Academic literature on the topic 'Thulium and homium ions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thulium and homium ions"
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Cajzl, Jakub, Pavel Peterka, Maciej Kowalczyk, Jan Tarka, Grzegorz Sobon, Jaroslaw Sotor, Jan Aubrecht, Pavel Honzátko, and Ivan Kašík. "Thulium-Doped Silica Fibers with Enhanced Fluorescence Lifetime and Their Application in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers." Fibers 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6030066.
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In this work we report on the thulium-doped silica-based optical fibers with increased fluorescence lifetime of the 3F4 level thanks to the modification of the local environment of thulium ions by high content of alumina. The determination of the cross-relaxation energy-transfer coefficients from the measurements of the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 energy levels of Tm3+ ions in the experimentally prepared optical fiber is provided as well. Preforms of optical fibers were prepared either by conventional solution-doping of Tm3+ and Al3+ ions or by dispersion-doping of Tm3+ ions with alumina nanoparticles. Optical fibers were characterized by means of Tm, Al, and Ge concentrations, refractive index profiles, optical spectral absorption and luminescence, and by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Highly aluminium-codoped thulium silicate optical fibers exhibited fluorescence lifetimes of over ~500 μs with maximum value of 756 μs, which means a fluorescence lifetime enhancement when compared to the thulium-doped fibers reported elsewhere. We show an application of the thulium-doped fiber in a compact all-fiber ring laser that is passively mode-locked by using graphene-based saturable absorber. The output pulsewidth and repetition rate were 905 fs and 32.67 MHz, respectively.
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Larsen, C. C., J. Jensen, A. R. Mackintosh, and B. J. Beaudry. "SPIN DYNAMICS OF THULIUM IONS IN TERBIUM." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C8 (December 1988): C8–331—C8–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19888147.
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Zamani, Hassan Ali, Fatemeh Naghavi-Reyabbi, Majid Mohammadhosseini, Babak Feizyzadeh, Mohammad Reza Abedi, Farnoush Faridbod, and Mohammad Reza Ganjali. "Quantitative Monitoring of Thulium Ions by a New Thulium Selective Polymeric Membrane Sensor." Sensor Letters 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2012.2323.
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Chen, Sitong, and Zhaofeng Zhang. "Design of the 1650-1700nm U band doped fiber laser." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 97 (May 28, 2024): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/2a2q0968.
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Increasing the power of thulium-doped fiber lasers is an important direction for the future development of fiber lasers. Thulium ions exhibit excellent optical properties in the U-band, making them valuable for research. This paper has established a modular design process for fiber lasers, investigating the energy level system of Thulium ions, electron transition processes, power propagation equations, pump power threshold, laser output power, and Bragg grating reflectance for specific wavelength photons. The reflectance of the front and rear cavity mirrors and Bragg grating was also redesigned. Finally, by establishing a physical model and employing numerical simulations, the relationship between laser onset power and pump light input power was determined: when the pump light input power reaches 10.1W, a population inversion occurs, and the fiber laser begins to generate laser output power. The laser output power linearly increases with the increase in pump light input power. When the pump light input power reaches 100W, the laser output power reaches its maximum value of 14.17W. This provides valuable data support for the laboratory preparation of 1650-1700nm thulium-doped fiber lasers.
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Kharkov, A. M., M. N. Sitnikov, V. V. Kretinin, O. B. Fisenko, and G. Yu Fillipson. "Magnetocapacity of manganese sulphides substituted by thulium ions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 822 (May 22, 2020): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/822/1/012024.
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Gusakova, Natali V., Maxim P. Demesh, Anatol S. Yasukevich, Anatoliy A. Pavlyuk, and Nikolay V. Kuleshov. "Mechanisms of the energy transfer between thulium ions in tungstate and molybdate crystals." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2021-1-33-40.
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In this work, we investigated mechanisms of the energy transfer in Tm : KY(WO4)2, Tm : KLu(WO4)2 and Tm:NaBi(MoO4)2 crystals. Room-temperature absorption and emission spectra were used to determine microparameters of energy migration among thulium ions in the 3H4 and 3F4 excited states in the frames of Förster – Dexter theory. Parameters of cross-relaxation 3H4 + 3H6 → 3F4 + 3F4 and energy migration were obtained via analysis of luminescence decay 3H4 → 3F4 with a hopping model. The parameters describing excitation migration between thulium ions in 3H4 state obtained by two methods were in good agreement. It has been shown that the dipole-dipole mechanism of interaction is responsible for the efficient cross-relaxation process in the crystals under study. The results indicate that the energy migration between 3H4 enhances the cross-relaxation at thulium content more than ∼1.3–1.5 at. % in these laser materials. The obtained values of the migration parameters CDD exceed the values of the cross-relaxation parameters CDA, and the energy transfer in these materials can be described with the hopping model. An efficient cross-relaxation process leads to the relatively high efficiencies of the systems based on these crystals under pumping at 0.8 µm. The dominant process of energy migration between thulium ions in 3F4 excited state makes tungstate and molybdate crystals good candidates for the Ho3+ co-activation for laser generation at 2.1 µm. Parameters obtained in this study can be used for mathematical modeling of laser characteristics.
