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Journal articles on the topic 'Thrombophlebitis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Mouton, Kienle, Muggli, Naef, and Wagner. "Tumors associated with superficial thrombophlebitis." Vasa 38, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.38.2.167.

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Background: To assess the incidence of malignant tumors in patients with thrombophlebits of the leg with regard to potential early tumor detection. Patients and Methods: 140 consecutive patients were enrolled over a period of over 9 years in a retrospective follow-up study based on the electronic patient record. Results: There were 18 patients (12.9%) suffering from thrombophlebitis in association with a malignant tumor: breast cancer in seven patients, colon carcinoma and haematologic cancer in four, skin cancer in three patients and one case each of oesophageal, prostatic, kidney and neck cancer . In two patients thrombophlebitis preceded the diagnosis of the malignancy. Superficial thrombophlebitis may have been associated in four cases (2.9%) with a benign tumor. Conclusions: Breast, colonic, haematological and skin cancer were mainly associated with superficial thrombophlebitis in our patients. In case of a thrombophlebitis without a known malignancy a thorough clinical examination with special regard to skin, breast and abdomen is mandatory.

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2

Singh, Atul Kumar, Rajeev Dwivedi, and A. P. S. Ghaharwar. "Risk factors of thrombophlebitis at infusion sites in patients admitted in surgical ward: a prospective observational study." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 5 (April 21, 2018): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181570.

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Background: Peripheral venous canualation is indispensable in admitted patients in surgical ward, thrombophlebitis following infusion is seldom serious, but it effects on postoperative recovery, hospital stay and hence burden of disease are magnanimous. The main aim and objective of the study to find out the incidence of thrombophlebitis at the intravenous infusion site in surgical ward.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 300 patients admitted in surgical ward of S.S Medical College and associated S.G.M. hospital, Rewa (M.P.) patients selected randomly. These Patients were visited daily for any sign and symptoms at infusion site. The incidence of thrombophlebitis according to age, sex and duration of infusion were recorded. The tool designed to collect the data were socio demographic performa and observational check list.Results: In total 300 patients the incidence of thrombophlebits is highest in age group of 41-50(20%), Male (64.66%) and incidence increases as the duration of infusion increased it is 100% after 5 days. The incidence of Grade -1 thrmbophlebitis (71.33%) is higher as compared to Grade- 2 (22.67%).Conclusions: Thrombophelebitis is still an important ongoing problem in admitted patients in surgical ward. Incidence of grade-I thrombophlebitis is higher. It is more in male in the age group of 40-50 and duration of infusion is main causative factor for development of thrombophlebitis.

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3

Dwivedi, Rajeev, Atul Kumar Singh, and A. P. S. Gaharwar. "Thrombophlebitis at infusion sites in surgical ward: a clinical study." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181838.

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Background: Peripheral venous Cannulation is indispensable in admitted patients in surgical ward, thrombophlebitis following infusion is seldom serious, but it effects on postoperative recovery, hospital stay and hence burden of disease are magnanimous. The objective of the study to know the common sites of thrombophlebitis, Frequency of thrombophlebitis in relations to type of fluid and drugs used, and to find out the incidence of thrombophlebitis in relation to diseased condition and type of surgical patient.Methods: this prospective observational study was conducted on 300 patients admitted in surgical ward of S.S Medical College and associated S.G.M. hospital, Rewa (M.P.) patients selected randomly. These Patients were visited daily for any sign and symptoms at infusion site. The incidence of thrombophlebitis according to common infusion sites, in relations to type of fluid and drugs used and in relation to diseased condition and type of surgical patients were recorded. The tool designed to collect the data were sociodemographic Performa and observational check list.Results: In total 300 patients the incidence of thrombophlebits is highest (100%) in Saphenous vein (Lower Limb) minimum (17%) in Basilicvein (Upper Limb). Incidence of thrombophlebitis is higher in earlier days (within 2 days) of infusion with Dextrose containing fluid (D5%+ D10%) and higher in critically ill and emergency operated patients.Conclusions: Thrombophelebitis is still an important ongoing problem in admitted patients in surgical ward. Incidence is highest in saphenous vein, with dextrose containing fluid and in critically ill & emergency operated patients. It has definite relationship with site of infusion site, type of fluid, illness of patients and nature of operation

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4

Kosch, H. Kritzler. "Thrombophlebitis." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 20, no. 05 (April 2, 2007): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937729.

