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Aisya Rezki Noeriman, Syarifah Aulia Tika, Sri Rezki, and Erma Mahmiyah. "Use of Green Tea as Stomatitis therapy." Jurnal teknologi Kesehatan Borneo 1, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jtkb.v1i1.17.
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Stomatitis is an oral disease that often occurs in Indonesian residents. Green tea has long been known as an antimicrobial, green tea can inhibit the growth of various bacteria. The purpose of this study is the effect of green tea in curing thrush (stomatitis). This study uses a quasi-experimental method, sample selection using purposive sampling and data analysis is a descriptive analysis. Green tea is brewed with 50 ml of warm water for 2 minutes and then used to rinse his mouth. This research was conducted for 5 days 3 times a day, respondents are 30 people with purposive sampling technique. Respondents used to rinse his mouth with green tea was recovered by 86.6% and did not recover 13.3%. Controls without gargling were 40% and did not recover 60%. for 5 days. Gargling using green tea solution can accelerate thrush healing. thrush healing.
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Al-Garawi, Noor Alhouda D., Ammar A. Suhail, and Marwa Ahmed Meri. "Overview to Candidiasis." Medical Science Journal for Advance Research 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46966/msjar.v3i1.34.
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Candida is a kind of yeast, is a fungus that infects the body.Candidiasis is known as yeast contagion because the infecting agent is a yeast, Candida albicans. Candida albicans are the pathogens that are of much significance which are present everywhere and mostly reside along side plentiful bacteria near mouth, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. Hippocrates was the first person to describe candidiasis in 1849. Candidiasis of the mouth is termed as Thrush. Cutaneous candidiasis is a skin infection that occurs in parts of the skin that have very little ventilation and are rarely moist. Deep Candidiasis occurs when fungi infiltrate the body, enter the bloodstream, and spread throughout the body.Treatment methodology are different for each case. Natural prevention is mandatory to safe yourself from being a victim to disease
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Thamarai Selvi V T, Ezhilarasan D, and Brundha M P. "Impact of Liver Disease On Oral Health." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (November 24, 2020): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3886.
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The liver is the second-largest organ in the human body, which has the ability to regenerate after an injury or any inflammation. The liver diseases can be classified as an acute or chronic and infectious or non-infectious origin. Almost all the liver diseases produce oral manifestations like petechiae, Excessive bleeding in the cause of any minor trauma, inflammation. Oral Manifestation like gingival bleeding, glossitis, sialadenitis, hyposalivation are most commonly associated and perioral rashes, more prone to dental caries, Candidiasis are associated rarely with liver cirrhosis. Dry mouth, Sjogren syndrome both are commonly associated with all liver disease, hyposalivation leads to changes in the oral mucosa like alteration in taste, burning sensation in the tongue, bad breath etc., There are changes seen in oral mucosa, Candidiasis, fissured tongue, aphthous ulcers, bald tongue and halitosis due to compounds like Aliphatic acid, hydrogen sulfide, produced as a result of liver damage and they have a characteristic mousy odour. The common oral manifestations that are associated with Hepatocellular carcinoma include increased incidence of dental caries, loss of the tooth, Gingival bleeding, increased bone loss, chronic periodontitis, oral thrush, Candidiasis and oral lichen planus. Liver diseases have many implications in a dental setting and should carefully take a brief medical history. This study will provide better knowledge in understanding the association between liver disease and oral hygiene, Effective treatment planning in a dental setting also for liver diseased patients. Dental practitioners should know the oral manifestations commonly associated with liver diseases so that treatment can be accordingly made. With this background, the present study aims to review the impact of liver disease on oral health and its management in a dental setting.
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Fitri, Andrian Nova, and Caroline Septiani. "Common Oral Manifestations in a Denture Wearer Patients with Suspected Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Indonesian Oral Medicine Society 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jioms.v2i1.1143.
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Background. Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis or often called oral thrush is a disease in the oral cavity caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans. Angular cheilitis is an inflammatory lesion on the corners of the mouth. The purpose of this case report is to document the oral manifestations in patients with suspected diabetes mellitus. Case Report. A 57-year-old woman came with complaints of a burning sensation throughout the mouth and lips and presented a white spot on her tongue with soreness in the past year. The patient has diabetes mellitus and regularly takes medication. Despite this, the patient still has experienced classical signs of diabetes mellitus which are polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Intraorally the burning sensations were related to the full denture continuous wearness and were diagnosed as acute pseudomembranous candidiasis and angular cheilitis. The treatment given to this patient was symptomatic therapy in the form of Aloclair Plus mouthwash, causative therapy in the form of Nystatin oral suspension and referral to an internist to further examine the condition of diabetes mellitus, and supportive therapy in the form of lanolin and vaseline. Treatment ends with the provision of communication, instruction, and education.
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Foláyan, Moréniké Oluwátóyìn, Mobolaji Timothy Olagunju, Olunike Rebecca Abodunrin, and Omolola Titilayo Alade. "A scoping review on the use of traditional medicine and oral health in Africa." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 28, 2024): e0297570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297570.
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Background This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so, to pinpoint knowledge gaps surrounding the use of traditional medicine for oral disease management in the African context. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search was conducted from the inception of the database till September 2023. A search of related citations and references was also carried out. Only English language publications were included. A summary of studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. Results Of the 584 records identified, 11 were duplicates and 12 studies, published between 2006 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published from eight countries located in the five sub-regions on the continent. All the studies were either experimental designs or ethnobotanical surveys and they all utilized plant-based remedies. The five experimental studies aimed to assess the impact of whole plants or plant extracts on the three microorganisms responsible for dental caries and seven responsible for periodontal diseases. The number of plant species identified by the seven ethnobotanical surveys ranged from 29 to 62 while the number of plan families ranged from 15 to 29. The remedies were either topical applied, use as mouth rinses, gargled, or chewed. The systemic routes of administration identified were inhalation and drinking. The remedies were used for the treatment of hard such as dental caries and tooth sensitivity, to soft tissue lesions such as mouth ulcers, gingival bleeding, and mouth thrush. Other oral disorders managed include halitosis, jaw fracture, and oral cancer. Conclusions Given the increasing prevalence of oral diseases within the region, the shortage of oral healthcare professionals and limited access to financial resources, it becomes imperative to support the generation of empirical evidence to enhance the provision of traditional medicine for oral healthcare in Africa.
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Kishanrao, Suresh. "The Surprising Connections between Oral Health & Well Being! Routine Oral Checks- A missed Opportunity for Dental, Oral & Overall, Health!" Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 7, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000354.
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Our teeth don't necessarily hurt until something big is going on. While some health issues show up in the mouth, Poor oral hygiene can lead to negative health outcomes, the problems go both ways: Some studies show that there may even be a connection between poor oral health and worse brain health Brushing at least twice a day, flossing at least once a day, contribute to greater dental, oral and overall health." Studies suggest that oral bacteria and the inflammation associated with a severe form of gum disease (periodontitis) play a role in diseases like oral thrush, loose teeth, carries. Similarly, diseases such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS lower the body's resistance to infection, turning oral health problems more severe. A primary care doctor plays varied roles – a scientist, a healer, and an organized service provider. Healing may not reverse the damage but curtails the illness or its consequences from controlling our lives. Every PCP as they grow into the profession must be driven by competence, newer medical developments & technologies, precision in decision-making / treatment, improving people’s lives, understanding the importance of compassion, and realizing that the science is incomplete, then only a healer emerges in him or her. The system must take responsibility for their appropriate training. Each PCP must make it a practice to have a quick scan of the mouth in every visit of their patients not to miss early detection, treatment, and preventive care opportunity. Materials and Methods: This article is based on identification of two cases of Oral cancers one in early stage, biopsied leading to simple excision and cured from Bhutan and another case from Raichur in November 2023 in late stage currently under chemotherapy, one case of Aphthous ulcer and a few cases of gingivitis due to diabetes, with mixed results.
