Relevant bibliographies by topics / Through-thickness

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Through-thickness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Through-thickness"

1

Salama, Mamdouh M. "Through-Thickness Properties of TMCP Steels." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 126, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1836051.

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Two failure modes were observed in tensile test specimens machined from TMCP steel pipe. Longitudinal centerline cracks were formed after necking followed by the conventional cup and cone transverse failure. The formation of the longitudinal cracks was attributed to sulfur segregation and grain growth at the centerline. This gave rise to concerns that TMCP steels might exhibit low through-thickness ductility that could lead to lamellar tear failures in highly constrained joints or joints with through-thickness loadings such as in the case of tubular joints and lifting lugs. It also gave rise to a concern regarding the potential of hydrogen-induced cracking in TMCP steel vessels, pipelines, and cathodically protected tubular joints. The results of through-thickness tensile tests showed that this TMCP steel has good through-thickness ductility in spite of the presence of high sulfur segregation at the centerline. However, the results of slow strain tests on a hydrogen charged through-thickness tensile specimen showed some deterioration in ductility. In addition, the fracture of the specimen was characterized by the presence of multiple circumferential cracks that are characteristic of hydrogen embrittled materials.
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Barsom, J. M., and S. A. Korvink. "Through-Thickness Properties of Structural Steels." Journal of Structural Engineering 124, no. 7 (July 1998): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1998)124:7(727).

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WAGONER, R., and M. LI. "Simulation of springback: Through-thickness integration." International Journal of Plasticity 23, no. 3 (March 2007): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.04.005.

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De Angelis, R. J., D. B. Knorr, and H. D. Merchant. "Through-thickness characterization of copper electrodeposit." Journal of Electronic Materials 24, no. 8 (August 1995): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02652963.

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Chakrabarti, D. J., Hasso Weiland, B. A. Cheney, and James T. Staley. "Through Thickness Property Variations in 7050 Plate." Materials Science Forum 217-222 (May 1996): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.217-222.1085.

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Zhang, Xiumei, Xiaofeng Gu, and Shaoqing Xiao. "Modification of SiO2 thickness distribution through evaporation." Thin Solid Films 642 (November 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.09.018.

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Lodeiro, M. J., W. R. Broughton, and G. D. Sims. "Understanding limitations of through thickness test methods." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 28, no. 9 (September 1999): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146580199101540583.

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Ohtsuki, T., C. J. Lin, and F. Yamada. "Direct overwrite using through-thickness temperature gradients." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 6 (November 1991): 5109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.278756.

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Webster, P. J., X. D. Wang, and G. Mills. "Through-Thickness Strain Scanning Using Synchrotron Radiation." Materials Science Forum 228-231 (July 1996): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.228-231.227.

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Gibson, AG. "Through-thickness elastic constants of composite laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 47, no. 28 (December 4, 2012): 3487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998312466907.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Through-thickness"

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Bianchi, Francesco. "Numerical modelling of through-thickness reinforced structural joints." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7992.

