Academic literature on the topic 'Through a Glass Darkly'

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Journal articles on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

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Schofield, Roger. ""Through a Glass Darkly"." Social Science History 22, no. 2 (1998): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1171532.

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Moynihan, Donald P. "Through A Glass, Darkly." Public Performance & Management Review 32, no. 4 (June 1, 2009): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pmr1530-9576320409.

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Larrimore, Mark. "Through a Glass Darkly." Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 26, no. 1 (2005): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gfpj200526111.

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Johnson, Tumi. "Through a Glass Darkly." Annals of Internal Medicine 152, no. 6 (March 16, 2010): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00013.

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Addis, Jeremy, Max Wright, and Michael G. Casey. "Through the Glass Darkly." Books Ireland, no. 146 (1990): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20626361.

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Lago, Eduardo, and Daniel Hahn. "Through a Glass, Darkly." Common Knowledge 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-9265339.

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SIMPSON, St John, and Georgina HERRMANN. "'Through the Glass Darkly'." Iranica Antiqua 30 (January 1, 1995): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ia.30.0.519288.

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SIMPSON, St John &. HERRMANN. "'Through the Glass Darkly'." Iranica Antiqua 30, no. 1 (April 14, 2005): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ia.30.1.519288.

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Adlington, Robert, and Philip Glass. "Through a Glass Darkly." Musical Times 135, no. 1813 (March 1994): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1002910.

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Hall, Tom. "Through a Glass Darkly." Sociology 38, no. 3 (July 2004): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038504043223.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

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Gavranovic, Altin. "Through the Looking Glass Darkly: Episodes from the History of Deviance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10506.

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This dissertation is a cultural history of deviance in the United States. I use a series of case studies to examine the way deviant figures have been represented and experienced within American culture. The dissertation covers four historical eras and examines a representative deviant figure in each of them. The first chapter deals with the figure of the witch in Puritan New England, the second examines the libertine in the early American republic, the third deals with freaks in Victorian America and the fourth studies the flapper in the roaring twenties. Each of these chapters is focused on a particular historical crisis, trial or scandal that produced a rich body of historical evidence for study and analysis: the Salem Witch Trial of 1692, the Apthorp-Morton Scandal of 1788, the sensational Beecher-Tilton Affair of 1875 and the Ruth Snyder Trial of 1927. My overarching thesis is that representations of deviants reveal a deep cultural preoccupation with failure and inadequacy, which are projected onto deviant figures. This interpretation is an attempt to move beyond viewing representations of deviance as simply being attempts to repress those who do not conform to societal norms, or to shore up fragile social identities by creating ‘others’ against whom the normal American could be negatively defined. Instead, I argue that representations of deviance were compelling to the Americans who created them primarily as powerful fantasies about failure, lack and inadequacy. On to the rich symbolic canvas of the deviant figure, Americans projected their anxieties about personal and social failure. In different ways at different times, deviants have been used to articulate the various possible ways in which a person could fail to meet their society’s ideals and expectations, and to imagine the consequences of such failures for both individual personhood and society as a whole. The deviant has therefore historically served as a kind of mirror to the culture which produced him or her: a mirror in which a culture might darkly glimpse its own values, distorted by the terrifying failure to achieve that which is most prized.
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Ramsay, Debra. "Through a glass, darkly: American media and the memory of World War II." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606267.

