Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thumb'
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1
Huff, Hannah Katherine. "Thumb Twiddle Glossolalia| The Soumage." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523270.
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Thumb Twiddle Glossolalia: The Soumage is a collection of poetry written during my two years in the Master of Fine Arts Creative Writing Program at California State University, Long Beach. While the structure and subject matter of these poems vary, the synaesthetic fusion of sound and imagery is at the core of them all. I define this sonic-sensual ideal as the soumage and examine its usage within a network of other poetic and thematic elements. The appendices are ordered to loosely trace a narrative about recognizing and appreciating the peculiar beauty of that which is overlooked by society, with the soumage bolstering this reverence.
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Nanayakkara, Visakha Kumari. "Investigation of the thumb and foldable palm interaction for optimum design of thumb assistive mechanisms." Thesis, Kingston University, 2018. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/41932/.
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The unique musculoskeletal structure of the human hand brings in wider dexterous capabilities to grasp and manipulate a repertoire of objects than non-human primates. The orientation and the position of the thumb play an important role in this characteristic behaviour. The musculoskeletal arrangement at the base of the thumb facilitates grasp stability, maintains sufficient grasp force, and thumb's larger movement span compared to the fingers. Modelling these complex interactions about the mechanical axes of the joints is a challenging task. Even though there have been numerous attempts to develop anthropomorphic robotic hands, the musculoskeletal arrangement of the foldable palm with the thumb is not explored in detail in thumb kinematic modelling. Furthermore, biomechanical studies indicate that the people who do continuous and repetitive grasping and manipulation tasks are likely to develop thumb related impairments due to excessive musculoskeletal loading at the base joints of the thumb. Consequently, biologically informed wearable robotic assistive mechanisms can provide viable solutions to prevent occuring such injuries. Based on this perspective, this thesis proposes a simplified kinematic model of the thumb using a novel virtual palm-folding axis to abstract the essential musculoskeletal arrangement with the palm. The palmar arch formed when the thumb moves to reach the fingertips with respect to the palm is incorporated as the virtual joint axis in this model. The model validated using human demonstrations of precision grasping is used: 1) to find correlated activity using the thumb joint angles and 2) to test effective thumb assistive force directions when given at the kinematicallu accessible metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb. In this regard, this thesis hypothesizes that an external assistive force exerted at the MCP joint of the thumb will be most effective when applied perpendicular to the palm folding axis in terms of maximising the contribution at the thumb-tip as well as minimizing the projections on the vulnerable base joints of the thumb. The analytical results show strong linear relationships in certain pairs of thumb joint rotations in the torque space. The kinematic model also predicts a range of effective assistive force directions at the MCP joint of the thumb. Experiments conducted using an assistive tendon driven glove on human subjects validated the predictions made by the model showing that the assistive forces at the MCP joint, exerted perpendicular to the palm-folding axis, maximise the force gain at the thumb-tip. Finally, how to provide thumb assistance during reaching to grasp is explored. A single tendon loop configuration anchored to the MCP joint of the thumb is optimized using human thumb grasping data trajectories in order to provide an adaptive resultant assistive force vector in the thumb moving direction during reaching to grasp. In order to expand the resultant assistive force range, a double tendon loop is optimized by combining two separate tendon loops. These findings provide design guidelines for hand assistive mechanisms to maximize the efficacy of thumb external assistance.
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Turnow, Morgan T. "Efficacy of common stabilization techniques on protecting the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb:A cadaveric study." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524058783140667.
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Mak, Suk-han Anna. "Thumb base joints : comparison between standard and special radiographic projections /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22079142.
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Yu, Wei Shin Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Control of the human thumb and fingers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44591.
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In daily activities, hand use is dominated by individuated thumb and finger movements, and by grasping. This thesis focused on the level of ???independence??? of the digits and its relationship to hand grasps, from the level of the motor units to the level of synergistic grasping forces. Four major studies were conducted in healthy adult volunteers. First, spike-triggered averages of forces produced by single motor units in flexor pollicis longus (FPL) in a grasp posture showed small but significant loading of the index, but not other fingers. This reflected a neural rather than anatomical coupling, as intramuscular stimulation produced minimal effect in any finger. Also, FPL had a surprisingly large number of low-force motor units and this may account for the thumb???s exceptional dexterity and force stability compared with the fingers. Second, independent control of extensor digitorum (ED) was more limited than flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), as more ED motor units of a ???test??? finger were recruited inadvertently by extension than by flexion of adjacent digits. Third, ???force enslavement??? in maximal voluntary tasks was greater in digit extension than flexion. The distribution of force enslavement (and deficits) matched the pattern of daily use of the digits (alone and in combination), and reveals a neural control system which preferentially lifts fingers together from an object by extension but allows an individual digit to flex to contact an object so the finger pads can engage in exploration and grasping. Finally, during grasping, irrespective of whether a digit had been lifted from the object, coherence among forces generated by the digits was similar. In addition, the coherence between finger forces was independent of any contraction of the thumb, was stable over 2 months, and required no learning. The pattern of coherence between digital grasping forces may be closely related to the level of digit independence and daily use. Overall, the grasp synergy was remarkably invariant over the various tasks and over time. In summary, this thesis demonstrates novel aspects of the properties of FPL, the lack of complete independence of the digits, and robustness in the production of flexion forces in hand grasps.
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Zaborowski, Philippe S. "A novel input device for thumb control /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112597.
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This thesis project consists of developing a hand-held, one-thumb input device small enough to be placed on gestural controllers and providing performers with a simple way to select between multiple options with few movements of a thumb.Most commercial input devices for the thumb make the assumption that buttons are the de facto standard. However, buttons are not always the best solution especially where space is very limited. This project explores a new approach to input design by analyzing the thumb's movements and designing a suitable input device that can track them. The design progression from the first to the last prototype is presented in great detail.
The final prototype is compared to other existing one-thumb input devices used in gestural controllers and mobile computing. The shortcomings of each one-thumb input method is described with the final prototype presented as a possible solution in each case.
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Bonomi, Janine Hareau. "Reliability of the Hareau thumb opposition goniometer." Diss., NSUWorks, 2001. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/27.
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Johansson, Jonny. "Microelectronics for the thumb-size ultrasound measurement system /." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/44.
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麥淑嫻 and Suk-han Anna Mak. "Thumb base joints: comparison between standard and special radiographic projections." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223187.
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Xu, Xianhong. "Code memory compression technologies for embedded arm/thumb processors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442019.
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Zguricas, Julia. "Triphalangeal thumb a study of a congenital hand malformation /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13733.
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DOTTOR, ALBERTO. "MOTOR CONTROL OF THUMB-INDEX SYSTEM IN HEALTHY POPULATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1057767.
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Thumb and Index fingers are involved in many daily tasks, it is understandable how injuries, musculoskeletal, rheumatologic, and neurological diseases could affect hand function causing severe disability. The evaluation of motor control deficits of the thumb-index system is necessary to identify impairments and to propose specific therapeutic or surgical proposes.
Pinch maximal voluntary contraction is the most investigated parameter, it is a valid estimator of general hand function. However, thumb and index are rarely involved at their maximal contraction, usually they are used in precision pinches at low submaximal forces exerted for a short-to-long time. For this reason other parameters must be investigated.
In this dissertation, a multiparametric evaluation of thumb-index system was proposed. The battery of tests consisted of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of pinch grip (TP, tip pinch and PP, palmar pinch) and of the opposite movement (E, extension of thumb and index), the endurance (SC, sustained contraction), the accuracy and precision of pinch force in a pinch and release task (DC, dynamic contraction) and the force coordination between hands in a bimanual simultaneous task (BSC, bimanual strength coordination).
The tasks were measured with a measurement system consisted of two pinch gauges, connected to a PC, the visual feedback was displayed on a monitor through the graphical user interface of an ad-hoc developed software.
To be usable in the clinical context, it is important to check the reliability of the tasks and collecting data in healthy samples permits on the one hand to analyse how values changes as function of anthropometric variables, hand dominance, dexterity, and on the other hand to define the reference values to compare pathological populations.