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Abrar, Ali, Kamrun Nahar Chowdhury, Md Mahafuzur Rahman, Bushra Marzan Rauf, Abul Kalam Mohammad Asad, Mst Kaniz Fatema Tuz Zahura, and Md Shirajul Islam. "Management of Dental Health Problem of Diabetic Patients Attending in Selected Private Dental Clinic in Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 5, no. 2 (August 27, 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i2.24717.
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Aim: The rising cases of dental problems among diabetic patients have raised health concerns among dentists worldwide. The oral complications of prime concern are gum disease, dental caries, dry mouth, oral soft tissue damage, and pain in the face and mouth. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted among the diabetic patients for their management of dental problems attending in selected dental clinic in Dhaka city from January to June 2012. 44% of the patients were in between 41to 50 years age group.Methods: Data were collected with a pretested semi structured questionnaire and check list was filled in after oral examination.Results: Among the patients 84% were Muslims and 16%. were Hindu. All the patients were married. 58% of the patients had monthly income TK. 25000-40000. Among the patients, 48% had (4-5) family members. Type of family was single for 82% of the patients. Main food was rice for 78% of the patients. 50% of the patients had habit of tobacco use. Tobacco smokers were 88%. Among the patients, calculus and gingivitis was in grade I for 54% and the condition of periodontitis was in grade I for 46%. The condition of oral thrush was in 0 grade for 66% of the patients. Most of the patients 1 tooth was affected by dental caries. There was no dry mouth in 80% of the patients, whereas no burning mouth syndrome was in 82% of the patients; 64% of the respondents visited dentists. The reason for visiting dentists, most of them visited for sensitivity. All the patients brushed teeth everyday. 66% of the patients brushed teeth once a day. Among the patients 66% cleaned teeth before breakfast and 52% took 3-4 minutes. Among the patients, 90% used tooth brush and 88% used tooth paste for cleaning the teeth. 84% of them did not floss and the rest 62.5% flossed teeth once a day, 62% got information about type of diabetes, among them 62.5% informed about non insulin dependent type of diabetes. Among the patients, 60% got information about usual oral hygiene, 75.9% got information about usual oral hygiene from doctors.Conclusion: Proper patient management requires close interaction between the dentist and the physician. Working with diabetic patients can be challenging and rewarding when open communications are established and thorough patient education is attained.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 55-58
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Panjaitan, Zaimah, Hafizah Hafizah, Rico Imanta Ginting, and Amrullah Amrullah. "Perbandingan Metode Certainty Factor dan Theorema Bayes dalam Mendiagnosa Penyakit Kandidiasis pada Manusia Menggunakan Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i3.3078.
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Candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus candida. Research on this fungus has been widely carried out until several types of candida fungi are found that can attack and cause infections in humans. Types of candidiasis also vary, but can be classified in general into three types, namely attacking the mouth (Candidiasis Thrush), vagina (Vulvoginal Candidiasis), and skin (Cutaneous Candidiasis). Candidiasis is very susceptible to infection and infection, therefore a study is needed to diagnose candidiasis. Today, expert systems are often used to diagnose diseases. There are several methods commonly used in expertise, including the Certainty Factor method and the Bayes Theorem. However, the problem faced in implementing an expert system in any field is uncertainty. This is caused by the user's hesitation in answering questions during the consultation session or even the inaccuracy of the methods used in building the system. Therefore, it is necessary to study and compare the methods that can be used to build the system. Exponential is a simple comparison that can reduce bias in the analysis process. This study aims to apply and analyze both methods and the results compare with an exponential comparison in detecting candidiasis in humans. The results of this study showed that both methods achieved the same results, namely the lowest percentage level was Candidiasis Truth, then Vuvoginal Candidiasis, and the highest was Candidiasis Cutaneous. Of these two methods, Certanty Factor is more accurate in diagnosing candidiasis.
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Sari, Rika Puspita, Angga Nugraha Sanjaya, and Puji Lestari. "PENYULUHAN TENTANG MANFAAT BATANG POHON MATOA UNTUK PENGOBATAN SARIAWAN DIDESA CANDIREJO." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Putri Hijau 2, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpmph.v2i1.609.
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Directing with regards to the advantages of matoa tree trunks for the treatment of thrush in Candirejo Village is pointed toward examining, making and applying the information and developments that have been acquired or have been considered by understudies in conversations with the more extensive local area. To discover how to process the matoa tree trunk utilized for the treatment of infection. Directing is done utilizing a phase comprising of 3 distinct stages utilized in the execution system, to be specific by welcoming individuals by including endeavors to the neighborhood the arranging execution process, then, at that point, the assessment stage by giving a framework of every issue. The reason for this PKM is to acquire information on directing the advantages of matoa tree trunks for the treatment of ulcer in Candirejo Village. Stomatitis is a term to depict different sorts of injuries that emerge in the oral depression. Manifestations incorporate torment or consuming for one to two days which would then be able to shape ulcers in the oral hole. Stomatitis is ordinarily as yellowish white patches with a somewhat curved surface, which can be single fixes or gathering spots. Stomatitis is a typical contamination that can reach out to the buccal mucosa, lips and sense of taste. Stomatitis implies aggravation of the mouth. This aggravation can be brought about by the state of the actual mouth. Stomatitis is additionally characterized as irritation of the coating of the delicate tissue structures in the mouth with indications of redness, expanding, and some of the time draining from the impacted region and framing a ulcer. The matoa tree trunk has many advantages in conventional medication, where different investigations have guided this matoa plant to have extremely assorted substance and properties. Given the proceeded with impacts of the audits in the journal of Pometia Pinnata Fruit Peel Extraction and its Antioxidants and Antimicrobials, matoa natural items contain evident degrees of enhancements and malignancy anticipation specialists. These disease forestalling specialist mixtures can forestall free transformations that cause the advancement of threatening cells. While supplements in matoa regular items like supplements C and E, minerals, and tannins are awesome for body wellbeing.
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Lu, Zhimin, Shu Yu, Weijun Wang, Wenxian Chen, Xinyan Wang, Keke Wu, Xiaowen Li, et al. "Development of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines in Recent Years." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111817.
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious disease affecting the global graziery industry. Once an epidemic occurs, it can lead to economic and trade stagnation. In recent decades, FMD has been effectively controlled and even successfully eradicated in some countries or regions through mandatory vaccination with inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Nevertheless, FMD still occurs in some parts of Africa and Asia. The transmission efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease is high. Both disease countries and disease-free countries should always be prepared to deal with outbreaks of FMD. The development of vaccines has played a key role in this regard. This paper summarizes the development of several promising vaccines including progress and design ideas. It also provides ways to develop a new generation of vaccines for FMDV and other major diseases.