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The innate correlation between media and memory is widely acknowledged, but less attention has been devoted to how the complex relationships between media themselves contribute to the formulation of mediated memory. Drawing on contemporary representations of World War 11 in American media from the last two decades, this thesis explores the different ways in which media texts and industries connect and interact, and how such relationships shape and define the memory of conflict. The American experience of World War 11 was refracted first through the multifaceted lens of the wartime generation's mediascape and later through that of their progeny, the Baby Boomers. Each generation's media established layers of meaning for subsequent generations to encounter, challenge, reformulate or preserve. These sedimentary layers of meaning form a 'dark glass' through which the past is viewed; colored by each generation's values, perceptions and experiences. This thesis excavates the stratifications of meaning within generational mediated memories of World War 11 in America, exposing both continuities and changes, in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the configuration of the memory of the conflict in the media of the current generation. Approaching the construction of the mediated memory of World War II as an ongoing process within a dynamic cultural system involving mass media industries, texts and individuals, this thesis concentrates on the nodes of connection between the component parts of the system of memory as means of illuminating the structural design underpinning current representations of the conflict in film, television and digital games. Exploring the evolution of World War 11 mediated memory in the first decade of the new millennium provides insight not only into how mass media technologies combine to color the memory of past conflicts, but also into how war itself is understood in the present. l
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Morrell, Penelope. "Through a glass darkly?': An enquiry into HIV prevalence on Stellenbosch wine farms." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3867.

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Despite the complex and often highly specific nature of the social aspects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, many projects working in the field do not base their strategies on local evidence, given the paucity of suitable local-level data as well as the presences of organisational constraints. A project offering HIV testing to farm-based communities in Stellenbosch is a case in point. While no prevalence data exists for this sub-population, the assumption was that there may be high levels of infection, following the organisation's experience of AIDS-related illnesses on these farms and the social conditions on wine farms which were thought to produce vulnerability for infection. Some in the organisation also thought that farm-based communities battled to access healthcare. During the first year of providing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) on wine farms, however, the Stellenbosch Hospice's Farms Project consistently found lower than expected levels of HIV infection. This gave rise to the question being addressed in this thesis - which is what can be 'known' about HIV prevalence in a sub-population for whom there is no evidence-based prevalence data. In practical terms, if modestly-funded local-level organisations1 were able to undertake accessible forms of research, what would they be able to surmise about HIV prevalence among proposed beneficiaries? Taking an unusual approach to research on prevalence, this study employs a minimally positivist approach to investigate what can be 'known' about HIV prevalence on wine farms in the Stellenbosch area. It does so by 1 This term is used to include various forms of organisations - be they nongovernmental, non-profit or service organisations - which are small, relatively survivalist organisations. It may be a church-based organisation, a large communitybased healthcare organisation or a service organisation like a hospice. I do so to differentiate it from the larger, professionalised non-governmental organisations (NGO) which frequently have research capacity. My notional organisation is also not a community-based organisation (CBO), however, which are largely membership-based and whose access to their locations is usually more organic and embedded, while NPOs are invariably staffed by people who do not necessarily live in the locations in which they are intervening. vi triangulating data from the four sources that such an organisation might use, had they the capacity. These sources are published statistics and published articles, the opinions of local 'experts', and their own organisational data - in this case the first year of Farms Project's results. Significantly this does not include the more conventional surveys and statistical modelling, which is beyond this kind of organisation's capacity. After reviewing publicly available prevalence data and showing that there are none for this sub-sector, this study probes the HIV 'risk' and related prevalence data associated with issues of poverty, gender relations, 'race' and alcohol consumption on Stellenbosch wine farms. In addition it presents prevalence data from a sample of farms as well as reviews HIV 'risk' and prevalence in rural areas nationally. In doing so, it critiques the causal links often made between the kinds of social conditions found on farms and HIV infection. On the basis of the data considered and the methods used, the study finds that levels of HIV infection on farms could be expected to be lower than the average prevalence in the Stellenbosch health sub-district. It cautions, however, that this finding is not conclusive, not least as it was unable to consider some significant social conditions - like the movement of people, and effects of socially conscious farmers and the services they provide. In addition it is not generalisable to other South African farms, given the particularity of wine farms and of the Western Cape. The study concludes by noting the limited value of prevalence data to project design, given the range of factors that can affect it at any time, and that it necessarily masks variation within an area or sub-population. While prevalence is useful as a starting point in project design, it is important to disaggregate where infection lies through an analysis of key social conditions. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of this finer analysis for project design in order to avoid strategies founded on poor assumptions, while recognising the difficulty of this for modest organisations.
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Thomas, Samantha Jayne. "Through a stoic looking glass (darkly) : reflections of Caesar in Lucan's Civil war." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556718.