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The main objective of this research study was to develop numerical models to analyse the mechanical and fracture properties of through-thickness reinforced (TTR) structural joints. The development of numerical tools was mainly based on the finite element (FE) method. A multi-scale approach was used: the bridging characteristics of a single reinforcement was studied at micromechanical level by simulating the single-pin response loaded either in mode-I or in mode-II. The force-displacement curve (bridging law) of the pin was used to define the constitutive law of cohesive elements to be used in a FE analysis of the global structure. This thesis is divided into three main parts: (I) Background, context and methodology, (II) Development for composite joints, and (III) Development for hybrid metal-composite joints. In the first part the objectives of the thesis are identified and a comprehensive literature review of state-of-art throughthickness reinforcement methods and relative modelling techniques has been undertaken to provide a solid background to the reader. The second part of the thesis deals with TTR composite/composite joints. The multi-scale modelling technique was firstly applied to predict delamination behaviour of mode-I and in mode-II test coupons. The bridging mechanisms of reinforcements and the way these increase the delamination resistance of bonded interfaces was deeply analysed, showing how the bridging characteristics of the reinforcement features affected the delamination behaviour. The modelling technique was then applied to a z-pin reinforced composite T-joint structure. The joint presented a complicated failure mode which involved multiple crack path and mixed-mode delamination, demonstrating the capability of the model of predicting delamination propagation under complex loading states. The third part of the thesis is focused on hybrid metal/composite joints. Mode- I and mode-II single-pin tests of metal pin reinforcements embedded into a carbon/epoxy laminate were simulated. The model was validated by comparing with experimental tests. Then the effects of the pin geometry on the pin bridging characteristics were analysed. The model revealed that both in mode-I and mode-II small pins perform better than large pins and also that the pin shape plays an important role in the pin failure behaviour. The modelling technique was then applied to simulate a metal-composite double-lap joint loaded in traction. The model showed that to obtain the best performance of the joint an accurate selection of pin geometry, pin arrangement and thickness of the two adherends should be done.
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Smith, Carmen Alexis. "Micromechanics of the through-thickness deformation of paperboard." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9426.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-172).
An experimental investigation of the behavior of paperboard has been performed, focusing on the identification of the mechanisms of through-thickness deformation. Experiments have been conducted at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, the difference between the two being the length scale. Experiments at the microscopic level were performed in a scanning electron microscope, allowing concurrent viewing of the deformation as it took place with acquisition of load vs. displacement data. The experiments at the macroscopic level confirm the mechanisms observed at the microscopic level and provide more accurate, continuum-level stress-strain data. The motivation for the investigation is the modeling of the creasing process, in which a sheet of paperboard is punched and folded along a narrow line to create a corner for packaging. Creasing experiments indicate that out-of-plane shear damage during punching and normal delamination during folding govern the quality of the resulting crease. Experiments in out-of-plane tension, compression, and simple shear have been performed to investigate the behavior of paperboard under these simple loading conditions. The results show that normal and tangential delamination at the interfaces between layers is of extreme importance in the behavior of paperboard in tension and shear. Damage in the form of micro cracks occurs almost from the onset of strain and culminates in large-scale delamination coincident with a large decrease in the strength of the material. In compression, the behavior is mostly elastic and is governed by densification of the material. The brief initial stages of deformation involve plastic elimination of voids. This is followed by non-linear elastic stiffening of the material via densification.
by Carmen Alexis Smith.
S.M.
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Mespoulet, Stephane. "Through-thickness test methods for laminated composite materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7314.

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Taniguchi, Shinro. "Measurement of the through-thickness strength of composites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:441ed7e2-72ed-4c2e-b0d2-066b5419b56e.

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This research deals with the mechanical characterisation of thick composite laminates in the through-thickness direction. Three independent glass fibre/epoxy laminate configurations, namely cross, quasi-isotropic, and woven, plies were investigated. Six specimen configurations, of which two were developed herein, were employed in order to determine the strength behaviour of these three laminate configurations when subjected to interlaminar shear and interlaminar tensile stresses in isolation and in combination. The stress and strain distributions were estimated using the ABAQUS FEA package. The strain distribution obtained thereby was verified experimentally via Moirandeacute; interferometry which records the exact strain field at the test section. A two dimensional failure envelope is defined for each laminate configuration using the experimentally obtained data. All three independent laminate configurations exhibited almost identical failure envelopes. The woven laminate exhibited superior interlaminar shear strength when subjected to combined interlaminar shear and interlaminar tensile stresses, whereas the cross-ply laminate exhibited superior interlaminar tensile strength when subjected to the same combination of stress. The characteristics of the quasi-isotropic laminate were similar to that of the cross-ply laminate. A partial three dimensional failure envelope was also defined for the materials tested.
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Grassi, Marcello. "Numerical modelling of composite laminates with through-thickness-reinforcements." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2971.