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Guillemot, Lauren, Pavel Loiko, Alain Braud, Thomas Godin, Ammar Hideur, and Patrice Camy. "Les lasers thulium à 2300 NM : Avancées et perspectives." Photoniques, no. 109 (July 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202110935.
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Cet article dresse un état des lieux des dernières avancées dans le domaine des lasers dopés aux ions thulium émettant dans le proche infrarouge autour de 2.3 μm. Il présente les verrous liés à l’oscillation laser de l’ion thulium sur la transition 3H4 → 3H5 et les solutions prometteuses envisagees pour les contourner en s’appuyant notamment sur un mécanisme de pompage par upconversion particulièrement efficace dans certains matériaux.
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Li, Juncen. "Design and Optimisation of S-band fibre optic amplifier." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/1vkzq689.
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S-TDFA (S-band thulium-doped fibre amplifier) is a device that uses thulium-doped fibre to achieve the enhancement of optical signals in the S-band (1450-1530 nm), which is of great significance in long-distance optical communication systems, providing high gain, low noise and a wide range of wavelengths. Nowadays, thulium-doped fibre amplifier is one of the research hotspots of fibre-optic communication devices, and how to obtain high signal gain is also of great significance and value.In this paper, based on the energy level structure of thulium ion, the electron jump process, and the characteristics of tellurite glass medium, two physical models, namely, the rate equation of thulium ion's three energy level structure and the power propagation equation, are established.Under the power of 793 nm pump light, 1470 nm signal light and 200 mW pump light, the maximum signal gain of thulium-doped tellurite is 48 dB when the length of the optical fibre is 1.42 m and the thulium-doped ion concentration is ions per square metre, combined with the numerical solution in MATLAB and optimized peak value using a genetic algorithm.
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Louot, Christophe, Félix Sanson, Arnaud Motard, Thierry Ibach, Inka Manek-Hönninger, Antoine Berrou, Nicolas Dalloz, Thierry Robin, Benoit Cadier, and Anne Hildenbrand-Dhollande. "Emission Wavelength Limits of a Continuous-Wave Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Source Operating at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm or 2.12 µm." Photonics 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2024): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030246.
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We present a thulium-doped single-oscillator monolithic fiber laser emitting successively at three wavelengths, especially at unusual long wavelengths as 2.09 µm and even at 2.12 µm. The 793 nm core absorption of 8.42 dB/m allows for achieving a slope efficiency higher than 43% both at 1.94 µm and 2.09 µm. The operation of the laser at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm, and 2.12 µm is compared by using different fiber Bragg gratings to push the limit of thulium ions emission above 2.05 µm. This is the first demonstration of emission exceeding wavelengths of 2.1 µm of an only thulium-doped fiber laser, to the best of our knowledge.
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Schornig, Carla, Marius Stef, Gabriel Buse, Maria Poienar, Philippe Veber, and Daniel Vizman. "Spectroscopic Properties of TmF3-Doped CaF2 Crystals." Materials 17, no. 20 (October 11, 2024): 4965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17204965.
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In this study, we report the growth and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of TmF3-doped CaF2 crystals, grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of both trivalent (Tm3+) and divalent (Tm2+) thulium ions were investigated. Optical absorption spectra in the UV-VIS-NIR range reveal characteristic transitions of Tm3+ ions, as well as weaker absorption bands corresponding to Tm2+ ions. The Judd–Ofelt (JO) formalism was applied to determine the intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6, which were used to calculate radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios, and radiative lifetimes for the Tm3+ ions. The emission spectra showed concentration-dependent quenching effects, with significant emissions observed for the concentration of 0.1 mol% TmF3 under excitation at 260 nm and 353 nm for Tm3+ ions and at 305 nm for Tm2+ ions. A new UV emission associated with divalent Thulium is reported. The results indicate that higher TmF3 concentrations lead to increased non-radiative energy transfer, which reduces luminescence efficiency. These findings contribute to the understanding of the optical behavior of Tm-doped fluoride crystals, with implications for their application in laser technologies and radiation dosimetry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thulium and homium ions"
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Eremeev, Kirill. "Brοadband emitting materials dοped with thulium and hοlmium iοns fοr sοlid-state lasers at 2 μm and beyοnd." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC232.