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Lambkin, Keith, James Hamilton, Guy McGrath, Paul Dando, and Roland Draxler. "Foot and Mouth Disease atmospheric dispersion system." Advances in Science and Research 16 (June 27, 2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-113-2019.
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Abstract. A decision support system to aid in the risk evaluation of airborne animal diseases was developed for Ireland. The system's primary objective is to assist in risk evaluation of the airborne spread of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The operational system was developed by Met Éireann – the Irish Meteorological Service and CVERA (Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis), in co-operation with NOAA-ARL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Air Resources Laboratory) and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). The infrastructure largely relies on the HYSPLIT dispersion model driven by both ECMWF meteorological forecasts for longer range simulations, and HARMONIE-AROME meteorological forecasts, a high resolution local area meteorological model, ideal for shorter range national emissions. Following on from previous work by the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia as well as the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, further modifications were made to the HYSPLIT source code to improve the model's characterisation of the Foot and Mouth Disease virus. FMD is a highly infectious disease among cloven hoofed animals that can transmit via airborne means. Biological characteristics related to temperature, humidity, lifespan as well as atmospheric washout were all incorporated either through new or existing functionality of the dispersion model. Combining the model dispersion capabilities of HYSPLIT with a virus emission model and GIS mapping software with farmland zoning, the disease dispersion system becomes a powerful analysis and decision support tool. This airborne animal disease atmospheric dispersion system helps improve emergency preparedness, as well as aid confinement and eradication strategies for relevant Irish authorities, during a disease outbreak.
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Sudarsono, Rahendra Prasetya Eko. "Epidemiological Study of Suspected Occurrence of Foot and Mouth Disease in Lamongan Regency." Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbmv.v11i1.37197.
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Lamongan is the epicenter of aphtae epizootica disease. Symptoms of the disease appeared from the newly purchased cattle in Balungpanggang District, Gresik Regency. Symptoms that appear hypersalivation, decreased appetite, panting, slightly feverish body temperature. This review was conducted by collecting primary data through field observations and supported by references from the Google Scholar database with the keywords foot and mouth diseases, aphtae epizootica and infectious diseases. The pattern of distribution is mainly cattle traffic, weak biosecurity in cattle pens and livestock transportation means for sending cattle from or to the animal market. Based on a descriptive analysis of the results of surveillance, investigation and sample testing indicating an outbreak of an infectious disease suspected to be FMD in Lamongan Regency according to the definition of an outbreak according to Law No. 18 of 2009 concerning Livestock and Animal Health and Government Regulation No. 47 of 2014 concerning Disease Control and Prevention. Animal. The direct impact in the form of economic losses due to illness and death if the outbreak is not controlled is estimated to be quite significant.
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Rose Rani, P, Beulah, and Sheeba Rajakumari. "Survey on prevalence of common diseases in pigeon (Columba livia domestica) in Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2021.v06.i04.018.
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The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of diseases in Tuticorin district and to get an insight in pigeon production, disease management and vaccination status. A sample of 50 pigeon fanciers was randomly selected from different taluks in Tuticorin district and face to face interviews were conducted among them using a standard questionnaire. Among these a total of 202 diseased pigeons was examined. According to age, they were classified into three categories squab (1-2 weeks), young (30-90 days) and adult (>90 days). Those diseases were identified by conducting the survey with a standard questionnaire among the pigeon fanciers and the study duration was from July 2016 to December 2016 and September 2t017 to November 2017. Out of 202 diseased pigeons 35.64% were raniket disease or Newcastle disease (paramyxovirus), 18.11%were canker disease, and 11.38% were one eye cold disease. In most of the lofts, the owners didn’t vaccinate their pigeons against the common diseases, even though many of them were aware of the diseases. Pigeon fancier’s education and awareness of pigeon diseases needs to be improved through veterinary public health and health promotion approach. Non pharmaceutical preventive measures such as hand washing and avoidance of eye, nose and mouth touching after handling of diseased pigeons must be improved. The present study has demonstrated that a study solely based on the questionnaire is not adequate in determining the prevalence of diseases in pigeon and also the results concluded that pigeon fanciers of Tuticorin district do not maintain the regular preventive measures or vaccination against the common diseases and to control the diseases.
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Lin, Xiao-Wei, Chin-Tsang Chiang, Tai-Hwa Shih, Yan-Nian Jiang, and Chin-Cheng Chou. "Foot-and-Mouth Disease Entrance Assessment Model Through Air Passenger Violations." Risk Analysis 29, no. 4 (April 2009): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01183.x.
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Hemida, Houari, Khaldia Merdja, and Assia Boumezrag. "Foot and Mouth Disease in North Africa: Epidemiology and Control Strategies." Folia Veterinaria 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2024-0013.
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Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting livestock, caused by the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). The North African region is vulnerable to transboundary diseases, and the livestock population at risk is substantial. The genetic diversity of FMDV in the region poses challenges for control measures, as vaccination or recovery from one serotype does not guarantee protection against others. The risk of disease introduction through illegal animal movement is leading North African countries to follow strict WOAH sanitary measures and animal movement controls. Algeria has faced multiple outbreaks, some linked to the illegal movement of animals across borders. Tunisia experienced outbreaks in 2014 and 2017, with genomic analysis indicating connections to West African countries. Libya encountered historical FMDV incursions, and despite control efforts, illegal animal movement and inadequate facilities posed challenges. Morocco reported outbreaks in 1991 and later in 2015, introducing vaccination strategies. Egypt’s FMD history showed multiple serotypes causing outbreaks. Control strategies include vaccination, compensation for affected farmers, and control measures such as disease notification, surveillance, and movement restrictions. The compensation rates for farmers vary depending on factors such as animal type and the approved compensation approach. In conclusion, the complexity of FMD control in North Africa, highlights the need for regional collaboration, effective control measures, and ongoing vigilance to mitigate the economic and health impacts of the disease.
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Gashirai, Tinashe B., Senelani D. Hove-Musekwa, and Steady Mushayabasa. "Lyapunov Stability Analysis of a Delayed Foot-and-Mouth Disease Model with Animal Vaccination." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3891057.
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus remains one of the most important livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and several Southeast Asian countries. Vaccination of livestock has been recognized as an important tool for the control of foot-and-mouth disease virus. However, this intervention strategy has some limitations. Generally, vaccine production is a complex multistep process which involves development, manufacturing, and delivery processes, and through this extensive process, some challenges such as poor vaccine storage often arise. More often, these challenges alter the validity of the vaccination. Foot-and-mouth disease virus epidemic dynamics have been extensively explored, but understanding the role of vaccination validity on virus endemicity is lacking. We present a time-delayed foot-and-mouth disease model that incorporates relevant biological and ecological factors, vaccination effects, and disease carriers. We determined the basic reproduction number and demonstrated that it is an important metric for persistence and extinction of the disease in the community. Numerical illustrations were utilised to support some of the analytical results.
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Effendi, Irwan, Yusri Dianne Jurnalis, Yorva Sayoeti, and Yusirwan Yusuf. "Gastroesophageal reflux disease with Thal fundoplication." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50, no. 6 (October 26, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi50.6.2010.371-4.
