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Journal articles on the topic 'Thulium and homium ions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

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1

Cajzl, Jakub, Pavel Peterka, Maciej Kowalczyk, Jan Tarka, Grzegorz Sobon, Jaroslaw Sotor, Jan Aubrecht, Pavel Honzátko, and Ivan Kašík. "Thulium-Doped Silica Fibers with Enhanced Fluorescence Lifetime and Their Application in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers." Fibers 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6030066.

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In this work we report on the thulium-doped silica-based optical fibers with increased fluorescence lifetime of the 3F4 level thanks to the modification of the local environment of thulium ions by high content of alumina. The determination of the cross-relaxation energy-transfer coefficients from the measurements of the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 energy levels of Tm3+ ions in the experimentally prepared optical fiber is provided as well. Preforms of optical fibers were prepared either by conventional solution-doping of Tm3+ and Al3+ ions or by dispersion-doping of Tm3+ ions with alumina nanoparticles. Optical fibers were characterized by means of Tm, Al, and Ge concentrations, refractive index profiles, optical spectral absorption and luminescence, and by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Highly aluminium-codoped thulium silicate optical fibers exhibited fluorescence lifetimes of over ~500 μs with maximum value of 756 μs, which means a fluorescence lifetime enhancement when compared to the thulium-doped fibers reported elsewhere. We show an application of the thulium-doped fiber in a compact all-fiber ring laser that is passively mode-locked by using graphene-based saturable absorber. The output pulsewidth and repetition rate were 905 fs and 32.67 MHz, respectively.

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2

Larsen, C. C., J. Jensen, A. R. Mackintosh, and B. J. Beaudry. "SPIN DYNAMICS OF THULIUM IONS IN TERBIUM." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C8 (December 1988): C8–331—C8–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19888147.

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3

Zamani, Hassan Ali, Fatemeh Naghavi-Reyabbi, Majid Mohammadhosseini, Babak Feizyzadeh, Mohammad Reza Abedi, Farnoush Faridbod, and Mohammad Reza Ganjali. "Quantitative Monitoring of Thulium Ions by a New Thulium Selective Polymeric Membrane Sensor." Sensor Letters 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2012.2323.

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4

Chen, Sitong, and Zhaofeng Zhang. "Design of the 1650-1700nm U band doped fiber laser." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 97 (May 28, 2024): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/2a2q0968.

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Increasing the power of thulium-doped fiber lasers is an important direction for the future development of fiber lasers. Thulium ions exhibit excellent optical properties in the U-band, making them valuable for research. This paper has established a modular design process for fiber lasers, investigating the energy level system of Thulium ions, electron transition processes, power propagation equations, pump power threshold, laser output power, and Bragg grating reflectance for specific wavelength photons. The reflectance of the front and rear cavity mirrors and Bragg grating was also redesigned. Finally, by establishing a physical model and employing numerical simulations, the relationship between laser onset power and pump light input power was determined: when the pump light input power reaches 10.1W, a population inversion occurs, and the fiber laser begins to generate laser output power. The laser output power linearly increases with the increase in pump light input power. When the pump light input power reaches 100W, the laser output power reaches its maximum value of 14.17W. This provides valuable data support for the laboratory preparation of 1650-1700nm thulium-doped fiber lasers.

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5

Kharkov, A. M., M. N. Sitnikov, V. V. Kretinin, O. B. Fisenko, and G. Yu Fillipson. "Magnetocapacity of manganese sulphides substituted by thulium ions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 822 (May 22, 2020): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/822/1/012024.

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6

Gusakova, Natali V., Maxim P. Demesh, Anatol S. Yasukevich, Anatoliy A. Pavlyuk, and Nikolay V. Kuleshov. "Mechanisms of the energy transfer between thulium ions in tungstate and molybdate crystals." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2021-1-33-40.