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De nouveaux matériaux inorganiques actifs au laser, dopés avec des ions de thulium et d'holmium, ont été étudiés pour leur potentiel dans les lasers à accord large et ultrarapides fonctionnant dans la gamme spectrale infrarouge à ondes courtes de 2 à 3 μm. Les lasers émettant dans cette gamme spectrale trouvent de nombreuses applications, notamment dans les systèmes de télédétection par laser, la détection de gaz et la médecine. Ils sont utilisés comme systèmes amplificateurs pour la génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé, la génération de térahertz, et la conversion ultérieure de fréquence dans la région infrarouge moyen.La présente thèse de doctorat établit des relations entre les propriétés structurelles des matériaux cristallins d'oxydes et de fluorures, sous forme de monocristaux et de céramiques transparentes, et les propriétés spectroscopiques des ions dopants de thulium et d'holmium, ainsi que leurs caractéristiques laser, qui sont essentielles pour le développement des lasers. De plus, les processus physiques sous-jacents à un comportement laser inattendu sont révélés. Cette étude systématique des matériaux laser permet d'identifier les compositions les plus prometteuses pour le développement de lasers à large accordabilité et à impulsions ultracourtes.Cette étude se concentre principalement sur des matériaux présentant un élargissement spectral inhomogène significatif, se traduisant par des spectres d'absorption et d'émission larges et sans structure des ions dopants. Afin de promouvoir cet effet, plusieurs stratégies ont été envisagées, notamment l'agrégation d'ions de terres rares, le désordre de la structure locale, le désordre de composition dans les composés à solution solide et les bandes latérales de phonons résultant des interactions électron-phonon.La formation d'agrégats de thulium et d'holmium dans des cristaux de fluorure de calcium permet une opération laser efficace et à accord large autour de 2,1 μm. Une étude spectroscopique polarisée des propriétés d'émission des ions d'holmium dans des cristaux désordonnés d'aluminate de terres rares met en lumière ses propriétés spectrales à large bande et le rôle de l'émission assistée par multiphonons, qui se produit au-delà des transitions électroniques, dans les émissions laser inattendues observées dans les lasers à verrouillage de modes. Dans les céramiques à solution solide sesquioxyde du système ternaire yttria-lutécia-scandia dopées avec des ions de thulium, il existe une variation forte et presque linéaire de la force du champ cristallin avec la taille moyenne du cation formant l'hôte. Cette relation permet de personnaliser à la fois la position et la largeur de la bande d'émission au-delà de 2 μm en ajustant de manière appropriée la composition de l'hôte. Des opérations laser très efficaces des sesquioxydes dopés au thulium et à l'holmium autour de 2,1 μm et 2,3 μm ont été démontréesNovel laser-active inorganic materials doped with thulium and holmium ions have been investigated for their potential in broadly tunable and ultrafast lasers operating in the short-wave infrared spectral range of 2 to 3 μm. Lasers emitting within this spectral range find numerous applications, including light detection and ranging systems, gas sensing, medicine. They are used as amplifying systems for high harmonic generation and terahertz generation, and further frequency conversion into the mid-infrared region.The present PhD thesis establishes relationships between the structural properties of oxide and fluoride crystalline materials, in the form of single crystals and transparent ceramics, and the spectroscopic properties of thulium and holmium dopant ions, along with their laser characteristics, which are essential for laser development. Moreover, the physical processes underlying unexpected laser behaviour are revealed. This systematic study of laser materials allows for the identification of the most promising compositions for the development of broadly tunable and ultrashort pulse lasers.This study mainly focuses on materials that exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral line broadening, resulting in broad and structureless absorption and emission spectra of the dopant ions. In order to promote this effect, several strategies have been considered, including rare-earth ion clustering, local structure disorder, compositional disorder in solid-solution compounds, and phonon-sidebands arising from electron-phonon interactions.The formation of thulium and holmium clusters in calcium fluoride crystals enables efficient and broadly tunable laser operation around 2.1 μm. A polarized spectroscopic study of the emission properties of holmium ions in disordered calcium rare-earth aluminate crystals sheds light on its broadband spectral properties and on the role of multiphonon assisted emission, which occurs beyond electronic transitions, in unexpected laser emissions observed in mode-locked lasers. In solid-solution sesquioxide ceramics of the yttria-lutetia-scandia ternary system doped with thulium ions, there is a strong and nearly linear variation of the crystal-field strength with the mean size of the host-forming cation. This relationship allows for the customization of both the position and width of the emission band above 2 μm by appropriately adjusting the host composition. Highly efficient laser operations of thulium- and holmium-doped sesquioxides around 2.1 μm and 2.3 μm have been demonstrated
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Guéry, Claude. "Etudes spectroscopiques des ions thulium et holmium trivalents dans les verres de fluorures." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10064.
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Etude de trois verres: 1) 30 baf::(2)-30 inf::(3)-20 znf::(2)-10 yf::(3)-10 thf::(4), 2) 57 zrf::(4)-34 baf::(2)-5 laf::(3)-4 alf::(3), 3) 20 buf::(2)-28,75 alf::(3)-22,5 thf::(4)-28,75 yf::(3). Verification de la theorie de judd-ofelt pour les probabilites d'emission radiative des ions trivalents de ho et tm dans les trois verres. Analyse des transferts d'energie a partir des mesures de duree de vie de fluorescence: mise en evidence de deux types de sites d'impurete et de transferts d'energie par relaxation avisee a partir du niveau **(1)g::(4); absence de variation thermique des transferts entre 10 et 295 k. Etude des emissions ir de ho**(3+), en particulier a 2pm (**(5)i::(7)-**(5)i::(8)) et de l'absorption optique (deux sous-niveaux de l'etat fondamental **(5)i::(8)). Analyse de transfert d'energie entre ions ho**(3+) en fonction de leur concentration, et entre ions ho**(3+) et er afin d'intensifier l'emission a 2mu m. Amelioration de la preparation des verres en travaillant le melange de fluorures en atmosphere seche
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Guery, Claude. "Etudes spectroscopiques des ions thulium et holmium trivalents dans les verres de fluorures." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614067t.