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5

MILTON, WALTER J., and FREDERICK L. DATZ. "Thrombophlebitis." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1986): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198601000-00009.

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6

Torpy, Janet M. "Thrombophlebitis." JAMA 300, no. 14 (October 8, 2008): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.14.1718.

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7

Torpy, Janet M. "Thrombophlebitis." JAMA 305, no. 13 (April 6, 2011): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.305.13.1372.

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8

Torpy, Janet M. "Thrombophlebitis." JAMA 294, no. 6 (August 10, 2005): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.6.762.

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9

Torpy, Janet M., Alison E. Burke, and Richard M. Glass. "Thrombophlebitis." JAMA 296, no. 4 (July 26, 2006): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.4.468.

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10

Deka, Julismita, and Anurupa Dutta. "A study to assess the effect of hot fomentation on thrombophlebitis among patients undergoing intravenous therapy admitted in the selected hospitals of Guwahati, Assam." IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science 5, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpns.2022.010.

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Thrombophlebitis is contemplated as an adverse event resulting from iv therapy. Thrombophlebitis can occur due to mechanical, chemical and infective causes which lead to pain, inflammation, infiltration, injuring a nerve as well as extravasation, ecchymosis, hematoma, thrombosis and embolism are also common. To assess the effect of hot fomentation on thrombophlebitis among patients undergoing intravenous therapy.: For this study quantitative research approach was adapted and using true experimental pre-test - post-test control group design the study was conducted. Total sample 60 (30 for experimental and 30 samples for control group) were selected by simple random sampling technique was used and among patients with thrombophlebitis getting IV therapy in Medical Ward at GMCH, Assam. Modified visual infusion phlebitis scale was used to assess pre-test level of thrombophlebitis and post-test level of thrombophlebitis. Intervention was given over the site of thrombophlebitis and evaluated on the 4 day. : Findings showed that in experimental group mean pre-test thrombophlebitis score was 11.07±3.062 and in post-test mean thrombophlebitis score was 6.47±1.871 with mean difference was 4.60. In control group mean post-test thrombophlebitis score was 10.70±2.693 and in experimental group mean post-test thrombophlebitis score was 6.47±1.871 with mean difference was 4.23. The comparison was tested using unpaired t test with obtained (t=7.072) was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. Result revealed that hot fomentation was effective on level of thrombophlebitis among patients received intravenous therapy in experimental group as compared to control group. Hot fomentation is effective to reduce thrombophlebitis caused due to intravenous therapy.

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11

He, Chenghong, Yujing Shi, Xu Jia, Xihui Wu, Qian Xing, Liang Liang, Mengyang Ju, et al. "Effect of indwelling depth of peripheral intravenous catheters on thrombophlebitis." Medicine 102, no. 29 (July 21, 2023): e34427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034427.

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To clarify the effect of catheter indwelling depth on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis, a total of 339 hospitalized patients were randomly enrolled and divided by the catheter indwelling depth into 2 groups. Then the effect of indwelling depth on thrombophlebitis was analyzed, and the independent influence factors on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis were clarified. There were 49 cases of thrombophlebitis, including 8 tumor-bearing patients and 41 patients with lung infection. Thirteen of the 135 patients with indwelling depth of 1 cm, and 36 of the 204 patients with indwelling depth of 1.9 cm suffered thrombophlebitis. The relationship between incidence rate of thrombophlebitis and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. It was found the incidence of thrombophlebitis was significantly correlated with males (X2 = 5.77), lung infection (X2 = 7.79), and indwelling depth of 1.9 cm (X2 = 4.223). Multifactor analysis of variance showed the significant independent risk factors of thrombophlebitis were male [hazard ratio (HR) 3.12 (1.39–6.98)], and lung infection (HR 0.22 [0.06–0.69]), and the indwelling depth of 1.9 cm affected the occurrence of thrombophlebitis (HR 0.79 [0.42 –3.09]) but was not an independent risk factor. In our treatment center, while appropriate fixation was ensured, the catheter indwelling depth shall be as short as possible, so as to reduce the occurrence of thrombophlebitis. For patients with lung infection, nursing at the intubation site shall be strengthened, so as to decrease thrombophlebitis.