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Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common phenomenon among heathy infants, with approximately 50% of infants aged 0 to 3 months and 67% of infants aged 4 months experiencing at least one episode of vomiting per day. GER defined as regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus or mouth. GER typically improves through the first postnatal year, with only 5% of healthy 12 month old infants experiencing vomiting.1,2 Complicated GER or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to affect up to 8% of infants and children with GER.l,3 Antireflux procedures (ARPs) are increasingly offered to control GERD symptoms. We report a case of a baby with GERD and treated with ThaI fundoplication procedures. Fundoplication procedure is rarely performed in management of GERD, and this is the first fundoplication procedure in children with GERD at M. Djamil Hospital.
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Go, Villi Dane M. "Communicable disease surveillance through predictive analysis: A comparative analysis of prediction models." HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.13.2.2944.2023.
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Effective prediction and surveillance of communicable diseases are vital for public health management. This study leveraged machine learning algorithms to predict disease occurrences in the Province of Marinduque, focusing on Hand Foot Mouth Disease, Dengue, Typhoid, Influenza, Chikungunya, Rabies, Measles, Meningitis, Hepatitis, and Acute Bloody Diarrhea using data from 2015 to 2019. The monthly morbidity rate served as the criterion variable. Machine learning models, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, SVM, and k-Nearest Neighbors, were employed. Material and methods encompassed data collection, preprocessing, feature selection, and model evaluation. Results revealed Random Forest as the most accurate algorithm, with implications for proactive disease management and resource allocation. This research enhances disease prediction methodologies and contributes to public health surveillance.
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MUGEZI, I., M. KIMAANGA, A. NAMWABIRA, E. CHEVANNE, O. NEKOUEI, M. McLAWS, P. MOTTA, T. DULU, and K. SUMPTION. "Risk of foot and mouth disease spread through cattle movements in Uganda." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 39, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.39.3.3182.
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DONALDSON, A. I. "Risks of spreading foot and mouth disease through milk and dairy products." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 16, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.16.1.1013.
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Green, D. M., I. Z. Kiss, and R. R. Kao. "Modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1602 (August 2006): 2729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3648.
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Livestock movements in Great Britain (GB) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. These connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the UK. Here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of FMD in GB and determine the susceptibility of the GB livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requirements. Transmission through movements is modelled, with additional local spread unrelated to the known movements. Simulations show that movements can result in a large nationwide epidemic, but only if cattle are heavily involved, or the epidemic occurs in late summer or early autumn. Inclusion of random local spread can considerably increase epidemic size, but has only a small impact on the spatial extent of the disease. There is a geographical bias in the epidemic size reached, with larger epidemics originating in Scotland and the north of England than elsewhere.
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Putra, I. Nyoman Gede Juwita, Suniti Suniti, Nanan Nur'aeny, and Indah Suasani Wahyuni. "Suplementasi mikronutrien pada pasien eritema multiforme dengan penurunan kualitas eritrositMicronutrient supplementation in erythema multiforme patients with decreased erythrocyte quality." Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 32, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v32i3.31871.
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Pendahuluan: Eritema multiforme (EM) adalah penyakit peradangan akut yang merupakan reaksi hipersensitivitas pada mukokutan dan jarang ditemukan. Gambaran klinis EM berupa lesi erosi-ulseratif dan memiliki tendensi perdarahan. Kualitas eritrosit yang menurun dapat mempengaruhi proses penyembuhan penyakit ini, namun hal ini dapat diatasi dengan pemenuhan asupan mikronutrien. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk memaparkan hasil terapi suplementasi mikronutrien yang diberikan untuk tatalaksana EM pada pasien yang mengalami penurunan kualitas eritrosit. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 21 tahun mengeluhkan perdarahan bibir dan sariawan dalam rongga mulut, terasa sakit sejak 3 minggu sebelumnya. Riwayat keluhan yang sama pernah dialami 7 tahun sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan ekstraoral memperlihatkan krusta hemoragik pada bibir, sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan intraoral menunjukkan ulserasi multipel pada hampir seluruh mukosa rongga mulut. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan adanya penurunan kualitas eritrosit berdasarkan parameter Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), dan Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC); peningkatan jumlah eritrosit; dan eosinofil pada borderline atas, serta anti HSV-I IgG non-reaktif. Diagnosis pasien adalah eritema multiforme dengan riwayat stomatitis aftosa rekuren (SAR). Tatalaksana farmakologis diberikan asam folat dan vitamin B12 sebagai suplementasi mikronutrien. Diberikan pula chlorhexidine digluconate 0,12% mouthrinse sebagai antiseptik, dan petroleum jelly untuk pelembab bibir. Lesi oral pasien sembuh setelah 2 minggu terapi. Simpulan: Suplementasi mikronutrien berperan penting dalam mempercepat penyembuhan lesi mukosa oral pada pasien eritema multiforme yang mengalami penurunan kualitas eritrosit. Mikronutrien berupa asam folat dan vitamin B12 berperan penting dalam sintesis DNA eritrosit, pembelahan sel, dan perbaikan jaringan. Kata kunci: Mikronutrien, eritema multiforme, kualitas eritrosit. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute inflammatory disease as a hypersensitivity reaction to mucocutaneous and is rarely found. The clinical feature of EM is an erosive-ulcerative lesion with a tendency of bleeding. Decreasing erythrocyte quality can affect its healing process, although able to be overcome by fulfilling the micronutrient intake. The purpose of this case report was to describe the results of micronutrient supplementation therapy given in the management of EM patients with decreasing erythrocyte quality. Case report: A 21-year-old woman complained of lip bleeding and oral thrush, which felt pain three weeks prior. A similar complaint history had been experienced in the previous seven years. Extraoral examination revealed haemorrhagic crusting on the lips, whereas intraoral examination showed multiple ulcerations of almost the entire oral mucosa. Laboratory examination results showed a decreasing erythrocyte quality based on the parameters of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC); an increasing number of erythrocytes and eosinophils in the upper borderline, as well as non-reactive anti-HSV-I IgG. The patient was diagnosed with erythema multiforme with a history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Pharmacological management was performed by given folic acid and vitamin B12 as micronutrient supplementation. Also, given a 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate mouth rinse as an antiseptic and petroleum jelly for lip balm. The patient’s oral lesions resolved after two weeks of therapy. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplementation plays an essential role in accelerating the oral mucosal lesions healing in erythema multiforme patients with decreasing erythrocyte quality. Micronutrients in folic acid and vitamin B12 play an important role in erythrocyte DNA synthesis, cell division, and tissue repair.Keywords: Micronutrient, erythema multiforme, erythrocyte quality.
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Rayyanu, U. A., M. P. Olabode, H. Haliru, L. E. Logyang, D. Bwala, and M. B. Bolajoko. "Biosecurity and Economic Impact of Major Diseases of Livestock Among Rural Farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria: A Pilot Study." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0190.