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In this thesis I shall reconsider the Stoic figuring in the character of Caesar in Lucan's Civil War, and in particular its relevance within this Neronian epic. Here, the interaction between Lucan and Seneca will be significant. In Seneca's essay De Clementia, he addressed the young emperor Nero directly, in order to hold up a mirror to Nero so that he may view himself as 'Caesar', and to understand what it means to hold such a position. In this thesis I shall explore the extent to which Lucan's poem may also be configured as a 'mirror' that is both Stoic and Caesarian. However the reflections that will follow are multiple: in my reading, Caesar is no straightforward 'exemplar of evil'. He remains, at times, shockingly arrogant and sacrilegious, and the crimes enacted in his name are difficult to countenance. But he is also a revolutionary figure, overturning a corrupt republic, driven by his men and the will of the people. At times he appears courageous and resourceful, a Caesar who is both informed and facilitated by Stoicism. Caesar is an exemplum in the sense of both 'warning' and 'precedent': a reflection, perhaps, held up to Nero in order that he might glimpse what it might mean to be Caesar: a reflection that is far more complex and arguably far less flattering than the one provided by Seneca. Lucan's Caesar is indefatigable, but he also appears vulnerable and isolated. He is an outrageous criminal, but he will suffer as he is recast as Rome's new figurehead, the target for all Rome's blame. Lucan's Caesar is criminal (nefas), on his way to becoming divine (divus), and it is within this tension, I will suggest, that we may finally glimpse a Caesar who is more human, sympathetic, but always - necessarily - deeply problematicized.
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Stiff, Matthew. "'Through a glass darkly' : seventh to ninth century vessel glass from 'wics' and 'emporia' in North Western Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302702.

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Engle, Karen Jane. "Through a glass darkly, or, Intertextual travel and Angela Carter's de/constructions of identity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ46973.pdf.

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Carter, Tristan Bruce. "'Through a glass darkly' : obsidian and society in the southern Aegean Early Bronze Age." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317919/.

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This thesis considers the social context of Southern Aegean lithic technology during the fourth-third millennia B.C., focusing on the socio-political significance accorded the production and consumption of obsidian blades from the later Neolithic-Early Bronze Age. In Section One (Chapters One-Five) past work on Aegean obsidian is examined critically. Through drawing on data generated by recent surveys and excavations in the southern mainland, the Cyclades and Crete, it is argued that from the later Neolithic - EBII, the working of obsidian shifted from a community-wide basis to being located within a restricted number of settlements. These latter sites, due to their size and associated material culture, are suggested regional centres, acting as loci for skilled knappers and the dissemination of their products. This ability to influence or directly control such individuals is claimed to have played a role in the development of social inequality. The central part of the thesis, Section Two (Chapters Six-Nine) discusses the appearance of fine obsidian blades within the EBI Cycladic burial record, arguing that this new mode of consumption provides a context where one can see the reconceptualisation and political appropriation of lithic technology. The regular association of obsidian blades with materials associated with body modification and personal display suggest their use in depilation and scarification: the physical manifestation of an individual's political identity. This role, however, has to be seen as largely symbolic, as microwear analysis shows that these blades were generally interred unused and in such fresh state to suggest that most were produced specifically for burial. Finally, it is considered that the pan-Southern Aegean adoption of this funerary habit, from the late EBI onwards, was largely the result of social processes, namely the long-distance voyaging that formed such an important factor in forging and articulating ideology and cosmology in the Early Cycladic world. The appearance of this burial practice beyond the Cyclades is investigated in the context of contemporary socialrelations and a number of other variables that may have affected the act's meaning in regions such as the Mesara of Southern Crete. Section Three (Chapters Ten-Twelve) deals with those sites where notably higher concentrations of 'Cycladica' have led to suggestions that something above and beyond trade and exchange was responsible for creating the archaeological record: that of physical movement and colonisation. Through my studies it has been recognised that a number of subtly different techniques were employed to produce the fine pressureflaked blades from both domestic and mortuary contexts, some of which have quite specific temporal and spatial distributions. The chipped stone from the three cemeteries central to this controversy: Aghia Photia, Archanes and Manika, were analysed in the context of their relationship to contemporary lithic technology in the Cyclades. Detailed, holistic, contextual analyses have produced remarkably positive results, implying the presence of an immigrant population at the former site, whilst the material from the latter two communities can be largely explained through the adoption and manipulation of exotic social practices. As with every aspect of this thesis' work, these results are then discussed in the light of broader southern Aegean political issues.
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Hahn, Anne Florence. "Through a glass darkly : an investigation of religious and moral values expressed in children's literature." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16367.

