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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Three-valued logic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Three-valued logic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Kooi, Barteld, and Allard Tamminga. "Three-valued Logics in Modal Logic." Studia Logica 101, no. 5 (August 21, 2012): 1061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-012-9420-0.

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Oliveira, Kleidson Êglicio Carvalho da Silva. "Paraconsistent Logic Programming in Three and Four-Valued Logics." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 28, no. 2 (June 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2021.34.

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AbstractFrom the interaction among areas such as Computer Science, Formal Logic, and Automated Deduction arises an important new subject called Logic Programming. This has been used continuously in the theoretical study and practical applications in various fields of Artificial Intelligence. After the emergence of a wide variety of non-classical logics and the understanding of the limitations presented by first-order classical logic, it became necessary to consider logic programming based on other types of reasoning in addition to classical reasoning. A type of reasoning that has been well studied is the paraconsistent, that is, the reasoning that tolerates contradictions. However, although there are many paraconsistent logics with different types of semantics, their application to logic programming is more delicate than it first appears, requiring an in-depth study of what can or cannot be transferred directly from classical first-order logic to other types of logic.Based on studies of Tarcisio Rodrigues on the foundations of Paraconsistent Logic Programming (2010) for some Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs), this thesis intends to resume the research of Rodrigues and place it in the specific context of LFIs with three- and four-valued semantics. This kind of logics are interesting from the computational point of view, as presented by Luiz Silvestrini in his Ph.D. thesis entitled “A new approach to the concept of quase-truth” (2011), and by Marcelo Coniglio and Martín Figallo in the article “Hilbert-style presentations of two logics associated to tetravalent modal algebras” [Studia Logica (2012)]. Based on original techniques, this study aims to define well-founded systems of paraconsistent logic programming based on well-known logics, in contrast to the ad hoc approaches to this question found in the literature.Abstract prepared by Kleidson Êglicio Carvalho da Silva Oliveira.E-mail: kecso10@yahoo.com.brURL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322632

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Томова, Н. Е. "Natural three-valued logics and classical logic." Logical Investigations 19 (April 9, 2013): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2013-19-0-344-352.

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In this paper implicative fragments of natural three- valued logic are investigated. It is proved that some fragments are equivalent by set of tautologies to implicative fragment of classical logic. It is also shown that some natural three-valued logics verify all tautologies of classical propositional logic.

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Vauzeilles, J., and A. Strauss. "Intuitionistic three-valued logic and logic programming." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 25, no. 6 (1991): 557–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/1991250605571.

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Giuntini, Roberto. "Three-valued Brouwer-zadeh logic." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 32, no. 10 (October 1993): 1875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00979508.

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Delahaye, J. P., and V. Thibau. "Programming in three-valued logic." Theoretical Computer Science 78, no. 1 (January 1991): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(51)90008-4.

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Тамминга, А. "Correspondence analysis for strong three-valued logic." Logical Investigations 20 (May 8, 2014): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2014-20-0-253-266.

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I apply Kooi and Tamminga’s (2012) idea of correspondence analysis for many-valued logics to strong three-valued logic (K3). First, I characterize each possible single entry in the truth-table of a unary or a binary truth-functional operator that could be added to K3 by a basic inference scheme. Second, I define a class of natural deduction systems on the basis of these charac- terizing basic inference schemes and a natural deduction system for K3. Third, I show that each of the resulting natural deduction systems is sound and complete with respect to its particular semantics. Among other things, I thus obtain a new proof system for _ukasiewicz’s three-valued logic.

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Morikawa, Osamu. "Some modal logics based on a three-valued logic." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 30, no. 1 (December 1988): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093635000.

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SEGERBERG, KRISTER. "Some Modal Logics based on a Three-valued Logic." Theoria 33, no. 1 (February 11, 2008): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1967.tb00610.x.

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Takagi, Tsubasa. "Translation from Three-Valued Quantum Logic to Modal Logic." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 60, no. 1 (January 2021): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04701-z.

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AbstractWe translate the three-valued quantum logic into modal logic, and prove 3-equivalence between the valuation of the three-valued logic and a kind of Kripke model in regard to this translation. To prove 3-equivalence, we introduce an observable-dependent logic, which is a fragment of the many-valued quantum logic. Compared to the Birkhoff and von Neumann’s quantum logic, some notions about observables, the completeness relation for example, in quantum mechanics can be utilized if the observable-dependent logic is employed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Jervis, Clive Andrew. "A theory of program correctness with three valued logic." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277297.

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Dietz, Saldanha Emmanuelle-Anna. "From Logic Programming to Human Reasoning:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227412.