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To maintain excellent production on a farm, biosecurity is critical. Smallholder livestock producers and their animal health management practices are often perceived to increase the risk for disease incursion and spread within farms. This pilot study is aimed at assessing rural farmers’ practices and knowledge of preventive and biosecurity measures against major diseases of livestock and determining the socioeconomic impact of these diseases in these communities within Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in five Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, Nigeria. 3 major communities that rear poultry, small and large ruminants within these 5 LGAs were identified as the Berom, Tarok, and Fulani communities; from where 50 farmers were randomly selected from the list of willing farmers to participate in the present study. The farmers identified Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia and Foot and Mouth Disease as the major disease of cattle while Peste des Petits Ruminants as the major disease of small ruminants and New Castle Disease for poultry. Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia, Foot and Mouth Disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, and New Castle Disease are the diseases identified by respondents as the most economically important disease in cattle, small ruminants, and poultry respectively. 30% of the farmers do nothing in case of a Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia outbreak while 60% protect their animals through medication or isolation in case of Foot and Mouth Disease. 26% of the farmers sell out their animals in the Peste des Petits Ruminants outbreak while 50% of the respondents do nothing in case of a New Castle Disease outbreak. It is recommended that a robust and sustained awareness of the economic importance of livestock diseases, and a campaign on how to prevent, control, and institute effective biosecurity measures against the diseases are carried out in Plateau State farming communities and beyond.
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Schley, David, Laura Burgin, and John Gloster. "Predicting infection risk of airborne foot-and-mouth disease." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 34 (August 29, 2008): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0306.
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Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, the control and eradication of which is of significant worldwide socio-economic importance. The virus may spread by direct contact between animals or via fomites as well as through airborne transmission, with the latter being the most difficult to control. Here, we consider the risk of infection to flocks or herds from airborne virus emitted from a known infected premises. We show that airborne infection can be predicted quickly and with a good degree of accuracy, provided that the source of virus emission has been determined and reliable geo-referenced herd data are available. A simple model provides a reliable tool for estimating risk from known sources and for prioritizing surveillance and detection efforts. The issue of data information management systems was highlighted as a lesson to be learned from the official inquiry into the UK 2007 foot-and-mouth outbreak: results here suggest that the efficacy of disease control measures could be markedly improved through an accurate livestock database incorporating flock/herd size and location, which would enable tactical as well as strategic modelling.
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Sarkar, Probir Kumar, Nital Kumar Sarker, and Md Abu Tayab. "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD): An Update." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 40, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v40i2.31567.
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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) also known as vesicular stomatitis with exanthema, first reported in New Zealand in 1957 is caused by Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16), human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and occasionally by other HEV-A serotypes, such as Coxsackie virus A6 and Coxsackie virus A10, are also associated with HFMD and herpangina. While all these viruses can cause mild disease in children, EV71 has been associated with neurological disease and mortality in large outbreaks in the Asia Pacific region over the last decade. It is highly contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person. This is characterized by erythrematous papulo vesicular eruptions over hand, feet, perioral area, knee, buttocks and also intra-orally mostly in children, typically occurs in small epidemics usually during the summer and autumn months. HFMD symptoms are usually mild and resolve on their own in 7 to 10 days. Treatment is symptomatic but good hygiene during and after infection is very important in preventing the spread of the disease. Though only small scale outbreaks have been reported from United States, Europe, Australia Japan and Brazil for the first few decade, since 1997 the disease has conspicuously changed its behavior as noted in different Southeast Asian countries. There was sharp rise in incidence, severity, complications and even fatal outcomes that were almost unseen before that period. There are reports of disease activity in different corners of India since 2004, and the largest outbreak of HFMD occurred in eastern part of India in and around Kolkata in 2007and Bhubaneswar, Odisha in 2009. In recent years there are cases of HFMD have been seen in Bangladesh also. Although of milder degree, continuous progress to affect larger parts of the neighboring may indicate vulnerability of Bangladesh from possible future outbreaks.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :115-119
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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Andrea M. de Silva, Lisa K. Meyenn, Gillian Lang, Allison Ridge, Amanda Perry, Deborah Cole, and Shalika Hegde. "Family-centred oral health promotion through Victorian child-health services: a pilot." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz025.
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Abstract Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) provide ideal settings for oral disease prevention. In Victoria (Australia), child mouth-checks (Lift-the-Lip) and oral health promotion (OHP) occur during MCHS child visits. This study trialled Tooth-Packs (OHP resources, toothbrushes, toothpastes) distribution within MCHS to (i) assess the impacts of Tooth-Packs distribution on child and family oral health (OH) behaviours and knowledge, including Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHN) child referral practices to dental services, and (ii) determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Tooth-Packs distribution into MCHN OHP practices. A mixed-methods evaluation design was employed. MCHN from four high-needs Victorian Local Government Areas distributed Tooth-Packs to families of children attending 18-month and/or 24-month MCHS visits (baseline). Families completed a questionnaire on OH and dietary practices at baseline and 30-month follow-up. Tooth-Packs distribution, Lift-the-lip mouth-checks and child OH referrals were conducted. Guided discussions with MCHN examined intervention feasibility. Overall, 1585 families received Tooth-Packs. Lift-the-lip was conducted on 1493 children (94.1%). Early childhood caries were identified in 142 children (9.5%) and these children were referred to dental services. Baseline to follow-up behavioural improvements (n = 230) included: increased odds of children having ever seen an OH professional (OR 28.0; 95% CI 7.40–236.88; p < 0.001), parent assisted toothbrushing twice/day (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05–3.00; p = 0.030) and toothpaste use >once/day (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.59–5.24; p < 0.001). MCHN recommendations included distribution of Tooth-Packs to at-risk children <12-months of age. MCHS provide an ideal setting to enable timely family-centred OHP intervention and adoption of good OH behaviours at an early age.
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Vo, Van Thi, Minh Phuong Nguyen, Hoang Phuc Truong, Thi Kim Ngan Le, Anh Thu Huynh, Hong Khanh Vu, Thi Thuy Quynh Nguyen, Van Minh Le, and Tri Dien Lu. "RELATED FACTORS TO THE SEVERITY OF HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CHILDREN TREATED AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL 2022-2023." Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ, no. 7 (May 14, 2024): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58490/ctump.2024i7.2956.
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Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by an intestinal virus with typical clinical manifestations: bullous rash on the hands, feet, buttocks, or mouth ulcers. The disease can spread very quickly from one child to another through two fecaloral and respiratory routes. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is one of the most common acute infectious diseases in Vietnam. Most cases of the disease are mild. However, the disease can become severe and cause dangerous complications leading to death if not detected early and treated promptly. Objectives: 1) To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children treated at the Infection Department of Can Tho Children's Hospital. 2) To analyze factors related to the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children treated at the Infection Department of Can Tho Children's Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis. Results: General characteristics for men (60.5%), age group 12-24 months 43.5%, the reason for hospitalization is fever (95.5%), mouth ulcers (66.5%), rash, acne water (39%). The severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease is statistically significantly related to white blood cell count >=16x1G/l (p=0.0001) and platelet count >=400x109/l (p=0.0001). There is no relationship between hand, foot, and mouth severity with gender characteristics (p=0.980), age group (p=0.259), diet in the first 6 months (p=0.566), and education level (p=0.293), place of residence (p=0.948), number of days of onset before admission (p=0.171) and initial management (p=0.701). Conclusion: Factors such as white blood cell count (p = 0.001) and platelet count (p = 0.001) were statistically significant in the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (p < 0.05). There is no relationship between age group, gender, diet, education level, number of days of onset, and initial treatment with the severity of HFMD.
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Manjunatha, Vinayaka Ambujakshi. "Full-mouth disinfection-A literature update." International Dental Journal of Student's Research 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.idjsr.2022.001.