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12

Lucia, Michael A., and E. Wesley Ely. "Superficial Thrombophlebitis." New England Journal of Medicine 344, no. 16 (April 19, 2001): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200104193441605.

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13

LEWIS, G. B. H., and J. F. HECKER. "INFUSION THROMBOPHLEBITIS." British Journal of Anaesthesia 57, no. 2 (February 1985): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/57.2.220.

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14

GEMMELL, L. W., D. R. DONALDSON, and C. J. SMITH. "INFUSION THROMBOPHLEBITIS." British Journal of Anaesthesia 58, no. 4 (April 1986): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/58.4.467.

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15

LEWIS, G. B. H., and J. F. HECKER. "INFUSION THROMBOPHLEBITIS." British Journal of Anaesthesia 58, no. 4 (April 1986): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/58.4.467-a.

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16

BERKOWITZ, FRANK E., ANDREW C. ARGENT, and TARYN BAISE. "Suppurative thrombophlebitis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198701000-00016.

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17

Kar, Subrata, and Richard Webel. "Septic Thrombophlebitis." American Journal of Therapeutics 21, no. 2 (2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0b013e31822de6e3.

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18

Luis Rodríguez-Peralto, José, Rosario Carrillo, Belén Rosales, and Yolanda Rodríguez-Gil. "Superficial Thrombophlebitis." Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 26, no. 2 (June 2007): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.002.

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19

Noppeney, Thomas, J. Noppeney, M. Winkler, and I. Kurth. "Oberflächliche Thrombophlebitis?" MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 148, no. 48 (November 2006): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03364865.

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20

Chirinos, Julio A., Javier Garcia, Maria L. Alcaide, Geraldine Toledo, Gio J. Baracco, and Daniel M. Lichtstein. "Septic Thrombophlebitis." American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 6, no. 1 (2006): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00129784-200606010-00002.

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21

Neopane, A. "Peripheral venous thrombophlebitis risk and the role of hand washing." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7647.

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Background: Thrombophlebitis is an important complication of peripheral vein cannulation. Various factors are known to increase the risk of thrombophlebitis and have been studied by different authors. Regarding factors leading to risk reduction of thrombophlebitis aseptic measures taken during insertion has been an important factor. However handwashing and its role in reducing the incidence of thrombophlebitis have not been studied. The objective of this study was to find the risk reducing role of hand washing in incidence of thrombophlebitis. Methods: A prospective observational hospital based study was designed and conducted among patients admitted for intravenous medication or infusion and needed cannulation. They were followed and evaluated for various risk factors and onset of thrombophlebitis. Results expressed as relative risk and odds ratio. Results: Hand washing is the single most important risk reducing factor for development of peripheral vein thrombophlebitis in patients in whom peripheral vein cannulation is done. The odds ratio of developing thrombophlebitis in hand washing group was only 0.25 (95% CI .07-.82) and RR was 0.78 (95% CI.64-.94) with p=.017. Conclusion: Six step hand washing was the single most useful factor for reducing the risk of thrombophlebitis. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 26-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7647

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22

Filip, S. S., V. V. Rusyn, and І. І. Hadzheha. "Tactics of treatment of the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 87, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2020.9-10.44.