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Zafarullah, Ijaz. "Thulium ions in a yttrium aluminum garnet host for quantum computing applications material analysis and single qubit operations /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/zafarullah/ZafarullahI0508.pdf.
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Rare-earth-doped crystals have been used for optical signal processing and storage applications. In this dissertation, their potential for quantum computing applications is explored. In one quantum computing scheme, information is stored in nuclear spin states and this information is then processed by using optical pulses through the coupling of these nuclear spin states to a common electronic level. To implement this scheme, nuclear spin states and coupling of these nuclear spin states to a common electronic level is required. Preliminary work in rare-earth materials like Pr3+ and Eu3+ has shown promising results regarding their suitability for quantum computing applications. One particular problem with these materials is that their transition wavelengths are only accessible with dye lasers. These lasers are inherently unstable, and currently few available systems exhibit the stability required for quantum computing applications. An alternative choice was to investigate other rare-earth ions like thulium. Thulium has a transition wavelength that can be accessed with diode lasers, which are commercially available, easy to stabilize, and compact. This dissertation is based on our investigations of Tm3+:YAG for quantum computing applications. Investigations involved a detailed characterization of the material. Nuclear spin states, in Tm3+:YAG, were obtained by applying an external magnetic field to the sample. First, interaction of an external magnetic field with the thulium ions at various sites in the crystal was analyzed. This analysis was used to measure the magnetic anisotropy in the material. These results show that it is possible, with the suitable choice of the magnetic orientation and the site in the crystal, to build a working 3-level quantum system. In the demonstration of single qubit operations in Tm3+:YAG, we first theoretically studied the effect of Gaussian spatial beam on the single qubit operations. Later on, we experimentally prepared a single isolated ensemble of ions in the inhomogeneously broadened absorption profile of the medium. This single isolated ensemble of ions was used as a test-bed to implement the single qubit operations. We also isolated two ensembles of ions in the inhomogeneous absorption profile of the medium. The interaction between these two isolated ensembles of ions was also studied.
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Boulma, El-Haine. "Etude des propriétés spectroscopiques des ions erbium et thulium trivalents dilués dans des cristaux de KY3F10." Reims, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REIMS025.
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La conversion de lumière vers les hautes fréquences s'effectue selon trois types de mécanismes d'excitation: absorptions successives de plusieurs photons, transfert d'énergie entre les ions dans un état excité et l'avalanche de photons. Ce dernier processus est un effet collectif basé sur un transfert d'énergie à partir d'un ion à l'état excité vers un ion à l'état fondamental. Sous certaines conditions, ces transferts peuvent conduire à une réaction en chaîne entraînant une importante augmentation de l'intensité de la fluorescence anti-Stokes. L'objet de ce travail est l'étude systématique de la fluorescence anti-Stokes des ions de terres rares trivalents dans les cristaux du type fluorite. Les études que nous présentons ont été effectuées en utilisant une excitation monochromatique autour de 650 nm fournie par un laser à colorant. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement les ions erbium et thulium dilués dans les monocristaux de KY3F10. Cette étude nous a permis de déterminer les sous niveaux Stark des différents multiplets 2S+1LJ des ions Er3+ et Tm3+ à la température de l'azote liquide avec une très bonne précision. Nous avons aussi exposé les résultats relatifs à la dynamique de la fluorescence anti-Stokes en analysant la variation de l'intensité de la fluorescence en fonction de la puissance d'excitation et en effectuant des mesures de durées de vie. Nous rapportons aussi les résultats d'une étude spectroscopique et dynamique des émissions anti-Stokes du même cristal de KY3F10 dopé par des ions Tm3+ démontrant l'effet de sensibilisation des ions Er3+, présents à l'état de traces, sur les raies d'absorption dans l'état excité du Tm3+The conversion of light towards high frequencies is carried out according to three excitation mechanism types: successive absorptions of several photons, the excited-state energy transfer between ions and the photons avalanche. This last process is a collective effect based on an energy transfer between an excited ion and an unexcited ion. Under certain conditions, these transfers can lead to a chain reaction inducing an important increase of anti-Stokes fluorescent intensity. The object of this work is the systematic study of the anti-Stokes fluorescence of the trivalent rare earth ions in the fluorite crystals. The studies, which we present, are recorded by using a monochromatic excitation around 650 nm provided by a tunable dye laser. I have studied more particularly the erbium and thulium diluted ions in the KY3F10 single crystals. This study permits to determine Starks sub-levels of the various 2S+LJ multiplets of Er3+ and Tm3+ ions at liquid nitrogen temperature with a very good precision. We expose also the results relating to the dynamics of anti-Stokes fluorescence, by analyzing the variation of the fluorescence intensity as a function of the excitation power and by taking measurements of lifetimes. We also report the results of a spectroscopic study of anti-Stokes emissions from a Tm3+-doped KY3F10 crystal demonstrating the sensitized effect of Er3+ ions, present as trace impurities, on the excited-state absorption lines of Tm3. In addition to Er3+ ion, the Ho3+ ion does not increase the possibilities of resonant transfer with the Tm3+ ion
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Galstyan, Ani. "The role of glass modifiers in the solubility of Tm3+ ions in As2S3 glasses." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27110.
