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1
Roberts, Gerald Patrick. "Deformation and diagenetic histories around foreland thrust faults." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6258/.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between deformation and fluid flow along thrust zones. The study was carried out in the Vercors, French Sub-Alpine Chains foreland thrust belt. Study of the thermal alteration of organic matter within the area suggests that prior to west-north-west directed thrusting within the Vercors basin in post middle Miocene times, the rocks now exposed at the surface had not been buried beneath a large thickness of foredeep sediments and remained within the diagenetic realm. Deeper buried levels within the stratigraphy passed into the hydrocarbon generation window prior to thrusting within the Vercors basin. The rocks presently exposed at the surface also remained in the diagenetic realm during and after the thrusting which suggests that thrust sheet loading did not significantly contribute to thermal alteration of organic matter. The structures of the thrust belt may have been possible structural traps for any hydrocarbons which underwent re-migration during the thrusting. The structures have been exhumed by erosion during isostatic uplift. The Rencurel Thrust and overlying Rencurel Thrust Sheet were selected for special study as they are of regional structural importance. The thrust emplaces Urgonian limestones onto Miocene molasse sediments at present erosion levels. The thrust sheet is internally deformed by thrusts and folds. Structural data indicate that the deformation within the thrust sheet and within the Rencurel Thrust Zone occurred during one kinematically linked phase of thrusting. The Rencurel Thrust Zone itself is around 100 metres thick. The higher part of the thrust zone is composed of an array of minor faults developed within the Urgonian. These fault zones are generally less than 10cm wide and are coated in fault gouge. This array of faults is underlain by a gouge zone along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and the Miocene which is several metres thick. The gouge zones were all formed during the action of diffusive mass transfer (DMT) and cataclasis as deformation mechanisms. The wall-rocks to the gouge zones are relatively undeformed by the action of cataclasis. Cataclasis is dilatant and produces fracture porosity which increases the permeability of the fault zones whilst DMT reduces the porosity and permeability of the fault zones due to cement precipitation and pressure dissolution. Cross- cutting relationships between the microstructures indicating the action of cataclasis and DMT, suggest that the porosity and permeability of the fault rocks changed in a complex manner during the incremental deformation. This has important implications for assessing syn-kinematic fluid migration through fault zones. The fault rocks exposed at the surface today are relatively impermeable compared to undeformed wall-rocks away from the fault zone which have permeabilities comparable to those found within hydrocarbon reservoirs. The thrust zone may have been a seal in the sub-surface after the cessation of thrusting but prior to uplift and erosion. Early distributed deformation produced an array of minor faults within the Urgonian. Cataclasis had ceased along these faults before later deformation became localised along the gouge zone which exists along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and the Miocene rocks. Early deformation was accompanied by the migration through fracture porosity of pore waters which were saturated with respect to calcite and had interacted with organic matter which was being thermally altered. This fluid flow system was not connected to fluid flow higher in the stratigraphy which resulted in the precipitation of ferroan calcite within fracture porosity in the Senonian limestones. Late deformation within the thrust zone was accompanied by the migration of hydrocarbons and pore waters saturated with respect to calcite and pyrite. All the pore waters involved in migration through the active thrust zone seem to have migrated up-dip. They migrated from levels in the stratigraphy where organic metamorphism and the maturation of hydrocarbons were occurring to levels in the deformed section which have always remained within the diagenetic realm. Ferroan calcite, pyrite and traces of hydrocarbons have not been found outside the gouge zone along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and Miocene. The fracturing which occurred to open this migration pathway did not re- fracture the inactive minor faults which were impermeable at this time. Fluid migration at this time was confined to beneath the zone of impermeable minor faults in the Urgonian and did not contribute to the diagenesis of the rocks above the thrust zone. Hydrocarbons could not have entered the hanging-wall anticline above the thrust zone from this migration pathway. The fracturing at this time did not produce connected fracture networks pervasively throughout the thrust zone which suggests that the deformation may not have released large amounts of energy in the form of seismic waves.
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Sturms, Jason M. "Surficial mapping and kinematic modeling of the St. Clair thrust fault, Monroe County, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5597.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 84 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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McClay, K. R. "Structural geology and tectonics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdm126.pdf.
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Wigginton, Sarah S. "The Influence of Mechanical Stratigraphy on Thrust-Ramp Nucleation and Propagation of Thrust Faults." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7344.
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Our current understanding of thrust fault kinematics predicts that thrust faults nucleate on low angle, weak surfaces before they propagate upward and forms a higher angle ramp. While this classic kinematic and geometric model serves well in some settings, it does not fully consider the observations of footwall deformation beneath some thrust faults. We examine an alternative end-member model of thrust fault formation called “ramp-first” fault formation. This model hypothesizes that in mechanically layered rocks, thrust ramps nucleate in the structurally strong units, and that faults can propagate both upward and downward into weaker units forming folds at both fault tips. To explore this model, we integrate traditional structural geology field methods, two dimensional cross section reconstructions, and finite element modeling. Field data and retro-deformable cross sections suggest that thrust faults at the Ketobe Knob, in Utah nucleated in strong layers and propagated upward and downward creating folds in weak layers. These findings support the hypothesis that thrust faults and associated folds at the Ketobe Knob developed in accordance with the ramp-first kinematic model.We can apply this understanding of the mechanics behind thrust fault nucleation and propagation in mechanically layered stratigraphy to a wide range of geological disciplines like structural geology and tectonics, seismology, and petroleum geology. By incorporating our knowledge of lithology into fault models, geologists are more likely to correctly interpret structures with limited data sets.