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In this work, we investigated mechanisms of the energy transfer in Tm : KY(WO4)2, Tm : KLu(WO4)2 and Tm:NaBi(MoO4)2 crystals. Room-temperature absorption and emission spectra were used to determine microparameters of energy migration among thulium ions in the 3H4 and 3F4 excited states in the frames of Förster – Dexter theory. Parameters of cross-relaxation 3H4 + 3H6 → 3F4 + 3F4 and energy migration were obtained via analysis of luminescence decay 3H4 → 3F4 with a hopping model. The parameters describing excitation migration between thulium ions in 3H4 state obtained by two methods were in good agreement. It has been shown that the dipole-dipole mechanism of interaction is responsible for the efficient cross-relaxation process in the crystals under study. The results indicate that the energy migration between 3H4 enhances the cross-relaxation at thulium content more than ∼1.3–1.5 at. % in these laser materials. The obtained values of the migration parameters CDD exceed the values of the cross-relaxation parameters CDA, and the energy transfer in these materials can be described with the hopping model. An efficient cross-relaxation process leads to the relatively high efficiencies of the systems based on these crystals under pumping at 0.8 µm. The dominant process of energy migration between thulium ions in 3F4 excited state makes tungstate and molybdate crystals good candidates for the Ho3+ co-activation for laser generation at 2.1 µm. Parameters obtained in this study can be used for mathematical modeling of laser characteristics.

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7

Guillemot, Lauren, Pavel Loiko, Alain Braud, Thomas Godin, Ammar Hideur, and Patrice Camy. "Les lasers thulium à 2300 NM : Avancées et perspectives." Photoniques, no. 109 (July 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202110935.

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Cet article dresse un état des lieux des dernières avancées dans le domaine des lasers dopés aux ions thulium émettant dans le proche infrarouge autour de 2.3 μm. Il présente les verrous liés à l’oscillation laser de l’ion thulium sur la transition 3H4 → 3H5 et les solutions prometteuses envisagees pour les contourner en s’appuyant notamment sur un mécanisme de pompage par upconversion particulièrement efficace dans certains matériaux.

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8

Li, Juncen. "Design and Optimisation of S-band fibre optic amplifier." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/1vkzq689.

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S-TDFA (S-band thulium-doped fibre amplifier) is a device that uses thulium-doped fibre to achieve the enhancement of optical signals in the S-band (1450-1530 nm), which is of great significance in long-distance optical communication systems, providing high gain, low noise and a wide range of wavelengths. Nowadays, thulium-doped fibre amplifier is one of the research hotspots of fibre-optic communication devices, and how to obtain high signal gain is also of great significance and value.In this paper, based on the energy level structure of thulium ion, the electron jump process, and the characteristics of tellurite glass medium, two physical models, namely, the rate equation of thulium ion's three energy level structure and the power propagation equation, are established.Under the power of 793 nm pump light, 1470 nm signal light and 200 mW pump light, the maximum signal gain of thulium-doped tellurite is 48 dB when the length of the optical fibre is 1.42 m and the thulium-doped ion concentration is ions per square metre, combined with the numerical solution in MATLAB and optimized peak value using a genetic algorithm.

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9

Louot, Christophe, Félix Sanson, Arnaud Motard, Thierry Ibach, Inka Manek-Hönninger, Antoine Berrou, Nicolas Dalloz, Thierry Robin, Benoit Cadier, and Anne Hildenbrand-Dhollande. "Emission Wavelength Limits of a Continuous-Wave Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Source Operating at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm or 2.12 µm." Photonics 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2024): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030246.

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We present a thulium-doped single-oscillator monolithic fiber laser emitting successively at three wavelengths, especially at unusual long wavelengths as 2.09 µm and even at 2.12 µm. The 793 nm core absorption of 8.42 dB/m allows for achieving a slope efficiency higher than 43% both at 1.94 µm and 2.09 µm. The operation of the laser at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm, and 2.12 µm is compared by using different fiber Bragg gratings to push the limit of thulium ions emission above 2.05 µm. This is the first demonstration of emission exceeding wavelengths of 2.1 µm of an only thulium-doped fiber laser, to the best of our knowledge.

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10

Schornig, Carla, Marius Stef, Gabriel Buse, Maria Poienar, Philippe Veber, and Daniel Vizman. "Spectroscopic Properties of TmF3-Doped CaF2 Crystals." Materials 17, no. 20 (October 11, 2024): 4965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17204965.

