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1
Lutsenko, A. V., М. Yu Yushin, G. N. Genatullina, A. G. Tyrkov, A. K. Ayupova, L. V. Saroyants, A. A. Starikova, and M. A. Samotrueva. "Microbiological screening of compounds with potential anti-lep activity among new synthesis compounds of the pyrimidine series." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 38, no. 2 (April 10, 2023): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001//2073-8552-2023-38-2-218-226.
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Aim: To study the effect of new synthesized pyrimidine derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium lufu (M. lufu) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) when cultivated on Shkolnikova’s medium.Materials and methods. The objects of research were new synthesized derivatives of 6 samples of derivatives of pyrimidine - 5-(arylmethylidene)-2,4,6-pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trions under laboratory codes TAG1, TAG2, TAG3, TAG4, TAG5, TAG6 and 7 samples of 5-(getarylmethylidene)-2,4,6-pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H, 3H, 5H)-trions under the laboratory codes TAG7, TAG8, TAG9, TAG10, TAG11, TAG12, TAG13. M. lufu and M. tuberculosisH37Rv strains were used as test cultures. The antimycobacterial activity of the studied compounds was studied by the method of serial dilutions.Research results. All studied compounds were found to exhibit antimycobacterial activity. The greatest inhibitory effect against M. lufu was noted for TAG1, TAG4, TAG7, TAG12, and TAG13, which was comparable to that of the reference drug dapsone. By the nature of the inhibitory effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis, the compounds under the laboratory codes TAG 1, TAG 4, TAG 7 and TAG13 were comparable to isoniazid, and the effect of the TAG3 compound was even slightly superior to the reference drug.Conclusion. Among the studied new synthesized pyrimidine derivatives, compounds under the laboratory codes TAG1, TAG4, TAG 7 and TAG13 have the most pronounced antimicrobial activity both against M. lufu and M. tuberculosis, which allows us to consider them as the most promising substances for further research on the search for antimycobacterial, including antileprosy drugs.
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Bonnefoy, Florent, Maxime Bernier, Etienne Perret, Nicolas Barbot, Romain Siragusa, David Hely, Eiji Kato, and Frederic Garet. "Video-Rate Identification of High-Capacity Low-Cost Tags in the Terahertz Domain." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113692.
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In this article, we report on video-rate identification of very low-cost tags in the terahertz (THz) domain. Contrary to barcodes, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, or even chipless RFID tags, operate in the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB). These THz labels are not based on a planar surface pattern but are instead embedded, thus hidden, in the volume of the product to identify. The tag is entirely made of dielectric materials and is based on a 1D photonic bandgap structure, made of a quasi-periodic stack of two different polyethylene-based materials presenting different refractive indices. The thickness of each layer is of the order of the THz wavelength, leading to an overall tag thickness in the millimetre range. More particularly, we show in this article that the binary information coded within these tags can be rapidly and reliably identified using a commercial terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system as a reader. More precisely, a bit error rate smaller than 1% is experimentally reached for a reading duration as short as a few tens of milliseconds on an 8 bits (~40 bits/cm2) THID tag. The performance limits of such a tag structure are explored in terms of both dielectric material properties (losses) and angular acceptance. Finally, realistic coding capacities of about 60 bits (~300 bits/cm2) can be envisaged with such tags.
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Lu, Yongtao, Yiqian He, Weiteng Li, Zhuoyue Yang, Ruifei Peng, and Li Yu. "Comparison of Biomechanical Performance of Five Different Treatment Approaches for Fixing Posterior Pelvic Ring Injury." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5379593.
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Background. A large number of pelvic injuries are seriously unstable, with mortality rates reaching 19%. Approximately 60% of pelvic injuries are related to the posterior pelvic ring. However, the selection of a fixation method for a posterior pelvic ring injury remains a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. The aim of the present study is to investigate the biomechanical performance of five different fixation approaches for posterior pelvic ring injury and thus provide guidance on the choice of treatment approach in a clinical setting. Methods. A finite element (FE) model, including the L3-L5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and full pelvis, was created from CT images of a healthy adult. Tile B and Tile C types of pelvic fractures were created in the model. Five different fixation methods for fixing the posterior ring injury (PRI) were simulated: TA1 (conservative treatment), TA2 (S1 screw fixation), TA3 (S1 + S2 screw fixation), TA4 (plate fixation), and TA5 (modified triangular osteosynthesis). Based on the fixation status (fixed or nonfixed) of the anterior ring and the fixation method for PRI, 20 different FE models were created. An upright standing loading scenario was simulated, and the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were compared between different models. Results. When TA5 was applied, the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were the smallest (1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.7 mm) for all the injury cases. The displacements induced by TA3 and TA2 were similar to those induced by TA5. TA4 led to larger displacements at the sacroiliac joint (2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 4.8 mm, and 4.9 mm), and TA1 was the worst case (3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 6.3 mm, and 6.5 mm). Conclusions. The best internal fixation method for PRI is the triangular osteosynthesis approach (TA5), followed by S1 + S2 screw fixation (TA3), S1 screw fixation (TA2), and plate fixation (TA4).
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Samotrueva, M. A., N. M. Gabitova, G. N. Genatullina, A. A. Starikova, O. A. Bashkina, A. G. Tyrkov, A. A. Ozerov, and I. N. Tyurenkov. "Assessment of Antimycobacterial Activity of Newly Synthesized Pyrimidine Derivatives Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 4, 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-4-15.
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Background. The current trend of growing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms remains one of the urgent and significant problems of mankind. The constant spread of resistant strains of microorganisms requires the development of innovative methods and the search for medicinal compounds with a highly effective mechanism of action. One of these multi-resistant pathogens that are difficult to eradicate is the causative agent of tuberculosis — Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim is to study the effect of newly synthesized pyrimidine derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, as well as on the structural changes in cells.Material and methods. In order to assess the effect of a number of pyrimidine derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, 6 samples of 5-(arylmethylene) hexahydropyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (TAG1 — TAG6), 7 samples of 5-hetarylmethylidene-2,4,6-triones (TAG7 — TAG13), and 2 new samples of 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-one and 3-[2-(1-Naphthyl)-2-oxoethyl]quinazoline-4(3H)-one were screened under the laboratory ciphers VMA-13-03 and VMA-13-04 in the course of the study. M.tuberculosis H37RV strain was used as a test culture; it was provided by the bacteriological laboratory of the Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A. M. Nichoga. A 4-week culture of M.tuberculosis, synchronized by cold (+4°C) for 72 hours, was used to prepare a suspension of mycobacteria. The number of mycobacteria in the suspension was determined using the McFarland 0.5 turbidity standard. 0.2 ml of M.tuberculosis working suspension was added to each tube of a series of successive dilutions of the studied substances, including the control. The study was carried out in 4 series of replicates. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the compounds, at which no colony growth was detected, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration, at which mycobacterium growth was delayed by 50% compared to the control, were determined. Smears were prepared from the sediment for staining using theZiehl-Neelsen method to determine the presence of acid-resistant and non-acid-resistant forms of mycobacteria, as well as to study the effect of pyrimidines and a comparison drug on structural changes in M.tuberculosis cells.Results. In the course of the study, the TAG4, TAG6, and TAG8 compounds were found to have the closest antibacterial activity to the comparison drug isoniazid, according to the indicator of mycobacteria growth retardation. The greatest bactericidal activity against M.tuberculosis was observed in TAG4, TAG7, and VMA–13–04. The remaining compounds have shown minimal inhibitory effect on the growth of M.tuberculosis. Microscopic studies have shown that under the influence of TAG3, TAG4, TAG7, TAG12, VMA-13-03, and VMA-13-04, the main structural components of M.tuberculosis cells undergo fragmentation and morphological changes compared to mycobacterium cells without exposure.Conclusion. As a result, it was found that all the studied compounds possess antimycobacterial activity. Compounds under the laboratory ciphers TAG1, TAG4, TAG7, and TAG13 were comparable to isoniazid by the nature of the inhibitory effect on the growth of M.tuberculosis, and the TAG3 compound even slightly exceeded the effect of the comparison drug. Compounds under the laboratory codes VMA-13-03, and VMA-13-04 had the least pronounced anti-tuberculosis effect. Compounds under the laboratory codes TAG5, TAG6, TAG11, and TAG12 showed the least antimycobacterial activity.
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Samotrueva, M. A., N. M. Gabitova, G. N. Genatullina, A. A. Starikova, O. A. Bashkina, A. G. Tyrkov, A. A. Ozerov, and I. N. Tyurenkov. "Assessment of Antimycobacterial Activity of Newly Synthesized Pyrimidine Derivatives Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 4, 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-4-15.