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Tully, Justin Edward. "Structural interpretation of the Elk Range thrust system, Western Colorado, USA." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/tully/TullyJ0509.pdf.
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The Elk Mountains of western Colorado expose Pennsylvanian-Permian strata that were deposited along the western margin of the Ancestral Central Colorado Trough. These rocks were displaced southwestward in Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene time along the northeast-dipping Elk Range thrust system. The thrust system trends southeast from Redstone, CO to the Fossil Ridge wilderness and includes the en echelon Elk Range and Brush Creek thrust faults. This thrust system represents the deeply eroded up-plunge core of a major Laramide basement-cored fold in western Colorado, the Grand Hogback monocline. The emergence of the thrust system from the fold's core is well documented at all scales of geologic mapping over the northwest end of the system. This surface relationship is undemonstrated in previous structural interpretations, which invoke a mechanism of gravity sliding within the sedimentary package, induced by vertical basement uplift. To the southeast a critical portion of the system had remained unmapped in any contiguous detail. This critical area exposes the basement roots of the thrust system, as it merges with the reverse-faulted southwestern margin of the Laramide Sawatch Range basement arch. This thesis presents a new structural architecture for the Elk Range thrust system through: 1) new 1:24,000 scale mapping of the emergent root zone, 2) regional balanced cross-section analysis 3) demonstration of a genetic relationship with the Grand Hogback monocline, and 4) consideration of contemporary basement-involved foreland contraction models. The fault system is a basement-rooted, right-stepping, en echelon thrust front. The Elk Range thrust sheet is truncated by high-angle reverse faults to the east and the Brush Creek thrust becomes steeper and merges with reverse faults to the southeast. The western Sawatch front shows evidence for late-stage, north-south directed contraction. Thus, the Elk Range thrust system represents an inverted segment of the western Ancestral Colorado Trough. Structurally, it represents a transitional deformation regime between fold-shortening (Grand Hogback monocline) and high-angle reverse-faulting (Sawatch arch). Together, this tectonic continuum marks Colorado's westernmost Laramide deformation front against the Colorado Plateau. Younger deformation is observed and discussed with respect to the region's dynamic transition from Laramide contraction to Rio Grande rifting.
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Patthoff, D. Alex. "Structure and crustal balance of the Herald Arch and Hope Basin in the Chukchi Sea, Alaska." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5888.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 106 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103).
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Lock, Jane. "Interpreting how low-temperature thermochronometric data in fold-and-thrust belts : an example from the Western Foothills, Taiwan /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6698.
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Goddard, James V. "Internal Deformation, Evolution, and Fluid Flow in Basement-Involved Thrust Faults, Northwestern Wyoming." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6697.
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An integrated field , microstructure, fracture statistic , geochemistry , and laboratory permeability study of the East Fork and White Rock fault zones , of similar age and tectonic regime but different structural level and hydrogeologic history , provides detailed information about the internal deformation and fluid flow processes in fault zones . The primary conclusions of this research are: 1) Fault zones can be separated into subzones of protolith, damaged zone , and gouge /cataclasite , based on physical morphology and permeability structure . At deep structural levels, gouge/cataclasite zones are more evolved (thicker with increased grain size reduction) due to strain localization , higher pressure and temperature, and fluid/rock interaction ; 2) Deformation mechanisms evolved from primarily brittle fracturing and faulting in the damaged zone to extreme, fluid-enhanced chemical breakdown and cataclasis which localized strain in the fault core. Deformation in the deep-level-fault core may be a combination of frictional and quasiplastic mechanisms, and is largely controlled by extremely fine-grained clays, zeolites , and other phyllosilicates that may have acted as a thermally pressurized, fluid-saturated lubricant; 3) Permeability in fault zones was temporally heterogeneous and anisotropic (permeability of damaged zone>protolith>gouge /cataclasite, permeability along fault> permeability across fault); 4) Volume loss was concentrated in the fault cores and was negligible at intermediate structural
levels and high at deep structural levels in the semi-brittle to brittle regime ; 5) Fluid flow and solute transport were concentrated upwards and subparallel to the fault in the damaged zone ; 6) Faults at both the local and regional scale acted as fluid flow conduit/barrier systems depending upon the evolutionary stage and interval in the seismic cycle ; 7) Fluid/rock volume ratios , fluid flux , and fluid/rock volume ratios over time ranged from ⋍ 103 to 104, 10-6 ms-1 to 10-9 ms-1, and 0.05 L/m3 rock•yr to 0.50 L/m3 rock•yr, respectively, suggesting that enormous quantities of fluids passed through the fault zones; 8) Box counting fractal analyses of fault zone fractures showed that fracture spatial and density distribution is scale-invariant at the separate scales of outcrop , hand-sample , and thin section, but self-affine from outcrop to thin-section scale; 9) Linear fractal analysis depicts clustering and density distribution as a function of orientation, and may be a quick, robust method of estimating two-dimensional fracture permeability; and 10) Fractal analysis of fractures is not a comprehensive statistical method, but can be used as another supplemental statistical parameter.