Therefore this dissertation was conducted through test-retest reliability studies and cross-sectional studies to establish normative data of PP, TP, E MVCs, SC, DC and BSC in the Italian population.
All the tasks proved reliable and consistent, MVC and SC showed high reliability, DC and BSC reliability was lower but clinically suitable.
Strength, analysed through PP, TP, E MVCs, declined in line with the normal process of aging that also entails muscle fibers and the reduction of daily activities in older adults. In relative terms, E-MVC showed the highest strength loss in the over 75y. SC showed similar values in all age groups, variables of DC and BSC showed instead large effect related to age-decline. Women performed better than men only in SC, in MVC, DC and BSC men excelled. A hand dominance effect emerged only in TP and PP MVC. Correlations between tasks were very low to low, suggesting that different constructs were measured by the tasks.
This Ph.D. project proposed novel tasks to evaluate pinch motor control which were showed reliable in healthy people and their normative data were obtained, representing a useful aid in the clinical field.
The results become a starting point for future studies to highlight impairments of the thumb-index system in different neurological and musculoskeletal disorders and to guide the rehabilitation and the therapeutic intervention.
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NOGAMI, Hiroshi, Ryogo NAKAMURA, Takayuki MIURA, and Hitomi MAKINO. "Histological Analysis of Triphalangism Associated with Polydactyly of the Thumb." Thesis, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16796.
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Levinson, Jacob A. "Design and control of a robotic thumb using piezoelectric actuators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54514.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 38).
Although much more complex and maneuverable than their predecessors, today's anthropomorphic robotic hands still cannot match the dexterity of human hands. While most of these limitations are caused by inadequate sensor and control systems, the use of large, heavy, and stiff actuators can also contribute to dexterity problems. If we expect robotic hands to interact with humans and human objects, joint actuators must allow a compromise of strength and compliance. Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators exhibit a high back driveability which could facilitate this compromise. Although they have low displacement and force output, they are useful in fine control applications. When combined with a DC motor, PZT actuators can produce precise, delicate movements in robotic hands. To develop the novel DC-PZT hybrid system, the force and displacement capabilities of PZT actuators were first characterized with a simple one degree of freedom system. The data from this characterization was analyzed and used to develop a one degree of freedom thumb using a hybrid DC motor/PZT actuator system. To study system performance, a simple position control scheme was implemented for the DC motor and PZT actuators. The experimental results suggest that current PZT actuators, even when combined with a DC motor, cannot produce enough thumb tip force to mirror the functionality of the human hand. That said, improvements to the actuator could make PZT-actuated hands a future possibility.
by Jacob A. Levinson.
S.B.
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Wajon, Anne. "Prevention And Management Of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/918.
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The aim of the studies reported in this project was to examine factors associated with the prevention and management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, both in musculoskeletal physiotherapists and the general patient population. Two studies were undertaken to investigate factors associated with the aggravation of thumb pain in musculoskeletal physiotherapists. Study 1 was a survey of the prevalence of thumb pain, and allowed determination of the most aggravating spinal manipulative therapy technique. It identified that 83% of respondents complained of an aggravation of thumb pain due to the performance of spinal manipulative therapy techniques, with 85-87% of the painful respondents complaining of thumb pain aggravated by unilateral and central PA glides. Study 2 was conducted to determine whether the alignment of the joints of the thumb during performance of these glides was associated with thumb pain. This observational study of 129 musculoskeletal physiotherapists performing a PA glide identified that aligning the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints in extension was associated with a lower prevalence of work-related thumb pain. Therefore, it is suggested that musculoskeletal physiotherapists be taught to perform these techniques with the joints of their thumb in extension in an effort to reduce the development of work-related thumb pain. Furthermore, it is suggested that those who are unable to maintain this alignment voluntarily be provided with a thermoplastic thumb splint to maintain the extended alignment. Two studies were undertaken to investigate the conservative and surgical management of patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Study 3 was a randomised controlled trial conducted to compare the efficacy of a new thumb strap splint and an abduction exercise regimen against the standard approach to conservative management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, namely a short opponens splint and pinch exercise regimen. While there was no additional benefit of one approach over the other, all participants improved in the outcomes of pain, strength and hand function over the six-week period of intervention. Nevertheless, some people find that symptom relief from conservative intervention is inadequate and short-lived, requesting surgery for the treatment of disabling and persistent pain from trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Study 4 was a systematic review, conducted to determine evidence of efficacy of one surgical procedure over another. This review identified six randomised controlled trials of surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. While there was evidence of no difference in the reduction in weakness between the procedures, there was insufficient evidence to confirm that there was no difference in the outcomes of pain, contracture, hand function, or patient global assessment. Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence to conclude that trapeziectomy had significantly fewer adverse effects, and trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) had significantly more, when compared with the other procedures analysed in this review. It is suggested that the decision as to which intervention is most appropriate for a given patient be based upon the individual patient’s requirements, the extent of disease, and the demands placed upon the joint by domestic duties, work, leisure and recreational activities. The studies presented in this project assist in formulating preventative and management strategies for people with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.
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Wajon, Anne. "Prevention And Management Of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Pain." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/918.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe aim of the studies reported in this project was to examine factors associated with the prevention and management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, both in musculoskeletal physiotherapists and the general patient population. Two studies were undertaken to investigate factors associated with the aggravation of thumb pain in musculoskeletal physiotherapists. Study 1 was a survey of the prevalence of thumb pain, and allowed determination of the most aggravating spinal manipulative therapy technique. It identified that 83% of respondents complained of an aggravation of thumb pain due to the performance of spinal manipulative therapy techniques, with 85-87% of the painful respondents complaining of thumb pain aggravated by unilateral and central PA glides. Study 2 was conducted to determine whether the alignment of the joints of the thumb during performance of these glides was associated with thumb pain. This observational study of 129 musculoskeletal physiotherapists performing a PA glide identified that aligning the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints in extension was associated with a lower prevalence of work-related thumb pain. Therefore, it is suggested that musculoskeletal physiotherapists be taught to perform these techniques with the joints of their thumb in extension in an effort to reduce the development of work-related thumb pain. Furthermore, it is suggested that those who are unable to maintain this alignment voluntarily be provided with a thermoplastic thumb splint to maintain the extended alignment. Two studies were undertaken to investigate the conservative and surgical management of patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Study 3 was a randomised controlled trial conducted to compare the efficacy of a new thumb strap splint and an abduction exercise regimen against the standard approach to conservative management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, namely a short opponens splint and pinch exercise regimen. While there was no additional benefit of one approach over the other, all participants improved in the outcomes of pain, strength and hand function over the six-week period of intervention. Nevertheless, some people find that symptom relief from conservative intervention is inadequate and short-lived, requesting surgery for the treatment of disabling and persistent pain from trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Study 4 was a systematic review, conducted to determine evidence of efficacy of one surgical procedure over another. This review identified six randomised controlled trials of surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. While there was evidence of no difference in the reduction in weakness between the procedures, there was insufficient evidence to confirm that there was no difference in the outcomes of pain, contracture, hand function, or patient global assessment. Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence to conclude that trapeziectomy had significantly fewer adverse effects, and trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) had significantly more, when compared with the other procedures analysed in this review. It is suggested that the decision as to which intervention is most appropriate for a given patient be based upon the individual patient’s requirements, the extent of disease, and the demands placed upon the joint by domestic duties, work, leisure and recreational activities. The studies presented in this project assist in formulating preventative and management strategies for people with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.
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André, Malin. "Rules of Thumb and Management of Common Infections in General Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5183.
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This thesis deals with problem solving of general practitioners (GPs), which is explored with different methods and from different perspectives. The general aim was to explore and describe rules of thumb and to analyse the management of respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI and UTI) in general practice in Sweden. The results are based upon focus group interviews concerning rules of thumb and a prospective diagnosis-prescription study concerning the management of patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI or UTI. In addition unpublished data are given from structured telephone interviews concerning specific rules of thumb in acute sinusitis and prevailing cough.