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In this study, we report the growth and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of TmF3-doped CaF2 crystals, grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of both trivalent (Tm3+) and divalent (Tm2+) thulium ions were investigated. Optical absorption spectra in the UV-VIS-NIR range reveal characteristic transitions of Tm3+ ions, as well as weaker absorption bands corresponding to Tm2+ ions. The Judd–Ofelt (JO) formalism was applied to determine the intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6, which were used to calculate radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios, and radiative lifetimes for the Tm3+ ions. The emission spectra showed concentration-dependent quenching effects, with significant emissions observed for the concentration of 0.1 mol% TmF3 under excitation at 260 nm and 353 nm for Tm3+ ions and at 305 nm for Tm2+ ions. A new UV emission associated with divalent Thulium is reported. The results indicate that higher TmF3 concentrations lead to increased non-radiative energy transfer, which reduces luminescence efficiency. These findings contribute to the understanding of the optical behavior of Tm-doped fluoride crystals, with implications for their application in laser technologies and radiation dosimetry.

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11

Xin Wang, Xin Wang, Lili Hu Lili Hu, Kefeng Li Kefeng Li, Ying Tian Ying Tian, and Sijun Fan Sijun Fan. "Spectroscopic properties of thulium ions in bismuth silicate glass." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 10 (2012): 101601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.101601.

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12

Rokhmin, Alexey, Vladimir Aseev, and Nikolay Nikonorov. "Polarized luminescence of erbium and thulium ions in glasses." Optical Materials 41 (March 2015): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2014.09.040.

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13

Cockroft, Nigel J., and Keith M. Murdoch. "Energy transfer between thulium and praseodymium ions in solids." Journal of Luminescence 60-61 (April 1994): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90305-0.

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14

Dobretsova E. A., Alimov O. K., Rusanov S. Ya., Kashin V. V., Voronov V. V., Guryev D. A., Kutovoi S. A., Vlasov V. I., and Tsvetkov V. B. "Spectroscopy of the yttrium scandate doped by thulium ions." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 14 (2022): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.14.54426.22s.

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The thulium-doped yttrium scandate crystal fiber has been obtained by the laser-heated pedestal growth method. The crystal belongs to the bixbyite type, has a cubic structure and crystallizes in the Ia3 space group. The lattice parameters (a=10.224(1) Angstrem) have been determined using the powder X-ray diffraction. Spectral-kinetic measurements have allowed to detect two symmetrically independent optical centers of Tm3+ ions in the crystal fiber. Keywords: bixbyite, optical center, rare-earth ion, laser-heated pedestal growth.

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15

Ganjali, Mohammad Reza, Parviz Norouzi, and Behrouz Akbari-Adergani. "Thulium(III) Ions Monitoring by a Novel Thulium(III) Microelectrode Based on a S-N Schiff Base." Electroanalysis 19, no. 11 (June 2007): 1145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603833.

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16

Voronovych, Daniil, Anatoliy Taran, Natalya Shitsevalova, Ganna Levchenko, and Volodymyr Filipov. "Thermal Instability of Holmium and Thulium Dodecaborides in Vacuum." Solid State Phenomena 257 (October 2016): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.257.152.

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There are studied the HoB12 → HoB4 and TmB12 → TmB4 phase transformations on annealing of the corresponding dodecaborides single crystals up to 1814 K in vacuum . It is shown that at p < 10-4 Pa the HoB12 → HoB4 phase transformation takes place on the HoB12 surface because of preferential boron evaporation from dislocations outcrops. TmB12 evaporates congruently and at p < 10-4 Pa its phase composition remains unchanged. At pressure p ≥ 10-2 Pa intensification of surface bombardment by ions of the residual gases and evaporated boron ions takes place. The ion bombardment is a contributing factor of the HoB12 → HoB4 phase transformation and determinating factor of the TmB12 → TmB4 one.

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17

Anashkina, Elena A., Vitaly V. Dorofeev, and Alexey V. Andrianov. "In-Band Pumped Thulium-Doped Tellurite Glass Microsphere Laser." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 5440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125440.