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Ward, Emily M. Geraghty. "Development of the Rocky Mountain foreland basin combined structural, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis of basin evolution, Rocky Mountain thrust front, northwest Montana /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09262007-094800/.
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Forest, Richard C. "Structures and metamorphism of Ptarmigan Creek area, Selwyn Range, B.C." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63337.
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Hull, Jonathan N. F. "Sequence stratigraphic evolution of the Albian to recent section of the Dampier Sub-basin, North West Shelf, Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh9128.pdf.
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Four folded maps in pocket on back cover. Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Includes bibliographical references (9 leaves). An integrated biostratigraphic, wireline, seismic, lithological and 3D-Chronostrat sequence stratigraphic study has been conducted to investigate the evolution of the Albian to recent section of the Dampier Sub-basin on Australia's North West Shelf,.
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Hansen, Ashley D. "Reservoir characterization and outcrop analogs to the Navajo sandstone in the Central Utah thrust belt exploration play /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1919.pdf.
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Watkins, Hannah E. "Characterising and predicting fracture patterns in a sandstone fold-and-thrust belt." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227123.
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Fracture distribution in a fold and thrust belt is commonly thought to vary depending on structural position, strain, lithology and mechanical stratigraphy. The distribution, geometry, orientation, intensity, connectivity and fill of fractures in a reservoir are all important influences on fractured reservoir quality. The presence of fractures is particularly beneficial in reservoirs that contain little matrix porosity or permeability, for example tight sandstones. In these examples fractures provide essential secondary porosity and permeability that enhance reservoir production. To predict how reservoir quality may fluctuate spatially, it is important to understand how fracture attributes may vary, and what controls them. This research aims to investigate the influence of structural position on fracture attribute variations. Detailed fracture data collection is undertaken on folded sandstone outcrops. 2D forward modelling and 3D model restorations are used to predict strain distribution in the fold-and-thrust belt. Relationships between fracture attributes and predicted strain are determined. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling is then undertaken to predict fracture attribute variations. DFN modelling results are compared with field fracture data to determine how well fractured reservoir quality can be predicted. Field data suggests strain is a major controlling factor on fracture formation. Fractures become more organised and predictable as strain increases. For example in high strain forelimb regions, fracture intensity and connectivity are high, and fracture orientations are consistent. In lower strain regions, fracture attributes are much more variable and unpredictable. Fracture variations often do not correspond to strain fluctuations, and correlations can be seen between fracture intensity and lithology. Reservoir quality is likely to be much more variable in low strain regions than high strain regions. DFN modelling is also challenging because fracture attribute variations in low strain regions do not correspond to strain, and therefore cannot be predicted.
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Kendrick, Richard D. "Magnitude of Displacement and Styles of Deformation on the Paris and Laketown Thrust Faults, Northern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6783.
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Surface geology is combined with abundant industry seismic-reflection and drill-hole data in the central Bear River Range and Bear Lake Plateau to depict the forms and interactions of the Paris-Woodruff-Willard, Laketown-Meade-Home Canyon, and Crawford thrust faults. Displacement on the Paris thrust diminished to the south, and died out in splays where displacement was transferred to the Willard thrust. West of Woodruff, Utah, splays of the Laketown thrust deformed a complex footwall imbricate of the Willard thrust. To the east, a major northeast-striking Crawford thrust splay exhibits a change in slip vectors from east to southeast. Reorientation of these slip vectors is recorded by an imbricate stack of thrusts in the Willard thrust footwall to the west. The sharp bend in the surface trace of the Crawford normal fault southeast of Randolph, Utah, reflects the separation of the south-southeast-trending surface traces of the Crawford thrust and this northeast-trending splay.
Cross sections indicate that the Sheep Creek thrust, a major splay off the basal decollement at the base of the Crawford thrust sheet, accommodated displacement during the transition from thrusting on the western thrust system (Paris-Woodruff-Willard, and Laketown-Meade-Home Canyon) to the structurally lower eastern thrust system (Crawford, Absaroka, and younger thrusts). The Sheep Creek thrust trends northeast and folded the Laketown thrust in the central Bear River Range. Shortening in the northeast part of the study area was accommodated by the Home Canyon thrust along a detachment in the Jurassic Twin Creek Limestone. Several splays from this thrust extensively folded the footwall of the Meade thrust and rocks of the Bear Lake Plateau, and thereby formed a series of hanging-wall anticlines that have been extensively drilled for hydrocarbons.
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Krauss, Jason B. "High-pressure (HP), granulite-facies thrusting in a thick-skinned thrust system in the eastern Grenville Province, central Labrador /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2002. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,42716.
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May, Bryce Derrick. "Comparative geomorphology of two active tectonic structures, near Oxford, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1521.