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Background. The current trend of growing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms remains one of the urgent and significant problems of mankind. The constant spread of resistant strains of microorganisms requires the development of innovative methods and the search for medicinal compounds with a highly effective mechanism of action. One of these multi-resistant pathogens that are difficult to eradicate is the causative agent of tuberculosis — Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim is to study the effect of newly synthesized pyrimidine derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, as well as on the structural changes in cells.Material and methods. In order to assess the effect of a number of pyrimidine derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, 6 samples of 5-(arylmethylene) hexahydropyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (TAG1 — TAG6), 7 samples of 5-hetarylmethylidene-2,4,6-triones (TAG7 — TAG13), and 2 new samples of 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-one and 3-[2-(1-Naphthyl)-2-oxoethyl]quinazoline-4(3H)-one were screened under the laboratory ciphers VMA-13-03 and VMA-13-04 in the course of the study. M.tuberculosis H37RV strain was used as a test culture; it was provided by the bacteriological laboratory of the Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A. M. Nichoga. A 4-week culture of M.tuberculosis, synchronized by cold (+4°C) for 72 hours, was used to prepare a suspension of mycobacteria. The number of mycobacteria in the suspension was determined using the McFarland 0.5 turbidity standard. 0.2 ml of M.tuberculosis working suspension was added to each tube of a series of successive dilutions of the studied substances, including the control. The study was carried out in 4 series of replicates. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the compounds, at which no colony growth was detected, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration, at which mycobacterium growth was delayed by 50% compared to the control, were determined. Smears were prepared from the sediment for staining using theZiehl-Neelsen method to determine the presence of acid-resistant and non-acid-resistant forms of mycobacteria, as well as to study the effect of pyrimidines and a comparison drug on structural changes in M.tuberculosis cells.Results. In the course of the study, the TAG4, TAG6, and TAG8 compounds were found to have the closest antibacterial activity to the comparison drug isoniazid, according to the indicator of mycobacteria growth retardation. The greatest bactericidal activity against M.tuberculosis was observed in TAG4, TAG7, and VMA–13–04. The remaining compounds have shown minimal inhibitory effect on the growth of M.tuberculosis. Microscopic studies have shown that under the influence of TAG3, TAG4, TAG7, TAG12, VMA-13-03, and VMA-13-04, the main structural components of M.tuberculosis cells undergo fragmentation and morphological changes compared to mycobacterium cells without exposure.Conclusion. As a result, it was found that all the studied compounds possess antimycobacterial activity. Compounds under the laboratory ciphers TAG1, TAG4, TAG7, and TAG13 were comparable to isoniazid by the nature of the inhibitory effect on the growth of M.tuberculosis, and the TAG3 compound even slightly exceeded the effect of the comparison drug. Compounds under the laboratory codes VMA-13-03, and VMA-13-04 had the least pronounced anti-tuberculosis effect. Compounds under the laboratory codes TAG5, TAG6, TAG11, and TAG12 showed the least antimycobacterial activity.
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GANGAR, Akanksha, Sumana RAYCHAUDHURI, and Ram RAJASEKHARAN. "Alteration in the cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic machinery leads to decreased cell growth and triacylglycerol synthesis in oleaginous yeast." Biochemical Journal 365, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20011654.
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Altered nutrient content (levels of glucose) caused a drastic reduction in cell growth and triacylglycerol (TAG) production in the wild-type (WT) Rhodotorula glutinis. This was due to the decreased level of synthesis of TAG biosynthetic enzymes, reflected by a reduction in enzyme activity. A similar observation was made in the case of non-lethal mutants of TAG-deficient oleaginous yeast, namely TAG1 and TAG2, which were generated by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. Metabolic labelling of TAG-deficient cells with [14C]acetate, [32P]orthophosphate and [14C]mevalonate showed a negligible TAG formation with minimal alterations in phospholipid and sterol compositions. Assays on the activities of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes revealed that lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (ATs) were defective in TAG1 and TAG2 respectively. The activity of membrane-bound isoforms of TAG biosynthetic enzymes remains unaltered in the mutants. Analysis of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation indicated that the defective ATs were a part of the TAG biosynthetic multienzyme complex. Quantitatively, the cytosolic lysophosphatidic acid-AT was comparable between TAG1 and the WT. However, diacylglycerol-AT was relatively less in TAG2 than the WT. These results demonstrated that either by decreasing the nutrient content or mutating the enzymes of the soluble TAG biosynthetic pathway, TAG production was decreased with concomitant reduction in the cell growth.
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Konieczny, A., D. F. Voytas, M. P. Cummings, and F. M. Ausubel. "A superfamily of Arabidopsis thaliana retrotransposons." Genetics 127, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/127.4.801.
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Abstract We describe a superfamily of Arabidopsis thaliana retrotransposable elements that consists of at least ten related families designated Ta1-Ta10. The Ta1 family has been described previously. Two genomic clones representing the Ta2 and Ta3 elements were isolated from an A. thaliana (race Landsberg erecta) lambda library using sequences derived from the reverse transcriptase region of Ta1 as hybridization probes. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the Ta1, Ta2 and Ta3 families share greater than 75% amino acid identity in pairwise comparisons of their reverse transcriptase and RNase H genes. In addition to Ta1, Ta2 and Ta3, we identified seven other related retrotransposon families in Landsberg erecta, Ta4-Ta10, using degenerate primers and the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a highly conserved region of retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase. One to two copies of elements Ta2-Ta10 are present in the genomes of the A. thaliana races Landsberg erecta and Columbia indicating that the superfamily comprises at least 0.1% of the A. thaliana genome. The nucleotide sequences of the reverse transcriptase regions of the ten element families place them in the category of copia-like retrotransposons and phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences suggests that horizontal transfer may have played a role in their evolution.
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Mesele, Etsay, Ashenafi Teklay Yaekob, Melaku Mekonen Kasegn, Birhanu Kahsay Meresa, Micheale Yifter Weldemichael, Yisehak Tsegaye Redda, Genet Gebreyohanns, Roza Hadush, and Tesfakiros Semere. "Characterization of Rhizobia Isolated from Tigray Soil and Assessment of Their Effect on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Wheat and Field Pea." International Journal of Agronomy 2024 (April 30, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4787016.
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Nowadays, the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobia in leguminous and nonleguminous crops is given great emphasis as it improves germination and seedling vigor, resulting in increased yields. In this study, 32 rhizobia isolates were obtained from five different sampling sites in Tigray, Ethiopia. Based on morphological, biochemical, and confirmatory tests, including sugar fermentation, the isolates were identified as belonging to the rhizobia genera. In vitro assessment of plant growth-promoting properties revealed that all isolates produced indole-acetic-acid, ammonia, and solubilized phosphate, except TA8, which did not solubilize phosphate. Only 3 isolates (TA1, TA2, and TA8) produced hydrogen cyanide, so they can be used as biocontrol agents. Nineteen isolates showed a growth reduction activity against Fusarium oxysporum, with a percent inhibition range of 34.2%–65.8%. All isolates tolerated a pH range of 4.0–9.0. The isolates showed growth variations in various temperatures and salt concentrations. A few isolates were tolerant up to 45°C temperature and 6% (w/v) CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations. Inoculation of the isolates to wheat seeds increased seed germination, seedling shoot/root length, and seedling vigor index compared to the positive and negative controls. Isolates KO3, KO4, ME3, and TA5 increased seed germination by 4%. KO1 (11.60 cm) and TA7 (11.70 cm) showed a significantly enhanced shoot length, and ME3 showed a maximum root length (13.90 cm). SH1, KO2, and the positive control showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in pea seed germination (by 20%) compared to the negative control. The positive control had the longest field pea shoot (5.70 cm), and isolate TA9 had the longest field pea root (5.32 cm) compared to the negative control. Generally, the wheat and field pea seedlings responded differently to the inoculation of different isolates. This study shows that Tigray soils harbor a variety of rhizobia species, which can be used as plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agents.
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Aggarwal, Navidha, and Sandeep Jain. "A Synthetic Approach, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 5-(Arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 7 (2021): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23203.