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Au cours des années une variété des compositions de verre chalcogénure a été étudiée en tant qu’une matrice hôte pour les ions Terres Rares (TR). Pourtant, l’obtention d’une matrice de verre avec une haute solubilité des ions TR et la fabrication d’une fibre chalcogénure dopée au TR avec une bonne qualité optique reste toujours un grand défi. La présente thèse de doctorat se concentre sur l'étude de nouveaux systèmes vitreux comme des matrices hôtes pour le dopage des ions TR, ce qui a permis d'obtenir des fibres optiques dopées au TR qui sont transparents dans l’IR proche et moyenne. Les systèmes vitreux étudiés ont été basés sur le verre de sulfure d'arsenic (As2S3) co-dopé aux ions de Tm3+ et aux différents modificateurs du verre. Premièrement, l'addition de Gallium (Ga), comme un co-dopant, a été examinée et son influence sur les propriétés d'émission des ions de Tm a été explorée. Avec l'incorporation de Ga, la matrice d’As2S3 dopée au Tm a montré trois bandes d'émission à 1.2 μm (1H5→3H6), 1.4 μm (3H4→3F4) et 1.8 μm (3F4→3H6), sous l’excitation des longueurs d'onde de 698 nm et 800 nm. Les concentrations de Tm et de Ga ont été optimisées afin d’obtenir le meilleur rendement possible de photoluminescence. À partir de la composition optimale, la fibre Ga-As-S dopée au Tm3+ a été étirée et ses propriétés de luminescence ont été étudiées. Un mécanisme de formation structurale a été proposé pour ce système vitreux par la caractérisation structurale des verres Ga-As-S dopés au Tm3+, en utilisant la spectroscopie Raman et l’analyse de spectrométrie d'absorption des rayons X (EXAFS) à seuil K d’As, seuil K de Ga et seuil L3 de Tm et il a été corrélé avec les caractéristiques de luminescence de Tm. Dans la deuxième partie, la modification des verres As2S3 dopés au Tm3+, avec l'incorporation d'halogénures (Iode (I2)), a été étudiée en tant qu’une méthode pour l’adaptation des paramètres du procédé de purification afin d’obtenir une matrice de verre de haute pureté par distillation chimique. Les trois bandes d'émission susmentionnées ont été aussi bien observées pour ce système sous l'excitation à 800 nm. Les propriétés optiques, thermiques et structurelles de ces systèmes vitreux ont été caractérisées expérimentalement en fonction de la concentration d’I2 et de Tm dans le verre, où l'attention a été concentrée sur deux aspects principaux: l'influence de la concentration d’I2 sur l'intensité d'émission de Tm et les mécanismes responsables pour l'augmentation de la solubilité des ions de Tm dans la matrice d’As2S3 avec l’addition I2.Over the years a number of chalcogenide glass compositions have been studied as host matrices for Rare Earth (RE) ions. However, it still remains a great challenge to obtain a glass matrix with high solubility of RE ions and to fabricate a RE doped chalcogenide glass fiber with good optical quality. The present PhD thesis focuses on the study of new glassy systems as host matrices for doping of RE ions, which allowed to obtain RE doped optical fibers transparent in near and middle IR. Studied glassy systems were based on well-known arsenic sulphide (As2S3) glasses co-doped with Tm3+ ions and different glass modifiers. Firstly, the addition of Gallium (Ga) ions as co-dopants was examined and their influence on the emission properties of Tm ions was explored. With the incorporation of Ga into the host, Tm doped As2S3 glasses display three strong emission bands at 1.2 μm (1H5→3H6), 1.4 μm (3H4→3F4) and 1.8 μm (3F4→3H6) under excitation wavelengths of 698 nm and 800 nm. Despite the very small glass forming region of the system Ga-As-S we could optimise the concentration ratio of Ga and Tm to achieve the highest possible photoluminescence efficiency. From the optimal composition, Tm3+ doped Ga-As-S fiber was drawn and its luminescence properties were studied. Through structural characterisation of Tm doped Ga-As-S glasses, using Raman spectroscopy and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at As K-edge, Ga K-edge and Tm L3-edge, a formation mechanism has been proposed for this glassy system and it was correlated with luminescence features of Tm ions. In the second part, the modification of Tm3+ doped As2S3 glasses with the incorporation of halides (namely Iodine (I2)) was investigated, as a method for tailoring the process parameters for purification, in order to obtain a high purity glass matrix via chemical distillation. All three of above mentioned emission bands were observed for this system as well, under the 800 nm of excitation wavelength. Optical, thermal and structural properties of these glassy systems were characterized experimentally depending on the concentration of I2 and Tm in the glass, where the attention was concentrated on two principal aspects: the influence of the concentration of I2 on the intensity of emission of Tm and the mechanisms responsible for the increase of the solubility of Tm ions in As2S3 glass matrix with addition of I2.