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The North Canterbury tectonic setting involves the southward propagating margin of easterly strike-slip activity intersecting earlier thrust activity propagating east from the Alpine Fault. The resulting tectonics contain a variety of structures caused by the way these patterns overlap, creating complexities on the regional and individual feature scale. An unpublished map by Jongens et al. (1999) shows the Ashley-Loburn Fault System crossing the plains from the east connected with the Springfield Thrust Fault in the western margins, possibly the southern limit of the east-west trending strikeslip activity. Of note are two hill structures inferred to be affected by this fault system. View Hill to the west, is on the south side of this fault junction, and Starvation Hill further east, was shown lying on the north side of a left stepover restraining bend. During thrust uplift and simple tilting of the View Hill structure, at least two uplift events post date last Pleistocene aggradation accounting for variations in scarp morphology. Broad constraints on fault dip and the age of the displacement surface suggest that slip-rates are in the order of 0.5 mm/year. East from View Hill, the strike-slip fault was originally thought to curve northeast, around the southeast of Starvation Hill. But there is neither evidence of a scarp, nor other clear evidence of surface faulting at Starvation Hill, which poses the question of the extent to which folding may reflect both fault geometry and fault activity. Starvation Hill is a triangular shape, with a series of distinctive smooth, semi-planar surfaces, lapping across both sides of the hill at a range of elevations and gradients. These surfaces are thought to be remnants of old river channels, and are indicative of tilting and upwarping of the hill structure. 3D computer modelling of these surfaces, combined with studies of the cover sequence on the hill, resulted in inferences being drawn as to the location of hinge lines of a dual-hinged anticline and an overview of the tectonic history of the hill. This illustrates the potential to apply topographical and geomorphic studies to the evolution of geometrically complex structures Starvation Hill is interpreted to be the result of two fault-generated folds, one fault trending north, the other, more recent fault, trending east. These two faults are thought to be sequentially developed segments of the original fault zone inferred by Jongens et al. (1999) but with reinterpreted location and mechanism detail. The presence of two faults has resulted in overprinted differential uplift of the structure, which has been significantly degraded, especially in the southwest corner of the hill. The majority of the formation of the northerly trending structure of Starvation Hill is inferred to be pre-Otiran, with uplift of the later east trending structure continuing into the late Pleistocene and Holocene.
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Hoehn, Jack R. "Low-Temperature Deformation of Mixed Siliciclastic & Carbonate Fault Rocks of the Copper Creek, Hunter Valley, and McConnell Thrusts." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1400002733.
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Gong, Zhijun, and 龚志军. "Application of optical dating to late quaternary uplift and thrust activity in the northern piedmont of Tian Shan, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193394.
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Tian Shan is one of the most important orogenic belts in central Asia. It has been reactivated as a result of the Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision. Dating of the late Cenozoic tectonic deformation of Tian Shan and its piedmonts is important for understanding the mountain building as well as evaluating seismic hazards in the region. This study is focused on the applications of optical dating to the late Quaternary uplift and thrust activity along Manas River, in the northern piedmont of the Tian Shan, China.
The sediments on river terraces were dated with optical dating. The elevations were measured with the kinematic global position system (GPS). The results suggest that two phases can be identified according to the significantly different river incision rates. One phase was from ~20 ka to ~4.8 ka, with a much slower incision rate of ~ 2.2 ± 0.6 mm/yr. The other phase was from ~4.8 ka to present, with a faster incision rate of ~ 13.5 ± 0.6 mm/yr. The accelerated incision rate of Manas River was mainly attributed to the tectonic forces, suggesting that the tectonic uplift was significantly intensified since ~4.8 ka in the northern piedmont of Tian Shan.
The study region has suffered from multiple thrust activities during the late Quaternary, which led to the intensive deformations of the river terraces. By studying the deformed terraces, I evaluated the timing of the past thrust activities as well as the vertical slip rate of the thrust faults. The results demonstrated that the thrust activity intensified during the late Holocene, as manifested by the more frequent thrust activities and higher vertical slip rates.
Both quartz and potassium feldspar can be as dosimeters for optical dating of sediments. However, quartz OSL is sometimes seriously impeded with problems such as very dim signals and insufficient bleaching problems. K-feldspar has attractive advantages over quartz, despite of problem of anomalous fading. K-feldspar was explored in this study, by investigating the relationship between the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and blue light stimulated luminescence (BLSL) signals. For IRSL and BLSL at 60 °C, it was suggested that most of the IRSL could be bleached by blue light (BL), while the BLSL could only be partially bleached by infrared (IR) stimulation. Besides, the fast and medium components of BLSL were mainly associated with the IRSL. If IR stimulation temperature was raised from 60 to 200 °C, at least two portions of the IRSL signals at 200 °C were observed. One portion could be bleached by BL at 60 °C and the other portion was hardly bleached by BL at 60 °C. Dating of K-feldspar from the various signals provided cross-checking for the reliability of quartz OSL for dating sedimentary samples.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Asim, Muhammad. "HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN A PART OF THE HIMALAYAN FORELAND BASIN." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1132262925.