GPs were able to verbalize their rules of thumb, which could be called tacit knowledge. A specific set of rules of thumb was used for rapid assessment when emergency and psychosocial problems were identified. Somatic problems seemed to be the expected, normal state. In the further consultation the rules of thumb seemed to be used in an act of balance between the individual and the general perspective. There was considerable variation between the rules of thumb of different GPs for patients with acute sinusitis and prevailing cough. In their rules of thumb the GPs seemed to integrate their medical knowledge and practical experience of the consultation. A high number of near-patient antigen tests to probe Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A tests) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests were performed in patients, where testing was not recommended. There was only a slight decrease in antibiotic prescribing in patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI examined with CRP in comparison with patients not tested. In general, the GPs in Sweden adhered to current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV) was the preferred antibiotic for most patients allocated a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection.
In conclusion, the use of rules of thumb might explain why current practices prevail in spite of educational efforts. One way to change practice could be to identify and evaluate rules of thumb used by GPs and disseminate well adapted rules. The use of diagnostic tests in patients with infectious illnesses in general practice needs critical appraisal before introduction as well as continuing surveillance. The use of rules of thumb by GPs might be one explanation for variation in practice and irrational prescribing of antibiotics in patients with infectious conditions.
On the day of the public defence the status of the articles IV and V was: Accepted.
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André, Malin. "Rules of thumb and management of common infections in general practice /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5183.
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Sillem, Helia Suzanne. "Comparison of two carpometacarpal stabilizing splints for individuals with thumb osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11099.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of two different splints on hand function, pain and hand strength in adults with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA): the prefabricated neoprene Comfort CoolTM a long opponens design, and a custom-made thermoplastic and neoprene splint, the Hybrid, a short opponens design.
STUDY DESIGN: Equivalence trial, 2 phase crossover design.
METHODS AND MEASURES: Participants with CMC OA from 3 out-patient clinics were assigned randomly to splint order in a 2 phase crossover trial. Each splint was worn for 4 weeks separated by a 1 week wash-out period. Hand function, the primary outcome, was assessed using the Australian Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN) numerical rating scale (NRS) version. Secondary outcomes included pain (AUSCAN pain subscale), and grip and lateral pinch strength measured with dynamometers. Participants were assessed at baseline, after each splint phase and after the 1 week washout period. AUSCAN alone was administered at 3 months. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests and chi-square tests.
RESULTS: Fifty-four participants (mean age = 64 years, time since diagnosis = 2.99 years) were randomized and completed the study. They wore the assigned splints for an average of 8 hrs/day. Differences between the effect of Comfort Cool™ and Hybrid splints were not statistically significant for hand function, grip and pinch strength. However, the Hybrid resulted in a greater average reduction in pain scores compared to the Comfort Cool™ (3.72 points, p = 0.02). No carryover or order effects were present. Compared to the baseline measures, modest improvements were noted for all outcomes after 4 weeks with both splints. At the 3 month follow-up, both hand function and pain had improved significantly over baseline.
CONCLUSION: The splints demonstrated similar, modest improvement in hand function and similar to previous published studies, neither thumb splint had a significant effect on grip or pinch strength. The findings of equivalence for both splints allow therapists to use a client centred approach to splinting. This study supports exisiting evidence that splinting benefits individuals with CMC OA by providing pain relief. Thumb splinting may have a continued effect on pain and function with longer term intervention.
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Wynne, C. D. L. "Foraging in the Barbary Dove : Evolution, optimisation, and rules of thumb." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372980.
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Cervantes, Thomas Michael. "A device for quantitative assessment of thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament injury." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115659.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
Injury to the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) of the thumb, known as "Skier's Thumb," is treated by surgical repair for complete tears, or by splinting for partial tears. Because of this radical difference in treatment options, diagnostic accuracy is critical. The primary mechanism of diagnosis is through a clinical assessment of joint integrity. This method requires a high degree of examiner skill and experience, and is inherently qualitative. Secondary diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often required to ensure accurate diagnosis. This additional testing delays the treatment and adds to the cost of care. A method to quantitatively assess the thumb UCL in a clinical setting is desired. This thesis presents the deterministic design of a device to quantitatively measure the stiffness of the thumb UCL. A stepper motor is used to rotate the thumb, while a cantilever load cell is used to measure torque. The device is designed to be operated by the physician, and has alignment features to properly orient the motor axis of rotation. Several safety features were incorporated into the device, including a magnetic breakaway that prevents applied thumb force from exceeding 10 N. The prototype was constructed, and preliminary testing was performed on healthy human subjects. Peak thumb torque was measured at 213.5 ± 19.2 N-mm, and peak stiffness was calculated to be 4.70 ± 0.39 N-mm/degree. Potential pathways for further device testing and improvement are outlined. The Thumb UCL Device has the potential to improve the speed of injury diagnosis and reduce the need for imaging studies.
by Thomas Michael Cervantes.
S.M.
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Miranda, Alle Deveza Leticia. "Identifying subgroups of osteoarthritis: implications for prognosis and treatment." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21773.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent and disabling chronic diseases worldwide. As yet, no therapies have been approved for structural modification or proven to be highly effective for symptomatic relief. There is an extraordinary interpatient variability in OA, which may be associated with the difficulties to identify “one-size-fits-all” treatments. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate diverse aspects related to OA heterogeneity with a focus on prognosis and treatment. In Chapter two, we systematically reviewed the literature and identified the key phenotypic characteristics that may be relevant for OA phenotyping for use in future studies. In Chapter three, we used a data-driven statistical approach to investigate heterogeneity in the rate of knee cartilage thickness loss over two years and found three subgroups: stable cartilage thickness, moderate and substantial cartilage loss. There was a strong association of the subgroups with clinical outcomes. A prediction model was developed to identify those in the cartilage loss subgroups. The study in Chapter four investigated MRI-based subgroups in early radiographic knee OA. We found four subgroups with potential differences in the contribution of each joint tissue to OA initiation and with differences in OA risk factors. The subsequent two chapters examined heterogeneity in thumb base OA. Chapter five showed that concomitant presence of interphalangeal joint pain (digital or thumb) and/or erosive OA were associated with worse hand function in persons with thumb base OA. Chapter six was a pre-planned subgroup analysis of a thumb base OA trial. In this analysis, lower joint subluxation was associated with greater efficacy of a combined conservative intervention compared to control on pain and patient global assessment. This thesis provides new insights into the importance of better phenotyping OA patients. The findings in this thesis may be used in future research to: 1) define a comprehensive classification of knee OA phenotypes; 2) identify individuals at higher risk of progression for inclusion in clinical trials 24 investigating disease-modifying therapies; 3) personalize treatment for individuals with thumb base OA and greater joint subluxation; 4) better understand knee OA populations that would be suitable for targeted therapies.
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Hu, Paul Xue Bang. "Development of a paediatric prosthetic hand with a two-degree-of-freedom thumb." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28865.pdf.
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Pontiggia, Dario. "Essays on optimal monetary policy under rule-of-thumb behaviour by price setters." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1399/.
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The aim of this thesis is to study the effects of inflation persistence due to rule-of-thumb behaviour by price setters on optimal monetary policy. We start with a canonical log-linearised New Keynesian model, which we extend by allowing a fraction of price setters to follow a rule-of-thumb when setting a new price. We consider different specifications for the rule-of-thumb. In all models, steady-state distortions are assumed to be small so to guarantee the feasibility of optimal monetary policy analysis within a linear-quadratic framework. We derive utility-based objective functions for the monetary authority and analyse a range of optimal commitment policies. We perform welfare analysis in order to rank the range of optimal commitment policies. We analytically derive the optimal steady-state inflation rates associated with each commitment policy. We show that rule-of-thumb behaviour by price setters generates an incentive for positive steady-state inflation. A type of timeless perspective commitment policy is also capable of delivering positive steady-state inflation, even in the absence of rule-of-thumb behaviour by price setters. The optimal steady-state inflation rates are directly proportional to the gap measuring the steady-state distortions and turn out to be small in magnitude. We depart from the assumption of small steady-state distortions and consider the case of a largely distorted steady state within a nonlinear medium-scale model, which adds both nominal rigidities and real rigidities to the basic New Keynesian model. We extend the model by allowing a fraction of price setters to follow a rule-of-thumb when posting a new price. We numerically characterise the optimal rate of inflation in the Ramsey steady state. We find that rule-of-thumb behaviour implies optimal positive inflation only in the absence of transactional frictions. We find that the gap reflecting steady-state distortions is only slightly larger than in the case of small steady-state distortions. Finally, we study Ramsey dynamics and the implementation of optimal monetary policy via simple interest-rate rules, which we expand to explore the importance of welfare-relevant output gaps.