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The extensive biological potential of thiazolidin-4-one and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties, the novel string of 5-(arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one has been synthesized and characterized. The synthesized derivatives were screened for antimicrobial potential using serial tube dilution method. The results showed that all the synthesized compounds have significant biological activity against the microorganisms being tested. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds TA2, TA3, TA4, TA9, TA10 and TA20 against the tested microbial strains was promising. Compound TA4 (2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)-5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)- thiazolidin-4-one) and TA2 (5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) showed promising antimicrobial activity against microbial strains. Compound TA9 (5-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was found to be the most effective towards B. subtilis. Compound TA10 (5-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-((5- methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was discovered to be the most potent against the Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds TA3 (5-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol- 2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) and TA20 (5-(2-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) were the most effective compounds against the fungal strain.
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Lee, Eui Su, and Han-Cheol Ryu. "Resonance Control of VO2 Thin-Film-Based THz Double-Split Rectangular Metamaterial According to Aspect Ratio." Photonics 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120966.
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The resonance characteristics of a double-split rectangular metamaterial based on a vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film were controlled according to the aspect ratio of the rectangle in the terahertz (THz) frequency region. The VO2 thin film line was etched between the double-split rectangular gaps so that the resonance band could be switched by varying the characteristics of the VO2 thin film. When the VO2 thin film is in an insulator state, the rectangle is separated and resonates individually; thus, it resonates in the high-frequency band. When the VO2 thin film changes from an insulator to a conductor with a change in the temperature, the divided rectangles are electrically connected to operate as a single resonator, and the resonant frequency shifts to a low-frequency band. Varying the aspect ratio of the rectangle changes the resonant frequency and resonance strength of the double-split rectangular metamaterial. If the aspect ratio is increased by fixing the width of the unit cell of the metamaterial and adjusting the height, the resonant frequency is lowered in all situations, regardless of the state of the VO2 thin film and the polarization of the incident THz wave. The resonant frequency and resonance strength of the double-split rectangular metamaterial proposed in this paper could be controlled stably through a change in only the aspect ratio, not the overall unit cell size. The proposed double-split rectangular metamaterial based on an etched VO2 thin film is expected to be essential for THz tag, sensing, and wireless communication applications.
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Deoghare, Chetana, Shruti Balaji, Savitha Dhandapani, Honey Srivastava, Anasuya Ganguly, and Rashmi Chauhan. "Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of copolymers of tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and itaconic anhydride." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc210828108d.
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This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of monomers itaconic anhydride (IA) and tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (TAG) as well as 4,6-di-O-acetyl-D-glucal (PSG). The homopolymers and copolymers of IA and TAG were synthesized via free radical copolymerization in bulk using azobisiso-butyronitrile as an initiator using different feed ratios of monomers. Their structural, molecular, and thermal characterization was done using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of copolymers was found in the range of 139-145 ?C. The highest Tg was found for IA-TAG2 copolymers, whereas IA-TAG4 copolymer showed lowest Tg. The molecular weight of the copolymers was in the range 5157-5499 g mol-1. The monomer TAG undergoes Ferrier rearrangement in water to give PSG. The antimicrobial activity of IA, TAG, PSG and IA-TAG copolymers was studied using the minimum microbicidal concentration-broth dilution method. TAG, IA, and PSG, as well as homopolymer and copolymers of IA and TAG are excellent antimicrobial agents.
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Oberlin, Daniel M. "Convolution with Measures on Curves in ℝ3." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 41, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1998-062-7.
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Xu, Jieru, Ruyue Du, Yue Wang, and Jinhui Chen. "Wound-Induced Temporal Reprogramming of Gene Expression during Agarwood Formation in Aquilaria sinensis." Plants 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12162901.
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Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. However, the transcriptional response of A. sinensis to mechanical wounding during the agarwood formation process is still unclear. Here, three five-year-old A. sinensis trees were mechanically damaged by a chisel, and time-series transcriptomic analysis of xylem tissues in the treated area (TA) was performed at 15 (TA1), 70 (TA2) and 180 days after treatment (TA3). Samples from untreated areas at the corresponding time points (UA1, UA2, UA3, respectively) were collected as controls. A total of 1862 (TA1 vs. UA1), 961 (TA2 vs. UA2), 1370 (TA3 vs. UA3), 3305 (TA2 vs. TA1), 2625 (TA3 vs. TA1), 2899 (TA3 vs. TA2), 782 (UA2 vs. UA1), 4443 (UA3 vs. UA1) and 4031 (UA3 vs. UA2) genes were differentially expressed (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched for secondary metabolic processes, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation processes. Most of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were more abundant in the TA groups, which included phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase. DEGs involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis were also identified. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, phosphomevalonate kinase and terpene synthase genes were significantly increased in the TA groups, promoting sesquiterpene biosynthesis in the wounded xylem tissues. The TF-gene transcriptomic networks suggested that MYB DNA-binding, NAM, WRKY, HLH and AP2 TFs co-expressed with genes related to lignin and sesquiterpene synthesis, indicating their critical regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of these compounds. Overall, our study reveals a dynamic transcriptional response of A. sinensis to mechanical wounding, provides a resource for identifying candidate genes for molecular breeding of agarwood quality, and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of agarwood formation in A. sinensis.
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Zhang, Yu, Hongwei Zhang, Haiyue Wang, Chenhao Wang, Peng Yang, Chen Lu, Yu Liu, Zhenyuan Xu, Yi Xie, and Jia Hu. "Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis identification of succinylation related proteins in pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection." PeerJ 11 (May 11, 2023): e15258. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15258.
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Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) are devastating cardiovascular diseases with a high rate of disability and mortality. Lysine succinylation, a newly found post-translational modification, has been reported to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, how succinylation modification influences TAAD remains obscure. Methods Ascending aortic tissues were obtained from patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA, n = 6), thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) with pre-existing aortic aneurysm (n = 6), and healthy subjects (n = 6). Global lysine succinylation level was analyzed by Western blotting. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and mass spectrometry. Succinylation-related proteins selected from the literature review and AmiGO database were set as a reference inventory for further analysis. Then, the pathological aortic sections were chosen to verify the proteomic results by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results The level of global lysine succinylation significantly increased in TAA and TAD patients compared with healthy subjects. Of all proteins identified by proteomic analysis, 197 common DEPs were screened both in TAA and TAD group compared with the control group, of which 93 proteins were significantly upregulated while 104 were downregulated. Among these 197 DEPs, OXCT1 overlapped with the succinylation-related proteins and was selected as the target protein involved in thoracic aortic pathogenesis. OXCT1 was further verified by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, and the results showed that OXCT1 in TAA and TAD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy donors (p < 0.001), which was consistent with the proteomic results. Conclusions OXCT1 represents novel biomarkers for lysine succinylation of TAAD and might be a therapeutic target in the future.
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Sieber, Jochen, Mark Weinheimer, Gail Kongable, Susan Riddle, Yung-Yeh Chang, and Frank Flacke. "In Silico Examination of Initiation of Long-Acting Insulin Analogs Toujeo Compared to Lantus Under 3 Dosing Titration Rules in Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Subjects." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 14, no. 5 (July 9, 2019): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819861586.
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Background: Despite the benefits and clinical necessity of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes (T2D), healthcare providers are reluctant to initiate insulin, and patients are reluctant to start it for several reasons, one of these being the complexity of insulin treatment. Patients and their healthcare providers can benefit from titration algorithms (TAs) or rules that assist with the initiation and titration of insulin, performing the calculations that are needed to safely initiate and conservatively adjust. Methods: The primary objective for this in silico study was to examine the effectiveness of 3 dose TAs (1-3) for optimization of basal insulin glargine (Gla-100 and Gla-300). In the simulations, 100 virtual subjects with T2D were included (50% men, age 62 ± 3 years, HbA1c 8.1% ± 2.9%, body weight 94 ± 16 kg). Subjects were studied under each TA (TA1 and TA2 fasting blood glucose [FBG] targets 90-130 mg/dL, TA3 FBG target 110-150 mg/dL). Initial dose of both insulins was based on 0.2 U/kg body weight. During 3 months, subjects reported their FBG to the LTHome web-based dose guidance system with a rules engine to safely guide long-acting insulin titration and maintenance. Subjects followed dose recommendations to reach designated FBG target ranges. Results: All subjects reached stable doses under all TAs with both Gla-100 and Gla-300 insulin, and 93 or more of the 100 subjects, depending on the assigned TA, achieved the target FBG range within the 3-month simulation for all TAs. Mean FBG was lowered (Gla-100: 155 ± 40 to 118 ± 11 mg/dL with TA1 and TA2 and 132 ± 12 mg/dL for TA3; Gla-300: 125 ± 14 with TA1 and TA2 and 134 ± 15 mg/dL with TA3). Calculated HbA1c improved from 8.1% ± 2.9% to 7.1% ± 2.5% for TA1 and TA2 and 7.5% ± 2.5% for TA3, a reduction of 0.9% and 0.6% over 3 months for both insulins. Three subjects on Gla-100 and one subject on Gla-300 experienced mild hypoglycemia. Conclusion: All TAs delivered safe dose recommendations with minimal hypoglycemia, leading to a stable glucose control in the majority of subjects.