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Non-surgical periodontal disease therapy has traditionally been performed through a series of sessions by a jaw quadrant or sextant. Reinfection from untreated periodontal pockets, tongue, and tonsils might develop at this time. In contrast, in the full-mouth disinfection (FMD) technique, all teeth's root instrumentation is finished within 24 hours and comprises, Cleaning the tongue and using chlorhexidine on a regular basis.
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Fogarty, Lynne. "THRUSH AND SEPTIC SHOCK IN A TWO-MONTH-OLD." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 6 (June 1996): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199606000-00021.
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Awathare, Dr Pranauti, Dr Mrityunjay Sharma, Dr Archana Dachewar, and Singam. "A LITERATURE REVIEW OF KAPHAJA KASA AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA." Sanjeevani Darshan - National Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 02, no. 01 (2024): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55552/sdnjay.2024.2109.
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Cough is a respiratory disease that affects everyone at some point in their life. The incidence of respiratory diseases has increased significantly in recent years. The fifth most common symptom for which patients seek treatment is muscle. The incidence of respiratory diseases has increased due to excessive air pollution caused by globalization, urbanization, industrialization and the adoption of Western culture. Exposure to many chemicals, heavy metals, organic compounds and inorganic substances. Acharya Charaka's character Kasa is a special disease. In addition to separate diseases, they are also considered as symptoms, problems and sequelae of some diseases. One of the most common diseases affecting Pranvaha strotas. According to modern health science, cough is a symptom while katha has been described and classified in detail as a separate disease in its own right in the Ayurvedic literature. It can also occur as a problem or even as a consequence. Vault is one of Pranvaha Strotodusthijanya Vyadhi. Destroyed Prana Vayu and Udana Vayu along with other Doshas are further deteriorated and are forcefully expelled like broken bronze vessels by coughing called Kasa. In this disease Pran Vayu gets Udan Gati. Due to the Pratiloma Gati (backward direction) of Prana Vayu, Apan Vayu receives the Urdhwa Gati (ascending direction) and causes obstruction in the Prakruta Gati (forward direction) of Udan Vayu, causing blockage and Pran Vayu is expelled through the mouth. Depending on the etiology, we can treat the disease in two ways: Shamana Chikitsa (medication only) or Shodhana Chikitsa (purification). This article explains the Ayurvedic perspective on Kaphaja kas that will help in diagnosis and proper management.
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Nithyanandham Masilamani and Dhanraj Ganapathy. "Awareness Of Hand, Foot And Mouth Disease Among Dental Students." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 19, 2020): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3056.
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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFM) is often a potentially infectious condition primarily caused through enteroviruses. Clinical manifestations involve erythematous papules mostly on arms, legs, and even in the oral cavity, followed by prodromal effects such as myalgia, moderate fever, and abdominal distress. This survey was conducted to assess hand, foot, and mouth disease awareness among dental students. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional type of survey comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire containing ten queries based on the knowledge and awareness about Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among dental college students. Questionnaires were distributed through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analysed.47% are aware of HFMD. 34%are aware of the clinical manifestation of HFMD. 31%Are aware of the mode of transmission of HFMD. 26% are aware of the preventive measures against HFMD.18%. Are aware of the incubation period of HFMD. 24%aware of treatment measures for HFMD. This study found the dental students displayed less knowledge and understanding of HFMD. Even, there are few differences in knowledge and behaviours that require enhancement. Large-scale health awareness initiatives of HFMD should be implemented by professional associations in order to fill these gaps and improve awareness in order to positively impact their attitudes.
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Parajuli, Pratiksha, Sudiksha Pandit, and Krishna Kaphle. "Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) among Animals in Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.27785.
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Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, affecting all domestic as well as wild cloven-hoofed animals caused by Apthovirus of Picornaviride family. FMD is endemic in Nepal causing substantial economic losses to livestock industry mainly cattle and buffalo, directly by decreasing the production and change in herd structure, and indirectly losses by cost of FMD control. The predominant serotype responsible for endemic outbreak of FMD in Nepal is ‘O’ however serotypes ‘A’ and ‘Asia-1’ have also been detected. Peak level of occurrence is noticed during pre-monsoon (April - May) and post-monsoon (Oct-Nov) period, however it occurs throughout the year. Movement of animals within the country mainly during festival season, illegal trading of livestock between Nepal and India because of open border, poor knowledge about the disease among farmers, high cost of treatment and control, lack of strict quarantine practices are the major factors contributing to high frequency of outbreak. Cattles were most frequently affected followed by buffalo, goat, sheep and pig. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current scenario of FMD in Nepal, its transmission, diagnostic approaches and prevention and control measures. This paper is based on review of different articles from various journals, magazines, epidemiological bulletin, and reports from government of Nepal. The present approach to control this disease is through the vaccination of animal by imported multivalent vaccines. Vaccinations based on the matching of a vaccine strain to a field strain can be a better approach.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 7-13
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Angell, Joseph, and Jennifer Duncan. "Watery mouth disease in neonatal lambs: a systematic literature review." Livestock 25, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.2.94.
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Watery mouth disease is considered to be a significant cause of neonatal mortality in lambs. The clinical signs are strongly associated with an endotoxaemia produced as a result of the lysis of Gram-negative bacteria. It has been associated with mass antibiosis to neonatal lambs at birth, a practice which is now untenable. It can be prevented in many cases through the timely administration of good quality colostrum and a hygienic birth environment. However, despite this, much remains unknown about the specific aetiopathogenesis. Alternative strategies for prevention, treatment and control are required, particularly when colostrum quality is poor, or delivery is absent, and where unhygienic conditions predominate.
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L, Lakshmanan. "Review Article on Maintenance of Oral Health through Ayurveda." Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 5, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000308.
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Oral diseases are becoming more prevalent now a days and can pose a serious health risk, increasing economic burden and reducing the quality of life among people worldwide. The holistic science of Ayurveda has gained global attention in the recent years as oral diseases are largely preventable through Ayurveda routines. Shalakya Tantra is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with the treatment of organs located above shoulders. Although dentistry is not explained as a separate subject in Ayurveda, it is included under Shalakya Tantra. There are nine openings of physical body and oral cavity is one among them. Ayurveda suggests frequent and regular cleaning of these openings. Digestion process begins in the mouth, oral cavity being the chief entrance, its hygiene is important. Oral cavity includes teeth, gingiva and other supporting structures of the tooth, palate, throat, oral mucosa and lips. The traditional knowledge of Ayurveda to prevent and treat diseases was passed by word of mouth from generation to generation over the centuries and is accessible to common man. Preventive aspects through diet and lifestyle modifications have been emphasized in Ayurveda. Ayurveda oral hygiene techniques are safe, effective, economical, easily available, usually without side effects and has long lasting results. They are self-care methods which can be carried out at home easily.
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Wei, Jianjun, Zhonghai Zhu, Qi Qi, and Lingxia Zeng. "Patient Delay in Hospital Visiting and the Weekend Effect of Surveillance Report on Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Epidemic Parotitis in Hanzhong City, China." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (May 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7081219.