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Objective. To substantiate the indications for surgical treatment of the inflow thrombophlebitis, depending on state of venous hemodynamics in the large subcutaneous vein basin. Materials and methods. Analysis of the examination and treatment results was conducted in 23 patients, suffering the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis in the large subcutaneous vein basin. Results. Localization, length, borders, level of proximal and distal edges of thrombotic occlusion, and the thrombotic masses character were estimated in a case of the inflow thrombophlebitis diagnosis. Establishment of an acute inflow varico-thrombophlebitis diagnosis have had served the indication for performance of an urgent operation. At the same time, taking into account of the ultrasonographic investigation results obtained, it became possible to elaborate a differentiated tactics for the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis in the large subcutaneous vein basin present. Conclusion. Following an active surgical tactics for the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis have permitted to prevent effectively the spread of thrombtotic process on the large subcutaneous vein trunk and insufficient perforant veins, as well as to prevent the development of thrombosis in deep veins and venous thromboembolism morbidity. At the same time the operation volume reduction due to the inflow thrombophlebitis presence in the patient gave a chance to preserve the intact subcutaneous vein for possible further reconstructive interventions and to prevent the chronic venous insufficiency development as well.

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23

Mohamed Said, Rasha. "Superficial vein Thrombophlebitis." Egyptian Journal of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhbmt.2016.19701.

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24

Murphy, Terrence P., and William Boydston. "Lateral Sinus Thrombophlebitis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 6 (December 1997): S134—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989770081-0.

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25

Klüken, N. "Zur oberflächlichen Thrombophlebitis." Hämostaseologie 06, no. 05 (September 1986): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655157.

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26

DiNubile, M. J., W. Henry Boom, and F. S. Southwick. "Septic Cortical Thrombophlebitis." Journal of Infectious Diseases 161, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/161.6.1216.

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27

MURPHY, T., and W. BOYDSTON. "Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 6 (December 1997): S134—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70081-0.

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28

Showkathali, R., M. J. Earley, and S. Sporton. "Amiodarone induced thrombophlebitis." Emergency Medicine Journal 23, no. 8 (July 20, 2006): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2005.033860.

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29

McCUSKEY, WILLIAM H., and KATHLEEN L. McDONALD. "Gallium-positive Thrombophlebitis." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 17, no. 3 (March 1992): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199203000-00019.

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30

Winkler, M., and W. Rath. "Puerperal ovarianvein thrombophlebitis." Der Gynäkologe 32, no. 7 (July 1999): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00003266.

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31

Pillny, M., K. Kröger, and S. Pourhassan. "Behandlung der Thrombophlebitis." Gefässchirurgie 15, no. 3 (March 28, 2010): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00772-010-0794-x.

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32

Zabel, M. "Histomorphologische Befunde der Thrombophlebitiden der Haut." Hämostaseologie 06, no. 05 (September 1986): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655163.

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ZusammenfassungEs werden die histomorphologischen Veränderungen bei den superfiziellen Thrombophlebitiden beschrieben. Feingeweblich ist die oberflächliche und tiefe Thrombophlebitis nicht zu unterscheiden. Die verschiedenen Stadien der Thrombusbildung und der Organisation eines Thrombus werden aus histomorphologischer Sicht ausführlich geschildert. Außer der Thrombophlebitis superficialis und der Varikophlebitis werden die feingeweblichen Veränderungen der Thrombophlebitis saltans und strangförmigen, oberflächlichen Phlebitis (Phlébite en fil de fer) besprochen. Die Thrombophlebitis saltans betrifft die kleinen oder mittelgroßen Venen der Subkutis. Histologisch ist sie durch eine unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte entzündliche Reaktion und eine Thrombenbildung gekennzeichnet. Neben neutrophilen, später auch lymphozytären und histiozytären Entzündungszellen sind gelegentlich intravasale und intramurale tuberkelähnliche Granulome mit Riesenzellen vorhanden. Bei der strangförmigen oberflächlichen Phlebitis mit der Sonderform »Mondorsche Krankheit« liegt eine sklerosierende und obliterierende Endound Periphlebitis vor.

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33

Lobo, Diana, Jeevitha Mathaias, Gritty V. George, and Hanna Brijith Mathew. "Effectiveness of Proximal Massage versus Palm Fisting Exercise on Reducing the Risk of Thrombophlebitis among IV Cannulated Patients Receiving Chemotherapy." Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 35, no. 22 (October 30, 2023): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i225270.