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Nkwerem, Sunday Patrick, Samuel C. Ohaegbulam, Wilfred Mezue, Jude-Kennedy Chinedu Emejulu, Chika Anele Ndubuisi, and Geraldine Ifechukwu Nkwerem. "Lumbar Pedicle Dimensions Using CT Scan in Adults of South-Eastern Nigeria as Related to Transpedicular Fixation." Journal of West African College of Surgeons 14, no. 4 (July 18, 2024): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jwas.jwas_169_23.
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Abstract Background: Transpedicular fixation depends on accuracy of the entry points, angle of insertion and pedicular isthmus width for adequate screw insertion. Preoperative measurements of pedicle dimensions reduce the chances of failure during insertion. These pedicle dimensions (transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, and maximum length of purchase [MLP]) vary with sex and race. Such data, from a large-scale study, are not available for our population. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the dimensions of pedicle that are relevant for pedicle screw fixation in Southeast Nigerian population. Materials and Methods: A prospective multi-slice CT based clinical anatomy study done at Memfys Hospital for Neurosurgery, Enugu. This study is on the lumbar pedicle dimensions that are related to transpedicular fixation (transverse and longitudinal diameters of the pedicle, MLP, pedicle transverse and longitudinal angles of inclination). Sample size (273) was calculated with the confidence interval formula based on the number of patients that present for images. Consent and ethical approval were obtained. Results: The mean values are as follow: LD1 8.22 mm, LD2 7.73 mm, LD3 7.40 mm, LD4 7.16 mm, LD5 6.87 mm TD1 5.05 mm, TD2 5.31 mm, TD3 6.72 mm, TD4 8.27 mm, TD5 11.31 mm, MLP1 46.60 mm, MLP2 47.97 mm, MLP3 47.14 mm, MLP4 45.54 mm, MLP5 43.47 mm TA1 17.8°, TA2 19.34°, TA3 20.80°, TA4 22.00°, TA5 25.70° LA1 19.42°, LA2 18.61°, LA3 18.00°, LA4 17.09°, LA5 16.40°. Unlike transverse diameter, transverse angle, longitudinal dimension, longitudinal angle (LA), MLP there was significant correlation between age and mean LA. The mean values also correlated significantly with the gender. Conclusion: The mean values varied with the different vertebral levels and was good correlations between some of the parameters with age and gender.
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Chen, Yongfeng, Di Song, Qianqian Hou, Mengrui Ma, Xiaoyun Zhao, Tianzhi Yang, Huichao Xie, and Pingtian Ding. "A Novel Drug Self-Delivery System from Fatty Alcohol Esters of Tranexamic Acid for Venous Malformation Sclerotherapy." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020343.
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Venous malformation (VM), which causes severe damage to patients’ appearance and organ function, is one of the most common vascular malformations. At present, many drugs in clinical treatment cause various adverse reactions. Herein, we synthesized cationic amphiphilic gelators (TA6, TA8, and TA9) by introducing saturated carbon chains of different lengths to tranexamic acid (TA), which could self-assemble into low-molecular-weight gels (LMWGs) as drug delivery carriers by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. The rheological properties, gelation driving force and drug release profiles of TA6, TA8, and TA9 hydrogels were characterized, and the results indicated that the hydrogels prepared in this study possessed the typical characteristics of a gel and could release drugs slowly. More importantly, the TA9 gelator showed significant pharmacological activity, in that it served as both an active drug compound and a drug carrier. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that TA9 induced HUVECs death and hemolysis by destroying cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner, and caused cell death and hemolysis at a concentration of 0.09 µM/mL. Meanwhile, we found TA9 could interact not only with fibrinogen, but also with other endogenous molecules in the blood. After the administration of TA9 hydrogel for 15 days, macroscopic imaging and histological evaluation in mice and rabbits displayed obvious thrombi, inflammatory reactions, and venous embolization, indicating that the mechanism of the TA9 hydrogel in treating VM was involved in two processes. Firstly, the TA9 hydrogel relied on its mechanical strength to physically block veins and continuously release TA9, in situ, for targeted therapy. Then, TA9 destroyed endothelial cells and damaged venous walls critically, causing thrombi. Most excitingly, TA9 was hydrolyzed to TA by enzymes that inhibited the degradation of thrombi by plasmin to prolong the embolization time and to promote venous fibrosis. Compared with other clinically available sclerosants, the degradation of TA9 also empowered a better biocompatibility and biodegradability for the TA9 hydrogel. In conclusion, we synthesized a potentially safe and effective derivative of TA and developed a low-molecular-weight gel as a self-delivery system for TA in treating VM.
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Korkmaz, Gürkan, Mikael Holm, Tobias Wiens, and Suparna Sanyal. "Comprehensive Analysis of Stop Codon Usage in Bacteria and Its Correlation with Release Factor Abundance." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 44 (September 12, 2014): 30334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.606632.
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We present a comprehensive analysis of stop codon usage in bacteria by analyzing over eight million coding sequences of 4684 bacterial sequences. Using a newly developed program called “stop codon counter,” the frequencies of the three classical stop codons TAA, TAG, and TGA were analyzed, and a publicly available stop codon database was built. Our analysis shows that with increasing genomic GC content the frequency of the TAA codon decreases and that of the TGA codon increases in a reciprocal manner. Interestingly, the release factor 1-specific codon TAG maintains a more or less uniform frequency (∼20%) irrespective of the GC content. The low abundance of TAG is also valid with respect to expression level of the genes ending with different stop codons. In contrast, the highly expressed genes predominantly end with TAA, ensuring termination with either of the two release factors. Using three model bacteria with different stop codon usage (Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis), we show that the frequency of TAG and TGA codons correlates well with the relative steady state amount of mRNA and protein for release factors RF1 and RF2 during exponential growth. Furthermore, using available microarray data for gene expression, we show that in both fast growing and contrasting biofilm formation conditions, the relative level of RF1 is nicely correlated with the expression level of the genes ending with TAG.
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Wong, Tit-Yee, Sanjit Fernandes, Naby Sankhon, Patrick P. Leong, Jimmy Kuo, and Jong-Kang Liu. "Role of Premature Stop Codons in Bacterial Evolution." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 20 (August 15, 2008): 6718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00682-08.
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ABSTRACT When the stop codons TGA, TAA, and TAG are found in the second and third reading frames of a protein-encoding gene, they are considered premature stop codons (PSC). Deinococcus radiodurans disproportionately favored TGA more than the other two triplets as a PSC. The TGA triplet was also found more often in noncoding regions and as a stop codon, though the bias was less pronounced. We investigated this phenomenon in 72 bacterial species with widely differing chromosomal GC contents. Although TGA and TAG were compositionally similar, we found a great variation in use of TGA but a very limited range of use of TAG. The frequency of use of TGA in the gene sequences generally increased with the GC content of the chromosome, while the frequency of use of TAG, like that of TAA, was inversely proportional to the GC content of the chromosome. The patterns of use of TAA, TGA and TAG as real stop codons were less biased and less influenced by the GC content of the chromosome. Bacteria with higher chromosomal GC contents often contained fewer PSC trimers in their genes. Phylogenetically related bacteria often exhibited similar PSC ratios. In addition, metabolically versatile bacteria have significantly fewer PSC trimers in their genes. The bias toward TGA but against TAG as a PSC could not be explained either by the preferential usage of specific codons or by the GC contents of individual chromosomes. We proposed that the quantity and the quality of the PSC in the genome might be important in bacterial evolution.
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Lamrabet, Otmane. "The AL626 antibody recognizes an ALFA-tagged protein by western blot." Antibody Reports 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): e123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e123.
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Lima, Wanessa C., and Pierre Cosson. "The AL626 antibody recognizes an ALFA-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e129.
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Lima, Wanessa C., and Pierre Cosson. "The AI215 antibody recognizes an EPEA-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e130. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e130.
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Lima, Wanessa C., and Pierre Cosson. "The AI196 antibody recognizes a SPOT-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e136.
