Emura, A. Araoka, B. O. Kong, and F. Tang. "Enhanced mechanical properties of orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-based intermetallic alloy." Metals and Materials International 9, no. 3 (June 2003): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03027045.

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40

Mao, Yong, and Masuo Hagiwara. "Tensile Properties and Creep Behavior of Compositional Modified Orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb Alloys." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1549.

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Several beta stabilizing elements such as Mo, Cr, W, V and Fe have been added to Ti- 22Al-27Nb alloy for substituting a portion of Nb in order to further improve the tensile properties and creep resistances of orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-based alloys. Six compositional modified alloys Ti- 22Al-19.2Nb-2Cr, Ti-22Al-12.5Nb-2W-2Cr, Ti-22Al-10.8Nb-2Mo-2Cr, Ti-22Al-16Nb-2Cr-2V, Ti-22Al-11Nb-2Mo-1Fe, Ti-22Al-16.3Nb-2V-1Fe were prepared by plasma arc melting. The phase constitutions of these alloys were found to be B2+O or B2+O+α2 phases. The tensile properties were investigated at room temperature, and the creep behaviors were investigated under 650oC/310MPa and 650 to 750oC/200MPa. The results showed that Mo+Fe and W+Cr addition improved effectively the 0.2% yield strength and creep resistance. Ti-22Al-11Nb-2Mo-1Fe alloy exhibited the lower transient creep strain and steady-state creep rate, and longer 1% creep-strain lifetime than Ti-22Al-27Nb alloy at 650 to 700oC creep. The dislocation-controlled creep deformation mechanism was suggested to the creep behaviors of the Mo+Fe-modified alloy.

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41

WU, Hong-yan, Ping-ze ZHANG, Wei CHEN, Ling WANG, Hao-feng ZHAO, and Zhong XU. "High-temperature tribological behaviors of Ti2AlNb-based alloys by plasma surface duplex treatment." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 19, no. 5 (October 2009): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60417-3.

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42

SONG, Hui, Zhong-jin WANG, and Xiao-dong HE. "Improving in plasticity of orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-based alloys sheet by high density electropulsing." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23, no. 1 (January 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(13)62425-5.

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43

Wu, Hongyan, Pingze Zhang, Ling Wang, Haofeng Zhao, and Zhong Xu. "The role of process parameters in plasma surface chromising of Ti2AlNb-based alloys." Applied Surface Science 256, no. 5 (December 2009): 1333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.07.076.

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44

Zhu, Fuhui, Heli Peng, Xifeng Li, and Jun Chen. "Dissimilar diffusion bonding behavior of hydrogenated Ti2AlNb-based and Ti-6Al-4V alloys." Materials & Design 159 (December 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.034.

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45

Bu, Z. Q., Y. G. Zhang, L. Yang, J. M. Kang, and J. F. Li. "Effect of cooling rate on phase transformation in Ti2AlNb alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 893 (February 2022): 162364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162364.

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46

Skvortsova, S. V., and A. Yu Zolotareva. "Influence of coatings on oxidation kinetics of intermetallide titanium alloys of Ti2AlNb and γ-TiAl systems." Corrosion: Materials, Protection, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1813-7016-2019-0-5-1-7.

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47

Zhao, Qing, Manqian Lv, and Zhenshan Cui. "Investigation on transformation-related recrystallization behavior of Ti2AlNb-based alloy." Intermetallics 138 (November 2021): 107302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2021.107302.

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48

Senkevich, K. S., O. Z. Umarova, and V. V. Zasypkin. "Embrittlement of an Orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-Based Titanium Alloy in a Hydrogenated State." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2019, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029519010130.

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49

Oglodkov, M. S., V. A. Duyunova, N. A. Nochovnaya, V. I. Ivanov, and L. Yu Avilochev. "FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING OF DEFORMED BLANKS FROM INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VIT1 FOR PARTS OF THE GAS TURBINE ENGINE." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 12 (2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-12-3-13.

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Intermetallic alloy based on a Ti2AlNb compound are the most promising high-temperature materials for gas turbine engines operating up to a temperature of 700 degrees Celsius. In this paper, the technology of hot pressure treatment of a cast billet on a plate with a thickness of 25 mcm is studied. The technology included three comprehensive forging of the ingot billet, forging by drawing the intermediate billet and its subsequent rolling to the final size. The influence of heat treatment on the macro and microstructure of plates is studied. The chosen scheme of hot deformation and the mode of heat treatment provides an increased level of mechanical properties in the plates.

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50

He, Dongsheng, Liuhe Li, Wei Guo, Guangzhi He, Peng Peng, Tianwei Shao, Heng Huan, Gongxuan Zhang, Guofeng Han, and Jianfeng Yan. "Improvement in oxidation resistance of Ti2AlNb alloys at high temperatures by laser shock peening." Corrosion Science 184 (May 2021): 109364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109364.

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