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Background. We aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated factors of patient delay in hospital visiting and weekend effect of disease surveillance on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis/mumps. Methods. Daily report data on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis cases between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China, were collected. The patient delay in hospital visiting was defined by the date difference between disease onset and patient’s visit to hospital. Differences of delayed durations and percentages were compared by using nonparametric or χ2 tests across gender, age, occupation, disease classification, epidemic and nonepidemic seasons, and years of disease onset. Additionally, to determine whether there existed a weekend effect of disease surveillance, the mean cases reported on weekdays and weekends were also compared. Results. A total of 14,814 patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 4013 with epidemic parotitis were recorded, respectively. We found that 43.1% of the hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 36.5% of the epidemic parotitis patients had delayed visiting to hospital. All patients were reported through the online surveillance system on the day of visiting hospital. The percentage of delayed visiting to hospital differed significantly by years and epidemic and nonepidemic seasons and between children in and not in childcare center (all p values <0.05). In addition, the reported numbers of both diseases fluctuated on weekdays but obviously decreased on weekends regardless of the epidemic or nonepidemic seasons. Conclusions. The reported cases of HFMD and epidemic parotitis had an obvious weekend effect, with an increasing tendency of cases delaying in hospital visiting over the recent years in Hanzhong, China. Parents and caregivers rather than health systems should be primarily targeted for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and their local outbreaks such as community-based education on the second-dose vaccination of mumps and/or hand hygiene.
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MA, E., T. LAM, C. WONG, and S. K. CHUANG. "Is hand, foot and mouth disease associated with meteorological parameters?" Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 12 (September 28, 2010): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002256.
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SUMMARYWe examined the relationship between meteorological parameters and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) activity. Meteorological data collected from 2000 to 2004 were tested for correlation with HFMD consultation rates calculated through the sentinel surveillance system in Hong Kong. The regression model constructed was used to predict HFMD consultation rates for 2005–2009. After adjusting for the effect of collinearity, mean temperature, diurnal difference in temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were positively associated with HFMD consultation rates, and explained HFMD consultation rates well with 2 weeks' lag time (R2=0·119,P=0·010). The predicted HFMD consultation rates were also also well matched with the observed rates (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0·276,P=0·000) in 2005–2009. Sensitivity analysis showed that HFMD consultation rates were mostly affected by relative humidity and least affected by wind speed. Our model demonstrated that climate parameters help in predicting HFMD activity, which could assist in explaining the winter peak detected in recent years and in issuing early warning.
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SANSON, R. L., N. HARVEY, M. G. GARNER, M. A. STEVENSON, T. M. DAVIES, M. L. HAZELTON, J. O'CONNOR, C. DUBE, K. FORDE-FOLLE, and K. OWEN. "Foot and mouth disease model verification and ‘relative validation’ through a formal model comparison." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 30, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.30.2.2051.
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Hindmoor, Andrew. "Explaining Networks through Mechanisms: Vaccination, Priming and the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease Crisis." Political Studies 57, no. 1 (March 2009): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00725.x.
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Mansley, L. M., P. J. Dunlop, S. M. Whiteside, and R. G. H. Smith. "Early dissemination of foot-and-mouth disease virus through sheep marketing in February 2001." Veterinary Record 153, no. 2 (July 12, 2003): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.153.2.43.
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Ali Kemal CAKIR. "HVAC system requirements for protection against epidemics similar to Covid-19." International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.1.0042.
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Tuberculosis and in some cases, flu, colds and other airborne diseases. Since research is one of the biggest concerns of causing influenza pandemics, most research surrounding aerosol contamination revolves around environmental influences on the influenza virus. Many literatures suggest that influenza is transmitted primarily through close contact, such as exposure to large respiratory droplets, direct mouth-to-mouth contact and short-term exposure to infectious aerosols. Diffusion can be accelerated or controlled by heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Researches continue that advances state of knowledge in the specific techniques that control airborne infectious disease transmission through HVAC systems, including ventilation rates, airflow regimes, filtration, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). In this paper three methods of transmission of Airborne Infectious Diseases are discussed, namely through direct contact, large droplet contact, inhalation of droplet core. An extensive literature review of many papers was conducted infectious diseases spread in several different ways and the transmission of infectious viruses. This review targets direct and indirect contact as well as infectious viruses known to be transmitted from the air. And he focused on preventive ventilation systems for these targets. This paper will give idea to support further research on engineering controls to reduce infectious disease transmission.
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Patch, Jared, Pervaiz Dar, Ryan Waters, Felix Toka, and William Golde. "Infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus induces a natural killer cell response in cattle (P6080)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 141.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.141.7.
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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immune defense against viral diseases. Although they develop from the same lymphoid precursor cells as B and T lymphocytes, NK cells lack an antigen specific receptor, and are regulated in an antigen-independent manner yet have effector functions similar to T cells. The activation state of NK cells is determined by the balance of activating and inhibitory signals transmitted through surface receptors. Target cell expression of MHC class I serves as a powerful inhibitory signal for NK cells. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is of particular concern for livestock species including cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. Clinical disease is characterized by fever, viremia, and the presence of vesicles in the mouth and on the feet and teats. FMD virus (FMDV) has evolved several immune-evading characteristics, including inhibition of MHC class I surface expression. Although this loss of class I MHC expression would be expected to result in NK cell activation during FMDV infection, swine with FMD exhibit a loss of NK cell function that cannot be overcome by ex vivo cytokine stimulation. Here we show that, in contrast to swine, FMDV-infected cattle exhibit an increase in NK cell cytolytic activity that is accompanied by an early and brief increase in NK-like cytolysis by γδ T cells. These data represent a difference in disease pathogenesis between these two susceptible species.
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Burova, O. A., O. I. Zakharova, I. V. Iashin, S. Sh Khaibrakhmanova, O. V. Zhuchkova, N. A. Grebnev, and A. A. Blokhin. "Foot and mouth disease: risk factors and control measures (review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 24, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.3.346-358.
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a Schedule A disease. Given the potential for rapid spread of the disease, all suspected cases should be reported and investigated immediately. Understanding the mechanism of FMD spread and control measures is key to outbreak investigation and allows the source of an outbreak to be traced along with potential routes of further spread. Foot-and-mouth disease is endemic in vast areas of Africa, Asia and South America. In 2022, the following countries remain unfavorable for FMD: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Israel, Indonesia, UAE, Palestine, Algeria, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Tunisia, South Africa. In Russia, in 2022, foot and mouth disease was not registered. There are seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus: O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, pigs, goats, African buffalo, deer, yaks and other artiodactyls are susceptible to it. The two principle ways in which an animal can become infected are by inhalation of virus particles in the air, and by ingestion of food material containing virus particles, also through abrasions, contaminated instruments or artificial insemination. Up to 50 % of ruminant animals become persistently infected after clinical recover and termed a "carrier". Key risk factors for virus introduction are the introduction of a new animal into the herd with an unknown FMD vaccination status, seasonality, lack of vaccination, herd size. The cause of infection is often the uncontrolled or illegal movement of livestock. The main risk of FMD introduction comes from livestock, vehicles, people directly working with livestock susceptible to FMD, wild animals. The key principles of biosecurity are isolation of sick animals, cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment. Foot-and-mouth disease is a major barrier to international trade in livestock and animal products, so countries free of the disease are taking increased precautions to prevent the virus from entering.
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DRĂGHICI, Alexandru. "PUBLIC HEALTH AT THE MOUTH OF THE DANUBE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY." International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education 4, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/mcdsare.2020.4.137-141.