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Pinto, Josuel Alfredo Vilela. "Amadurecimento de caqui fuyu em função da exposição ao frio, atmosfera controlada e 1-mcp." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5001.
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Aiming to understand the mechanism of ripening of the Fuyu persimmon and extend the storage period, experiments were preformed to evaluate the effect of the period of exposure to low temperature, controlled atmosphere and inhibitor the ethylene action in the beginning or in the end of storage period on the incidence of softening. In the first experiment following treatments were evaluated: [1] 3 days at -0.5°C; [2] 6 days at -0.5°C; [3] 9 days at -0.5°C; [4] 6 days at 10°C; [5] 9 days at 10°C; [6] 15 days at 10°C; [7] 9 days at 15°C and [8] 15 days at 15°C. In the second experiment treatments were obtained by combining the temperature (-0.5; 10; 12.5; 15 e 17.5°C) with and without application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), before storage. The laboratory tests were performed after 1 and 2 months storage. In the third experiment at -0.5ºC were evaluated the treatments: [1] cold storage(CS), [2] application of 1ppm of 1-MCP and subsequent CS, [3] CS and subsequent application of 1-MCP, [4] controlled atmosphere (CA) with 1.0kPa O2 + 8.0kPa CO2, [5] application of 1-MCP and subsequent storage in CA, [6] CA storage and subsequent application of 1-MCP. The laboratory tests were performed after 2 months in fruits storage in CS and after 4 months in fruits storage in CA. According to the results of the experiments the period of 9 days at -0.5ºC does not provide sufficient cooling to stimulate the maturation process of persimmon, do not altering the production of ethylene, respiration and softening of the fruit when compared with 15ºC. The storage of Fuyu persimmon for one month at -0.5ºC is sufficient to stimulate the maturation process, with 100% fruit softened after 6 days at 20°C. Already, storage for two months at -0.5°C accelerates the maturation process and leaving 100% fruit soft after 4 days at 20°C. At the temperatures of 10, 12.5 and 15°C occurred softening of fruit during storage, showing that these temperatures for long periods, are also efficient in the unlock process of maturation. The softening is related with the ethylene action and probably with its receptor. The application of 1-MCP before or after storage block the maturation process even in fruit exposed at -0.5°C, not occurring softening after exposure at 20°C. Controlled atmosphere delayed the softening. CA condition with 1.0kPa O2 + 8.0kPa CO2 with application of 1-MCP was the most efficient treatment to control the maturation, but occurred high incidence of decay after 4 months storage of Fuyu persimmon.Objetivando compreender o processo de amadurecimento do caqui Fuyu e prolongar o armazenamento foram conduzidos experimentos para avaliar o efeito do período de exposição à baixa temperatura, atmosfera controlada e aplicação de inibidor da ação do etileno em dois momentos, no início e no final do armazenamento, sobre o amolecimento, analisados visualmente. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se: [1] 3 dias na temperatura de -0,5°C; [2] 6 dias na temperatura de -0,5°C; [3] 9 dias na temperatura de -0,5°C; [4] 6 dias na temperatura de 10°C; [5] 9 dias na temperatura de 10°C; [6] 15 dias na temperatura de 10°C; [7] 9 dias na temperatura de 15°C e [8] 15 dias na temperatura de 15°C. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram originados da combinação de temperaturas (-0,5; 10; 12,5; 15 e 17,5°C) com e sem aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), antes do armazenamento. As análises laboratoriais foram realizadas após 1 e 2 meses de armazenamento. No terceiro experimento, na temperatura de -0,5ºC foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: [1] AR; [2] aplicação de 1ppm de 1-MCP durante 24h e posterior AR; [3] AR e posterior aplicação de 1ppm de 1-MCP durante 24h; [4] atmosfera controlada (AC) com 1,0kPa de O2 + 8,0kPa de CO2; [5] aplicação de 1ppm de 1-MCP 24h e posterior armazenamento em AC; [6] armazenamento em AC e posterior aplicação de 1ppm de 1-MCP. As análises laboratoriais foram realizadas após 2 meses nos frutos armazenados em AR e após 4 meses nos frutos armazenamentos em AC. Segundo os resultados dos experimentos, o período de 9 dias na temperatura de -0,5ºC não fornece frio suficiente para estimular o processo de maturação do caqui, não alterando a produção de etileno, a respiração e o amolecimento dos frutos em relação a 15ºC. O armazenamento de caqui por um mês na temperatura de -0,5ºC é suficiente para estimular o processo de maturação, com 100% dos frutos amolecidos aos 6 dias de exposição a 20ºC. Já, o armazenamento por dois meses na temperatura de -0,5ºC torna 100% dos frutos amolecidos aos 4 dias de exposição a 20ºC. As temperaturas de 10; 12,5 e 15ºC ocasionam amolecimento dos frutos durante o armazenamento, o que indica que essas temperaturas por longo período de tempo também são eficientes no desbloqueio da maturação. O amolecimento tem relação com a ação do etileno e, mais provavelmente, com o seu receptor. A aplicação de 1-MCP, antes ou após o armazenamento, bloqueia o processo de maturação, mesmo em frutos expostos ao frio de -0,5°C, evitando o amolecimento do caqui após exposição a 20ºC. A atmosfera controlada retardou o amolecimento, sendo que a condição de AC de 1,0kPa de O2 + 8,0Pa de CO2 com aplicação de 1-MCP foi a condição mais eficiente no controle da maturação, mas ocorreu alta incidência de podridão após 4 meses de armazenamento.
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HEMPHILL, CELESTE NICOLE. "Comparison Study Between OSHA Rule of Thumb and Software Model Respirator Cartridge Service Life." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218471854.
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Sprinkle, Zachary Joseph. "Heuristics in Construction Project Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87089.
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Modern construction projects are delivered in complex, fast pace environments. Stakeholders are required to participate in dynamic project settings with resource constraints, information constraints, and time constraints. To overcome gaps in knowledge, to deliver decisions quickly, and to overcome human limits in cognitive ability, decision makers typically employ heuristics, or rules of thumb to arrive at relatively quick answers. Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that an individual employs to arrive at quick decisions (Goodwin et al., 2004). These heuristics are used in a variety of ways, ranging from using the process of elimination (elimination heuristic) to applying different cognitive weights to options based on recent experience, reputation, or familiarity (Shah and Oppenheimer, 2008). This research aims to identify heuristics present in the implementation phase of construction. By summarizing the results of two studies conducted with a Mid-Atlantic Contractor, this thesis prescribes seven heuristics commonly used by construction stakeholders.Master of Science
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Pitman, Jeremy David. "Non-invasive detection of the electromyographic activity of the deep extrinsic thumb muscles using surface electrodes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16783.