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Camanni, Giovanni. "The structure of the south‐central Taiwan thrust belt." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284852.
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The Taiwan thrust belt is generally thought to develop above a shallow, through-going basal detachment confined to within the sedimentary cover of the Eurasian continental margin. A number of data sets, however, such as surface geology, earthquake hypocentre, and seismic tomography data among others, suggest that crustal levels below the interpreted location of the detachment are also currently being involved in the deformation. In this thesis, new surface geology data were combined with several available geophysical data sets to find a model for the structure of the south-central part of the thrust belt that takes into account deformation taking place at depth. Results of this thesis indicate that beneath the internal Hsuehshan and Central ranges the structural development of the south-central Taiwan thrust belt is controlled by steeply dipping and deep-penetrating faults that are currently inverting pre-existing basement faults inherited from the Eurasian continental margin. Basement rocks are uplifted along these faults to form a basement culmination in the interior of the thrust belt. Beneath the more external Coastal Plain and Western Foothills, however, most of the deformation appears to be taking place near the basement-cover interface, which is acting as an extensive level of detachment and still preserves the extensional geometry inherited from the Eurasian margin.La estructura de la cordillera de Taiwán se considera constituida por un sistema de cabalgamientos y pliegues desarrollados sobre un despegue basal con suave inclinación, situado en la cobertera sedimentara de la margen continental Euroasiática. Una cantidad creciente de datos de sismicidad y de geología de superficie, sin embargo, indican la existencia de actividad generalizada de fracturas en la corteza media e inferior y sugieren que los niveles de la corteza por debajo de la ubicación del despegue basal también están actualmente involucrados en la deformación. En esta tesis, nuevos datos de geología de superficie se combinaron con varios conjuntos de datos geofísicos disponibles para encontrar un modelo para la estructura de la parte sur-central de la cordillera de Taiwán. Los resultados de este trabajo indican que debajo de la parte interna de la área de estudio el desarrollo estructural de la cordillera de Taiwán esta controlado por fallas mayores con alta inclinación, que penetran hasta partes profundas de la corteza, y que están reactivando fallas preexistentes heredadas de la margen continental Euroasiática. Rocas de basamento están elevadas a lo largo de estas fallas y forman una culminación por debajo de las partes internas de la cordillera. Por debajo de el Coastal Plain y de las Western Foothills en la parte externa de la área de estudio, sin embargo, la mayor parte de la deformación parece estar teniendo lugar cerca de la interfaz basamento-cobertera, que está actuando como un amplio nivel de despegue basal y aún conserva la geometría extensional heredada de la margen continental Euroasiática.
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Guerrero, Francisco Jesus. "Death Valley reconstruction new piercingpoints in the Panamint Mountains and Resting Springs Range /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Washburn, Malissa. "Architecture of the Silurian sedimentary cover sequence in the Cadia porphyry Au-Cu district, NSW, Australia : implications for post-mineral deformation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1064.
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Alkalic porphyry style Au-Cu deposits of the Cadia district are associated with
Late-Ordovician monzonite intrusions, which were emplaced during the final phase of
Macquarie Arc magmatism at the end of the Benambran Orogeny. N-striking faults,
including the curviplanar, northerly striking, moderately west-dipping basement thrust faults of the Cadiangullong system, developed early in the district history. NE-striking faults formed during rifting in the late Silurian. Subsequent E-W directed Siluro- Devonian extension followed by regional E-W shortening during the Devonian
Tabberabberan Orogeny dismembered these intrusions, thereby superposing different
levels porphyry Au-Cu systems as well as the host stratigraphy.
During the late Silurian, the partially exhumed porphyry systems were buried
beneath the Waugoola Group sedimentary cover sequence, which is generally preserved
in the footwall of the Cadiangullong thrust fault system. The Waugoola Group is a
typical rift-sag sequence, deposited initially in local fault-bounded basins which then transitioned to a gradually shallowing marine environment as local topography was
overwhelmed. Basin geometry was controlled by pre-existing basement structures, which
were subsequently inverted during the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny, offsetting the unconformity by up to 300m vertically. In the Waugoola Group cover, this shortening
was accommodated via a complex network of minor detachments that strike parallel to
major underlying basement faults. For this reason, faults and folds measured at the
surface in the sedimentary cover can be used as a predictive tool to infer basement
structures at depth.
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Estrada, Roldan Beatriz Elena. "Neotectonic and palaeoseismological studies in the southwest of Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Environment, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0061.