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The main objective of the present research study was to develop numerical models to investigate the mechanical properties and effectiveness of z-fibre reinforced laminates. A survey of relevant literature on through-thickness reinforcements (TTR) was undertaken and z-fibre pinning was chosen as the main topic of study. The development of numerical tools was mainly based on the finite element (FE) method and was carried out at different model scale levels. At a micro-mechanical level of analysis, two models were presented. Firstly a unit cell FE model based on the actual geometric configuration of a z-pinned composite was used. Calculations were performed to understand how the through-thickness reinforcement modified the engineering elastic constants and local stress distributions. Secondly the study of an analytical micro-mechanical model was undertaken. The model simulated a z-fibre bridging a delamination crack tinder mixed-mode loads. A constitutive law relating the z-pin bridging forces with the crack displacements was defined as the "bridging law". Numerical examples for z-fibre bridging laws under Mode I and Mode II loads were computed along with design evaluations of the effect of several micro-mechanical parameters on the bridging laws. This analytical model was then implemented into a MATLAB code specifically written by the author. The code generated constitutive relationship for interface elements simulating the bridging laws of a single z-pin to be used in a FE analysis. A detailed numerical study of the mode I interlaminar fracture of composite laminates with z-pins was then carried out. AFL• model of a double cantilever beam (DCB) was developed. The numerical analysis focused on the large scale bridging (LSB) caused by z-pins mechanics, which increased the laminate resistance against delamination growth. The numerical results were validated against experimental data. Computational curves for the energy balance and energy rates were also determined showing that the LSB process consumed a significant amount of irreversible energy. The assumption made by the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) that all energy dissipations were included in the fracture energy and confined within the damage front, was not valid for z-pinned laminates. The FE analysis was then extended to study a curved single-lap shear joint, to prove the effectiveness of TTR against debond failure of the joint. The presence of TTR was shown to delay the propagation of the debonding and generally to enhance the load carrying capability of the joint. TTR is proved to be more effective in reducing the Mode I component of debonding driving force than that of the Mode II. Finally a global-local approach was proposed to implement the TTR elements into large composite stnictural FE models. Possible future studies for TTR numerical modelling were also addressed.
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Caspe, Russell Jon. "Through-thickness melding of advanced carbon fibre reinforced polymers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/throughthickness-melding-of-advanced-carbon-fibre-reinforced-polymers(43780bb2-f455-4350-af4c-bd54210b5401).html.

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Melding is a novel process which offers a promising route to creating seamless bonds, by partially curing two laminates in a controlled manner using a Quickstep chamber and subsequently co-curing them. Previous research has focused on melding lap joints in the x-y plane of a composite, whereas this study investigates through-thickness melding, or melding in the z-plane of a composite. In this process, two composite stacks were exposed to heat from one side and actively cooled on the other through the z-axis. The two semi-cured parts were then co-cured creating a monolithic part with a seamless bond.The initial stage of the project developed the semi-curing process. After unsuccessful attempts to produce a semi-cured part in a general purpose Quickstep chamber, due to excessive heat transfer, the process was moved to a hot press with independently controlled platens. The hot press succeeded because the platens were separated from each other by the composite plate, unlike the Quickstep bladders which, as they are designed to conform to the part, came into contact allowing for heat transfer. Thermocouples were embedded every 15 plies to quantify the temperature profiles generated through the laminate stack.The next stage of the project developed a process of joining the semi-cured panels to form a through-thickness melded part. The final process involved constraining the sides of the panel with cork edge dams and inserting woven glass fabric at the corners to allow for gasses to escape. However, the outer parts of the fully melded panel exhibited excessive porosity which had an adverse effect on mechanical properties. For example, whereas tensile and flexural moduli measured for material from the edges of the panels were comparable to values reported in literature, the properties of samples from the middle of the panels deteriorated significantly due to the porosity. Mode I interlaminar fracture energy was approximately 10% lower than values measured for panels fabricated in an autoclave.The entire curing process, from semi-curing to a fully melded panel, was characterized extensively. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the degree of cure and values of glass transition temperature (Tg). The degree of cure of the material exposed to the hot side was approximately 50%, the middle 25%, whereas the cold side was only 15% cured. A corresponding Tg profile through the curing process was developed in which the Tg varied from 0 degrees C for the uncured resin to 245 degrees C in highly cured samples. After melding the sample, the degree of cure was found to be in excess of 99%. Rheological studies were carried out to determine the effects of the semi-curing process on resin flow during the melding cycle.Results showed that there was a large transition zone between uncured plies and solid (cured) plies.This thesis demonstrated the broad feasibility of through-thickness melding as a process to create thick composite laminates. However, the complexity of the process gives rise to thermal and rheological phenomena which affect the structural and chemical properties of the fully melded part. The process must therefore be engineered with these factors in mind in order to create a high quality part.
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Gan, Khong Wui. "Effect of high through-thickness compression on composite failure." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616885.