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Background: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are frequently used for vascular access cannulation, which is thought to be the most frequent invasive treatment carried out on hospitalized patients. Thrombophlebitis is considered a side effect of chemotherapy due to the drug's chemical actions on the vein wall which lead to pain, inflammation, hematoma, thrombosis and embolism . Therefore, in order to find ways to reduce this complication, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of proximal massage versus palm fisting exercise on reducing the risk of thrombophlebitis among IV cannulated patients receiving chemotherapy in selected hospital in Mangalore Methods: Seventy-five chemotherapy patients were selected according to inclusion criteria and assigned randomly to group I (n=25) and group II (n= 25) and group III (n= 25) using coin flip method . The researcher provided massage on the proximal area for group I and group II patients performed palm fisting exercise under the supervision of researcher by squeezing the soft ball where as group III received only routine care. The level of thrombophlebitis was assessed in Group I, Group II and Group III using VIP scale after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours of cannulation. Results: The study findings revealed that on day 3 in the Group I, most (88%) of the samples were with Grade 0 level of thrombophlebitis. While in the, Group II 32% of the samples had Grade 0 level of thrombophlebitis where as in Group III only 16% of the samples had Grade 0 level of thrombophlebitis. Differences in thrombophlebitis scores were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Proximal massage and palm fisting exercises are cost-effective, safe, complementary, non - pharmacological intervention which can be performed by nursing personnel.

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34

R. Regi Bai. "Effectiveness of Proximal Massage and Palm Fisting in Reducing the Risk of Thrombophlebitis among Intravenous Cannulated Inpatients." Indian Journal of Nursing Sciences 07, no. 01 (2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31690/ijns.2022.v07i01.004.

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Background: Thrombophlebitis is the formation of a thrombus in association with an inflammation of vein with blood clot formation inside the vein. Thrombophlebitis is a common complications associated with this affecting between 27% and 70% of all clients receiving intravenous (IV) therapy. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of proximal massage and palm fisting in reducing the risk of thrombophlebitis among IV cannulated inpatients. Methodology: A quantitative research approach with true experimental research design was used. Samples were collected by random sampling technique with lottery technique. The data were collected by visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) scale. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The mean VIP score in the study group is 1.21 ± 0.73, whereas in the control group, the mean VIP score is 2.09 ± 1.23 which shows that the proximal massage and palm fisting reduce the risk of thrombophlebitis. The Chi-square value revealed that the demographic variables of the study group such as age (χ² = 5.68), education (χ² = 4.94), occupation (χ² = 4.67), income (χ² = 21.67), comorbidity (χ² = 4.64), alcohol intake (χ² = 4.42), and smoking history (χ² = 4.42) are highly associated with proximal massage and palm fisting in reducing the risk of thrombophlebitis. The obtained t-test value is −1.648 which is significant at 0.05 level. Conclusion: This study concludes that proximal massage and palm fisting are effective in preventing the risk of thrombophlebitis among IV cannulated inpatients.

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35

S, Yacoubi Khebiza,, Melhouf, M. Y. A,, Fdili, A. F. Z, Jayi, S, and Chaara, H. "Cerebral Vein Thrombosis during Pregnancy and At the Puerperal Period: Radio-Clinical and Therapeutic Study." Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 08 (August 28, 2023): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2023.v06i08.003.

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Cerebral thrombophlebitis gravidopuerperale is a rare but serious pathology that can engage the maternal-fetal prognosis. It requires early diagnosis and treatment fast. Indeed, much rarer than arterial thromboses, thrombophlebitis are a significant cause of death and stroke. They can occur during pregnancy but most often they occur within a few days to a few months following postpartum. The frequency of peripartum cerebral thrombophlebitis is on average 1/3000 to 1/10000 births, but recently the number of cases recognized seems higher partly because of the more widespread knowledge of the variability of different forms of clinical presentations of cerebral venous thrombosis allowing a diagnosis, and on the other hand the wider use of imaging means more and more effective, in particular MRI. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary gravido -puerperal cerebral thrombophlebitis.

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36

Glackin, Paula, and Lars G. Crabo. "A Case of Postpartum Thrombophlebitis of a Retroperitoneal Varix Mimicking Acute Appendicitis." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 35, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479319848744.