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[Truncated abstract] The southwest of Western Australia is an intraplate area classified as a stable continental region. It comprises predominantly Archaean and Proterozoic geology and has generally subdued topography. The region currently experiences significant seismicity in the Southwest Seismic Zone (SWSZ), which is one of the most seismically active areas in Australia and is thought to represent the highest seismic hazard of the region. In recent years, numerous scarps, potentially related to large palaeoearthquakes have been recognised not only within the SWSZ, but also in a broader region of the southwest of Australia. Palaeoseismological investigations of two of these scarps, the Dumbleyung and the Lort River scarps, confirm their association with surface-rupturing palaeoearthquakes and indicate events with likely maximum magnitudes of ~Mw 7.0 on faults of low to medium slip rates. Two trenches across the Dumbleyung Fault scarp revealed a thrust fault in alluvial sediments with two associated earthquakes in the last ca 24-60 ka. A possible Holocene age was recognised for the last recorded earthquake event exposed in these trenches. Two trenches across the Lort River Scarp show that this feature results from thrust faulting in the weathered gneissic country rock. These trenches exposed evidence of two events in the last ca 35 ka, with a likely late Pleistocene age for the last earthquake. On both sites, the earthquakes are interpreted as associated with the last phase of fault activity, which was likely been preceded by a long period of quiescence. Assessment of the earthquake hazard associated with large earthquakes at the Dumbleyung and Lort River Faults resulted in calculated peak ground accelerations of up to 2 g in the near-fault fields. Such earthquakes would significantly affect nearby towns such as Dumbleyung, Wagin, Katanning, and Esperance, but they are unlikely to cause any significant damage in Perth. The palaeoseismological investigations show that the earthquake activity in the southwest of Western Australia is not only confined to the SWSZ, as it has been considered in previous assessments of the seismic hazard, but that there is also potential for strong earthquakes across much of the region. The seismicity in the southwest of Western Australia appears to be transient and migratory. This is suggested by the lack of local relief associated with places of current seismicity and fault scarps, the widespread distribution of the fault scarps across the region, the increase in seismicity in the SWSZ following strong recent events, and the apparent long periods of earthquake recurrence at fault sites. Accordingly, the current seismicity in the SWSZ is inferred to be transient and probably associated with stress changes produced by the recent earthquakes. '...' This uplift could be associated with dynamic topography effects resulting from processes along the plate margins. The uplift is probably enhanced by a flexural response of the lithosphere to local differential loads and density contrast along the southern margin, a mechanism that may also help explain the occurrence of some earthquake activity. The results from this study, complemented by additional palaeoseismological studies must be included in future probabilistic assessments of the seismic hazard of the southwest of Western Australia.
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Dauch, Christian. "Decrochements et chevauchements dans une zone de plate-forme : l'exemple du massif de la gresigne (aquitaine nord-orientale)." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30081.
Full textAbstract:
Presentation d'un modele de zone de decrochements et de chevauchements dans l'avant-pays nord de la chaine des pyrenees, massif de gresigne. Les macrostructures definissent le cadre tectonique general, les microstructures indiquent l'existence de deux directions principales de racourcissement qui se superposent. La structure du massif de la gresigne est une structure ecaillee de type duplex. Le mecanisme de deformation resulte de l'effet de coin forme par les decrochements limites convergents
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Grenier, Robert. "The Appalachian fold and thrust belt, northwestern Newfoundland /." 1990. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,108913.
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Van, Gool Jeroen Antonius Maria. "The Grenville front foreland fold-and-thrust belt in southwestern Labrador : mid-crustal structural and metamorphic configuration of a Proterozoic Orogenic thrust wedge /." 1992. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,48444.
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McClay, K. R. (Kenneth R. ). "Structural geology and tectonics / by Kenneth Ronald McClay." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38528.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.1 v. (various pagings) :
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Consists of 75 published papers on structural geology and tectonics grouped into 5 broad themes -- and ore deposits; analogue modelling; extensional tectonics; thrust tectonics; and, tectonics, all presented in chronological order within the group.
Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2000
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McClay, K. R. (Kenneth R. ). "Structural geology and tectonics / by Kenneth Ronald McClay." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38528.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.1 v. (various pagings) :
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Consists of 75 published papers on structural geology and tectonics grouped into 5 broad themes -- and ore deposits; analogue modelling; extensional tectonics; thrust tectonics; and, tectonics, all presented in chronological order within the group.
Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2000
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Cook, Jennie E. "Development of a dilatant damage zone along a thrust relay in a low-porosity quartz arenite." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/CookJennie.pdf.
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Breen, Nancy Ann. "Three investigations of accretionary wedge deformation." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16928889.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1987.Typescript. "These papers describe faulting and folding observed on the seafloor using SeaMARC II side-scan sonar, seismic reflection, and 3.5 kHz data"--P. 1. Includes bibliographical references.
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Qayyum, Mazhar. "Crustal shortening and tectonic evolution of the Salt Range in Northwest Himalaya, Pakistan /." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9504.
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Merguerian, Charles. "Stratigraphy, structural geology, and tectonic implications of the Shoo Fly Complex and the Calaveras-Shoo Fly thrust, Central Sierra Nevada, California." Thesis, 1985. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-mdta-w378.
Full textAbstract:
Mylonitic rocks of the Shoo Fly Complex form a region of epidote-amphibolite grade quartzose and granitoid gneiss, subordinate schist and calcareous rocks, and rare amphibolite in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada range in central California. The Shoo Fly has endured a complicated Phanerozoic structural development involving seven superposed deformations at variable crustal depths. The first four of these (D1-D4) involved tight to isoclinal folding and shearing under medium grade metamorphic conditions. The last three (D5-D7) are marked by open folding and retrograde metamorphism of older fabric elements.