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Bibliography: pages 248-262.
The study investigates children's religious and moral reasoning in relation to situations in literature. Theoretical examination includes evaluation of both psychological and literary perspectives on morality and religion. Chapter 1 outlines and evaluates the cognitive-developmental approach to moral development as developed by Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. The validity of stage categorization is questioned and it is suggested that consideration of types of moral reasoning contributes more than the idea of fixed moral stages to the understanding of moral thought processes. Chapter 2 outlines a literary perspective on religion and examines the emphasis in orientation towards religion as expressed by fantasy and moralistic literature. Although literature has not been categorically designated moralistic literature, passages which contain moralistic emphasis are isolated for discussion. Evaluation of the discipline of reader response theory integrates the theoretical and practical aspects of the study.
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Dickinson, Paul Tyrrell. "Through a glass darkly : finding values in obsidian stemmed tools from New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38825.

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The ways of life of the inhabitants of prehistoric New Britain were almost unknown to archaeologists until the last quarter of the twentieth century. Until recently, the people who lived there during the early to mid-Holocene period, and who left scant traces in the archaeological record, were assumed to have been residentially mobile foragers living in simple societies. More recent research has shown that people were making and exchanging large, highly worked, obsidian tools. The inference was that these tools carried a component of social value and were used to signal status, and that the societies of mid-Holocene New Britain were more complex than previously thought. My aim is to demonstrate that a detailed study of a distinctive class of obsidian stemmed tools supports the proposition that networks, in which concepts of social value existed and symbolic capital was exchanged, flourished in West New Britain in the period 5900-3600 BP. This is achieved primarily by using a high-magnification use-wear analysis which, together with supplementary typological and raw material provenancing evidence, enables use-lives of individual artefacts to be constructed. An exploration of both the nature of value and of archaeological evidence for the ways in which people behave in response to the social value of such as status, prestige and identity provides a basis for linking the object biographies of these objects with ways in which people acted in response to symbolic and social value. The results demonstrate that one group of stemmed tools were standardised products made by specialist craft workers acting within some form of social network and exchange system. The people who owned them treated them as ‘special’ objects, recognizing that some of the value attached to these tools was distinct from and separate to any value they may have had as practical utensils. Use-wear is customarily seen as a functional analysis approach which provides data about matters such as diet and subsistence. Employing use-wear to address more abstract concepts such as status, prestige and identity is innovative and marks a step forward in the way in which a high-magnification microwear study can contribute to archaeology.
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Povey, Deborah. "Seen through a glass darkly : a study of Netherlandish imagery from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238754.

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Books on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

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Brian, Power. Through Glass Darkly. Dublin: Bayleaf Publications, 2003.

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Brian, Power. Through glass darkly: Poems. Dublin: Bayleaf Publications, 2003.

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Risden, Edward L. Through a glass darkly. Lewiston, NY: Mellen Poetry Press, 1995.

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Worton, Jenny. Through a glass darkly. London: Nick Hern Books, 2010.