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Blanc, Wilfried. "Contribution au développement de fibres optiques à base de silice dopée aux ions de terres rares." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735606.
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Loin de seulement guider la lumière, les fibres optiques s'avèrent être extrêmement polyvalentes. Dotées de fonctions passives tel qu'un filtrage spectral, elles sont à la base de très nombreux capteurs de contraintes (température, pression, allongement, etc). Dopées d'ions de terres rares, elles acquièrent des propriétés de luminescence exploitées pour la réalisation d'amplificateurs ou de lasers. Parmi les matériaux utilisés pour préparer des fibres, la silice est le verre de référence. Les fibres à base de silice possèdent de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques, une très grande transparence et peuvent être produites à grande échelle. Cependant, certaines caractéristiques (énergie des phonons, solubilité, etc) de ce verre peuvent être néfastes pour les propriétés optiques des ions de terres rares. Depuis ma prise de fonction en tant que CR2 CNRS en 2002 au LPMC (Nice), mes activités de recherche concernent la conception, la fabrication et la caractérisation de fibres optiques à base de silice. En particulier, je m'intéresse aux propriétés spectroscopiques des ions de terres rares. Le premier projet présenté concerne l'efficacité des émissions issues du niveau 3H4 de Tm3+. Celle-ci est pratiquement nulle à cause de l'énergie élevée des phonons de la silice. Une étude matériau, spectroscopique et la mise en place de simulations numériques ont permis de rendre compatible ces fibres avec des applications d'amplificateurs vers 1,47 µm (pour la bande S des télécommunications) et des lasers autour de 810 nm (télécommunications, médical, etc). Un autre projet vise à s'affranchir des limitations de la silice en encapsulant les ions de terres rares dans des particules de taille nanométrique. Une voie de synthèse originale de ces nanoparticules est proposée, basée sur des mécanismes de séparation de phase mettant à profit les traitements thermiques appliqués lors du procédé standard de fabrication de préformes de fibres optiques (MCVD). Ces travaux et les autres présentés dans ce tapuscrit ont été menés dans le cadre de collaborations nationales et internationales. Ils ont aussi été l'occasion de nombreux stages pour des étudiants de licence, master, thèse et post-doc. Le dernier chapitre permet de compléter le tour d'horizon de mes activités : administration de la recherche, enseignements dispensés à l'Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, actions de diffusion de la culture scientifique, etc
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Seze, Frédéric de. "Vers l'enregistrement d'un signal quantique dans des ions de terre rare en matrice cristalline." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011966.
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Cette thèse présente des études préliminaires visant à réaliser des mémoires quantiques dans des ions de terre rare en matrice cristalline. Si les photons sont les meilleurs vecteurs pour le transport d'information, les systèmes matériels représentent les meilleurs objets quantiques pour réaliser des opérations de stockage et de traitement de l'information. Les transitions Raman sont un processus intéressant pour réaliser le couplage lumière-matière car elles sont insensibles à la décohérence par émission spontanée. Les ions de terre rare ont été choisis car ils présentent des durées de vies de cohérence relativement longues. Après une présentation détaillée des différents ions de terre rare et des différentes matrices cristallines, on justifie le choix de travailler sur l'ion Thulium:YAG pour lequel un laser stabilisé a été réalisé. On discute de la façon de créer un système à trois niveaux efficace dans ce matériau à l'aide d'un champ magnétique, en utilisant l'effet couplé de l'interaction hyperfine et de l'effet Zeeman électronique. On présente les résultats expérimentaux de spectroscopie de l'ion Thulium en champ magnétique et on mesure les facteurs gyromagnétiques de ce système, en bon accord avec les valeurs théoriques. On détaille la procédure de préparation du système à trois niveaux de façon à éliminer l'effet de l'élargissement inhomogène des transitions. On décrit enfin une première opération de manipulation cohérente d'un ensemble macroscopique d'ions Thulium: le transfert adiabatique de population entre deux niveaux du système, par excitation cohérente "Sécante Hyperbolique Complexe". Des taux de transfert de l'ordre de 95% ont été atteintsThis thesis relates to preliminary studies aiming to achieve quantum memories in rare earth ions doped inorganic crystals. If photons are the best vectors for information transport, materials systems represent the best quantum objects to achieve inforrmation storage and manipulation. As they are insensitive to decoherence by spontaneous emission, Raman transitions are an interesting process to realize the light-matter coupling. Rare earth ions have been chosen because they exhibit relatively long coherence lifetime. After a detailed presentation of the different rare earth ions and the different crystals, we justify the choice of working on Thulium:YAG ions, for which we built a stabilised laser. We discuss on the possibility to create an efficient three-level system in this material with the help of an external magnetic field, using the coupled effect of hyperfine interaction and electronic Zeeman interaction. We present the experimentals results of spectroscopy of Thulium ion in a magnetic field and we measure the system gyromagnetic factors, which present a good agreement with the theoretical values. We present the three-level system preparation procedure, aiming to eliminate the transitions inhomogeneous broadening. We describe a first coherent manipulation process of a thulium ions macroscopic ensemble: the population adiabatic transfer between two levels of the system, using the "Complex Hyperbolic Secant" excitation procedure. Transfer rates of about 95% have been achieved
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Amâncio, Carlos Taveira. "Produção e caracterização de vidros de telureto tridopados com íons de terras raras e nanopartículas metálicas para uso em displays coloridos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-08072011-161632/.