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A case of thrombophlebitis of a retroperitoneal varix in a postpartum patient with right lower quadrant pain is presented. The sonographic examination was falsely positive for appendicitis, but the correct diagnosis was made with a subsequent computed tomogram. The thrombosed varix was likely a collateral of the right ovarian vein, analogous to postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis (POVT), an uncommon potentially fatal disorder. POVT is reviewed, emphasizing features useful for distinguishing it from appendicitis at sonography. Sonographers should be aware of the possibility of thrombophlebitis when examining postpartum patients with right lower quadrant pain.

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37

Gaukroger, P. B., J. G. Roberts, and T. A. Manners. "Infusion Thrombophlebitis: A Prospective Comparison of 645 Vialon® and Teflon® Cannulae in Anaesthetic and Postoperative Use." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 16, no. 3 (August 1988): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8801600305.

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A prospective study of the incidence and severity of infusion thrombophlebitis in peripheral intravenous infusions used for anaesthetic and postoperative purposes in 645 patients was conducted over a four-month period. Conditions of insertion were carefully controlled while ward management was according to standard practice. A total of 330 polyurethane Vialon® and 315 FEP-A Teflon® cannulae were used. The results show that the nature of the cannula was the single most important factor in the incidence and severity of infusion thrombophlebitis, Vialon® cannulae being associated with a 46% lower incidence than the Teflon® type. Less important but significant factors included intravenous antibiotics, duration of infusion, cannula tip damage and caesarean section. Factors not associated with infusion thrombophlebitis included potassium therapy, blood transfusion or site of insertion in the upper limb. Heparinisation increased duration of infusion without affecting the incidence of infusion thrombophlebitis.

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38

Dua, Anahita, Sapan S. Desai, Naveen Kumar, and Jennifer Heller. "Epidemiology and treatment strategies of iliac vein thrombophlebitis." Vascular 23, no. 6 (January 9, 2015): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538114565693.

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Introduction This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of iliac vein thrombophlebitis and describe gender differences associated with the management of this pathology. Methods The 2010 National Inpatient Sample was retrospectively reviewed to include all inpatients with ICD-9 codes identifying iliac vein thrombophlebitis (451.81). Demographics, disposition, anticoagulation, thrombolytics, stent placement, open operative intervention, complications (deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism), and mortality rates were reported. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Student’s t-testing with P < 0.05 deemed significant. Results The incidence of iliac vein thrombophlebitis was 1/1,000,000 people. Men had an average age of 48 ± 20 years and women were significantly older at 59 ± 18 years (P = 0.02). There were no differences in treatment strategies or rates of complications between men and women including pulmonary embolism (23% for males, 16% of females) and deep vein thrombosis (29% for males and 19% for females). Length of stay between groups was not significant (11 ± 20 days for males and 7.7 ± 6 days for females). Overall mortality was 1.5%. Conclusion Iliac vein thrombophlebitis is a rare disease. Females who develop iliac vein thrombophlebitis are significantly older than their male counterparts. The rates of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and interventional strategies are not different between the sexes.

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Kennebrew, Garry J., Benjamin Daggett, and Reis B. Ritz. "Traumatic Penile Pain: A Case of Dorsal Vein Thrombophlebitis after Intercourse." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4205628.

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Dorsal Vein thrombosis, also known as Mondor’s disease of the penis, is a superficial thrombophlebitis first described in the literature by Falco in 1955. Mondor’s disease refers to a superficial thrombophlebitis of any locale. Diagnosis can be made clinically with palpation of a mobile, cord-like thickening on dorsum of penis without associated evidence of inflammation, infection, or dermatologic changes. Bedside ultrasonography with color Doppler can aid in the diagnosis of penile thrombophlebitis by revealing a noncompressible superficial vessel with normal surrounding flow. The following case presentation details the etiology, diagnosis, and management of a particularly rare disease process.

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Lee, Jason T., and Maziyar A. Kalani. "Treating Superficial Venous Thrombophlebitis." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 6, no. 8 (September 2008): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2008.0057.