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Koen, Karleen. Through a glass darkly. New York: Avon Books, 1987.

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Morris, Gilbert. Through a Glass Darkly. Thorndike, Me: G.K. Hall, 2000.

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Maclennan, Don. Through a glass darkly. Grahamstown: D. Maclennan, 2008.

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Mitchell, Sara. Through a glass darkly. Carmel, NY: Guideposts Assoicates, 1985.

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Braud, Janice. Through a glass darkly. Spring, Tex: Counterpoint Pub. Co., 1994.

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Miller, Charlotte. Through a glass, darkly. Montgomery, AL: NewSouth Books, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

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Griffin, R. E. M. "Through a Glass Darkly." In Highlights of Astronomy, 607–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9374-3_107.

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Webb, Stephen. "Through a glass, darkly." In New Eyes on the Universe, 53–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2194-8_3.

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Adshead, Gwen. "Through a Glass Darkly." In Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychopathy, 13–27. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315193908-2.

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Biller, Peter. "Through a glass darkly." In The Medieval World, 345–67. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge worlds: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315102511-21.

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Fear, Andrew. "Through a Glass Darkly." In Mithras, 189–204. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429491467-14.

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Hardwick, David F., and Leslie Marsh. "Liberalism, Through a Glass Darkly." In Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism, 91–123. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28760-3_4.

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Martin, Carmel M. "Multimorbidity: Through a Glass Darkly." In The Value of Systems and Complexity Sciences for Healthcare, 121–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26221-5_10.

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Bird, Matthew D. "Looking through the glass, darkly." In The Rise and Fall of Global Microcredit, 71–92. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge critical development studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228693-4.

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Steele, Wendy. "Through the security glass darkly." In Planning Wild Cities, 39–60. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in sustainable urbanism: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315688756-3.

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Gancarz, Mike. "Through the Glass Darkly." In Linux and the Unix Philosophy, 151–74. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-155558273-9/50012-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

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Noble, James. "Through a glass, darkly (invited talk)." In SPLASH '18: Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3281074.3281075.

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Bryson, Alexis N., Stuart M. Kenderes, and Alan Whittington. "THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY; AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE VC-1 RHYOLITE, SW VALLES CALDERA, NM." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-327380.

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Avanesyan, Sergey M., Stefano Orlando, Steve C. Langford, and J. Thomas Dickinson. "Through a glass, darkly: point defect production by ultrafast laser irradiation of alkali-containing silica glasses and alkali halide single crystals." In Boulder Damage Symposium XXXVI, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Arthur H. Guenther, Norbert Kaiser, Keith L. Lewis, M. J. Soileau, and Christopher J. Stolz. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.583585.

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Crowcroft, Jon. "Through a graph, darkly." In the 4th ACM international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2307836.2307838.

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Shigeishi, Takayuki, Chungpyo Hong, and Yutaka Asako. "Experimental Investigations on Friction Factors of Gaseous Flow Through a Micro-Tube With Smooth Surface." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71145.

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The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate flow characteristics on semi-local friction factors of nitrogen gas flow through a micro-tube with a smooth surface. The experiments were performed using a glass micro-tube with 266 μm in diameter and 120 mm in length. Three static pressure holes are drilled on the wall near the micro-tube outlet at intervals of 5 mm, and the local pressures were measured with the outlet discharged into the atmosphere. The local values of Mach number, temperature and friction factor were obtained from the measured local pressures. The result in the wide range of Reynolds number was also obtained, including the choked flow. Darcy friction factor and Fanning friction factor obtained under the assumptions of both a Fanno flow (adiabatic wall) and an Isothermal flow were compared with empirical correlations in the literature and numerical results.
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Lemley, Evan C., Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou, and Henry J. Neeman. "Non-Darcy Flow Pore Network Simulation: Development and Validation of a 3D Model." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37278.