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Neste trabalho são apresentados estudos de produção e caracterização de amostras vítreas de TeO2-PbO-GeO2 dopadas com íons de érbio, túlio e itérbio preparadas com diferentes nanopartículas metálicas para aplicações em dispositivos como displays coloridos. Este sistema vítreo apresenta uma larga janela de transmissão no visível e no infravermelho (350 6500 nm), alta solubilidade para os íons de terras raras, baixa energia de fônon (em torno de 700 cm-1) e considerável estabilidade química, mecânica e térmica, que são fatores indispensáveis para produção de displays ou dispositivos utilizados para iluminação. Este trabalho pode ser dividido em três partes, sendo iniciado com o estudo da fotoluminescência de vidros de telureto com dopante érbio, seguido do estudo da codopagem com érbio e itérbio. Na segunda parte é estudada a interferência das nanopartículas metálicas na luminescência das amostras codopadas com érbio e itérbio e, finalmente, na terceira parte, são estudadas amostras tridopadas com érbio, túlio e itérbio com e sem nanopartículas metálicas. Através das medidas de absorção óptica e medidas de emissão, foi observada a incorporação dos íons de terras raras na forma trivalente e por meio das medidas de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão de elétrons foi analisada a nucleação das nanopartículas metálicas. Dentre as amostras codopadas, produzidas com diferentes nanopartículas metálicas, destaca-se a amostra com nucleação de prata para a qual foi observado aumento da luminescência de conversão ascendente do érbio de aproximadamente 50%. As amostras tridopadas mostraram-se promissoras para aplicações com displays coloridos.This works presents studies of the production and the characterization of TeO2 -PbO-GeO2 doped with erbium, thulium and ytterbium ions and also prepared with different metallic nanoparticles for applications in displays. This glass system presents a broad transmission window in the visible and infrared (350 - 6500 nm), high solubility for rare earth ions, low phonon energy (about 700 cm-1) and considerable chemical, mechanical and thermal, stabilities which are important factors for the production of displays or devices used for illumination. This work can be divided in three parts, and starts with the study of the photoluminescence of teluritte glasses doped with erbium followed by the study of erbium and ytterbium codoped glasses. The second part presents the influence of metallic nanoparticles on the luminescence of samples codoped with erbium and ytterbium and, finally, in the third part, the study of samples doped with erbium, thulium and ytterbium with and without metallic nanoparticles. The incorporation of rare earth ions in the trivalent form was determined by means of optical absorption and emission measurements and, by using the transmission electron microscopy technique to the nucleation of metallic nanoparticles. Among the codoped samples, produced with different metallic nanoparticles, we remark the sample produced with silver nanoparticles that presented enhancement of erbium upconversion luminescence of approximately 50%. Samples doped with erbium, thulium and ytterbium showed possible applications for full color displays.
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Rubin, Jacques. "Etude de la dynamique des transferts d'énergie et des fluorescences dans un matériau laser à solide émettant dans l'infra-rouge le monocristal YLIF dopé aux ions terres rares erbium thulium et holmium /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609593r.
Full textBooks on the topic "Thulium and homium ions"
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M, Buoncristiani A., Di Bartolo B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Excited state dynamics of thulium ions in yttrium aluminum garnets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.
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Martin, Buoncristiani A., Di Bartolo Baldassare, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Excited state dynamics of thulium ions in yttrium aluminum garnets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Thulium and homium ions"
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Butenkov, Dmitry A., Anna M. Vasilenkova, Karel Veselský, Pavel Loiko, Alain Braud, Patrice Camy, and Olga B. Petrova. "Spectroscopy of thulium ions in novel oxychloride lead-tellurite glasses." In 2024 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO), 384. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo59702.2024.10624215.
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Korolkov, M. V., I. A. Khodasevich, A. S. Piotukh, A. S. Grabtchikov, E. V. Kolobkova, T. V. Nguyen, and D. S. Mogilevtsev. "Identification of up-conversion luminescence lines of fluorophosphate glass doped with ytterbium and thulium ions by respective nonlinearity of the upconversion process." In 2024 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO), 298. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo59702.2024.10624355.
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Pak, Dongmin, Arindam Nandi, Michael Titze, Edward S. Bielejec, Hadiseh Alaeian, and Mahdi Hosseini. "Emission from Arrays of Tm3+ Ions in Solid-State Microphotonics." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.ftu1a.1.
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Using an ion implantation technique, we demonstrate that precisely implanted arrays of thulium ions can be engineered to study collective and coherent light-atom interactions on solid-state lithium niobate ring resonators.