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Lima, Wanessa C., and Pierre Cosson. "AE391 and AF291 antibodies recognize an HA-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e133.
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Lima, Wanessa C., and Pierre Cosson. "AD946 and AF371 antibodies recognize a His-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e134. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e134.
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Lima, Wanessa C. "AF166 and AI179 antibodies recognize a Myc-tagged recombinant protein by immunofluorescence." Antibody Reports 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2020.e135.
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Pan, Dece, Youming Wu, Wei Dai, Tian Miao, Wenchao Zhao, Xin Gao, and Xian Sun. "TAG-Net: Target Attitude Angle-Guided Network for Ship Detection and Classification in SAR Images." Remote Sensing 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2024): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16060944.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection and classification has gained unprecedented attention due to its important role in maritime transportation. Many deep learning-based detectors and classifiers have been successfully applied and achieved great progress. However, ships in SAR images present discrete and multi-centric features, and their scattering characteristics and edge information are sensitive to variations in target attitude angles (TAAs). These factors pose challenges for existing methods to obtain satisfactory results. To address these challenges, a novel target attitude angle-guided network (TAG-Net) is proposed in this article. The core idea of TAG-Net is to leverage TAA information as guidance and use an adaptive feature-level fusion strategy to dynamically learn more representative features that can handle the target imaging diversity caused by TAA. This is achieved through a TAA-aware feature modulation (TAFM) module. It uses the TAA information and foreground information as prior knowledge and establishes the relationship between the ship scattering characteristics and TAA information. This enables a reduction in the intra-class variability and highlights ship targets. Additionally, considering the different requirements of the detection and classification tasks for the scattering information, we propose a layer-wise attention-based task decoupling detection head (LATD). Unlike general deep learning methods that use shared features for both detection and classification tasks, LATD extracts multi-level features and uses layer attention to achieve feature decoupling and select the most suitable features for each task. Finally, we introduce a novel salient-enhanced feature balance module (SFB) to provide richer semantic information and capture the global context to highlight ships in complex scenes, effectively reducing the impact of background noise. A large-scale ship detection dataset (LSSDD+) is used to verify the effectiveness of TAG-Net, and our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
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Zulfiqar, Umar, Saeed Ahmed, Nisar Ahmad, Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad Qasim Javed, Umair Younas, and Irfan Irshad. "Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility, and Blood Metabolite in Lohi Male Lambs." Insights in Animal Science 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.69917/ias.01.01-03.
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The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of tannic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and blood urea nitrogen in the Lohi male lambs. Fifteen animals with an average age of 9-10 months and live body weight of 26.4 ± 0.52 kg were selected randomly. Three total mixed rations (TA0, TA4, TA8) having tannic acid 0, 4 g and 8 g/animal/day, respectively were given to the lambs (n = 5/treatment) for a period of 60 days under a Completely Randomized Design. Data regarding dry matter intake, body weight gain, nutrients digestibility, feed efficiency and blood urea nitrogen were collected. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed among the treatments in dry matter intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and feed efficiency. The blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower (17.0 mg/dL) in the TA8 treatment group compared to the TA0 group (22.1 mg/dL; SE = 1.3), indicating the protein bypass characteristic of tannic acid. It was concluded that supplementation of tannin may not have appreciable effects on growth performance and digestibility of the nutrients in lambs, but bypass value of protein was increased.
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Morganti, L., M. Huyer, Gout PW, and P. Bartolini. "Production and characterization of biologically active Ala‐Ser‐(His)6‐Ile‐Glu‐Gly‐Arg‐human prolactin (tag‐hPRL) secreted in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 23, no. 1 (February 1996): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1996.tb00365.x.
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Human prolactin (hPRL) cDNA was obtained by screening of a pituitary cDNA library with a synthetic 21‐mer oligonucleotide and with rat PRL cDNA. For its expression, use was made of a vector, p3SN8, containing tac‐promoter‐controlled sequences for a bacterial cellulase leader joined to sequences coding for Ala‐Ser, a chromatographic affinity site consisting of six histidines and a Factor Xa cleavage site. The hPRL cDNA was inserted at the 3′ end of the cleavage‐site sequences. Expression in Escherichia coli led to secretion in the periplasmic space of a fully bioactive hPRL variant constituting authentic hPRL with a peptide tag, i.e. Ala‐Ser‐(His)6‐Ile‐Glu‐Gly‐Arg, at its N‐terminal. This tag‐hPRL could be rapidly and efficiently purified by metal‐chelate affinity chromatography. The correct processing and quality of tag‐hPRL was monitored by SDS/PAGE, Western‐blot analysis, immunoassay and Nb2‐lymphoma‐cell bioassay. Treatment with Factor Xa for tag removal was only partially successful. Periplasmic secretion of tag‐hPRL of the order of 0.7 micrograms/ml per A600 unit and one‐step purification indicate feasibility for tag‐hPRL production for in vitro diagnostic and research applications. This is the first report describing periplasmic secretion of a bioactive form of hPRL.
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MacVinish, L. J., and H. Galbraith. "A note on the concentrations of steroidal residues in tissues of mature female sheep implanted with trenbolone acetate." Animal Science 56, no. 2 (April 1993): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021371.
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Thirty-two Blackface female mature sheep weighing 45 kg on average were blocked by weight and randomly allocated 60 days before slaughter to be untreated controls (C) or subcutaneously implanted with 20 (TA1), 40 (TA2) or 60 (TA3) mg trenbolone acetate (TBA). Samples of blood were collected throughout the study and post-mortem samples of selected body tissues were analysed residues.Concentrations in blood of 17β-hydroxy-trenbolone (TBOH) peaked within 1 to 2 weeks of implantation and declined thereafter. Concentrations in blood of oestradiol-17β (OE) were elevated and generally increased with increasing dose levels of TBA. The highest concentrations of solvent extractable residues (TBOH for group TA3) ranged from 613 ng/kg in kidney to 130 ng/kg for rib muscle. Trenbolone-17β- glucuronide was detected in liver and kidney at maximum concentrations of 157 ng/kg and 94 ng/kg respectively. Implantation with TBA had no effect on concentrations of OE in any of the post-mortem tissues examined.
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Toffoli, Giuseppe, Erika Cecchin, Giuseppe Corona, Antonio Russo, Angela Buonadonna, Mario D'Andrea, Lara Maria Pasetto, et al. "The Role of UGT1A1*28 Polymorphism in the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 19 (July 1, 2006): 3061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.05.5400.
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Purpose UGT1A1*28 polymorphism has been associated with decreased glucuronidation of SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. This could increase toxicity with this agent. Patients and Methods In a prospective study, 250 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment. UGT1A1*28 polymorphism was investigated with respect to the distribution of hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity, objective response rate, and survival. Pharmacokinetics was investigated in a subgroup of patients (71 of 250) who had been analyzed with respect to toxicity and efficacy. Results UGT1A1*28 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicity (odds ratio [OR], 8.63; 95% CI, 1.31 to 56.55), which was only relevant for the first cycle, and was not seen throughout the whole treatment period for patients with both variant alleles TA7/TA7 compared with wild-type TA6/TA6. The response rate was also higher in TA7/TA7 patients (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.86) compared with TA6/TA6. A nonsignificant survival advantage was observed for TA7/TA7 when compared with TA6/TA6 patients (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.44). Higher response rates were explained by a different pharmacokinetics with higher biliary index [irinotecan area under the curve (AUC)×(SN38 AUC/SN38G AUC)] and lower glucuronidation ratio (SN38G AUC/SN38 AUC) associated with the TA7/TA7 genotype and a higher response rate, indicating that the polymorphism is functionally relevant. Conclusion The results indicate that UGT1A1*28 polymorphism is of some relevance to toxicity; however, it is less important than discussed in previous smaller trials. In particular, the possibility of a dose reduction for irinotecan in patients with a UGT1A1*28 polymorphism is not supported by the result of this analysis.
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Takagi, Hisato, and Takuya Umemoto. "Negative Association of Diabetes With Thoracic Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm." Angiology 68, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319716647626.
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We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with the presence of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) and/or thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through December 2015 using PubMed and OVID. For each study, data regarding DM prevalence in both the TAD/TAA and control groups were used to generate unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for DM and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Alternatively, an unadjusted and/or adjusted OR was directly abstracted from each individual study. Eleven eligible studies enrolling a total of 47 827 participants were included. A primary pooled analysis of all the 11 studies demonstrated that TAD/TAA was associated with significantly lower DM prevalence than controls (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31-0.59; P < .00001). Separate pooled analyses of 6 TAD case studies and 4 TAA case studies demonstrated TAD (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.61; P = .0003) and TAA (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.94; P = .02) were associated with significantly lower DM prevalence than controls. In conclusion, DM may be negatively associated with the presence of TAD/TAA.