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Superficial venous thrombophlebitis (SVT) is characterized as a localized inflammatory condition of the venous vessels underlying the skin. It arises from thrombosis of a superficial vein, and clinical presentation usually involves pain, erythema, and tenderness at the sites of inflammation. Although the condition is usually self-limited and not serious or fatal, symptomatic superficial thrombophlebitis can be debilitating, limit movement and certain capabilities, or progress to involve the deep venous system and cause pulmonary embolism. SVT is typically associated with venous valvular insufficiency, pregnancy, infection, and prothrombotic conditions, including malignancy. Currently, medical therapies comprising bedrest, elastic stockings, compression bandages, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and low molecular weight heparins are used to reduce the extension of inflammation and recurrence of thrombotic events in patients experiencing SVT. In patients refractory to conservative measures, surgical interventions such as phlebectomy, sclerotherapy, saphenous junction ligation, or saphenous vein stripping are potential treatments.

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Sándor, Tamás. "Treatment of surface thrombophlebitis." Orvosi Hetilap 150, no. 51 (December 1, 2009): 2319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28770.

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NOLAN, THOMAS R. "Prevention of Postoperative Thrombophlebitis." Southern Medical Journal 81, no. 7 (July 1988): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198807000-00036.

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MOLTKE, OTTO. "Tonsillogenous Thrombophlebitis with Septicaemia." Acta Medica Scandinavica 79, no. 5-6 (April 24, 2009): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1933.tb09378.x.

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Manstein, Carl H. "Superficial thrombophlebitis in children." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 104, no. 7 (December 1999): 2346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199912000-00104.

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HESSOV, IB. "Prevention of Infusion Thrombophlebitis." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 29 (December 1985): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02339.x.

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DUNNIHOO, DALE R., JOHN W. GALLASPY, RODNEY B. WlSE, and WARREN N. OTTERSON. "Postpartum Ovarian Vein Thrombophlebitis." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 46, no. 7 (July 1991): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199107000-00002.

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Ask-Upmark, Erik. "Progestin, Thrombophlebitis and Migraine." Acta Medica Scandinavica 181, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb07994.x.

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Binder, M., and W. Raake. "Behandlung der oberflächlichen Thrombophlebitis." Hämostaseologie 22, no. 04 (2002): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619557.

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ZusammenfassungDie oberflächliche Thrombophlebitis ist eine häufige Erkrankung, von der Frauen aufgrund ihrer Risikofaktoren stärker betroffen sind als Männer. Diagnostisch sollte eine eventuell gleichzeitig vorkommende tiefe Venenthrombose mit bildgebenden Verfahren abgegrenzt werden. In der Therapie sind Heparin bzw. niedermolekulare Heparine indiziert, wenn tiefe Venenthrombosen vorliegen bzw. ein Risiko hierfür besteht. Im akuten Stadium können nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika oral genommen werden, um Schmerz und Entzündung zu lindern. Liegt gleichzeitig eine chronisch venöse Insuffizienz vor, unterstützen so genannte Ödemprotektiva (z.B. Rosskastaniensamenextrakt und flavonoidhaltige Präparate) die Behandlung.Bei entzündlichen Veränderungen relativ kurzer oberflächlicher Venenabschnitte ohne Beteiligung des tiefen Venensystems ist die Beschränkung auf lokale Behandlungsmaßnahmen möglich. Neben der Kompressionstherapie sind mehrmalige tägliche Anwendungen heparin- und heparinoidhaltiger Salben bzw. Gele üblich.Bewährt hat sich insbesondere die Anwendung von topischen Präparaten, die Mukopolysaccharidpolyschwefelsäureester (MPS) enthalten.Die Problematik, die Wirksamkeit topischer Präparate bei der Behandlung der oberflächlichen Thrombophlebitis unter den gegenwärtig strengen Kautelen unserer Aufsichtsbehörde nachzuweisen und neue Produkte zu entwickeln, wird diskutiert.

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Grange, L., M. J. Nissen, K. Garambois, A. Dumolard, C. Duc, P. Gaudin, and R. Juvin. "Infliximab-induced cerebral thrombophlebitis." Rheumatology 44, no. 2 (January 5, 2005): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh451.

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Isenberg, Steven F. "Internal Jugular Vein Thrombophlebitis." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 77, no. 3 (March 1998): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139807700310.

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