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Journal articles on the topic 'THz frequency range'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Kleine-Ostmann, Thomas, Christian Jastrow, Kai Baaske, Bernd Heinen, Michael Schwerdtfeger, Uwe Karst, Henning Hintzsche, Helga Stopper, Martin Koch, and Thorsten Schrader. "Field Exposure and Dosimetry in the THz Frequency Range." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2013.2293115.

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2

Nazarov, Maxim, O. P. Cherkasova, and A. P. Shkurinov. "Spectroscopy of solutions in the low frequency extended THz frequency range." EPJ Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819510008.

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3

Yashchyshyn, Yevhen, and Konrad Godziszewski. "A New Method for Dielectric Characterization in Sub-THz Frequency Range." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2017.2771309.

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4

Puc, Uroš, Andreja Abina, Anton Jeglič, Aleksander Zidanšek, Irmantas Kašalynas, Rimvydas Venckevičius, and Gintaras Valušis. "Spectroscopic Analysis of Melatonin in the Terahertz Frequency Range." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124098.

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There is a need for fast and reliable quality and authenticity control tools of pharmaceutical ingredients. Among others, hormone containing drugs and foods are subject to scrutiny. In this study, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and THz imaging are applied for the first time to analyze melatonin and its pharmaceutical product Circadin. Melatonin is a hormone found naturally in the human body, which is responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. In the THz frequency region between 1.5 THz and 4.5 THz, characteristic melatonin spectral features at 3.21 THz, and a weaker one at 4.20 THz, are observed allowing for a quantitative analysis within the final products. Spectroscopic THz imaging of different concentrations of Circadin and melatonin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in prepared pellets is also performed, which permits spatial recognition of these different substances. These results indicate that THz spectroscopy and imaging can be an indispensable tool, complementing Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, in order to provide quality control of dietary supplements and other pharmaceutical products.

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5

Cherkasova, O., M. Nazarov, and A. Shkurinov. "Properties of aqueous solutions in THz frequency range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 793 (January 2017): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/793/1/012005.

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6

Färber, E., N. Bachar, H. Castro, E. Zhukova, and B. Gorshunov. "Ca Doped YBCO Films in THz Frequency range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400, no. 2 (December 17, 2012): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/400/2/022018.

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7

Indrisiunas, Simonas, Evaldas Svirplys, Heiko Richter, Andrzej Urbanowicz, Gediminas Raciukaitis, Till Hagelschuer, Heinz-Wilhelm Hubers, and Irmantas Kasalynas. "Laser-Ablated Silicon in the Frequency Range From 0.1 to 4.7 THz." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2019.2939554.

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8

Montofre, Daniel Arturo, Rocio Molina, Andrey Khudchenko, Ronald Hesper, Andrey M. Baryshev, Nicolas Reyes, and Fausto Patricio Mena. "High-Performance Smooth-Walled Horn Antennas for THz Frequency Range: Design and Evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2019.2938985.

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9

Guseva, Victoria, Sviatoslav Gusev, Petr Demchenko, Egor Sedykh, and Mikhail Khodzitsky. "Optical properties of human nails in THz frequency range." Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 040306. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/jbpe16.02.040306.

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10

Vaks, Vladimir L. "High precision spectroscopy and imaging in THz frequency range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 486 (March 18, 2014): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/486/1/012002.

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11

Farid, A., N. J. Laurita, B. Tehrani, J. G. Hester, M. M. Tentzeris, and N. P. Armitage. "Inkjet Printed Wire-Grid Polarizers for the THz Frequency Range." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 38, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-016-0330-5.

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12

Naumenko, G., A. Aryshev, A. Potylitsyn, M. Shevelev, L. Sukhikh, N. Terunuma, and J. Urakawa. "Monochromatic coherent grating transition radiation in sub-THz frequency range." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 402 (July 2017): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.02.057.

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13

Katyba, G. M., I. N. Dolganova, K. I. Zaytsev, and V. N. Kulrov. "Sapphire Single-Crystal Waveguides and Fibers for Thz Frequency Range." Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques 14, no. 3 (May 2020): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1027451020030064.

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14

Knap, W., D. B. But, D. Couquillat, N. Dyakonova, M. Sypek, J. Suszek, E. Domracheva, et al. "Imaging and Gas Spectroscopy for Health Protection in Sub-THz Frequency Range." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 25, no. 03n04 (September 2016): 1640017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156416400176.