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Includes bibliographical referencesMotivation: Conventional surface electromyography (EMG) methods cannot be used to detect deep muscle activation. A new non-invasive superficial and deep muscle EMG (sdEMG) technique has recently been used to derive the EMG activity of Brachialis and Tibialis Posterior muscles in the upper and lower limb respectively. The aim of the present study was to apply a modified version of sdEMG to the forearm to detect EMG activity of the deep extrinsic thumb muscles Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL), Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL), Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) and Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) using surface electrodes. Methods: High density monopolar EMG was detected from 2 concentric rings, each consisting of 20 custom designed and manufactured silver electrodes, placed at the distal and proximal thirds of the right forearm of 15 healthy male participants. The EMG signals were recorded by a custom synthesised from open source components, EMG amplifier system interfacing with a custom designed LabVIEW® program. The participants performed 10 repetitions of isometric thumb flexion (TFl), thumb extension (TEx), thumb abduction (TAb), thumb adduction (TAd), index finger flexion (IFFl) and index finger extension (IFEx). Each isometric contraction was performed in a randomized order at a standardized effort level of 30% of the participant's maximum voluntary contraction (verified by a custom designed and built thumb dynamometer). The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm, fastICA, was used to un-mix the 40 monopolar EMG waveforms (containing EMG activity attributable to both superficial and deep muscles) into 40 constitutive components, known as the Independent Components (ICs). The activation envelope of the ICs was found using a 250ms RMS smoothing filter and normalized between 0 and 1. A contraction sequence specific predicted EMG waveform based on intramuscular measurements (from existing studies in the literature) was created for each deep muscle and correlated with the processed ICs using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r). The ICs were ranked according to the corresponding r value and the highest r ranked IC for each muscle was considered to represent the recovered EMG activity from that particular muscle. Finally, a per sample basis accuracy, sensitivity and specificity analysis was conducted between each deep muscle's predicted EMG and highest r ranked IC at different activation thresholds. A linear mixed-effects statistical model was used to find the overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values over all the thresholds for each deep muscle. Results: Overall correlations of 0.81 for FPL (D), 0.88 for EPL (D), 0.92 for EPB (D) and 0.83 for APL (D) (p<0.001 for all muscles) were found between the predicted EMG waveforms and ICs. Using an activation threshold of 3 standard deviations above a resting baseline level, statistically significant (p<0.001) accuracy, sensitivity and specificity measures were found between the predicted EMG waveforms and top r ranked ICs for each of the deep muscles. The values of the 3 statistical measures (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) for each of the deep muscles were: FPL (0.76, 0.88, 0.70); EPL (0.87, 0.85, 0.91); EPB (0.94, 0.93, 0.94); APL (0.80, 0.87, 0.87). Conclusions: The results indicate that this is the first non-invasive detection of the EMG activity of FPL (D), EPL (D), EPB (D) and APL (D). The ability to detect movement intention as a result of activation from these muscles may be of use for robot based targeted rehabilitation of the hand or in the control of prosthetic hand devices.
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Rich, J. W. "His thumb unto his nose : the removal of G.W.L. Marshall-Hall from the Ormond Chair of Music /." Connect to thesis, 1986. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000643.
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Uka, Marigona. "Rules of thumb for the rule of law: EULEX and the re-making of Kosovo's juridical field." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110741.
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This thesis examines the politics of international legal tutelage in post-independence Kosovo by investigating the dynamics of power interplay between EU's largest civilian mission to date – EULEX and Kosovar stakeholders. Informed by the "practice turn" in IR and borrowing from Bourdieu's sociology of juridical field, the central argument of this thesis posits that the relations between EULEX as an "expertise-rich" entity and Kosovar institutions as "expertise-deficient" as well as their interactions as partners in the monopoly of violence, have resulted in the emergence of a new legal field that has been grounded by the ontological glorification surrounding the notion of "rule of law." The EU's attempt to socialize the nascent Kosovar polity into international liberal norms and European best practices has resulted in daily institutional struggles that continuously define and re-negotiate the principle of the "rule of law." These struggles, in turn, have provided Kosovar institutions and political elite with a platform whereupon they are able to mobilize meaningful symbolic power from a palette of resources, which helps them legitimize their own claims about authority, local ownership and statehood.Ce mémoire examine la situation politique de la tutelle internationale au Kosovo post-indépendance via l'investigation des dynamiques de pouvoir entre la plus large mission de l'UE à date – EULEX – et la partie prenante Kosovar. Éclairé par le « practice turn » en RI et empruntant à la sociologie du champs juridique de Bourdieu, la thèse centrale de ce mémoire affirme que les relations entre EULEX – en temps qu'entité « riche en expertise » – et les institutions Kosovars – considérés « pauvres en expertise » -, ainsi que leur interactions en temps que partenaires dans l'exercice du monopole de la violence légitime, se sont traduites par l'émergence d'un nouveau champs légal. Ce dernier est largement supporté par la glorification ontologique de la notion d' « État de droit ». Les tentatives de l'UE de socialiser le naissant État Kosovar aux normes libérales internationales ainsi qu'aux pratiques Européennes a résulté en des luttes institutionnelles quotidiennes qui ne cessent de (re)définir et (re)négocier le principe d' «État de droit ». À leur tour, ces luttes on fournit aux institutions et à l'élite politique Kosovar une plateforme sur laquelle elles ont été capable de mobiliser significativement un pouvoir symbolique provenant d'une palette de ressources; ce qui les aide à légitimer leur propres revendications quant à l'autorité, la propriété locale et l'indépendance étatique du Kosovo.
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Zhang, Haojie, and 張浩杰. "Functional study of the turn between helix h and i of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase thumb subdomain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508580.
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Zhang, Haojie. "Functional study of the turn between helix h and i of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase thumb subdomain." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508580.
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Parming, Jacob, and Aram Ghaiad. "Development of an electromyographic smart prosthetic hand." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-41263.
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Losing a hand is a highly traumatic experience affecting both the physical life and mental wellbeing of a person. It is therefore vital to provide a prosthetic hand with similar functionality to the hand lost. The human hand is a very delicate and complex part of the body used every day in a wide range of tasks from performing heavier works to smaller gestures. Due to all factors playing arole in how amputees live their lives, recreating a human hand is a very demanding and challenging task. As many as 30% of amputees experience depression and/or anxiety as a result of not having the same capabilities and opportunities as before the amputation. Amputation may be carried out both due to sudden accidents and as a result of congenital defiances and vascular illnesses. Since advanced prosthetic hands often come in at a price too high to reach a large part of the amputee consumer base, the case is often that only the richest amputees are able to afford electric prosthetic devices, and are thus often limited to simpler, body-powered alternatives. These alternatives are often found to be lacking in features and resemblance when comparing to the more technologically advanced electric prosthetics. A set of product development tools and methods were selected for the development process to ensure an organized approach for the project. The project was concluded with a finished and fully-manufacturable prosthetic hand with some advantages compared to the current market products. The hand developed in the project, named OYMotion hand 1.0 proved to have a number of advantages over competing products in selected functional areas such as force, finger speed and weight. The final market price of the product could not be estimated due to the fact that there are too many unknown factors involved to determine a final market price on the hand. The production cost is, however estimated to be significantly lower than the measured competing prosthetic hands. A deepened understanding about prosthetic hand design and development was obtained by studying the market, EMG, machine learning applications, hardware, gears, finger mechanisms,and materials. By balancing concepts between cost, functionality and aesthetics, a structured reasoning couldbe used to prioritize certain aspects of the developing of the hand.The completed hand fulfills the required specifications and functions after undergoing anumber of analyses conducted in order verify material strength and mechanism functionality.Further grip strength analyses and calculations were excluded from the study due to the limitedavailable time given.
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Darabikelareh, Hedayat, and Tagreed Maqatif. "Rules of thumb for energy-efficient renovation of apartment buildings : The case of Nils Holgersson, the Swedish statistical home." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37805.
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In Sweden, there are around 300 000 multi-family buildings with high energy consumption state a high renovation potential in the building sector. This study aims to analyze different renovation measures for a typical theoretical multi-family building to determine their effects on energy consumption, financial profitability, and impacts on obtaining an energy label in the rating system. The reference building was created based on the given energy consumption for the Nils Holgersson building (NH), where the information data accumulated and assessed utilizing dynamic energy simulation software IDA ICE.The selected renovation measures include modifications to the building envelope and ventilation. The reference building was equipped with an exhaust ventilationsystem with no heat recovery. The study showed that heat losses through ventilation contributed to the largest share. The losses through windows and walls are significant; hence selecting ventilated façade and adding insulation were relevant efficiency measures. The study analysis a vacuum insulation panel (VIP) applied for external walls due to its highly efficient thermal properties compared to conventional insulation. The results of life cycle cost analyses (LCCA) for 40 years demonstrated that VIP and ventilated façade have an economic benefit because of the energy cost saving during the operation phase of the building, despite the high initial cost. The cumulative LCC for each measure showed that VIP approaching the conventional insulation within theservice life the ventilated façade is cost-efficient at the end of the 6thyear compared to changing glazing. The selected rating system is Miljöbyggnad (MB). After renovation, the NH building could achieve the bronze level on the energy indicators.The study found that the energy consumption in the base model was 144.7 kWh/m2and the implemented renovation package leads to a reduction of 47 % annual heating demand. As a rule of thumb, the annual energy demand will be 90 kWh/m2, and the cost for the renovation package including installation would be 1150 SEK/m2causing a total energy-saving 2900 SEK/m2at the end of 40 years.