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As composite materials are now used in load conditions with increasing complexity and thickness, all the three-dimensional stress components become important and should be taken into account when predicting failures. In particular, the through-thickness stresses can play a crucial role in determining the in-plane behaviours and strength of a composite, laminate. The work presented in this PhD thesis aims to investigate failures due to complex stress fields at the root of a composite component in a dovetail assembly, where highly concentrated through-thickness stresses as well as in-plane tensile and interlaminar shear stresses are present. The problem was decoupled into two simpler multiaxial load cases which were studied separately: (1) through-thickness compression with interlaminar shear, and (2) through-thickness compression with longitudinal tension. They were investigated experimentally using new loading configuration in a biaxial test machine. This bridges the gap in reliable multiaxial experimental data which is lacking in the open literature. This was then combined with a finite element (FE) modelling approach to, develop simple failure criteria which are validated for engineering design purposes. A simple constitutive law which takes into account the effect of transverse compression and analytical tools which can be I easily utilised to predict stresses and failures in composites were also developed. The findings of this thesis were finally applied to a severely tapered dovetail composite specimen, together with some mitigation strategies, to predict its ultimate fibre failure load and the failure locations.
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Cui, Guiyong. "Experimental study of the through-thickness strength of laminated composites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80258f41-5358-447c-8047-0769c93f062c.

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Complicated structures made of fibre reinforced laminates will suffer the failure of delamination which is the main through-thickness failure mode and is usually caused by the combined through-thickness stress state. Three tests, namely the oblique test, the waisted C-specimen test and the notched beam test, have been developed to reveal the failure activities under the combined stress state of in-plane normal stress, through-thickness normal stress and interlaminar shear, and, as a part of the big project, to establish a 3-D failure map in the coordinates of the three stress components. All tests have been analyzed either numerically by FEM or experimentally by Moire interferometry technique. The experimental results have shown that the failure behaviours of laminates are far more complicated than and very different from the traditional metallic materials which can usually be described by phenomenological failure criteria. The phenomenological criteria attempt has been tried and further confirmed that a full experimental understanding is the most important. Moreover, fractographic analysis by SEM has also been conducted to support the test results. Finally the Weibull statistics method has been used to treat the stress gradient effect in the different test geometries while establishing the failure map. It has proved to be a very efficient instrument.
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Zhang, Bing. "Mechanical performance and self-sensing for through-thickness reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702728.

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This dissertation is focused on predicting the mechanical performance and damage self-sensing capability of composite laminates reinforced through the thickness with carbon Z-pins. A micro-mechanical finite element (FE) modelling strategy is developed for the analysis of the through-thickness reinforcement performance of Z-pins. This three-dimensional modelling approach is capable of describing the micro-structural features of Z-pinned laminates based on a versatile ply-level mesh. These features include the actual laminate stacking sequence, the presence of resin pockets surrounding the Z-pin, as well as the inherent misalignment of the through-thickness reinforcement. The Z-pin laminate interface is simulated by cohesive elements and frictional contact. The progressive failure of the Z-pin is modelled considering shear-driven internal splitting, accounted for using cohesive elements, and tensile fibre failure, modelled using the Weibull criterion. The modelling approach is verified via the experimental results of quasi-isotropic laminate coupons reinforced by single T300/BMI Z-pins. Carbon Z-pins enable a delamination self-sensing function in composite laminates. A sensing system able to detect the presence and size of interlaminar cracks in Z-pin reinforced laminates is here proposed and implemented. The system consists of a self-sensing structure, i.e. a Z-pinned laminate, and a sensor reading and analysis (SRA) system. The through-thickness electrical resistance (TTER) is considered as sensing variable. This requires bonding conductive epoxy electrodes to the laminate surfaces. Mode I and II tests are performed on single Z-pin reinforced laminates and double-cantilever laminated beams reinforced with Z-pin arrays. Results show that the TTER ·signal can be used to monitor delamination as well as the bridging state in individual Z-pins. A novel FE modelling strategy is proposed and verified to predict the toughness enhancement due to the insertion of delamination-sensing Z-pins.
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Rashid, Adnan. "Investigation of through-thickness assembly stresses in composite wing spars." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722699.