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An overview of main results concerning THz detection related to plasma nonlinearities in nanometer field effect transistors is presented. In particular the physical limits of the responsivity, speed and the dynamic range of these detectors are discussed. As a conclusion, we will present applications of the FET THz detectors for construction of focal plane arrays. These arrays, together with in purpose developed diffractive 3D printed optics lead to construction of the demonstrators of the fast postal security imagers and nondestructive industrial quality control systems. We will show also first results of FET based imaging that uses for contrast not only usual THz radiation amplitude, but also the degree of its circular polarization. Sub-THz high resolution gas spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful means to diagnose various diseases via exhaled breath analysis.

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15

Dyukov, D. I., A. G. Fefelov, A. V. Korotkov, D. G. Pavelyev, V. A. Kozlov, E. S. Obolenskaya, A. S. Ivanov, and S. V. Obolensky. "Comparison of the Efficiency of Promising Heterostructure Frequency-Multiplier Diodes of the THz-Frequency Range." Semiconductors 54, no. 10 (October 2020): 1360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782620100073.

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16

GUSEV Sviatoslav Igorevich, GUSEV Sviatoslav Igorevich, DEMCHENKO Petr S. DEMCHENKO Petr S, CHERKASOVA Olga P. CHERKASOVA Olga P, FEDOROV Vyacheslav I. FEDOROV Vyacheslav I, and KHODZITSKY Mikhail K. KHODZITSKY Mikhail K. "Influence of glucose concentration on blood optical properties in THz frequency range." Chinese Optics 11, no. 2 (2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20181102.0182.

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17

Priebe, S., D. M. Britz, M. Jacob, S. Sarkozy, Kevin M. K. H. Leong, Jennifer E. Logan, B. S. Gorospe, and T. Kurner. "Interference Investigations of Active Communications and Passive Earth Exploration Services in the THz Frequency Range." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 2, no. 5 (September 2012): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2012.2208191.

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18

Indrišiūnas, Simonas, Heiko Richter, Ignas Grigelionis, Vytautas Janonis, Linas Minkevičius, Gintaras Valušis, Gediminas Račiukaitis, Till Hagelschuer, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, and Irmantas Kašalynas. "Laser-processed diffractive lenses for the frequency range of 47 THz." Optics Letters 44, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.001210.

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19

Busch, Stefan F., Enrique Castro-Camus, Felipe Beltran-Mejia, Jan C. Balzer, and Martin Koch. "3D Printed Prisms with Tunable Dispersion for the THz Frequency Range." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 39, no. 6 (April 18, 2018): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-018-0488-0.

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20

Jastrow, C., T. Kleine-Ostmann, and T. Schrader. "Numerical dosimetric calculations for in vitro field expositions in the THz frequency range." Advances in Radio Science 8 (September 30, 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-8-1-2010.

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Abstract. Field exposition experiments have been initiated by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz – BfS) to examine genotoxic effects of THz radiation in vitro. Two different human skin cell types are exposed to continuous-wave radiation at six distinct frequencies between 100 GHz and 2.52 THz originating from different sources of THz radiation under defined environmental conditions. The cell containers are irradiated with free space power flux densities between 0.1 mW/cm2 and 2 mW/cm2 measured traceable to the SI units. For meaningful results, dosimetric calculations using the finite differences time-domain method have been performed in order to access the fields and consequently the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the cell layer.

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21

Mukherjee, Sankha S., and Syed S. Islam. "A novel double quantum well device for THz range frequency detection." Superlattices and Microstructures 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2006.11.003.

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22

Makhalov, Petr, Dmitri Lioubtchenko, and Joachim Oberhammer. "Semiconductor–Metal-Grating Slow Wave Amplifier for Sub-THz Frequency Range." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 66, no. 10 (October 2019): 4413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2019.2935312.

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23

Chiang, Pei-Yuan, Zheng Wang, Omeed Momeni, and Payam Heydari. "A Silicon-Based 0.3 THz Frequency Synthesizer With Wide Locking Range." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 49, no. 12 (December 2014): 2951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2014.2360385.

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24

Jeon, Tae-In, Geun-Ju Kim, Hyun-Jung Lee, Ju-Yul Lee, and Yung Woo Park. "Electrical and optical properties of polyacetylene film in THz frequency range." Current Applied Physics 5, no. 3 (March 2005): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2004.01.014.