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Alhaidari, Salah. "A Look at the Optimum Slope of a Fixed Solar Panel for Maximum Energy Collection for a One Year Time Frame." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1515545054060599.
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Aranceta-Garza, Alejandra. "Use of high-density surface-electromyography of the forearm as a method for predicting thumb rotation in myoelectric transradial prosthetics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25519.
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Until now, natural thumb control mechanisms are lacking in the upper limb prosthetic development. This lag is due to the complex anatomy of the musculature of the hand making the upper limb prosthetic research a very complicated area. Several studies have attempted to better our understanding of the neural control of the hand. With applications including clinical rehabilitation, surface-Electromyography (sEMG) has been steadily improving the knowledge in this area, albeit still very limited. The development of high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG) has drastically increased the sensitivity of EMG techniques. Despite this research effort, there are significant gaps in the field. Furthermore, current data analysis is almost exclusively performed off-line and so, neurally controlled prostheses are limited to research labs and are not a clinically viable technology. Therefore, it is evident that new technologies are required to understand the dexterity of the human hand for prosthetic control. A common theme across the different hand-prosthetic developers is not to have mechanisms to drive the thumb based on muscular contractions. Due to the lack of intuitiveness for an amputee to operate the prosthetic device, it requires several highly demanding training sessions between the patient and the prosthetist. These sessions are oriented for the amputee to be able to control in duration and magnitude, the contractions of the chosen muscles to drive the motors of the prosthesis. In this research, the muscle activity from the forearm is identified and correlated with specific hand movements leading to improve the commercially available myoelectric transradial prosthetics. This was achieved through the understanding of sEMG patterns related to differentiation of thumb op position to different fingers. The acquired signals were investigated based on time-domain analyses (i.e. amplitude signal analysis, root-mean square values, statistical analyses), followed by a joint time and frequency-domain analyses (i.e. coherence estimate and cumulant analysis). Finally, unsupervised machine learning techniques were applied aiming to differentiate the different sEMG patterns during the different thumb opposition. This differentiation leads to a better understanding with regards to prospective controller mechanisms aiming to develop new prosthetic devices enhancing the experience of transradial amputees with the use of their prosthetic.
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Norström, Per. "Technological knowledge and technology education." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144875.
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Technological knowledge is of many different kinds, from experience-based know-how in the crafts to science-based knowledge in modern engineering. It is inherently oriented towards being useful in technological activities, such as manufacturing and engineering design. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight special characteristics of technological knowledge and how these affect how technology should be taught in school. It consists of an introduction, a summary in Swedish, and five papers: Paper I is about rules of thumb, which are simple instructions, used to guide actions toward a specific result, without need of advanced knowledge. One off the major advantages of rules of thumb is the ease with which they can be learnt. One of their major disadvantages is that they cannot easily be adjusted to new situations or conditions. Paper II describes how Gilbert Ryle's distinction between knowing how and knowing that is applicable in the technological domain. Knowing how and knowing that are commonly used together, but there are important differences between them which motivate why they should be regarded as different types: they are learnt in different ways, justified in different ways, and knowing that is susceptible to Gettier type problems which technological knowing how is not. Paper III is based on a survey about how Swedish technology teachers understand the concept of technological knowledge. Their opinions show an extensive variation, and they have no common terminology for describing the knowledge. Paper IV deals with non-scientific models that are commonly used by engineers, based on for example folk theories or obsolete science. These should be included in technology education if it is to resemble real technology. Different, and partly contradictory, epistemological frameworks must be used in different school subjects. This leads to major pedagogical challenges, but also to opportunities to clarify the differences between technology and the natural sciences and between models and reality. Paper V is about explanation, prediction, and the use of models in technology education. Explanations and models in technology differ from those in the natural sciences in that they have to include users' actions and intentions.QC 20140512
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Norström, Per. "Technology education and non-scientific technological knowledge." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48237.
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This thesis consists of two essays and an introduction. The main theme is technological knowledge that is not based on the natural sciences.The first essay is about rules of thumb, which are simple instructions, used to guide actions toward a specific result, without need of advanced knowledge. Knowing adequate rules of thumb is a common form of technological knowledge. It differs both from science-based and intuitive (or tacit) technological knowledge, although it may have its origin in experience, scientific knowledge, trial and error, or a combination thereof. One of the major advantages of rules of thumb is the ease with which they can be learned. One of their major disadvantages is that they cannot easily be adjusted to new situations or conditions. Engineers commonly use rules, theories and models that lack scientific justification. How to include these in introductory technology education is the theme of the second essay. Examples include rules of thumb based on experience, but also models based on obsolete science or folk theories. Centrifugal forces, heat and cold as substances, and sucking vacuum all belong to the latter group. These models contradict scientific knowledge, but are useful for prediction in limited contexts where they are used when found convenient. The role of this kind of models in technology education is the theme of the second essay. Engineers’ work is a common prototype for pupils’ work with product development and systematic problem solving during technology lessons. Therefore pupils should be allowed to use the engineers’ non-scientific models when doing design work in school technology. The acceptance of these could be experienced as contradictory by the pupils: a model that is allowed, or even encouraged in technology class is considered wrong when doing science. To account for this, different epistemological frameworks must be used in science and technology education. Technology is first and foremost about usefulness, not about the truth or even generally applicable laws. This could cause pedagogical problems, but also provide useful examples to explain the limitations of models, the relation between model and reality, and the differences between science and technology.QC 20111118
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Aumonde, Tiago Zanatta. "Características agronômicas e fisiológicas de plantas enxertadas e não enxertadas de mini melancia." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2038.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-02The work was carried in the field between 2008 and 2009 at the Federal University of Pelotas and aimed to evaluate the mini watermelon cultivar Smile ® grafted and ungrafted. In the seedling stage were evalueted the survival rates and lignification. The rootstocks that provided the best results were transplanted to the field with ungrafted plants and where analyzed the growth, dry matter partitioning, production and fruit quality. The access Irai and C314, in the seedling stage, provided the best results. In the field, plants ungrafted obtained more accumulation total of dry matter, produticon rate of dry matter, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate of leaf area, leaf area ratio and leaf weight. But, the specific leaf area was higher in grafted plants. Allied to this, the maximum plant height was 1.5 meters to 49 days after transplanting (DAT) in grafted plants and 42 DAT in ungrafted. The leaf dry matter (Wf) were increased. Regarding Wf, increased to 70 DAT in grafted plants (52.91 g m-2) and to 63 DAT in ungrafted (71.55 g m-2). Concomitantly, the number of leaves increased to 63 DAT. Regarding the dry matter of stem (Wc), the maximum was 6.56 g m-2 in grafted plants and 7.85 g m-2 in ungrafted, at 70 DAT. The dry matter of fruit (Wfr) started to compose the total dry matter from 42 DAT and was growing by the end of the cycle (70 DAT). For the grafted plant, Wfr maximum was 47.29 g m-2 and to ungrafted plants was 57.20 g m-2. The growth rate of leaf (Cf) increased until the end of the cycle with the Cf of 1.31 g m-2 d-1. Already, in ungrafted the Cf maximum was of 1.92 g m-2 d-1, at 49 DAT. The production rate of dry matter of stem (Cc) in the grafted watermelon was the maximum of 0.72 g m-2 d-1 (70 DAT), and grafted plants was 0.48 g m-2 d-1 (56 DAT). The growth rate maximum of fruit (Cf) was 3.66 g m-2 d-1 (70 DAT), in grafted plants. Already, the Cf in grafted plants was 2.97 g m-2d-1 (56 DAT). Grafted plants produced less than ungrafted, however, provided the best color of pulp and higher amount of phenols in the fruits did not differ in other variables when compared to ungrafted showing the potential of this material as a rootstock for hybrid mini watermelon Smile®.