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Books on the topic "Through-thickness"

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Dawicke, D. S. Through-the-thickness fatigue crack closure behavior in an aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Horban, Blaise A. The effects of through the thickness delaminations on curved composite panels. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology, Dept. of the Air Force, Air University, 1985.

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Hyer, M. W. A simple evaluation of thermally-induced stresses in the vicinity of the stitch in a through-thickness reinforced cross-ply laminate. Blacksburg, Va: Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Virginia Tech, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ; [Washington, DC, 1994.

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Nevalainen, Markku J. Fracture toughness comparison between a semielliptical surface crack in a 4PB plate and a through-thickness crack in a 3PB fracture toughness test specimen. Espoo, Finland: VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1997.

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Through-the-thickness tensile strength of textile composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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G, Ifju Peter, and Langley Research Center, eds. Through-the-thickness tensile strength of textile composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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G, Ifju Peter, and Langley Research Center, eds. Through-the-thickness tensile strength of textile composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Through-the-thickness tensile strength of textile composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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C, Newman J., Grandt A. F. 1945-, and Langley Research Center, eds. Through-the-thickness fatigue crack closure behavior in an aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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C, Newman J., Grandt A. F. 1945-, and Langley Research Center, eds. Through-the-thickness fatigue crack closure behavior in an aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Through-thickness"

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Miravete, A., R. I. Kim, G. Piedrafita, and S. Baselga. "Through — Thickness Stress Distributions in Tapered Composite Beams." In Developments in the Science and Technology of Composite Materials, 871–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0787-4_123.

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Carbonaro, Salvatore. "Atherosclerosis: Clinical Perspectives Through Imaging Carotid Intima-Media Thickness." In Atherosclerosis: Clinical Perspectives Through Imaging, 163–71. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4288-1_10.

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Yasaee, Mehdi, Galal Mohamed, Antonio Pellegrino, Nik Petrinic, and Stephen R. Hallett. "Dynamic Mode II Delamination in Through Thickness Reinforced Composites." In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8, 91–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42195-7_13.

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Zinke, O. H., J. Timothy Lovett, and W. F. Schmidt. "Measurement of Thickness of Magnetite Layers Through Alloy 600." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1425–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4791-4_183.

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Simo, J. C., D. D. Fox, and M. S. Rifai. "A Nonlinear Shell Theory with Through-The-Thickness Stretch." In Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics, 181–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49373-7_17.

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Crammond, G., S. W. Boyd, and J. M. Dulieu-Barton. "Through-Thickness Load Transfer in Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 111–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4235-6_15.

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Sarkar, J., S. Cao, and S. Saimoto. "Friction Effects on Through-Thickness Texture Evolution during Rolling." In Materials Science Forum, 567–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.567.

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Hollman, Kyle W., C. M. Fortunko, and Dale W. Fitting. "Through-Thickness Elastic Constant for Aramid-Epoxy/Aluminum Composite Materials." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1115–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5947-4_145.

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Koohbor, Behrad, Silas Mallon, and Addis Kidane. "Through Thickness Fracture Behavior of Transversely Graded Ti/TiB Material." In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure, and Damage Evolution, Volume 5, 51–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06977-7_7.

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Fletcher, Lloyd, and Fabrice Pierron. "Inertial Impact Method for the Through-Thickness Strength of Composites." In International Digital Imaging Correlation Society, 105–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51439-0_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Through-thickness"

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Xia, Z. Cedric, and Danielle Zeng. "Understanding Through-Thickness Integration in Springback Simulation." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0147.

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Burchitz, I. A., T. Meinders, and J. Huétink. "Adaptive Through-Thickness Integration Strategy for Shell Elements." In MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN; Modeling, Simulation and Applications; NUMIFORM '07; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2740892.

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Wu, K., Y. H. Liu, and C. C. Lee. "Optical Constant and Thickness Measurements through Multi-wavelength Interferometry." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2010.the4.

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Kashanian, Kiarash, and Il Yong Kim. "Aircraft Wing Design Through Concurrent Thickness and Material Optimization." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1234.

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Withayachumnankul, W., B. M. Fischer, S. P. Mickan, and D. Abbott. "Thickness Determination for Homogeneous Dielectric Materials through THz-TDS." In >2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2006.368656.

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Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas. "Through-Thickness Residual Stress Measurements on Springback Test Specimens." In NUMISHEET 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Process. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2011221.