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Results of psychological experiments have shown that humans make assumptions, which are not necessarily valid, that they are influenced by their background knowledge and that they reason non-monotonically. These observations show that classical logic does not seem to be adequate for modeling human reasoning. Instead of assuming that humans do not reason logically at all, we take the view that humans do not reason classical logically. Our goal is to model episodes of human reasoning and for this purpose we investigate the so-called Weak Completion Semantics. The Weak Completion Semantics is a Logic Programming approach and considers the least model of the weak completion of logic programs under the three-valued Łukasiewicz logic. As the Weak Completion Semantics is relatively new and has not yet been extensively investigated, we first motivate why this approach is interesting for modeling human reasoning. After that, we show the formal correspondence to the already established Stable Model Semantics and Well-founded Semantics. Next, we present an extension with an additional context operator, that allows us to express negation as failure. Finally, we propose a contextual abductive reasoning approach, in which the context of observations is relevant. Some properties do not hold anymore under this extension. Besides discussing the well-known psychological experiments Byrne’s suppression task and Wason’s selection task, we investigate an experiment in spatial reasoning, an experiment in syllogistic reasoning and an experiment that examines the belief-bias effect. We show that the results of these experiments can be adequately modeled under the Weak Completion Semantics. A result which stands out here, is the outcome of modeling the syllogistic reasoning experiment, as we have a higher prediction match with the participants’ answers than any of twelve current cognitive theories. We present an abstract evaluation system for conditionals and discuss well-known examples from the literature. We show that in this system, conditionals can be evaluated in various ways and we put up the hypothesis that humans use a particular evaluation strategy, namely that they prefer abduction to revision. We also discuss how relevance plays a role in the evaluation process of conditionals. For this purpose we propose a semantic definition of relevance and justify why this is preferable to a exclusively syntactic definition. Finally, we show that our system is more general than another system, which has recently been presented in the literature. Altogether, this thesis shows one possible path on bridging the gap between Cognitive Science and Computational Logic. We investigated findings from psychological experiments and modeled their results within one formal approach, the Weak Completion Semantics. Furthermore, we proposed a general evaluation system for conditionals, for which we suggest a specific evaluation strategy. Yet, the outcome cannot be seen as the ultimate solution but delivers a starting point for new open questions in both areas.

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MOLTENI, MARIA CHIARA. "ON THE SECURITY OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC CIRCUITS:PROTECTION AGAINST PROBING ATTACKS AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF GARBLED CIRCUITS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/920426.

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Dealing with secure computation and communication in hardware devices, an attacker that threatens to security of the systems can be of two different types. The first type of attacker is external to the exchange of secret messages and tries to steal some sensitive information. Probing a circuit is a useful technique through which an attacker can derive information correlated with the secret manipulated by a cryptographic circuit. Probing security is the branch of research that tries to devise models, tools and countermeasures against this type of attacks. We define a new methodology that allows to determine if a gadget (i.e., a portion of a circuit) is secure against probing attacks. Moreover, we reason about composability of gadgets, in such a way that also this composition is probing secure. The reasoning is extended also to the case in which glitches are considered, namely when the attacks are mounted when timing hazards are present. The proposed methodology is based on the construction of the Walsh matrix of a Boolean function that describes the operations of the circuit. This method allows reaching an exact solution, but generally needs a lot of computation’s time (mainly for big gadgets). To overcome the problem, we propose to compute the Walsh matrix exploiting the theory and applications of Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs). Different is the case when the malicious part is internal: each party is interested in protecting its own sensitive information from all the others. When the parties are only two, from literature the garbled circuit protocol is a solution that allows to reach a result implying some secrets, without sharing them. The cost of this protocol depends on the number of extit{and} gates in the circuit that implements the Boolean function describing the protocol computations. In this context, we work to reduce the number of multiplications in two classes of particular Boolean functions, called autosymmetric and D-reducible. Moreover, in the context of the garbled circuit protocol, we discuss some innovative solutions to further reduce the protocol's costs, as the application of the 3-valued logic. This logic is an extension of the Boolean one, resulting from the addition of a new element to the set Boolean set ${0,1}$.

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Loginov, Alexey A. "Refinement-based program verification via three-valued-logic analysis." 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Books on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Li, Wei, and Yuefei Sui. R-Calculus, III: Post Three-Valued Logic. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4270-9.

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Li, Wei, and Yuefei Sui. R-Calculus, III: Post Three-Valued Logic. Springer, 2022.

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Button, Tim, and Sean Walsh. Boolean-valued structures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790396.003.0013.