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This validation study is part of a larger ongoing study to improve flow simulation in three dimensions in porous materials. Obtaining porous flow parameters such as permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient is time consuming and expensive, and may be very sample dependent. This study is aimed at verifying a simulation technique that predicts flow parameters, including permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient, by comparing simulation results to empirical results. The simulation technique used performs Monte Carlo trials by using statistical information about pore size distributions to generate random pore networks consisting of pipes and junctions, then simulating flow through the network. The validations have been performed for a packed bed of glass beads and for sandstone. For glass beads the relationship between permeability and Forchheimer’s coefficient follows an empirical relationship known as Ergun’s equation, while sandstone has been compared to measured data for the permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient relationship. The glass bead simulations resulted in a very close match to Ergun’s equation for the permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient. The sandstone simulations showed similar trends to the empirical data for permeability versus Forchheimer coefficient.
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Colvin, Jim. "Comparative Failure Analysis of Photovoltaic Devices." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0149.

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Abstract Photovoltaic devices (PV) or more commonly “solar cells” are analyzed using LBIC/LBIV (Light Beam Induced Current/Voltage) PL (Photoluminescence) and EL (Electroluminescence) as well as INSB thermal Methods. This paper will show the advantages and pitfalls of the techniques as well as a novel way to perform EL imaging without a dark box and thermal imaging through glass panels.
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Dyer, Lawrence D. "Fracture Tracing and Analysis in Silicon and Glass Wafers." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1155.

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Abstract Silicon wafers and chips are subject to brittle fracture. Microscale devices have unique problems of fracture owing to the thinness of the wafers, small dimensions of active device elements and to chemical or mechanical processing on a small scale. The first step in analyzing fractures is to look through a microscope at the fracture surfaces of the broken pieces. The fracture is traced back to an origin by use of markings that appear on the fracture surfaces [Dyer, 1984; van Kessel & McGee, 1985; Perrin, 1989,1990; and Pote, 1990]. This step is more difficult for the microscale because more magnification is required and because tools to make the step as easy as for the macroscale have not been developed. The second step is to look at markings near the origin and at the other device surfaces near the origin for clues to what caused the material to exceed the critical stress. It is important to know what processes the wafer or device has undergone to assess the possibilities for identifying the stage that introduced the critical weakness. Markings that are convenient to trace the fracture back to an origin are: rib lines, hackle (tear) marks, river lines, lance marks, and Wallner lines. Clues to stresses involved can come from the size of the mirror region, from hesitation lines, faceted Wallner areas, and from the shape of the fracture surface near the origin. Clues from the front and back surfaces can be scratches, Hertzian partial cone cracks (horseshoe-shaped) [Dyer, 1987a, 1989], rubbing marks, or chips and other damage near the origin. Rib lines are essentially the instantaneous locations of the crack front. They are made visible because the crack sometimes does not proceed smoothly on a fixed plane, but oscillates back and forth around this plane as the crack front moves to relieve the applied stress. They are sometimes difficult to see in a particular area. Interference contrast or oblique lighting help. Hackle marks are essentially the places where the material tears because the advancing crack is taking two different levels and must tear the step between them for the crack to advance. They are generally normal to the advancing crack front Lance markings are hackle marks where the two levels have interpenetrated before separation occurs. River lines are hackle marks where smaller steps coalesce into taller ones. They are the most reliable indicator of the direction of crack travel. Wallner lines are fine, rib-like markings where the running crack front is intercepted by transverse shear waves that are produced by the crack snagging on obstacles, usually at the surface. Since they are bowed in a consistent manner, they may be used to locate the origin. Faceted Wallner areas [Dyer, 1987b] occur around the origin when the first fracture is near a {110} plane. They occur when some part of the crack meets an obstacle and creates a transverse shear wave which interferes with the crack front enough to make the Wallner lines form into large peaks and valleys with crystalline facets. Faceted Wallner areas make the job of finding the origin much simpler in complicated cases because they are so visible under bright or dark field. Their appearance also gives an indication of the stress level encountered. This marking does not appear in glass, but all the other markings do. Table I summarizes the various fracture markings and their uses. Several examples of fracture problems that have been solved by the foregoing approach will be given.
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Mishra, D., A. Pal, N. Nemick, A. K. Saha, V. Prasad, and H. Zhang. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Transport Phenomena in a Simulated Hydrothermal Crystal Growth System of Fluid-Saturated Porous Layer." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1482.