O trabalho foi realizado a campo entre no período de 2008 a 2009 na Universidade Federal de Pelotas e objetivou avaliar a cultivar de mini melancia Smile® na condição enxertada e não enxertada (pé-franco). Na fase de muda foram avaliados os índices de pega e lignificação. O porta-enxerto que proporcionou os melhores resultados foi transplantado para o campo juntamente com pé-franco onde foram analisados o crescimento, a partição de matéria seca, a produção e a qualidade dos frutos. Na fase de muda, os acessos Irai e C314 proporcionaram os melhores resultados. Na fase de campo, pé-franco obteve maior acumulo de matéria seca total, taxa de produção de matéria seca, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatória líquida, taxa de crescimento relativo de área foliar, razão de área foliar e razão de massa foliar. Entretanto, a área foliar específica foi superior em plantas enxertadas. Aliado a isso, altura a altura máxima foi de 1,5 metros aos 49 dias após o transplante (DAT) em plantas enxertadas e aos 42 DAT em pé-franco. A matéria seca foliar (Wf) sempre foi crescente. No que tange a Wf, foi crescente até os 70 DAT em plantas enxertadas (52,91 g m-2) e até os 63 DAT em pé-franco (71,55 g m-2). Concomitantemente, o número de folhas aumentou até os 63 DAT. No que concerne a matéria seca de caule (Wc), o máximo foi de 6,56 g m-2 em plantas enxertadas e de 7,85 g m-2 em pé-franco, aos 70 DAT . A matéria seca dos frutos (Wfr) iniciou a compor a matéria seca total a partir dos 42 DAT e foi crescente até o final do ciclo de cultivo (70 DAT). Para planta enxertada o Wfr máximo foi de 47,29 g m-2 e para pé-franco foi de 57,20 g m-2. A taxa de crescimento de folha (Cf) foi crescente durante todo o ciclo com o Cf máximo de 1,31 g m-2 d-1. Já, em pé-franco o Cf máximo foi de 2,16 g m-2 d-1, aproximadamente aos 42 DAT. Quanto a taxa de produção de matéria seca de caule (Cc), em melancia enxertada o Cc máximo foi de 0,72 g m-2 d-1 (70 DAT) e, em pé-franco o Cc máximo foi de 0,48 g m-2 d-1 (56 DAT). A taxa de crescimento máxima de fruto (Cfr) em planta enxertada foi de 3,66 g m-2 d-1 (70 DAT). Já, a Cfr pé-franco foi de 2,97 g m-2d-1 (56 DAT). Plantas enxertadas produziram menos do que pé-franco, entretanto, proporcionaram melhor coloração de polpa e maior quantidade de fenóis totais nos frutos, não diferindo nas demais variáveis analisadas quando comparadas ao pé-franco mostrando a potencialidade desse material como porta-enxerto para o híbrido de mini melancia Smile®.
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Radke, Aline Klug. "Testes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de melancia." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3118.
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A propagação da melancia é realizada por sementes, estas devem ser de elevada qualidade, para que haja um estande uniforme de plantas no campo. O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar metodologias do teste de envelhecimento acelerado e comparar testes para avaliação do vigor em sementes de melancia. Foram utilizadas sementes de melancia cultivar Congo e Crimson Sweet, representadas por quatro e cincos lotes de sementes, respectivamente. Para a avaliação da qualidade das sementes de melancia foram utilizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, teste de frio, índice de velocidade de emergência e emergência de plântulas, comprimento de parte aérea e radicular, fitomassa seca de parte aérea e radicular e comprimento de parte aérea e radicular pós-emergência e testes de envelhecimento acelerado nas metodologias: tradicional, solução salina saturada (40g de NaCl por 100mL de água) e solução salina não saturada (11g de NaCl por 100mL de água), a 41⁰C, por períodos de 48; 72 e 96horas. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, as médias obtidas por lote, em cada avaliação, foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott em nível de probabilidade de 5% e foi realizada análise de correlação linear. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado, utilizando a combinação 41⁰C por 72horas e solução salina não saturada, mostra-se adequado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de melancia. A primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado com emprego de solução salina saturada ou não e o índice de velocidade de emergência foram eficientes para a estratificação dos lotes de sementes de melancia em níveis de vigor.
Watermelon is propagated by seeds, which should have high quality, in order to be enable an appropriate plant stand in the field. This study aimed to methodologies of accelerated aging test and compare tests to evaluate the effect on watermelon seeds. Were used watermelon seeds, four seeds lots of Congo variety and five seeds lots of Crimson Sweet variety. Were evaluated standard germination test, first count of germination, cold test, emergence velocity index, seedlings emergence, shoot and root length in laboratory and in greenhouse, shoot and root dry weight and accelerated aging test including traditional, satured salt solution (40g de NaCl for 100mL of water) and unsatured salt solution (11g de NaCl for 100mL of water) at 41⁰C for 48; 72 and 96hours. This essay was randomized; the lots means in each one evaluation were compared by Scott-Knott statistical test at 5% of probability and a correlation analysis between vigor testing was done. Accelerated aging test at 41⁰C for 72hours with satured salt solution is adequated to evaluate the watermelon seeds phylsiological performance. The first count of germination, accelerated aging with the use of saturated saline solution or not and emergence velocity index were effective for the classification of lots of watermelon seeds at levels of vigor.
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Culpan, Gary. "Hand, Fingers and Thumb." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6844.
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Lin, Han-Chun, and 林漢君. "Design of An Asynchronous Thumb Microprocessor." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40082405739732652492.
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碩士大同大學
資訊工程研究所
90
We exploit asynchronous technology to design an asynchronous Thumb microprocessor in this thesis. Data dependency graphs (DDGs) are used to specify the microoperations of Thumb microprocessor. The design steps of Thumb microprocessor include four steps. The first step is to analyze the Thumb instruction set. In second step , by the analysis of step1, we specify the organization of Thumb microprocessor. This organization has six micropipeline stages to make multiple instructions be overlapped in execution. We also propose a mechaniam of exception handling in our Thumb microprocessor. We specify DDGs of Thumb microprocessor with a magic CAD tool, SOC CAD (SOCAD), invented by our laboratory in third step. Finally, we adopt two methods to optimize DDGs of Thumb instruction set to reduce hardware cost.
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Kuo, Li-Chieh, and 郭立杰. "Quantitative Analysis of the Thumb Kinematics." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50349911332666622237.
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博士國立成功大學
醫學工程研究所
91
Due to the intricate anatomical structures of the thumb, it is difficult to measure the motion of the thumb joint clinically. Complicated movements of the thumb make the present methods of joint motion assessment difficult in the measurement of thumb motion or thumb impairment. The purpose of this study was to develop an objective, accurate and discriminative method to aid clinical diagnoses of thumb movement impairment associated with disease or injury. It is prerequisite to understand the relationship between surface sensors (markers) and the underlying bony segment before utilizing the motion analysis method to investigate movements of extremities. So in the first part of this study (Chapter 2), we investigated the relationship between the bony and skin landmarks of the thumb during dynamic motion by fluoroscopic examination with living volunteers and three-dimensional spatial tracking measurement with cadaver. The results indicated that the measurement of the motion of the thumb is feasible using surface markers in the video-based motion system or sensors of electromagnetic tracking device. Based on the concept of the three-dimensional space within which the thumb-tip can move, hereafter the workspace of the thumb-tip (WOTT), we developed a quantitative WOTT method for evaluating the range of motion of thumb in the Chapter 3. A computerized video motion analysis system was used to provide quantitative measurement and evaluation of the thumb-tip workspace. By the WOTT method, degree of thumb motion impairment is evaluated as the percentage of actual thumb-tip workspace surface area relative to the ideal average for a given thumb length. Although there are several studies to determine the movements and biomechanical properties of the trapeziometacarpal joint, in vitro. Clinical applications were limited and there is no appropriate method to measure either the range of motion or the maximal workspace of this joint in vivo. Due to the limitation of the WOTT method, we developed a mathematical model to evaluate the maximal workspace of the trapeziometacarpal joint in the Chapter 4.Our final goal of this study is to popularize these objective and scientific methods for clinical uses. Therefore, the clinical applications of these two methods are in progress for assessing the kinematics of the TM joint pre-op/post-op joint arthroplasty at Mayo Medical Center and other thumb impairments at National Cheng Kung University Hospital. We anticipate that the difficulties of measuring the complex kinematics of the thumb will be gradually overcome using our developed objective and quantitative methods.