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25

Pandey, Girijesh Narayan, Bhuveneshwer Suthar, Narendra Kumar, and Khem Bahadur Thapa. "Omnidirectional Reflectance of Superconductor-Dielectric Photonic Crystal in THz Frequency Range." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 34, no. 8 (July 14, 2021): 2031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-021-05962-3.

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26

Kato, Tomoyuki, Shigeki Watanabe, Takahito Tanimura, Thomas Richter, Robert Elschner, Carsten Schmidt-Langhorst, Colja Schubert, and Takeshi Hoshida. "THz-Range Optical Frequency Shifter for Dual Polarization WDM Signals Using Frequency Conversion in Fiber." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2649566.

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27

Kosiak, O. S., V. I. Bezborodov, and P. K. Nesterov. "WIDEBAND QUASI-OPTICAL POLARIZATION PHASE SHIFTER OPERATING IN THE THz FREQUENCY RANGE." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 76, no. 3 (2017): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v76.i3.30.

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28

Volz, Sebastian, and Bernard Perrin. "Si crystal thermal conductance in the THz frequency range by molecular dynamics." Physica B: Condensed Matter 316-317 (May 2002): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)00487-8.

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29

Liakhov, E., O. Smolyanskaya, A. Popov, E. Odlyanitskiy, N. Balbekin, and M. Khodzitsky. "Fabrication and characterization of biotissue-mimicking phantoms in the THz frequency range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 735 (August 2016): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/735/1/012080.

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30

Usanov, D. A., A. V. Skripal’, D. V. Ponomarev, and M. K. Merdanov. "A Matched Load Based on Bragg Structures for the THz-Frequency Range." Technical Physics Letters 44, no. 3 (March 2018): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785018030124.

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31

Mølster, Kjell Martin, Trygve Sørgård, Hugo Laurell, Carlota Canalias, Valdas Pasiskevicius, Fredrik Laurell, and Ulf Österberg. "Time-domain spectroscopy of KTiOPO4 in the frequency range 06–70 THz." OSA Continuum 2, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/osac.2.003521.

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32

Pi, Hailong, Tasmiat Rahman, Stuart A. Boden, Tianjun Ma, Jize Yan, and Xu Fang. "Integrated vortex beam emitter in the THz frequency range: Design and simulation." APL Photonics 5, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 076102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0010546.

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33

Todorov, Y., L. Tosetto, J. Teissier, A. M. Andrews, P. Klang, R. Colombelli, I. Sagnes, G. Strasser, and C. Sirtori. "Optical properties of metal-dielectric-metal microcavities in the THz frequency range." Optics Express 18, no. 13 (June 14, 2010): 13886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.013886.

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34

Komandin, G. A., V. I. Torgashev, A. A. Volkov, O. E. Porodinkov, I. E. Spektor, and A. A. Bush. "Optical properties of BiFeO3 ceramics in the frequency range 0.3–30.0 THz." Physics of the Solid State 52, no. 4 (April 2010): 734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783410040104.

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35

Crowe, Thomas W. "GaAs Schottky barrier mixer diodes for the frequency range 1?10 THz." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 10, no. 7 (July 1989): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011489.

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36

Moazami, Amin, Mahdieh Hashemi, and Najmeh Cheraghi Shirazi. "High Efficiency Tunable Graphene-Based Plasmonic Filter in the THz Frequency Range." Plasmonics 14, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-018-0812-5.

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37

Aly, Arafa H., Walied Sabra, and Hussein A. Elsayed. "Cutoff frequency in metamaterials photonic crystals within Terahertz frequencies." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 15 (March 14, 2017): 1750123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217501235.

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By employing the characteristics matrix method, we have investigated the transmission properties of one-dimensional dielectric–semiconductor metamaterial photonic crystals (PC) at Terahertz (THz) range theoretically. The numerical results show the appearance of cutoff frequency within THz range. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the constituents materials and the filling factor have a significant effect on the cutoff frequency. The proposed structure may be useful in many applications, particularly in THz frequency regions.

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38

Consolino, Luigi, Malik Nafa, Michele De Regis, Francesco Cappelli, Saverio Bartalini, Akio Ito, Masahiro Hitaka, et al. "Direct Observation of Terahertz Frequency Comb Generation in Difference-Frequency Quantum Cascade Lasers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041416.