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Microresonator-based lasers in the two-micron range are interesting for extensive applications. Tm3+ ions provide high gain; therefore, they are promising for laser generation in the two-micron range in various matrices. We developed a simple theoretical model to describe Tm-doped glass microlasers generating in the 1.9–2 μm range with in-band pump at 1.55 μm. Using this model, we calculated threshold pump powers, laser generation wavelengths and slope efficiencies for different parameters of Tm-doped tellurite glass microspheres such as diameters, Q-factors, and thulium ion concentration. In addition, we produced a 320-μm tellurite glass microsphere doped with thulium ions with a concentration of 5·1019 cm−3. We attained lasing at 1.9 μm experimentally in the produced sample with a Q-factor of 106 pumped by a C-band narrow line laser.

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18

Zabolotnykh, S. A., S. A. Denisova, Ya K. Kochneva, and A. E. Raizer. "Precipitation and flotation concentration of neodymium, erbium, and thulium ions by alkylbenzenesulfonic acid." Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii 79, no. 5 (December 9, 2024): 479–85. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044450224050066.

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The possibility of using the commercially produced anionic surfactant alkylbenzenesulfonic acid for the precipitation and flotation extraction of neodymium(III), erbium(III), and thulium(III) ions was investigated. The effects of concentration and ratio of reacting components, content of sulfuric acid, and sodium hydroxide on the precipitation efficiency of metal ions were considered. The composition of the resulting compounds was determined and their conditional solubility products were calculated. Flotation conditions for metal ions with alkylbenzenesulfonic acid were optimized.

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19

Peres, M., J. Wang, M. J. Soares, A. Neves, T. Monteiro, E. Rita, U. Wahl, J. G. Correia, and E. Alves. "PL studies on ZnO single crystals implanted with thulium ions." Superlattices and Microstructures 36, no. 4-6 (October 2004): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2004.09.031.

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20

Armagan, G., A. M. Buoncristiani, and B. Di Bartolo. "Excited state dynamics of thulium ions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnets." Optical Materials 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-3467(92)90012-c.

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21

Yasukevich, A. S., V. E. Kisel, E. E. Trusova, G. E. Rachkovskaya, G. B. Zakharevich, K. B. Podbolotov, and V. S. Gurin. "Determination of the Concentration of Tm<sup>3+</sup> and Ho<sup>3+</sup> Ions in the Glass and Crystalline Phases in Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics by Absorption Spectra Analysis." Devices and Methods of Measurements 15, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2024-15-1-50-59.

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Optical glass ceramics based on oxyfluoride glasses activated by rare earth ions have attractive properties for development of lasers and near-infrared amplifiers, since they combine properties of fluoride crystals with low phonon frequencies and chemical and mechanical properties of oxide matrices. Spectroscopic properties of activator ions in crystalline and glass phases of glass-ceramics can differ significantly. Thus, it is possible to determine impurity ions’ distribution between these phases by means of absorption or luminescence spectra analysis. The main goal of this work was to develop a method for determining the concentration of Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in the crystalline, PbF2 and glassy phases of glass ceramics after secondary thermal treatment of thulium-doped and thulium-holmium co-doped oxyfluoride glasses. Spectroscopic characteristics of oxyfluoride glasses activated by Tm3+ ions and co-activated by Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions, as well as glass ceramics obtained from the original glasses as a result of secondary heat treatment were studied. It was established by X-ray phase analysis method that under certain heat treatment conditions crystalline β-PbF2 phase is formed in those glasses. Absorption and luminescence spectra of Tm3+ and Ho3+ impurity ions in the original glass and in β-PbF2 crystals were compared with their ones in glass ceramics. A method for determining the concentration of ions in the crystalline and glass phases of glass ceramics was proposed on the basis of this comparison. Dependence of Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions distribution between the glass and crystalline phases on different regime of glasses' secondary heat treatment was studied.

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22

Миннегалиев, М. М., А. В. Павлов, К. И. Герасимов, Е. С. Моисеев, Н. Н. Скрябин, А. А. Калинкин, С. П. Кулик, and С. А. Моисеев. "Протокол оптической памяти ROSE в волноводе кристаллa Tm : YAG." Оптика и спектроскопия 131, no. 5 (2023): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2023.05.55716.74-22.