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Chou, Shu-Chen, and 周書正. "The constituents of the Houttuynia cordata Thumb." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39327887388110183355.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學系碩博士班
94
Forty-four compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Of these, forty compounds were characterized by comprehensive analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra. Among them, houttuynamide A and houttuynoside A were found be new compounds. The thirty-eight known compounds were identified as aristolactam BⅡ, aristolactam AⅡ, piperolactam A, 3,4-dimethoxy-N-methyl aristolactam, lysicamine, splendidine, cepharadione B, norcepharadione B, noraristolodione, N-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-phenylethyl)benzamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl)benzamide, benzamide, 4-hydroxy benzamide, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide, 6,7-dimethyl- 1-ribitol-1-yl-1,4- dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, (1H)- quinolinone, indole-3- carboxylic acid, vomifoliol, dehydrovomifoliol, reseoside, 7-(3,5,6-trihydroxy- 2,6,6-trimethyl- cyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one, 6-(9-hydroxy-but-7-enyl)-1,1,5- trimethylcyclohexane- 3,5,6-triol, quercitrin、quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, afzelin, vanillic acid, methyl vanillate, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, cis and trans-methyl ferulate,β- sitosteryl glucoside,β- sitosterol and cycloart-25-ene-3b,24-diol by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, some of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti- tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. Cepharadione B showed the storng inhibition activity against tyrosinase. Quercitrin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical- scavenging activity of which quercitrin and quercetin-3-O-β-D- galactopyranoside have the stronger scavenging activity than Vit E.
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Mei-LingChou and 周美綾. "Contact Mechanics of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16429594747228851616.
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Hogg, Nicholas Alexander. "Design of Thumb Keyboards: Performance, Effort and Kinematics." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5218.
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Mobile hand-held communication device (smart phone) use is very prevalent and growing rapidly. In addition, there is empirical support for heavy use to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study therefore addressed the physical demand and performance when using these devices. The natural texting style for 20 participants was identified and then participants performed standardized static and dynamic tasks on 4 different types of mobile hand-held devices; a touch screen device and 3 devices with different keyboard sizes and layout; a flip or clamshell design, a PDA style device and a phone with a pull out QWERTY keyboard. Participants rated the effort required to complete each task and for dynamic tasks, keystroke speed was also measured. The time history of angles of the carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalageal joints of the thumb as well as motion of the wrist were determined using small surface makers and an optoelectronic motion capture system. Thumb kinematics were normalized to the maximum range of motion of each joint.
Statistically significant and substantial differences were found for the dynamic condition: The tasks which required the most motion in the flexion/extension axis of the thumb also required the most effort, and that there is an inverse relationship between effort and typing speed, namely that those tasks, or devices which required the highest effort resulted in the lowest typing speeds, and visa-versa. Similarly, results showed that those static tasks which required the most thumb flexion also required the most effort.
Overall, use of the touch screen phone required the least effort for dynamic and static tasks, and also resulted in the highest typing speeds. This could be a result of having the lowest force required to engage the keys. The device which resulted in the lowest typing speed and highest required effort was the flip phone, which also had the highest required force to engage the keys. There was also a weak relationship between user thumb length and required effort, with longer thumb length necessitating a greater about of effort.
Those subjects who used the texting style indentified as the slide style which used forearm rotation with a less flexed thumb reported significantly less effort for all tasks than those who used the claw style which used extreme flexion of the thumb joints. However, texting style had no significant effect on typing speed, indicating that someone could adopt the slide style to reduce muscular effort and potentially the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs and neck without sacrificing performance.
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Lee, Yi-Tseng, and 李奕增. "Implementing Floating Accumulator Architecture Simulator with Thumb Mode." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02128850440827476145.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
104
In our previous paper of our lab " Floating Accumulator architecture " , we make a new register architecture which combines the accumulator characteristics, and can be used without increasing the length of the instruction status, effectively doubling the number of registers. In the previous paper, we will mention this idea to LLVM development, it would implement the backend for the ARM platform. Also we modified the assembler and simulator, so that they can assemble and run with floating accumulate register architecture format. In this paper, we implement in an extension of the Thumb architecture , the sub-architecture of ARM architecture with FAA architecture. We implement with the floating accumulator Thumb architecture on Simplescalar and make it work. Also we change the assembler part. Let it create the floating accumulator Thumb instruction set .
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Ho, Kun-Yueh, and 何昆岳. "Biomechanical Analysis of the Thumb during Jar Opening." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62457881366170542295.
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碩士國立成功大學
醫學工程研究所碩博士班
92
The study focused on the biomechanical analysis of the thumb during the activities of jar opening (including activities of power grip and precision handling). The first part of this study was to measure the forces and torques of the thumb applied to the jar lid using a custom designed jar simulator (the jar’s diameter was 8.3cm) equipped with a six-axis load cell and a torque sensor. The second part of this study was to develop a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the thumb in order to calculate joint loads and muscle forces during jar opening. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. The results showed that the average resultant forces applied to the jar lid were 46.2N, the average twisting torques from the thumb were 0.58N-m, the average twisting torques from the hand to open a jar were 1.8N-m, and the average contribution of the thumb was about 30% ~ 35%. During jar opening, the average total muscle forces were 240.7N (the major active muscles were FPL=67.5N, FPB=38.9N, APB=20.5N, ADP=58.5N, OPP=37.3N). The activity of precision handling needed the large muscle force than the activity of power grip for each one unit external force applied to the thumb. This meant “precision handling” was more energy cost than “power grip”. It bore 221.5N at the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, about 4.8 times the applied forces of the thumb, 153N at he metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, about 3.3 times the applied forces of the thumb and 69N at the interphalangeal (IP) joint, about 1.5 times the applied forces of the thumb.
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Neklanová, Anna. "Preventivní a kurativní využití kineziotapu při zatížení palce ruky v ambulantní terapeutické péči." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348633.
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Title : Kinesio taping in treatment and prevention of thumb overload in outpatient physiotherapy Purposes : The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate a degree of pain decrease in thumb joint after kinesio tape application. The differences in grip strength were concurrently evaluated to objectify previous results. Hand dynamometer was used to support this claim. Methods : Data for the experiment were obtained by use of hand dynamometer measurement and record of a pain degree according to chosen pain scale. Each person was measured right before defined strain and immediately after it (daily work in outpatient therapy according to therapist's working shift). Each therapist was asked to record a degree of actual pain following the instructions during strain. All the results were processed and statistically analyzed. Results : The results show that kinesio tape is successful in decreasing of thumb joint pain. This was confirmed both during and after the strain. At the same time kinesio tape prevents decreasing of the grip strength. Keywords : Thumb, thumb joint, kinesio taping of a thumb, dynamometry, pain decrease of a thumb, overloading of a thumb
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Adam, Tomáš. "Rule-of-thumb consumers in the New Keynesian framework." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298576.
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iv Abstract This thesis investigates the effects of government spend- ing on aggregate economic variables in the Czech Republic. The standard RBC and New Keynesian models assume only forward-looking households despite the evidence of a sig- nificant fraction of non-optimizing households. These mod- els do not provide reasonable predictions for the response of consumption: both models predict its fall following a gov- ernment spending shock. Therefore, a variant of the New Keynesian model, where rule-of-thumb households coexist with optimizing households, is used for the analysis. We have found that fiscal policy has a positive impact on output, although government spending multiplier does not exceed one. Also, the impact on consumption is positive for several periods following a fiscal spending shock, which is consistent with the evidence. JEL Classification: C32, E32, E62 Keywords: fiscal policy, fiscal multipliers, fiscal VAR, rule- of-thumb consumers