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Kirsch, D. C., P. Vařák, P. Honzátko, P. Peterka, and M. Chernysheva. "Thulium Ion Pair enriched Saturable Absorber Fibres for high-power Self-Mode-Locking." In Specialty Optical Fibers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2022.soth2i.2.
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The impact of thulium ions clustering on saturable absorption of active fibres is investigated. The self-mode-locked thulium-doped laser demonstrates 350-fs solitons at 45-MHz repetition rate with 80-mW average power, making this an affordable, durable, and all-fibre integrated instrumentation.
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Pedrini, C., A. Brenier, J. Rubin, R. Moncorge, and B. Moine. "Excited State Dynamics Of Erbium, Thulium, Holmium Ions In Lithium Yttrium Fluoride And Fluoride Glasses." In French-Israeli Workshop on Solid-State Lasers, edited by Georges Boulon, Christian K. Jorgensen, and Renata Reisfeld. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.981472.
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Kazaryan, Mishik A., Sergey Rasmagin, Vitaly Krasovskii, Leon Apresyan, Igor Novikov, and Vitaly Krystob. "Effect of mint solution concentration on the absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles in thulium ions presence." In XIII International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers, edited by Andrei M. Kabanov and Victor F. Tarasenko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2302975.
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Zmojda, Jacek, Marcin Kochanowicz, Tomasz Ragin, Dominik Dorosz, and Maciej Sitarz. "Near-infrared emission and energy transfer in tellurite glasses co-doped with erbium and thulium ions." In 15th Conference on Optical Fibers and Their Applications, edited by Jan Dorosz and Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2065541.
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Booth, I. J., J. L. Archambault, and B. F. Ventrudo. "Photodarkening in Upconversion Pumped Thulium Doped Fluorozirconate Fibre Lasers." In Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmd.6.
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Upconversion pumped lasing in rare earth doped fluorozirconate optical fibre offers the potential for compact blue green laser sources pumped by commercially available infrared laser diodes. A promising candidate for such a source is the thulium system first demonstrated by Steve Grubb and co-workers [1], which lases in the blue at 482 nm with a single pump source at about 1130 nm. Figure 1 illustrates the relevant energy levels of the trivalent thulium ion, and the upconversion mechanism. Ions excited to the short lived H5 and F23 levels decay rapidly by phonon emission to the metastable H4 and F4 levels from which further upconversion transitions occur. The centre wavelengths of the three transitions are respectively 1220 nm (H6 to Hs), 1130 nm (H4 to F2), and 1150 nm (F4 to G4), but because of the broadening of the transitions in glass it is possible to excite all three with a single wavelength pump in the range 1110 nm to 1160 nm. The next energy level above G4 in thulium is D2 with a transition of 1480 nm separating the two, so that further upconversion above G4 should not occur, or only very weakly. A low phonon energy host material such as ZBLAN fluorozirconate glass is necessary so that the metastable levels do not decay rapidly by phonon emission.
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Laperle, Pierre, Réal Vallée, Alain Chandonnet, and Sophie LaRochelle. "Temperature dependence of UV-induced defects in thulium-doped ZBLAN fibers." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jmh.3.
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The thulium-doped ZBLAN fiber has been identified as a promising candidate for the generation of coherent blue radiation.1 Yet Tm-ZBLAN blue fiber lasers have been shown to suffer from a progressive deterioration of their performances as they operate for several hours, apparently because of an increase in the absorption of the fiber at the laser wavelength. This problem, which has been clearly observed with a pumping source at 1.12 μm, is thought to be related to the formation of defect centers induced by UV radiation generated as a by-product of the upconversion process occuring in the thulium ions.2,3 The induced absorption can be bleached by exposure to visible light. However, the observed photobleaching is only temporary and a permanent recovery of the pristine condition of the glass can only be achieved by a thermal treatment. Moreover, the darkening as well as the bleaching processes taking place in these fibers have been shown to be well described by stretched-exponential (S-E) functions.4 Thus, it appears that a better understanding of these defects, which is crucial for the development of practical Tm-ZBLAN blue fiber lasers, relies on the study of their UV-induced formation as well as their temperature dependence. We report on these two mechanisms and, through an S-E analysis of the temperature dependence of the defects, show to what extent they are related.
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Thrash, R. J., and L. F. Johnson. "Room temperature upconversion lasers in rare-earth doped crystals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mj1.
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Diode laser pumped, room temperature upconversion lasers are one possible route to ail solid-state visible wavelength laser devices. Room temperature, upconversion laser operation has been obtained by using barium yttrium fluoride doped with either thulium or erbium ions, and sensitized with ytterbium. The 960 nm output from a titanium sapphire laser or diode laser serves as the pump source. Excitation is accomplished by means of energy transfer from ytterbium to the active ion. Successive transfers of energy from ytterbium to the active ion, as well as cross-relaxation processes among the active ions, distribute the energy to the various excited states responsible for the laser emission. Laser operation has been obtained at wavelengths in the red, green, and blue regions of the visible spectrum. Several of these transitions are capable of cw operation. A discussion of the pumping processes and recent results will be presented.