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In this work, optical spectroscopy of thulium ions in a single-mode optical waveguide fabricated in a Tm3+:Y3Al5O12 crystal using the femtosecond laser printing method was carried out and an optical quantum memory protocol was demonstrated in a revival of silenced echo scheme. An analysis of the experimental data indicates the presence of instantaneous spectral diffusion at a thulium ion concentration of less than 0.01%, a weak effect of imperfections in the formed waveguide on the lifetime of the optical memory, and indicates the possibility of achieving a high efficiency of input signal recovery in the implemented waveguide scheme of the protocol.

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23

Huang, Wenliang, Jonathan L. Brosmer, and Paula L. Diaconescu. "In situ synthesis of lanthanide complexes supported by a ferrocene diamide ligand: extension to redox-active lanthanide ions." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 10 (2015): 7696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01402f.

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24

Kolachevsky, N., K. Khabarova, I. Semerikov, I. Zalivako, and A. Borisenko. "Progress in optical frequency standards: ultracold Thulium, ions, and passive resonators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 793 (January 2017): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/793/1/012013.

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25

Sukhanov, A. A., V. F. Tarasov, Yu D. Zavartsev, A. I. Zagumennyi, and S. A. Kutovoi. "EPR Spectroscopy of Impurity Thulium Ions in Yttrium Orthosilicate Single Crystals." JETP Letters 108, no. 3 (August 2018): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018150122.

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26

Kuzmenko, N. K., and E. V. Kolobkova. "Spectral Luminescent Properties of Fluoroaluminate Glasses with a Low Phosphate Content Activated by Thulium Ions and a Thulium/Ytterbium Pair." Glass Physics and Chemistry 48, no. 5 (October 2022): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659622800045.

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27

Dupont, Hippolyte, Timothée Lenfant, Lauren Guillemot, Xavier Delen, Pavel Loiko, Alain Braud, Pascal Loiseau, et al. "High-power intracavity upconversion pumped Tm:YLF laser emitting at 2.3 μm." EPJ Web of Conferences 309 (2024): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430906008.

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A Tm:LiYF4 laser operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition is integrated into a high-power diode-pumped Nd:ASL laser for intracavity upconversion pumping at 1.05 μm. This architecture leads to a record-high output power at 2.3 μm ever extracted from any upconversion pumped Thulium laser. The continuous-wave Tm-laser yields 1.81 W at 2.3 μm at 32 W of laser-diode pump power at 0.8 μm, rivalling direct diode pumping. The intracavity pumping mitigates weak absorption inherent to the upconversion pumping scheme and disperses the deposited heat over two laser crystals. This laser design minimizes heating of the Tm-crystal and enhances the tolerance to Tm3+ excited-state absorption, being promising for high-power 2.3-μm solid-state lasers based on thulium ions.

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28

Wang, Hai Tao, Zhen Jin, and Yu Chun Qin. "The Effect of Appending of I^-，Fe²⁺ and MnO₄^- to the Electro-Oxidation of Methanol on Platinum Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.894.

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Three kinds of ions (I-、Fe2+and MnO4-) were appended into the methanol aqueous solution respectively as an additive and the Cyclic voltammograms of the aqueous solutions were studied. The results showed that Fe2+had obvious promotion effect for electro-oxidation of methanol and could improve the methanol anodic oxidation current by 85 percent. The promotion effect of the thulium Ions were related with the electronic distribution of these elements and their adsorption on the Pt electrode surface. I-and MnO4-could facilitate the electro-oxidation of methanol at different extent.

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29

Dorosz, D., J. Zmojda, M. Kochanowicz, P. Miluski, P. Jelen, and M. Sitarz. "Structural and optical study on antimony-silicate glasses doped with thulium ions." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 134 (January 2015): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.070.

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30

Xu, R. R., Y. Tian, M. Wang, L. L. Hu, and J. J. Zhang. "Spectroscopic properties of 1.8 μm emission of thulium ions in germanate glass." Applied Physics B 102, no. 1 (July 3, 2010): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-010-4115-6.

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31

Добрецова, Е. А., О. К. Алимов, С. Я. Русанов, В. В. Кашин, В. В. Воронов, Д. А. Гурьев, С. А. Кутовой, В. И. Власов, and В. Б. Цветков. "Спектроскопия иттриевого скандата, легированного ионами тулия." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 12 (2021): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.12.51657.22s.