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This paper analyzes the European Commission of the Danube (ECD) attempt to provide its sanitary vision, on a modern basis, in an unhealthy area. The need to impose a public health policy at the mouth of the Danube was given by Sulina's position as the gateway to Europe, subject to intense transit that brought with it mobility of the disease. Doctors Jellinek, Vignard, Petrescu Hagi Stoica, were some of the pillars that formed the basis of the formation of this health policy, which through their work and observations, made Sulina has known worldwide, not only in commercial importance but also in health. The epidemic waves, but also the doctors' findings, led to the construction of adequate medical facilities. Starting with 1878, after the involvement of the Romanian authorities, combining the social model with the medical one, a series of measures are adopted, which confers a new dimension of public health at the mouth of the Danube
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Kristiani, Maria, Susanthy Djajalaksana, Dini Erawati, Hendy Yudhanto, and Imam Bayuadi. "A Confirmed Case of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Probable Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern through Lung Biopsy." Malang Respiratory Journal 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mrj.2022.004.01.2.
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Background: Although classified as a rare disease, the global burden of disease study reports showed that interstitial lung disease is ranked 40th in the diseases with high mortality, and its prevalence had increased by 86% since 1990. The most common interstitial lung disease”idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)”has low survival rates”2-3 years after diagnosis”and is irreversible. Establishing a definite diagnosis of IPF is very difficult because it needs a multidisciplinary approach, as an establishment based on the description of HRCT and lung biopsy is needed. The goal of therapy is to prevent the progression of fibrosis. Case: We report a case of an adult woman, 46 years old with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with Probable Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) pattern at dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital. History taking, physical examination and laboratory and chest Xray examination of the patient found a suspicion of ILD. CT-scan showed fibrosis in both lungs, honeycomb appearance with pulmonary bronchiectasis traction, which fit the description of IPF, and thus suspended the diagnosis of ILD. VATS pulmonary biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of IPF. The patient experienced a decrease in clinical conditions, as her complaint was worsening in the last month, in accordance to the state of acute exacerbations. Conclusion: In this patient, the diagnosis of IPF with Probable UIP pattern was made through a multidisciplinary approach, including the pulmonology, radiology and anatomical pathology department.
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Hosny, Wafaa Abd El Wahab, Eman Mohamed Baheeg, Hala Abd El Raheem Aly, Samia Said Abd El Nabi, and Nadia Maher Hanna. "Field serological investigation for peste des petits ruminants, foot-and-mouth disease, and bluetongue diseases in illegally introduced animals in Egypt." August-2020 13, no. 8 (2020): 1661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1661-1666.
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Aim: In this study, laboratory scoping on the viruses that cause peste des petits ruminants (PPR), bluetongue (BT), and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was performed to evaluate the current status of animals illegally introduced into Egypt. This study aims to help control these infectious illnesses and tries to prevent the introduction of other strains of these three viruses to Egypt, as these illnesses spread quickly if not controlled. Materials and Methods: In the year 2018, 62 serum samples were collected and serologically tested through competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits to detect antibodies against PPR, BT, and FMD, which are three important transboundary infectious illnesses. Results: The results indicated that 60 out of 62 serum samples were positive for PPR antibodies (96.7%), 31 out of 62 were positive for FMD antibodies (50%), and 59 out of 62 serum samples were positive for BT antibodies (95%). Conclusion: This study revealed that PPR, FMD, and BT can be introduced into Egypt through the illegal introduction of sheep and goat from neighboring countries. Laboratory diagnostic abilities should be improved for the early detection and control of these illnesses.
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ASTUDILLO, V. M., P. SUTMOLLER, V. E. V. SARAIVA, and A. LOPEZ. "Risks of introducing foot and mouth disease through the importation of beef from South America." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 16, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.16.1.995.
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Huh, In-Ryang, Kei-Woul Kim, Geum-Jong Choi, and Teak-Soo Lee. "Water Quality Monitoring through Tube-Well Survey at Foot-and-mouth Disease Carcass Disposal Sites." Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 40, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2014.40.1.47.
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Franklin, James. "Crohn’s disease." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, no. 8 (June 27, 2018): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738018772321.
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal condition. It is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and colon. Individuals can present with a wide variety of symptoms, but diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss are the most common. It is a rare condition, but GPs play an important role in recognising Crohn’s disease and supporting patients through their lifelong treatment.
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Bolajoko, Muhammed B., Franciscus Van Gool, Andew R. Peters, Jeimmy Suarez Martinez, Ciara J. Vance, and Baptiste Dungu. "Field survey of major infectious and reproductive diseases responsible for mortality and productivity losses of ruminants amongst Nigerian Fulani pastoralists." Gates Open Research 4 (October 19, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13164.1.
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Background: Animal disease constitutes a major hurdle to improved livelihoods in rural Nigeria through the challenges of loss of productivity, livestock morbidity and mortality including reproductive losses. In order to design and implement impactful interventions, baseline data on the causes of such losses are needed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to carry out targeted field surveys, including interviews with ruminant farmers, veterinary professionals and other stakeholders in livestock farming to establish the main causes of disease and mortality including abortions in cattle and small ruminants (SR). Methods: Northern Nigeria was selected because the majority of the nation’s ruminants belong to pastoralists who are primarily resident in this region. Seven states; Bauchi, Kaduna, Kano, Nasarawa, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states were surveyed. The responses were collated and a comprehensive descriptive analysis was carried out. Results: Average cattle herd sizes ranged from 28 in Zamfara to 103 in Nasarawa; and from 27 in Kano to 128 in Sokoto for SR. In cattle, Trypanosomosis (with 4.27% mortality rate), foot and mouth disease (3.81%), nutritional insufficiency (1.93%) and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP; 1.44%) were the top four diseases/health problems that resulted in the highest mortality due to diseases within each state surveyed. For SR, trypanosomosis (with 6.85% mortality rate), Peste des Petits Ruminants (4.99%), orf (3.06%), foot rot (2.97%) and foot and mouth disease (2.94%) were the most important diseases responsible for the highest number of mortalities and culling for disease. Conclusions: The study revealed that there are significant losses via mortalities due to the occurrence of disease amongst the ruminant populations countrywide, as evidenced by the high overall mortality rates of both cattle (15.3%) and small ruminants (30.9%) from various diseases. Also, reproductive losses of 8.7% and 16.6% in cattle and SR, respectively, were recorded amongst the farmers involved.
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Martín-Acebes, Miguel A., Mónica González-Magaldi, Angela Vázquez-Calvo, Rosario Armas-Portela, and Francisco Sobrino. "Internalization of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus into Cultured Cells: a Comparative Study with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (February 18, 2009): 4216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02436-08.
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ABSTRACT We performed a comparative analysis of the internalization mechanisms used by three viruses causing important vesicular diseases in animals. Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) internalization was inhibited by treatments that affected clathrin-mediated endocytosis and required traffic through an endosomal compartment. SVDV particles were found in clathrin-coated pits by electron microscopy and colocalized with markers of early endosomes by confocal microscopy. SVDV infectivity was significantly inhibited by drugs that raised endosomal pH. When compared to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the early step of SVDV was dependent on the integrity of microtubules. SVDV-productive endocytosis was more sensitive to plasma membrane cholesterol extraction than that of FMDV, and differential cell signaling requirements for virus infection were also found. Vesicular stomatitis virus, a model virus internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, was included as a control of drug treatments. These results suggest that different clathrin-mediated routes are responsible for the internalization of these viruses.