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Abstract A simulated, non-pressurized hydrothermal system consisting of a fluid-superposed porous layer is fabricated and used for visualization and measurement of the temperature field using liquid crystal thermography. The system is used for various boundary conditions with pure glycerine as the working fluid and the porous layer is made of 3mm diameter glass beads. Experimental data is recorded using a color CCD camera and flow visualization is obtained through a long exposure video photography. A calibration is performed to relate the temperature with scattered colors at an orthogonal angle to the incoming white light sheet. Quantitative temperature data is obtained through this calibration and compared with the numerical predictions. For numerical studies the system is modeled as a composite layer of fluid and porous charge using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer flow model. A two-dimensional curvilinear algorithm using finite volume technique with a non-staggered grid is used to simulate the temperature field and transport phenomena for various Rayleigh–Darcy number combinations of varying aspect ratio. The results, for the first time, make an attempt towards understanding the transport process in hydrothermal system through both numerical simulation and experimental validation.
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Matsushita, Shinichi, Chungpyo Hong, Yutaka Asako, and Ichiro Ueno. "Experimental Investigations of Turbulent Gas Flow in a Micro-Channel." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63295.

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This paper presents experimental investigations on turbulent gas flow characteristics of nitrogen gas through a micro-channel. The micro-channels were etched into silicon wafers, capped with glass, and their hydraulic diameter is 147.76 micro meters. The micro-channel was designed with a main flow channel and seven side channels, which lead to the pressure transducers. The stagnation pressure was designated in such a way that the flow is in turbulent flow regime. The outlet of the channel faced to the atmosphere. The pressures of the main channel at seven locations were measured by gauge pressure transducers to determine local values of Mach number. And the pressure differences of each pressure ports were measured by differential pressure transducers to obtain the pressure losses precisely. The pressure distribution of turbulent gas flow through a micro-channel falls steeply and Mach number increases near the outlet with increasing the inlet pressure due to flow acceleration. Both Darcy friction factor and Fanning friction factor were obtained for turbulent flow. The result shows that the obtained both friction factors were evaluated as a function of Reynolds number on the Moody chart. The values of Darcy friction factors differ from Blasius correlation for turbulent flow regime due to the compressibility effects, however the values of Fanning friction factors coincide with Blasius correlation.
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Reports on the topic "Through a Glass Darkly"

1

Daehnick, Christian C. Through a Glass, Darkly: Innovation and Transformation in the Twenty-First Century Air Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407684.

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Spela Goricki, Spela Goricki. Through a glass darkly: assessing population size of an endangered cave salamander from samples of spring and cave water. Experiment, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/8166.

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Angrist, Joshua, and Jörn-Steffen Pischke. Undergraduate Econometrics Instruction: Through Our Classes, Darkly. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23144.

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Shin, Eonyou, and Chanmi G. Hwang. Through a Stained Glass Window. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-998.

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Grimsley, William F. Taking the Army Through the Looking Glass. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394017.

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Zack, Maria. Computing the Determinant Through the Looking Glass. Washington, DC: The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci003992.

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Halvorson, T., and J. E. Jr Shelby. Controlled permeation of hydrogen through glass. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674639.

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DOMOKOS, Gábor, András Árpád SIPOS, and Tímea SZABÓ. Rocking Stones – Equilibrium Points through the Magnifying Glass. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0036.

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Eckert, Regina, Marian Ruderman, Bill Gentry, and Sarah Stawiski. Through the looking glass: How relationships shape managerial careers. Center for Creative Leadership, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2013.1022.

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