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Pereira, Esdras E. B., Luciana P. C. Leitão, Roberta B. Andrade, Antônio A. C. Modesto, Bruno M. Fernandes, Rommel M. R. Burbano, Paulo P. Assumpção, et al. "UGT1A1 Gene Polymorphism Contributes as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study with Patients from the Amazon." Genes 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030493.
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Lung cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms in the world. Because it is a complex disease, its formation occurs in several stages, stemming from interactions between environmental risk factors, such as smoking, and individual genetic susceptibility. Our objective was to investigate associations between a UGT1A1 gene polymorphism (rs8175347) and lung cancer risk in an Amazonian population. This is a pilot study, case-controlled study, which included 276 individuals with cancer and without cancer. The samples were analyzed for polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 gene (rs8175347) and genotyped in PCR, followed by fragment analysis in which we applied a previously developed set of informative ancestral markers. We used logistic regression to identify differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between individuals. Individuals with the TA7 allele have an increased chance of developing lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.035; OR: 2.57), as well as those with related genotypes of reduced or low enzymatic activity: TA6/7, TA5/7, and TA7/7 (p = 0.048; OR: 8.41). Individuals with homozygous TA7/7 have an increased chance of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (p = 0.015; OR: 4.08). Polymorphism in the UGT1A1 gene (rs8175347) may contribute as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma in the population of the Amazon region.
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Bhavsar, Amit P., Terry J. Beveridge, and Eric D. Brown. "Precise Deletion of tagD and Controlled Depletion of Its Product, Glycerol 3-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase, Leads to Irregular Morphology and Lysis of Bacillus subtilisGrown at Physiological Temperature." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 6688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.22.6688-6693.2001.
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ABSTRACT Using a previously reported conditional expression system for use in Bacillus subtilis (A. P. Bhavsar, X. Zhao, and E. D. Brown, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:403–410, 2001), we report the first precise deletion of a teichoic acid biosynthesis (tag) gene, tagD,in B. subtilis. This teichoic acid mutant showed a lethal phenotype when characterized at a physiological temperature and in a defined genetic background. This tagD mutant was subject to full phenotypic rescue upon expression of the complementing copy oftagD. Depletion of the tagD gene product (glycerol 3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase) via modulated expression of tagD from the amyE locus revealed structural defects centered on shape, septation, and division. Thickening of the wall and ultimately lysis followed these events.
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Price, R. J., J. S. Lee, and T. C. Skalak. "Microvascular volume contribution to hemorrhage compensation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): H2085—H2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.6.h2085.
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Regulation of systemic blood pressure during small changes in blood volume is partially achieved by blood volume shifts from microcirculation to macrocirculation that cause a decrease in systemic hematocrit [LaForte, A., L. Lee, G. Rich, T. Skalak, and J. Lee. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 31): H190–H199, 1992]. Diameters of 4–100 microns arterioles and 5–80 microns venules in spinotrapezius muscles of anesthetized rats were measured during control conditions and immediately after a 13% (of total blood volume) hemorrhage to determine the role of the microvasculature in hemorrhage compensation. The Strahler orders, mean control diameters (microns), and posthemorrhage diameters (% of control) were as follows: TA2, 5.7 (91.2%); TA3, 8.7 (90.4%); TA4, 12.5 (85.4%); TA5, 31.4 (95.8%); AA, 39.6 (94.6%); CV2, 8.0 (94.7%); CV3, 14.8 (93.7%); CV4, 24.6 (95.2%); CV5, 41.5 (98.8%); and AV, 47.8 (97.8%), where TA, AA, CV, and AV designate transverse arteriole, arcade arteriole, collecting venule, and arcade venule, respectively. The diameter reductions were heterogeneous for arterioles and venules, with significant variation in small arterioles (< 25 microns), which exhibited dimensions ranging from 61 to 100% of control, whereas larger arterioles ranged from 81 to 100% of control. The data were used with an anatomic model to estimate the systemic hematocrit decrease (0.73%) and the blood volume shifted from the microcirculation to the macrocirculation (3.74% of total control blood volume). These results agree well with direct measurements of the systemic hematocrit decrease and thus provide the microvascular basis for the rapid blood volume shift during moderate hemorrhage.
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Zrckova, Monika, Ivana Capouchova, Marie Eliášová, Luboš Paznocht, Kateřina Pazderů, Petr Dvořák, Petr Konvalina, Matyáš Orsák, and Zdeněk Štěrba. "The effect of genotype, weather conditions and cropping system on antioxidant activity and content of selected antioxidant compounds in wheat with coloured grain." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 11 (November 1, 2018): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/430/2018-pse.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total content of carotenoids (TCC), anthocyanins (TAC), phenolics (TPC) and phenolic acids (PAs) in grain of selected pigmented wheat genotypes and traditional control cultivar cultivated under organic and conventional cropping systems in two-year trials. All of the evaluated parameters were significantly affected both by genotype and evaluated environmental factors. While in TPC, PAs and TCC the effect of years prevailed, TAC was affected mainly by genotype. The effect of genotype and year in TAA was comparable. TPC ranged from 581.71 mg/kg (control cv. Annie) to 723.60 mg/kg (cultivar with purple pericarp PS Karkulka), total PAs content from 711.77 mg/kg (cv. PS Karkulka) to 849.47 mg/kg (cv. Skorpion with blue aleurone). TCC varied from 1.56 mg/kg (cv. PS Karkulka) to 5.32 mg/kg (cv. Citrus with yellow endosperm). The highest TAC (63.23 mg/kg) was found in cv. Skorpion, the lowest (12.70 mg/kg) in cv. AF Jumiko with purple pericarp. Anthocyanins were not detected in cvs. Annie and Citrus. TAA varied from 162.68 mg/kg in cv. Annie to 226.71 mg/kg in breeding line KM 53-14 with blue aleurone. Higher TAA and antioxidants contents and lower grain yields were observed in organic cropping system and in drier year 2016.
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Klootwijk, Wim, Edith C. H. Friesema, and Theo J. Visser. "A Nonselenoprotein from Amphioxus Deiodinates Triac But Not T3: Is Triac the Primordial Bioactive Thyroid Hormone?" Endocrinology 152, no. 8 (June 7, 2011): 3259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1408.
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Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for metamorphosis in many species, including the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae, a marine invertebrate (amphioxus) living in warmer coastal areas. Branchiostoma expresses a TH receptor, which is activated by 3,3′,5-triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) but not by T3. The Branchiostoma genome also contains multiple genes coding for proteins homologous to iodothyronine deiodinases in vertebrates, selenoproteins catalyzing the activation or inactivation of TH. Three Branchiostoma deiodinases have been cloned: two have a catalytic Sec, and one, bfDy, has a Cys residue. We have studied the catalytic properties of bfDy in transfected COS1 cells by HPLC analysis of reactions with 125I-labeled substrates and dithiothreitol as cofactor. We could not detect deiodination of T4, T3, or rT3 by bfDy but observed rapid and selective inner ring deiodination (inactivation) of TA3 and 3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TA4). Deiodination of TA3 by bfDy was optimal at 25 C and 10 mm dithiothreitol. bfDy was extremely labile at 37 C, showing a half-life of less than 2 min, in contrast with a half-life of more than 60 min at 25 C. Deiodination of labeled TA3 was inhibited dose dependently by unlabeled TA3≈TA4>T4≈T3. Michaelis-Menten analysis yielded Michaelis-Menten constant values of 6.8 and 68 nm and maximum velocity values of 1.4 and 5.4 pmol/min·mg protein for TA3 and TA4, respectively. bfDy was not inhibited by propylthiouracil and iodoacetate and only weakly by goldthioglucose and iopanoic acid. In conclusion, we demonstrate rapid inactivation of TA3 and TA4 but not of T3 and T4 by the first reported natural nonselenodeiodinase. Our findings support the hypothesis that TA3 is a primordial bioactive TH.
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Liu, Dantong, Hongying Ji, and Zhenle Yang. "Functional Characterization of Three Novel Genes Encoding Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) from Oil-Rich Tubers of Cyperus esculentus." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz184.