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Terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intra-cavity difference frequency generation from mid-IR devices are an important asset for applications in rotational molecular spectroscopy and sensing, being the only electrically pumped device able to operate in the 0.6–6 THz range without the need of bulky and expensive liquid helium cooling. Here we present comb operation obtained by intra-cavity mixing of a distributed feedback laser at λ = 6.5 μm and a Fabry–Pérot device at around λ = 6.9 μm. The resulting ultra-broadband THz emission extends from 1.8 to 3.3 THz, with a total output power of 8 μW at 78 K. The THz emission has been characterized by multi-heterodyne detection with a primary frequency standard referenced THz comb, obtained by optical rectification of near infrared pulses. The down-converted beatnotes, simultaneously acquired, confirm an equally spaced THz emission down to 1 MHz accuracy. In the future, this setup can be used for Fourier transform based evaluation of the phase relation among the emitted THz modes, paving the way to room-temperature, compact, and field-deployable metrological grade THz frequency combs.

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39

Criado, A. R., C. de Dios, E. Prior, G. H. Dohler, S. Preu, S. Malzer, H. Lu, A. C. Gossard, and P. Acedo. "Continuous-Wave Sub-THz Photonic Generation With Ultra-Narrow Linewidth, Ultra-High Resolution, Full Frequency Range Coverage and High Long-Term Frequency Stability." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 3, no. 4 (July 2013): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2013.2260374.

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40

Spathmann, Oliver, Martin Zang, Joachim Streckert, Volkert Hansen, Mehrdad Saviz, Thomas M. Fiedler, Konstantin Statnikov, Ullrich R. Pfeiffer, and Markus Clemens. "Numerical Computation of Temperature Elevation in Human Skin Due to Electromagnetic Exposure in the THz Frequency Range." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 5, no. 6 (November 2015): 978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2015.2476962.

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41

Tkhorzhevskiy, Ivan L., Anton D. Zaitsev, Petr S. Demchenko, Dmitry V. Zykov, Aleksei V. Asach, Anastasiia S. Tukmakova, Elena S. Makarova, Anna V. Novotelnova, Natalya S. Kablukova, and Mikhail K. Khodzitsky. "Properties of Bi and BiSb Nano-Dimensional Layers in Thz Frequency Range." Solid State Phenomena 312 (November 2020): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.312.206.

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In the present paper we demonstrate and compare different properties of Bi and Bi1-xSbx thin films placed on polyimide (PI) substrate in frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 THz. Bi films with a thickness of 40, 105 and 150 nm have been studied as well as 150 nm Bi1-xSbx solid solutions with Sb concentration of 5, 8, 12 and 15 %. An effective refractive index and permittivity of whole substrate/film structures have been derived by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) method. These measurements have shown the positive phase shift in PI substrate with a thickness of 42 μm and revealed that it is barely transparent in studied frequency range, but the whole substrate/film structure provides the negative phase shift of terahertz wave. It was shown that the permittivity depends on mobility of charge carriers which is driven by film thickness and antimony content.

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42

Park, Junsung, Xueqing Liu, Trond Ytterdal, and Michael Shur. "Carbon Nanotube Detectors and Spectrometers for the Terahertz Range." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070601.

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We present the compact unified charge control model (UCCM) for carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) to enable the accurate simulation of the DC characteristics and plasmonic terahertz (THz) response in the CNTFETs. Accounting for the ambipolar nature of the carrier transport (n-type and p-type conductivity at positive and negative gate biases, respectively), we use n-type and p-type CNTFET non-linear equivalent circuits connected in parallel, representing the ambipolar conduction in the CNTFETs. This allows us to present a realistic non-linear model that is valid across the entire voltage range and is therefore suitable for the CNTFET design. The important feature of the model is that explicit equations for gate bias, current, mobility, and capacitance with smoothing parameters accurately describe the device operation near the transition from above- to below-threshold regimes, with scalability in device geometry. The DC performance in the proposed compact CNTFET model is validated by the comparison between the SPICE simulation and the experimental DC characteristics. The simulated THz response resulted from the validated CNTFET model is found to be in good agreement with the analytically calculated response and also reveals the bias and power dependent sub-THz response and relatively wide dynamic range for detection that could be suitable for THz detectors. The operation of CNTFET spectrometers in the THz frequency range is further demonstrated using the present model. The simulation exhibits that the CNT-based spectrometers can cover a broad THz frequency band from 0.1 to 3.08 THz. The model that has been incorporated into the circuit simulators enables the accurate assessment of DC performance and THz operation. Therefore, it can be used for the design and performance estimation of the CNTFETs and their integrated circuits operating in the THz regime.