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Cardoso, Rui P. R. "One point quadrature shell element with through-thickness stretch." In NUMISHEET 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Process. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2011310.

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Sihn, Sangwook, and Ajit Roy. "Enhancement of Through-Thickness Thermal Conductivity of Nanotube-Reinforced Composites." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1771.

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Lee, Chang-Yong, and Dewey Hodges. "Asymptotically Correct Dynamic Shell Theory: 1-D Through-Thickness Analysis." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2010.

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Jawed, Rehan, Kishore Maheshwari, Jay Jamali, and Marvin Rourke. "Through Tubing Casing Break Detection: An EM Thickness Tool Application." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199952-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Through-thickness"

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Karkkainen, Ryan L., Paul Moy, and Jerome T. Tzeng. Through-Thickness Property Measurement of Three-Dimensional Textile Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada499568.

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Ramani, K., and A. Vaidyanathan. Enhancing through thickness thermal conductivity of ultra-thin composite laminates. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/441763.

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Wang, Youqi, and Xiaojiang J. Xin. Ballistic Strength of Multi-Layer Fabric System with Through-The-Thickness Reinforcement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584508.

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Harter, James A. An Alternative Closed-Form Stress Intensity Solution for Single Part-Through and Through-the-Thickness Cracks at Offset Holes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363701.

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Festner, Zachary. Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Through Retinal Cell Layer Thickness: An Insight into the Neurodegeneration Process. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.235.

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Allen, Luke, Joon Lim, Robert Haehnel, and Ian Dettwiller. Helicopter rotor blade multiple-section optimization with performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41031.

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This paper presents advancements in a surrogate-based, rotor blade design optimization framework for improved helicopter performance. The framework builds on previous successes by allowing multiple airfoil sections to designed simultaneously to minimize required rotor power in multiple flight conditions. Rotor power in hover and forward flight, at advance ratio 𝜇 = 0.3, are used as objective functions in a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The framework is constructed using Galaxy Simulation Builder with optimization provided through integration with Dakota. Three independent airfoil sections are morphed using ParFoil and aerodynamic coefficients for the updated airfoil shapes (i.e., lift, drag, moment) are calculated using linear interpolation from a database generated using C81Gen/ARC2D. Final rotor performance is then calculated using RCAS. Several demonstrative optimization case studies were conducted using the UH-60A main rotor. The degrees of freedom for this case are limited to the airfoil camber, camber crest position, thickness, and thickness crest position for each of the sections. The results of the three-segment case study show improvements in rotor power of 4.3% and 0.8% in forward flight and hover, respectively. This configuration also yields greater reductions in rotor power for high advance ratios, e.g., 6.0% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.35, and 8.8% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.4.
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Bao, Jieyi, Xiaoqiang Hu, Cheng Peng, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317227.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
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Thompson, Marshall, and Ramez Hajj. Flexible Pavement Recycling Techniques: A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-022.

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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) involves the recycling of the asphalt portions (including hot-mix asphalt and chip, slurry, and cape seals, as well as others) of a flexible or composite pavement with asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt as the binding agent. Full-depth reclamation (FDR) includes the recycling of the entire depth of the pavement and, in some cases, a portion of the subgrade with asphalt, cement, or lime products as binding agents. Both processes are extensively utilized in Illinois. This project reviewed CIR and FDR projects identified by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) from the Transportation Bulletin and provided comments on pavement designs and special provisions. The researchers evaluated the performance of existing CIR/FDR projects through pavement condition surveys and analysis of falling weight deflectometer data collected by IDOT. They also reviewed CIR/FDR literature and updated/modified (as appropriate) previously provided inputs concerning mix design, testing procedures, thickness design, construction, and performance as well as cold central plant recycling (CCPR) literature related to design and construction. The team monitored the performance of test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Virginia Department of Transportation. The researchers assisted IDOT in the development of a CCPR special provision as well as responded to IDOT inquiries and questions concerning issues related to CIR, FDR, and CCPR. They attended meetings of IDOT’s FDR with the Cement Working Group and provided input in the development of a special provision for FDR with cement. The project’s activities confirmed that CIR, FDR, and CCPR techniques are successfully utilized in Illinois. Recommendations for improving the above-discussed techniques are provided.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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10

Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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