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Abstract Cyperus esculentus is probably the only plant that is known to accumulate large amounts of oil in its tubers. However, the underlying metabolic mechanism and regulatory factors involved in oil synthesis of tubers are still largely unclear. In this study, one gene encoding type I diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) (CeDGAT1) and two genes encoding type II DGAT (CeDGAT2a and CeDGAT2b) from C. esculentus were identified and functionally analyzed. All three DGAT genes were found to be expressed in tuber, root and leaf tissues. CeDGAT1 is highly expressed in roots and leaves, whereas CeDGAT2b is dominantly expressed in tubers. Furthermore, the temporal expression pattern of CeDGAT2b is well coordinated with the oil accumulation in developing tubers. When each CeDGAT was heterologously expressed in triacylglycerol (TAG)-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana wild type or its TAG1 mutant with AtDGAT1 disruption, only CeDGAT2b showed the ability to restore TAG biosynthesis with lipid body formation in yeast mutant, enhance seed oil production of Arabidopsis wild type and rescue multiple seed phenotypes of TAG1 mutant. In addition, CeDGAT2b was shown to have a substrate preference for unsaturated fatty acids toward TAG synthesis. Taken together, our results indicated that CeDGAT2b from C. esculentus is an actively functional protein and is most likely the major contributor to tuber oil biosynthesis containing common fatty acids, in contrast to oil-rich seeds and fruits where DGAT1 plays a more central role than DGAT2 in oil production accumulating normal fatty acids, whereas DGAT2 is a primary regulator for oil synthesis rich in unusual fatty acids.
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Hasanaliyeva, Gultakin, Eleni Chatzidimitrou, Juan Wang, Marcin Baranski, Nikolaos Volakakis, Chris Seal, Eduardo A. S. Rosa, et al. "Effects of Production Region, Production Systems and Grape Type/Variety on Nutritional Quality Parameters of Table Grapes; Results from a UK Retail Survey." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121874.
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Grapes contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites and antioxidants that have been linked to a reduction of several chronic diseases. Here, we report results of a UK retail survey, which investigated the effect of the production region (Mediterranean vs. South Africa), grape type (white vs. red vs. black) and variety, and production system (organic vs. conventional) on antioxidant activity and concentrations of phenolic compounds in table grapes. Black grapes had ~180% total antioxidant activity (TAA), ~60% higher total phenolic content (TPC) and ~40 times higher anthocyanin concentrations (TAC) than white grapes, while red grapes had intermediate levels of TAA, TPC and TAC. The effects of season and production system and differences between varieties of the same grape type were substantially smaller. Grapes imported from Mediterranean countries in summer had a 14% higher TPC and ~20% higher TAA than grapes imported from South Africa in winter, and organic grapes had a 16% higher TPC and 22% higher TAA, but ~30% lower TAC than conventional grapes. Significant differences in TPC, TAA and/or TAC between organic and conventional grapes could only be detected for specific grape types, varieties and/or sampling years.
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Soto, Maria Elena, Lináloe G. Manzano-Pech, Verónica Guarner-Lans, Jorge A. Díaz-Galindo, Xicoténcatl Vásquez, Vicente Castrejón-Tellez, Ricardo Gamboa, Claudia Huesca, Giovanny Fuentevilla-Alvárez, and Israel Pérez-Torres. "Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile in the Thoracic Aneurysm of Patients with the Loeys-Dietz Syndrome." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5392454.
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Patients with the Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) have mutations in the TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and SMAD3 genes. However, little is known about the redox homeostasis in the thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) they develop. Here, we evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant profile in the TAA tissue from LDS patients and compare it with that in nondamaged aortic tissue from control (C) subjects. We evaluate the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). We also analyze some antioxidants from a nonenzymatic system such as selenium (Se), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and carbonylation, as well as xanthine oxidase (ORX) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions, were also evaluated. TAA from LDS patients showed a decrease in GSH, Se, TAC, GPx, GST, CAT, and TrxR. The SOD activity and ORX expressions were increased, but the Nrf2 expression was decreased. The results suggest that the redox homeostasis is altered in the TAA from LDS patients, favoring ROS overproduction that contributes to the decrease in GSH and TAC and leads to LPO and carbonylation. The decrease in Se and Nrf2 alters the activity and/or expression of some antioxidant enzymes, thus favoring a positive feedback oxidative background that contributes to the TAA formation.
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Jie, Yu. "Frontier poetry of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 8-1 (August 1, 2023): 04–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202308statyi27.
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Frontier poetry is the specific literature of the Tang Dynasty era. It tells about military campaigns against the enemies of China. It depicts the whole life world of the defenders of the country, for instance their exploits and everyday life, everyday features, feelings and emotions. A characteristic feature of this poetry is the borrowing of facts and plots from historical writings about the past of the empire to describe the events of the Tang time proper. All these characteristic features of frontier poetry are analyzed on the example of the poem of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.
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Shcherbak, V. I. "The “START” and “STOP” of the genetic code: Why exactly ATG and TAG, TAA?" Journal of Theoretical Biology 139, no. 2 (July 1989): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(89)80106-7.
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Arredouani, M. Simo, Haydn Kissick, Laura Dunn, Terry Strom, and Martin Sanda. "Breaking immune tolerance to prostate-associated tumor antigens through Tim-1 receptor (162.20)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 162.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.162.20.
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Abstract It has been suggested that one factor limiting cancer immunotherapy in clinical trials are immunological checkpoints that impede vaccine-induced anti-tumor responses. We postulate that manipulating lymphocytes and dendritic cells through the Tim-1 receptor, a membrane protein that regulates the vigor and differentiation of these cells, using an agonist monoclonal antibody could enhance cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses to prostate tumor-associated antigens. We used an approach that combines concomitant immunization against a model prostate tumor-associated antigen (TAA) SV40 Tag and treatment with an agonist anti-Tim1 antibody and assessed Tag-specific CTL responses two weeks later. Ab treatment of TRAMP mice resulted in elevated Tag-specific CTL in both spleen and prostate-draining lymph nodes, indicating that manipulating Tim1 results in circumventing immune tolerance to Tag antigen. We then tested this strategy for human epitopes derived from the prostate cancer-specific antigen ERG and SIM2 by combining anti-Tim1 antibody with an ERG- and SIM2-derived HLA-A2.1-restricted peptide vaccine in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice and showed that CTL responses to ERG and SIM2 epitopes are elevated in the presence of anti-Tim1 Ab. Further characterization of lymphocyte differentiation post-immunization/anti-Tim1 treatment revealed that major shifts in T cell differentiation occur. Our findings suggest that targeting Tim1 could be successfully combined with prostate cancer vaccines.
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Zhang, Yuewei. "Trans-catheter arterial p53-gene-embolization using gelatin sponge particles in treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e15024-e15024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15024.
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e15024 Background: Treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited due to patients’ poor condition, and resistance to both chemo- and radio-therapy. Trans-catheter embolization (TAE) or Trans-catheter chemo-embolization (TACE) is the most widely used locoregional treatment for advanced HCC. But no solid evidences support the beneficial effect of the chemotherapy in TACE. Many advanced HCC patients also can’t tolerate the locoregional chemotherapy. The p53 gene has multiple anticancer functions and does not have any of the immune-inhibitory effects of chemo- or radio-therapy. The objectives of this study are to investigate TAE plus recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene (rAd-p53) in treatment of advanced HCC. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with advanced, unresectable HCC were randomly to two groups: TAE plus p53 group (TAE-p53G), or TAE group (TAEG). The study patients included 56 males and 2 females with an average age of 62.5 (53-89) years old and with Child-Pugh score A or B (42 or 16, respectively). The patients received 3 times of TAE plus rAd-p53 for TAE-p53G or TAE only for TAEG, once in a month for 3 months. The TAE materials consist of gelatin sponge particles (GSP) alone or plus 2-4 x 1012viral particles of rAd-p53, mixed into 30 ml suspension. The study endpoints included response rate, one-year survival, liver function, and adverse effects. Results: After 3-5 days of the first treatment, CT scan showed deceased tumor density in all the study cases. At 6 months after the first treatment, based on the RECIST standard, 31.0% (9/29) and 51.7% (15/29) patients in TAE-p53G achieved a complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), respectively, versus 17.2% (5/29) and 37.9% (11/29) of CR and PR in TAEG, respectively. One-year survival rates were 79.4% and 60.7% with median survival time of 11.7 and 8.3 months for TAE-p53G and TAEG, respectively. There are no significant changes of liver functions in both groups after treatment. Mild or median fever was observed in all the patients in TAE-p53G. No serious adverse events or complications observed. Conclusions: TAE using GSPs plus rAd-p53 is effective and safe treatments for advanced HCC.