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The thulium-doped yttrium scandate crystal fiber has been obtained by the laser-heated pedestal growth method. The crystal belongs to the bixbyite type, has a cubic structure and crystallizes in the Ia3 space group. The lattice parameters (a=10.224(1) Angstrem) have been determined using the powder X-ray diﬀraction. Spectral-kinetic measurements have allowed to detect two symmetrically independent optical centers of Tm3+ ions in the crystal fiber.

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32

Konovalov, S. O., O. B. Begisheva, Abdelbaki Hichem, U. I. Rybina, and M. Yu Yukhno. "RESEARCH ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE SULPHIDES DOPED BY THULIUM AND YTTERBIUM IONS." Siberian Journal of Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31772/2587-6066-2020-21-1-108-114.

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33

Tsilikh, A. D., A. V. Solnyshkin, O. N. Sergeeva, L. I. Ivleva, E. E. Dunaeva, I. S. Voronina, D. A. Kiselev, A. M. Kislyuk, and T. S. Ilina. "The polar properties of calcium orthovanadate crystals doped with manganese and thulium ions." Ferroelectrics 591, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2022.2041939.

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34

Zubenko, D. A., M. A. Noginov, V. A. Smirnov, and I. A. Shcherbakov. "Interaction of excited holmium and thulium ions in yttrium scandium gallium garnet crystals." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 4 (April 1990): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00660534.

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35

Zabolotnykh, S. A., S. A. Denisova, Ya K. Kochneva, and A. E. Raizer. "Precipitation and Flotation Preconcentration of Neodymium, Erbium, and Thulium Ions by Alkylbenzenesulfonic Acid." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 5 (May 2024): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934824050162.

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36

Schwaab, Véronique, Christelle Matheron, Anne-Marie Delort, Geneviève Gaudet, and Evelyne Forano. "In Vivo 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Maintenance of a Sodium Gradient in the Ruminal Bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 4390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4390-4392.2001.

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ABSTRACT Sodium gradients (ΔpNa) were measured in resting cells ofFibrobacter succinogenes by in vivo 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance using Tm(DOTP)5−[thulium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethylenephosphonate] as the shift reagent. This bacterium was able to maintain a ΔpNa of −55 to −40 mV for extracellular sodium concentrations ranging from 30 to 200 mM. Depletion of Na+ ions during the washing steps led to irreversible damage (modification of glucose metabolism and inability to maintain a sodium gradient).

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37

Moll, H. P., J. van Tol, P. Wyder, M. S. Tagirov, and D. A. Tayurskii. "High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ofTm3+Ions in Lanthanum and Thulium Ethylsulphate Single Crystals." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 16 (October 14, 1996): 3459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3459.

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Lipstman, Sophia, and Israel Goldberg. "2D and 3D coordination networks of tetra(carboxyphenyl)-porphyrins with cerium and thulium ions." Journal of Molecular Structure 890, no. 1-3 (November 2008): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.03.044.

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39

Fialho, M., K. Lorenz, S. Magalhães, J. Rodrigues, N. F. Santos, T. Monteiro, and E. Alves. "Lattice site location and luminescence studies of AlxGa1−xN alloys doped with thulium ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 307 (July 2013): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.01.010.

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40

Solovarov, N. K., V. F. Tarasov, and E. V. Zharikov. "Spin dynamics effects in submillimeter EPR spectroscopy of impurity thulium ions in synthetic forsterite." JETP Letters 104, no. 2 (July 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364016140125.

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41

Liebi, Marianne, Simon Kuster, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Takashi Ishikawa, Peter Fischer, Peter Walde, and Erich J. Windhab. "Cholesterol-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate Complexed with Thulium Ions Integrated into Bicelles To Increase Their Magnetic Alignability." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 117, no. 47 (November 18, 2013): 14743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp406599c.

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42

Xu, Yinsheng, Danping Chen, Qiang Zhang, Wei Wang, Huidan Zeng, Ce Shen, and Guorong Chen. "Two-photon excited red upconversion luminescence of thulium ions doped GeS2–In2S3–CsI glass." Chemical Physics Letters 472, no. 1-3 (April 2009): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.008.