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Chapters 6-12 are driven by questions about the ability to pin down mathematical entities and to articulate mathematical concepts. This chapter is driven by similar questions about the ability to pin down the semantic frameworks of language. It transpires that there are not just non-standard models, but non-standard ways of doing model theory itself. In more detail: whilst we normally outline a two-valued semantics which makes sentences True or False in a model, the inference rules for first-order logic are compatible with a four-valued semantics; or a semantics with countably many values; or what-have-you. The appropriate level of generality here is that of a Boolean-valued model, which we introduce. And the plurality of possible semantic values gives rise to perhaps the ‘deepest’ level of indeterminacy questions: How can humans pin down the semantic framework for their languages? We consider three different ways for inferentialists to respond to this question.

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Three Term Logic: Beyond the Limits of True and False. BookSurge Publishing, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Li, Wei, and Yuefei Sui. "Post Three-Valued Logic." In Perspectives in Formal Induction, Revision and Evolution, 65–102. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4270-9_4.

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Li, Wei, and Yuefei Sui. "Post Three-Valued Description Logic." In Perspectives in Formal Induction, Revision and Evolution, 141–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4270-9_6.

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Hölldobler, Steffen, and Carroline Dewi Puspa Kencana Ramli. "Logic Programs under Three-Valued Łukasiewicz Semantics." In Logic Programming, 464–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02846-5_37.

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Wang, Wen-Fang. "Three-Valued Plurivaluationism of Vague Predicates." In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, 379–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48561-3_31.

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Schmitt, P. H. "Computational aspects of three-valued logic." In 8th International Conference on Automated Deduction, 190–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16780-3_90.

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Schmitt, P. H. "Deductive aspects of three-valued logic." In Text Understanding in LILOG, 394–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54594-8_71.

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Teusink, Frank. "Three-valued completion for abductive logic programs." In Algebraic and Logic Programming, 150–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58431-5_12.

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Ciucci, Davide, and Didier Dubois. "Three-Valued Logics for Incomplete Information and Epistemic Logic." In Logics in Artificial Intelligence, 147–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33353-8_12.

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García-Honrado, Itziar. "Some Entertainments Dealing with Three Valued Logic." In Claudio Moraga: A Passion for Multi-Valued Logic and Soft Computing, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48317-7_3.

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Li, Wei, and Yuefei Sui. "R-Calculi for Post Three-Valued Logic." In Perspectives in Formal Induction, Revision and Evolution, 103–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4270-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Chan, Hsu, Brody, and Teh. "Neural three-valued-logic networks." In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1989.118381.

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Nakayama, Yotaro, Seiki Akama, and Tetsuya Murai. "Rough Set Logic for Kleene's Three-valued Logic." In 2020 Joint 11th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 21st International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scisisis50064.2020.9322701.

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You, Jia-Huai, and Li Yan Yuan. "Three-valued formalization of logic programming." In the ninth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/298514.298559.

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Guo, Jian, and Jungang Han. "Symbolic Model Checking for Three Valued Logic." In 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing (CMC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmc.2009.333.

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Ciucci, Davide, and Didier Dubois. "From paraconsistent three-valued logics to multiple-source epistemic logic." In The 8th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eusflat.2013.116.

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Belardinelli, Francesco, and Vadim Malvone. "A Three-valued Approach to Strategic Abilities under Imperfect Information." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/10.

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A major challenge for logics for strategies is represented by their verification in contexts of imperfect information. In this contribution we advance the state of the art by approximating the verification of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL) under imperfect information by using perfect information and a three-valued semantics. In particular, we develop novel automata-theoretic techniques for the linear-time logic LTL, then apply these to finding “failure” states, where the ATL specification to be model checked is undefined. Such failure states can then be fed into a refinement procedure, thus providing a sound, albeit incomplete, verification procedure.

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Ciucci, Davide, and Didier Dubois. "Truth-Functionality, Rough Sets and Three-Valued Logics." In 2010 40th IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2010.26.

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Akama, Seiki, and Yasunori Nagata. "A Three-Valued Approach to the Master Argument." In 2011 IEEE 41st International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2011.8.

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Cui-Yan, Jin-Yong Tao, and Wang-Jun Tao. "Pattern Recognition Based on Fuzzy Three-Valued Logic Reasoning." In 2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science. ICIECS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciecs.2009.5364621.

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Kishore, G. Ravi, N. M. Nanditha, Venna Vijaya Sree Swarupa, and S. Saravanan. "Design of Three-Valued Logic D-Latch Using GNRFET." In 2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-pact52855.2021.9696589.

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Reports on the topic "Three-valued logic"

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Kozachenko, Nadiia. AGM cognitive actions as modal operators of three-valued logic: presentation. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6687.

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AGM is designed so that its principles can be applied to the development of belief dynamics models, regardless of the field of application. The main idea of this work is to see how we can to represent cognitive actions considered in AGM within a certain three-valued logic, and check what interesting properties can be discovered in this way. To do this, we will consider the basic concepts and principles of AGM. Then we interpret them in a logical schema. And then we see what information about them we can get in the resulting system.

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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.

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