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Sadasivan, Sudha M., Yalei Chen, Nilesh S. Gupta, Ryan Sanii, Kevin R. Bobbitt, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Sean R. Williamson, Andrew G. Rundle, Deliang Tang, and Benjamin A. Rybicki. "Abstract 80: Change in B cell lymphocyte expression from the pre- to post-malignant prostate predicts disease aggressiveness." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-80.
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Abstract Background: Inflammatory cells such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (comprising T and B cells) are often present in prostate tissue undergoing tumorigenesis but their role in disease progression is unclear. The current study aims to characterize the expression dynamics of CD3, CD4 and CD20 lymphocytes from the pre- to post-malignant prostate environment and the association of these dynamics with aggressive prostate cancer. Methods: The study sample included 72 prostate cancer cases (44 whites and 28 African American) that underwent surgery as their primary treatment and had a benign prostate biopsy at least one year before diagnosis and were followed for biochemical recurrence (BCR). Counts of CD3-, CD4- and CD20-positive lymphocytes were quantified by immunohistochemistry using an automated multi-image processing procedure in pre-malignant benign biopsy (BB), tumor-adjacent benign (TAB) and malignant tumor glandular (MTG) regions of prostatectomy. A cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of time to BCR associated with inflammatory marker count in different regions of the prostate. Clustering was performed to identify similar trends of expression changes of CD3, CD4 and CD20 between the regions - BB, TAG and MTG using Time-series Anytime Density Peaks Clustering (TADPole). Results: The risk of BCR was significantly reduced in men who had an elevated CD20 count in the TAG (HR=0.80, p=0.01) after adjusting for race, age at diagnosis, PSA at the time of benign biopsy and the Gleason grade group. CD3 and CD4 counts in the prostate regions did not show any significant association to BCR. TADPole identified four main different patterns of CD20 expression changes across the BB-TAB-MTG regions namely 1) minimal to no change in expression between the regions (n=45 pairs); 2) high expression in BB/no expression in TAG/higher expression in MTG (n=3 pairs); 3) high expression in BB/higher expression in TAG/no expression in MTG (n=8 pairs); 4) no expression in BB/higher expression in TAG compared to MTG (n=16 pairs). In comparison to the reference group (Cluster 1), Cluster 4 was at 3.5 times higher risk of BCR with an adjusted HR of 3.5 (p=0.0184). Conclusion: Elevated CD20 expression in TAG was associated with less aggressive disease. Furthermore, cases that had CD20 expression highest in their benign prostate adjacent to tumor preceded by absence of CD20 expression in their pre-malignant benign prostate had the most aggressive disease course. Further studies are warranted to understand how CD20 lymphocyte dynamic changes influence prostate tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Sudha M. Sadasivan, Yalei Chen, Nilesh S. Gupta, Ryan Sanii, Kevin R. Bobbitt, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Sean R. Williamson, Andrew G. Rundle, Deliang Tang, Benjamin A. Rybicki. Change in B cell lymphocyte expression from the pre- to post-malignant prostate predicts disease aggressiveness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 80.
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Saleh Alqahtani, Wejdan. "https://awej.org/current-theses/." Arab World English Journal, no. 287 (July 20, 2022): 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/th.287.
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English Question Formation in the Saudi context has received very little attention. To the best of our knowledge, there are two studies conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA): one looked at the difficulties Saudi students faced when constructing English questions with specific regard to wh and yes/no questions, and the primary problems associated with their difficulties (Al-Hassaani, 2016). Another study analyzed the errors Saudi EFL learners made when forming wh questions and the reasons behind making them (Addaibani, 2017). Therefore, this current study is seen as the first study that aims to analyze Saudi students’ errors in constructing tag questions (canonical tag questions), wh questions, and yes/ no questions at King Khalid University (KKU). It found out the reasons behind making such errors and the difficulties that they faced when forming these English question types. For achieving this study’s aims, a mixed-method research approach was employed, and data were collected from grammatical tests and interviews (open-ended interviews). Saudi students’ errors were examined by using the grammatical test in which they were required to generate wh, yes/no, and canonical tag questions. Further, to examine Saudi students’ difficulties and causes of making errors, the researcher conducted open-ended interviews. After reaching out to the findings of this study, it showed disagreement with similar previous studies. First, the most difficult English type in terms of formation was wh questions, including the highest number of errors in the “Wrong Wh Question Word” category. Then tag questions (canonical tag questions) came to be in the second rank of difficulty, and “Mis-formation Alternating Forms” was the highest category of errors. Lastly, yes/no questions were the easiest ones for Saudi EFL learners, and the common type was the “Wrong Auxiliary” category. This current study has also revealed that some of the students’ errors were due to lack of practice and community as affected reasons, and intensive curriculum and unqualified teachers as less affected reasons.
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Ceylan, Zafer, and Turgay Çetinkaya. "Definition of textural deterioration in squid samples: Three different tools supported by microbial, visual and physico-chemical analysis." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.01.
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The aim of the present study was to reveal the textural profile changes like hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and adhesion supported by total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count (TMABc), pH, and some visual sensory characteristics in squid samples stored at 4 ºC. Three different Brookfield Texture Analyzer tools, named TA7, TA9, and TA18 were used to observe the textural changes more clearly. The difference of TMABc between the storage days reached from 4.32 log CFU/g to 6.32 log CFU/g. The hardness value of the squid samples, detected by TA18 and TA9 tools, increased while the hardness value obtained from TA7 was higher. The highest change in cohesiveness value in the squid samples was defined by the TA9 tool as ~63%. Once springiness values detected by TA9 were sharply decreased from 4.9 mm to 2.1 mm, those of TA7 and TA18 were slowly decreased. The most increase in adhesion value (0.08 mJ to 0.21 mJ) was obtained in the TA7 tool. Depending on the textural quality changes, the pH value was increased, and as visual and sensory, dark, or yellow spots were observed. The present study results revealed that especially the TA18 tool could be effectively used to determine the quality changes of the squid samples.
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Ryashentsev, D. S., and V. A. Burmistrov. "New diamond-like phases boron nitride TA-type." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 022067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022067.
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Abstract A theoretical study of the structure and electronic properties of three new polymorphic varieties of diamond-like phases of boron nitride, the atoms of which are in equivalent crystallographic positions, was carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The primary structures of these phases were built modelically from the corresponding carbon diamond-like phases by replacing carbon atoms with alternating boron and nitrogen atoms, so that an atom of one kind was surrounded by atoms of another kind. As a result of the calculations, the possibility of stable existence of new structural varieties of boron nitride was established: BN-TA1, BN-TA2, BN-TA3. The sublimation energy of new BN phases varies from 17.08 to 17.59 eV(BN)−1. The new BN polymorphs are wide-gap semiconductors with a band gap at the Fermi energy level from 3.6925 to 5.4565 eV.
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Hilali, Miloudi, Mustapha Bey, Salem Oubarka, and Ahmed Lebkiri. "Effects of Argan Cake (Argania Spinosa (L.,) Saptaceae) Substitution on the Growth Performance, Nutritional Value, and Economic Efficacy of Broiler Chickens." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (March 27, 2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.981.
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Argan cake is rarely used in poultry feed. It is proposed that this feedstuff can improve the quality of chicken meat while also lowering the cost of chicken production. The study's objective is to determine the effect of dietary supplemented argan cake on the growth performance and meat/carcass quality of Moroccan broiler chickens. This study included 30 one-week-old chicks. They are divided into three groups of ten subjects each (TA0, TA5, and TA10). Each corresponds to three types of experimental feed containing 0 percsent, 5%, and 10% argan cake supplemented/mixed with commercial poultry feed, respectively. The amount of feed consumed was measured on a daily basis, and the birds were weighed once a week. The average weight of broiler chickens in groups TA5 and TA10 that consume argan cake is significantly higher than in group TA0 at the end of the trial (more than 0.18 kg). According to the chemical analysis, the meat of broiler chickens from groups TA5 and TA10 is higher in protein (19.1 percent and 18.1 percent respectively). TA0, on the other hand, has a protein percentage of 15.1%. This research also demonstrates that the TA5 and TA10 groups are higher in essential minerals like Ca (19.1mg/kg) and Fe (12.1mg/kg).
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Gurke, B., and M. L. Armstrong. "D-Tag: Erasing the Tag of Gang Membership." Journal of School Nursing 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105984059701300203.
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