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43

Kaczmarek, Anna M., Rik Van Deun, and Kristof Van Hecke. "Holmium, thulium and lutetium-octamolybdate [Mo8O28]8− 1D chains: luminescence investigation of europium doped lutetium-octamolybdate." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 23 (2019): 8186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00695h.

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44

Kolobkova, E. V., A. Alkhlef, and A. S. Yasyukevich. "The Influence of Phosphate Concentration on the Spectral Properties of Thulium Ions in Fluorophosphate Glasses." Optics and Spectroscopy 128, no. 12 (December 2020): 2015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x20120930.

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45

Seltzer, Michael D., John B. Gruber, Marian E. Hills, Gregory J. Quarles, and Clyde A. Morrison. "Multisite optical spectra and energy levels of trivalent thulium ions in yttrium scandium gallium garnet." Journal of Applied Physics 74, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 2821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354633.

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46

Dorosz, Dominik, Jacek Zmojda, and Marcin Kochanowicz. "Broadband near infrared emission in antimony-germanate glass co-doped with erbium and thulium ions." Optical Engineering 53, no. 7 (January 29, 2014): 071807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.7.071807.

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47

Marciniak, L., A. Bednarkiewicz, M. Stefanski, R. Tomala, D. Hreniak, and W. Strek. "Modulation of thulium upconversion in potassium tetraphosphate (KLaP4O12) nanocrystals by co-doping with Yb3+ ions." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 13 (2016): 2513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03102h.

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The influence of sensitizer concentration on the up-conversion properties of KLa_0.99−xTm_0.01Yb_xP₄O₁₂ nanocrystals was investigated in a wide range of Yb³⁺ concentrations (x = 0.05–0.5).

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48

Żmojda, J., D. Dorosz, M. Kochanowicz, and J. Dorosz. "Active glasses as the luminescent sources of radiation for sensor applications." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0040.

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Abstract The article presents physicochemical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of two different glass systems: TeO2-GeO2-PbO-PbF2- BaO-Nb2O5-LaF3 and SiO2-Al2O3-Sb2O3, co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ ions. Blue upconversion luminescence at a wavelength of 478 nm corresponding to the thulium 1G4 ⇥3H6 transition was observed under 976 nm pump radiation in both of the co-doped glasses. This indicated the existence of efficient Yb3+ ⇥ Tm3+ energy transfer via three-photon absorption mechanism. Thermal and optical results substantiate the claim for practical applicability of the manufactured glasses in design of optical fiber sources.

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Yousefi, Mohammad, and Masoud Salavati-Niasari. "Encapsulation of Erbium(III) and Thulium(III) Nanocomplexes Containing 18- and 20-Membered Dioxa Tetraaza Macryclic Ligands Within the Framework of Zeolite." High Temperature Materials and Processes 31, no. 6 (December 14, 2012): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0001.

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AbstractZeolite framework stabilized erbium(III) and thulium(III) complex nanoparticles was prepared for the first time by using a two step procedure: the ion exchange of Ln3+ (Ln: Er and Tm) with the extra framework Na+ ions in zeolite-Y, the template synthesis of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with different diamines. Analysis of the data indicated that the Ln(III) complexes has been encapsulated within the nanocavity of zeolite Y and exhibit different property from those of the free complexes, which can arise from distortions caused by steric effects due to the presence of sodium cations, or from interactions with the zeolite matrix.

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Patroniak-Krzyminiewska, Violetta, and Wanda Radecka-Paryzek. "Azaoxa Macrocyclic and Acyclic Complexesof Lanthanides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 3 (1998): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19980363.

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The template reactions of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diamine in the presence of dysprosium(III), thulium(III) and lutetium(III) chlorides and erbium(III) perchlorate produce the complexes of 15-membered macrocyclic ligand with an N3O2 set of donor atoms as a result of the [1+1] Schiff base cyclocondensation. In contrast, analogous reactions involving the lighter lanthanide ions (lanthanum(III), samarium(III) and europium(III)) yield the acyclic complexes with terminal acetylpyridyl groupings as products of the partial [2+1] condensation. The complexes were characterized by spectral data (IR, UV-VIS, 1H NMR, MS), and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses.

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