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43

Consolino, Luigi, Francesco Cappelli, Mario Siciliani de Cumis, and Paolo De Natale. "QCL-based frequency metrology from the mid-infrared to the THz range: a review." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0076.

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AbstractQuantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are becoming a key tool for plenty of applications, from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to the THz range. Progress in related areas, such as the development of ultra-low-loss crystalline microresonators, optical frequency standards, and optical fiber networks for time and frequency dissemination, is paving the way for unprecedented applications in many fields. For most demanding applications, a thorough control of QCLs emission must be achieved. In the last few years, QCLs’ unique spectral features have been unveiled, while multifrequency QCLs have been demonstrated. Ultra-narrow frequency linewidths are necessary for metrological applications, ranging from cold molecules interaction and ultra-high sensitivity spectroscopy to infrared/THz metrology. A review of the present status of research in this field is presented, with a view of perspectives and future applications.

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44

Bilyk, V. R., and K. A. Grishunin. "Complex Refractive Index of Strontium Titanate in the Terahertz Frequency Range." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 4 (August 11, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-71-80.

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The recent progress in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy enables the accurate and reliable measurements of dielectric properties in comparison with the traditional far-infrared spectroscopy using an incoherent light source. The broadband THz-TDS is a powerful tool to determine the real and imaginary parts of a complex dielectric constant by the transmission which allows to detect the parameters of the soft modes in ferroelectrics. In this work, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to investigate the dependence of the complex refractive index of a single-crystal quantum paraelectric strontium titanate in the terahertz frequency range from 0.3 to 2 THz. It was shown that the low-frequency terahertz response of the material is determined by the soft phonon mode TO1. The measured experimental dependences showed a good agreement with the theoretical curves obtained from the analysis of the Lorentz oscillator model for the complex dielectric constant of strontium titanate. The obtained results are necessary for understanding the principle of possibility to manipulate the order parameter in ferroelectric materials and can be used to create energy-efficient memory devices with a speed of recording information close to the theoretical limit.

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45

Qi, Xin, Houxiu Xiao, Xiaotao Han, Zhenxing Wang, Donghui Xia, Pengbo Wang, and Liang Li. "A broad range frequency measurement method for continuous and pulsed THz waves." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 014710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120592.

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46

Armand, Damien, Yanko Todorov, FrÉdÉric Garet, Christophe Minot, and Jean-Louis Coutaz. "Study of the Transmission of Subwavelength Metallic Grids in the THz Frequency Range." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 14, no. 2 (2008): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2007.910766.

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47

Kumar, Narinder, Pawan Singh, Khem B. Thapa, and Devesh Kumar. "Electro-optical effect of the nCOOCB liquid crystal molecules under the terahertz frequency range: A theoretical approach." Journal of Physical Science 31, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2020.31.3.9.

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The homologous series of 4-cyano-4'-phenyl-phenol-alkanoates (nCOOCB) was studied under the influence of terahertz (THz) frequency range. The nCOOCB series has a re-entrant nematic phase, which is suitable for electro-optical properties under the THz frequency. The birefringence and order parameter expresses the twisting of the nematic phase at the higher frequency range. The director angle has fluctuated at a higher frequency range. The refractive index has remained constant at a higher frequency. The ionisation potential, electron affinity and Homo-Lumo energy gap continuously decrease with an extension of alkyl chain length; however, the dipole moment increases. The Homo-Lumo energy bandgap is reciprocal to the dipole moment.

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Liu Yang, 刘阳, 周海京 Zhou Haijing, 周前红 Zhou Qianhong, and 董志伟 Dong Zhiwei. "Numerical simulation on optical properties of subwavelength semiconductor sphere arrays in THz frequency range." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 6 (2013): 1440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20132506.1440.

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Idehara, Toshitaka, and Svilen Petrov Sabchevski. "Development and Applications of High—Frequency Gyrotrons in FIR FU Covering the sub-THz to THz Range." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 33, no. 7 (January 8, 2012): 667–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-011-9862-x.

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Ezerskaya, A. A., M. K. Serebryakova, I. V. Nazarova, and O. A. Smolyanskaya. "Scattering anisotropy of cellular cultures of leukemia lines in the THz frequency range." Physics of Wave Phenomena 22, no. 3 (July 2014): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1541308x14030091.

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