The Shoo Fly is in ductile fault contact with east-dipping argillite, chert, and marble of the Calaveras Complex. The Calaveras-Shoo Fly thrust formed during D3 and is a 1-2 km wide syn-metamorphic ductile shear zone. Recognition of D3 overprinting of older Dl+D2 fabrics along the thrust zone indicates that upper plate Shoo Fly rocks record an earlier and more complex structural history than the lower plate Calaveras rocks.
Paleozoic gneissic granitoids, an important lithologic component of the Shoo Fly, were intruded as a series of plutons ranging from calc-alkaline gabbro to granitoid (predominate) to syenite. They truncated the early S1 foliation in the Shoo Fly and were folded during regional D2 and D3 events when they were penetratively deformed into augen gneiss, blastomylonite, and ultramylonite.
The Sonora dike swarm occurs as an areally extensive (> 1500 km2) subvertical consanguineous suite of andesite, lamprophyre, and basalt dikes that trend east-west across the Calaveras and Shoo Fly Complexes. The metamorphic complexes form the basement to a middle Jurassic calc-alkaline plutonic arc (Jawbone granitoid sequence). A middle Jurassic K-Ar age on the dikes (157-159 m.y.) together with the data of this report indicate that they are petrogenetically related to the Jawbone granitoid sequence and that the dikes probably formed during subduction beneath a continental arc.
The dikes provide an important structural marker in the Shoo Fly and Calaveras Complexes. Intrusion of the dike swarm was sensitive to a structural anisotropy in the basement complexes. Since they intruded east-west along a spaced regional schistosity developed during folding of the Calaveras-Shoo Fly thrust, thrusting and subsequent folding were clearly pre-middle Jurassic events.
Available geochronologic data sets middle Ordovician to late Devonian intrusive ages for the gneissic granitoids, establishing a pre-late Devonian depositional age for the Shoo Fly. D1 and intrusion of the orthogneiss protoliths may have been precursors of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Antler orogeny or, alternatively, may have occurred significantly earlier than the Antler orogeny. Based on cross-cutting relations, D2 formed during the Antler orogeny, D3 and possibly D4 during the Sonoma orogeny, and D5 and D6 during the Nevadan orogeny.
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Burbidge, David Ross. "The complex evolution of accretionary wedges and thrust belts : results from numerical experiments using the distinct element method." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148094.
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Das, Pradipta Kumar. "Extensional subsidence, inversion and volumetric contraction in the Bass Basin of Australia : a seismic study / Pradipta Kumar Das." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21781.
Full textAbstract:
"August, 2001"Bibliography: leaves 173-183.
xvi, 184, 12 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps, plates (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
"The primary objective of the study was to gain a better understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolutionary history of the Bass Basin. In particular, the study has focussed on mapping and analysing all the faults and fault patterns in the Bass Basin in relation to the subsidence history and its influence on sedimentation and hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The reason why the Durroon area and the Bass area behaved differently in response to extensional stresses was investigated. As a final outcome, it was thought important to clarify some of the existing disagreement about the broad tectonic and structural history of the basin and in particular to separate the influence of the Otway and Tasman Sea rifting episodes on the sedimentation history of the Bass and Durroon area. The study also aimed at investigating the occurence in the basin and nature of a recently recognised fault system, a polygonal fault system." --p. 2.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002
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Das, Pradipta Kumar. "Extensional subsidence, inversion and volumetric contraction in the Bass Basin of Australia : a seismic study / Pradipta Kumar Das." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21781.
Full textAbstract:
"August, 2001"Bibliography: leaves 173-183.
xvi, 184, 12 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps, plates (some col.) ; 30 cm.
"The primary objective of the study was to gain a better understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolutionary history of the Bass Basin. In particular, the study has focussed on mapping and analysing all the faults and fault patterns in the Bass Basin in relation to the subsidence history and its influence on sedimentation and hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The reason why the Durroon area and the Bass area behaved differently in response to extensional stresses was investigated. As a final outcome, it was thought important to clarify some of the existing disagreement about the broad tectonic and structural history of the basin and in particular to separate the influence of the Otway and Tasman Sea rifting episodes on the sedimentation history of the Bass and Durroon area. The study also aimed at investigating the occurence in the basin and nature of a recently recognised fault system, a polygonal fault system." --p. 2.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002
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Berthiaume, Jonathan David Donauer. "Neotectonic faults of the Paralana Escarpment and their influence on uranium-bearing fluid flow." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/118205.
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The Paralana Fault Zone is situated on the eastern flank of the northern Flinders Ranges and separates the Mesoproterozoic Mount Painter Domain to the west and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Lake Frome Embayment to the east. West-over-east neotectonic faults within the fault zone have been identified previously; the main ones having been described in literature but to date there have been no regional structural studies focusing on the geometry and kinematics of the Paralana Fault Zone. The fault zone juxtaposes uraniferous granites of the Mount Painter Inlier and the sandstone-hosted uranium deposits of the Lake Frome Embayment. Due to their proximity to such prospective zones of economic mineralization, understanding the interplay between these faults and the groundwater of the area is of crucial importance for future mineral exploration strategies. We have identified three individual thrust fault sets from a total of 56 catalogued faults, within an area of 150km2. Fault Set 1 strikes approximately NW-SE with moderate dip in both directions and a NE-SW principal stress direction (σ1). Fault Set 2 strikes N-S and has a shallow dip and E-W σ1. Fault Set 3 has an overall NE-SW strike, moderate dip, and is representative of the current stress regime with a σ1of NW-SE. Fault Set 3 features spectacular examples of neotectonic faulting, with Mesoproterozoic marbles and granites of the Mount Painter Inlier overlying Quaternary sandstones and conglomerates of the Frome Embayment. Observed fault displacements since the end of the Miocene range from 10 cm up to an estimated maximum of 800 m. We have sampled fault rocks from 34 measured faults and characterized micro textures ranging from unconsolidated fault gouge and breccia to heavily silicified fault gouge, indicating a range of fluid-flow conditions. To understand the possible fluids to have flowed through the faults, a hydrogeochemical study was conducted with water samples taken from range-proximal natural springs. After careful consideration of the fault orientation and attitudes, fault rock textures and chemical composition of spring waters, I conclude that there is no evidence for direct interaction between surficial neotectonic faults and uranium-bearing fluids.Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018
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McLaren, Sandra N. (Sandra Noeline). "Long-term consequences of the redistribution of heat producing elements within the continental crust: Australian examples / Sandra N. McLaren." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19839.
Full textAbstract:
Includes copies of articles co-authored by author during the preparation of this thesis in back pocket.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-124).
viii, 172 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Focuses on the impact of change in the distribution of heat producing elements on lithospheric thermal regimes and on temperature dependent processes such as metamorphism, magmatism and deformation, with application to Proteozoic Australia (Mount Isa and Mount Painter inliers).
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001
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McLaren, Sandra N. (Sandra Noeline). "Long-term consequences of the redistribution of heat producing elements within the continental crust: Australian examples / Sandra N. McLaren." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19839.
Full textAbstract:
Includes copies of articles co-authored by author during the preparation of this thesis in back pocket.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-124).
viii, 172 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Focuses on the impact of change in the distribution of heat producing elements on lithospheric thermal regimes and on temperature dependent processes such as metamorphism, magmatism and deformation, with application to Proteozoic Australia (Mount Isa and Mount Painter inliers).
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001
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Coley, Katharine Lancaster 1956. "Structural evolution of the Warwick Hills, Marathon Basin, West Texas." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10915.
Full textAbstract:
A detailed structural analysis was conducted of the Warwick Hills at the northeast tip of the doubly-plunging Dagger Flat anticlinorium, Marathon Basin, west Texas. Field work delineated a folded duplex structure composed of three horses. Thrust transport was towards the northwest and resulted in a hinterland-dipping duplex. Initial thrusting In the Warwick Hills shortened the area by 2.2:1 (54%). Post-thrusting, the duplex underwent nearly isoclinal folding creating two anticlines and a syncline, second-order folds to the Dagger Flat anticlinoium. Folding combined with thrusting brought the total shortening of the rock package to 6.5:1 (85%). Earlier estimates gave a shortening for the Warwick Hills of 3:1. Finally, the folded duplex was extended by oblique tear faulting that offset the folded thrusts accommodating extension of the major folds in a northeast direction. These tear faults occurred post-plunging of the folds and were the last deformational movements that affected the Warwick Hills. The Ordovician Maravillas and Devonian Caballos Formations acted in the Warwick Hills as a structurally competent couplet. Addition or subtraction of this couplet, or units in this couplet, controlled the location of the major and minor thrusts, the style and shape of folds, and the location of the fold hinges. Bounding the couplet are incompetent shales of the Ordovician Woods Hollow and the Mississippian Tesnus Formations. Thrusts in the Warwick Hills duplex have a basal décollement in the Woods Hollow shale and ramp up through the Maravillas/Caballos couplet with an upper décollement in the Tesnus shale. The entire duplex was primarily folded by flexural slip (i.e. concentric folds) as evidenced by slickensides oriented parallel to bedding and perpendicular to fold axes, the constant thickness of the competent layers and the change in fold shape with depth. Fold wavelength, as determined from the couplet in the lowest thrust sheet, averages ~1,300 m and the average fold axis for the Warwick Hills, as determined stereographically, plunges ~54° N90°E. Shale in the Woods Hollow and Tesnus Formations bounding the couplet, flowed passively during folding into the cavities that were created by the bending of the more competent units. Lower and upper boundaries of disharmonic folding developed in the Woods Hollow and Tesnus Formations respectively. Unique to this area when compared to the rest of the anticlinorium are the presence of tightly folded thrusts and steep east-trending fold axes. The anticlinorium plunges in the Warwick Hills because it drapes off a down-to-the-northeast basement fault. Folds were "dragged" or diverted to the east during thrusting of the duplex over this transversely-oriented paleotopographic fault scarp, or were diverted subsequent to thrusting of the duplex by strike-slip movements at depth along the basement fault.text